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Follow up Study of Slavery and Poverty Kukrouthi Village, St Ravidas Nagar District Uttar Pradesh, India

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Follow up Study of Slavery and Poverty Kukrouthi Village, St Ravidas Nagar District Uttar Pradesh, India Follow Up Study of Slavery and Poverty Kukrouthi Village, St Ravidas Nagar District Uttar Pradesh, India June 2012 | © 2012 Free the Slaves Research Team Implementation: MSEMVS, Varanasi, India Coordination: Ginny Baumann, Associate Programs Director, Free the Slaves Survey Design: Ginny Baumann, Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick, and Jessica Leslie Data Processing: Elaine Graves Data Analysis: Dr. Monti Narayan Datta Editor: Jody Sarich, Director of Research, Free the Slaves Local research team: Ms. Babita, Supervisor Mr. Motilal, Mr. Suresh Kumar, Ms. Asmin, Mr. Rajendra Prasad Surveyors Date of data collection: From 9/2011 to 10/2011 Location of survey: Kukrouthi Village, St Ravidas Nagar District, Uttar Pradesh This pre- and post-intervention study, conducted by Free the Slaves’ partner MSEMVS in India, was carried out at the beginning and end of a three year program implemented by MSEMVS with technical assistance from Free the Slaves. The study is intended to provide insight into: i) Whether or not slavery and trafficking have been eradicated in the village of Kukrouthi in St Ravidas Nagar District, Uttar Pradesh; and ii) To determine if other socio-economic conditions of people living in the community have also improved. The survey looks at changes in the economic, social, educational, health, and political status of the households residing in the village. It is the first of eight similar village level studies, focused on locations where Free the Slaves India partners are implementing a rights-based, community organizing approach to slavery eradication. Follow up data collection at seven further locations (where the baseline was taken in 2010) will take place at the end of 2013. It is hoped that these studies may generate interest in conducting an independent evaluation of the effectiveness and associated benefits of this approach to eliminating slavery and trafficking. This study was conducted among the residents of three hamlets in Kukrouthi village: Chhoti-mai, Sonahar, and Chhitauna. There were two information sources for this study. The first was a set of 120 household level surveys and the other are Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) held in both communities. A total of 929 people were accounted for by the surveys. Focus Group Discussions were carried out in all three hamlets and provide insights to the issues facing the community. Various types of Focus Group Discussions occurred, including a “mixed” Focus Group Discussion (in which men, women, and children participated), another discussion for men, another one for women and one for children, as well as a discussion specifically for the members of the Community Vigilance Committee in Sonahar and in Chhoti-Mai – making a total of 14 discussion groups altogether. The discussions addressed key issues affecting the respondents. The quantitative portions of this report consist of descriptive statistics based on two levels of analysis. The first level is the household, in which we examine variation in responses based on what the head respondent reported for his or her entire household. The second level is the individual, in which we examine variation in responses based on what the head respondent shared for each individual member living within a given household. In this report, we present descriptive statistics that explore a number of dimensions according to these two levels of analysis. In terms of attribution of the changes, it is important to note that MSEMVS has been the only NGO working in Kukrouthi during the period (confirmed through the Focus Group respondents). Following international norms, an adult is anyone 18 or above, and a child is anyone below this age, unless otherwise noted. 2 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................................... 4 Key Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Study findings ........................................................................................................................................ 8 General Household Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 8 Education ................................................................................................................................................... 1010 Work/Income Level ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Food Consumption ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Health ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 Assets and Durable Goods ......................................................................................................................... 29 Debt and Lending ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Slavery, Trafficking And Debt Bondage ................................................................................................ 40 Political Process And Perceived Self-Efficacy ..................................................................................... 43 Interviewer’s Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 47 3 Tables Table 1: Age Breakdown of Respondents (N = 929) ................................................................................. 8 Table 2: Caste (N = 120) ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Table 3: Marital Status of Respondents 18 and Older (N = 512) ......................................................... 9 Table 4: Reasons Children Do Not Attend School (N = 3) .................................................................... 10 Table 5: Comparison of Adult Literacy Levels .......................................................................................... 10 Table 6: Types of Employment (N = 365) ................................................................................................... 13 Table 7: Work Type by Gender (N = 231 for males, 130 for females) ............................................ 14 Table 8: Work Type by Age (N = 365) .......................................................................................................... 14 Table 9: Comparison of Hours Worked ....................................................................................................... 15 Table 10: Hours Worked by Gender .............................................................................................................. 17 Table 11: Seasonal Employment (N = 336) ............................................................................................... 17 Table 12: Type of Payment Received (N = 516) ....................................................................................... 17 Table 13: Payment Type by hours Worked ............................................................................................... 18 Table 14: Payment Type by hours Worked, Separated by Gender ................................................. 18 Table 15: Average Pay by hours Worked, Separated by Gender ...................................................... 19 Table 16: hours Worked Per Day by Age .................................................................................................... 20 Table 17: Comparison of Number of Meals Consumed Per Day By household (N = 120) .... 21 Table 18: Interviewer's Assessment of Main Meal (N = 120) ............................................................ 22 Table 19: Comparison of Consumption of Key Foods By Household (N = 120) ........................ 22 Table 20: Comparison of Access to health Care (N = 120) ................................................................. 24 Table 21: Comparison of Access to Free Medical Treatment (N = 120) ........................................ 25 Table 22: Breakdown of Illnesses Experienced in the Last Month .................................................. 26 Table 23: Comparison of Child Vaccinations (N = 361 in 2011; N = 337 in 2009) ................... 26 Table 24: Comparison of Birth Control Methods Available and Used (N = 120) ....................... 27 Table 25: Comparison of Ability to Limit Number of Babies (N = 120) ......................................... 28 Table 26: Comparison of Quality of Land (N = 120) .............................................................................. 29 Table 27: Comparison of Land Use (N = 120) ........................................................................................... 30 Table 28: Type of Roofing Material for Each Family's house (N = 120) ....................................... 31 Table 29: Comparison of Durable Goods (N = 120) ............................................................................... 31 Table 30: Comparison of Animals Owned (N = 120) ............................................................................. 32 Table 31: Comparison of Animals Owned (N = 120) ............................................................................
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