DOCSLIB.ORG

The New Media Theory Reader Brings Together Key Readings on New Media – What It Is, Where It Came From, How It Affects Our Lives, and How It Is Managed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The New Media Theory Reader Brings Together Key Readings on New Media – What It Is, Where It Came From, How It Affects Our Lives, and How It Is Managed THE Presented by US Pandey Kolkata NEW MEDIA The study of new media opens up some of the most fascinating issues in contemporary culture: questions of ownership and control over information and cultural goods; the changing experience of space and time; the political consequences of new communication technologies; and the power of users and consumers to disrupt established economic and business models. THEORY READER THEORY The New Media Theory Reader brings together key readings on new media – what it is, where it came from, how it affects our lives, and how it is managed. Using work from media studies, cultural history and cultural studies, economics, law, and politics, the essays encourage readers to pay close attention to the ‘new’ in new media, as well as considering it as a historical phenomenon. The Reader features a general introduction as well as an editors’ introduction to each thematic section, and a useful summary of each reading. The New Media Theory Reader is an indispensable text for students on new media, technology, sociology and media studies courses. Essays by: Andrew Barry, Benjamin R. Barber, James Boyle, James Carey, Benjamin Compaine, Noam Cook, Andrew Graham, Nicola Green, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Ian Hunter, Kevin Kelly, Heejin Lee, Lawrence Lessig, Jonathan Liebenau, Jessica Litman, Lev Manovich, Michael Marien, Hassan & Thomas Robert W. McChesney, David E. Nye, Bruce M. Owen, Lyman Ray Patterson, Kevin Robins, Ithiel de Sola Pool, David Saunders, Richard Stallman, Jeremy Stein, Cass R. Sunstein, McKenzie Wark, Frank Webster, Dugald Williamson. Robert Hassan is Senior Research Fellow in Media and Communications at the Media and Communications Program, The University of Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of The Chronoscopic Society (2003) and Media, THE NEW MEDIA Politics and the Network Society (Open University Press, 2004). He is the editor (eds) of the journal Time & Society. Julian Thomas is Director of the Institute for Social Research at Swinburne THEORY READER University, Australia and a Professorial Fellow in Media and Communications. He has written widely on the social and policy dimensions of new media. edited by Robert Hassan & Cover design Hybert Design • www.hybertdesign.com www.openup.co.uk Julian Thomas USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata The New Media Theory Reader USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata The New Media Theory Reader Robert Hassan and Julian Thomas Open University Press USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education McGraw-Hill House Shoppenhangers Road Maidenhead Berkshire England SL6 2QL email: [email protected] world wide web: www.openup.co.uk and Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2289, USA First published 2006 Copyright © Selection, editorial matter and introductions, Robert Hassan and Julian Thomas 2006 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 4LP. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN-10: 0 335 21710 9 (pb) 0 335 21711 7 (hb) ISBN-13: 978 0335 21710 6 (pb) 978 0335 21711 3 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data applied for Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Poland by OZGraf S.A. www.polskabook.pl USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata Contents Extracts viii Introduction xvii Publisher’s acknowledgements xxix PART 1 Media transitions 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Lev Manovich: ‘What is new media?’ in The Language of New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002 5 1.2 S.D. Noam Cook: ‘Technological revolutions and the Gutenberg Myth’ in Internet Dreams. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997 11 1.3 Ithiel de Sola Pool: ‘A shadow darkens’ in Technologies of Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003 19 1.4 David E. Nye: ‘The consumer’s sublime’ in American Technological Sublime. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996 27 1.5 Kevin Kelly: ‘The computational metaphor’, Whole Earth, Winter 1998 39 1.6 Michael Marien: ‘New communications technology: a survey of impacts and issues’, Telecommunications Policy, 20(5), pp. 375–387, 1996 41 PART 2 Governing new media 63 Introduction 63 2.1 David Saunders, Ian M. Hunter and Dugald Williamson: ‘Historicising obscenity law’ in On Pornography: Literature, Sexuality and Obscenity Law. London: Macmillan, 1992 67 USP January 2012 vi CONTENTS Presented by US Pandey Kolkata 2.2 Bruce M. Owen: ‘The tragedy of broadcast regulation’ in The Internet Challenge to Television. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999 72 2.3 Andrew Graham: ‘Broadcasting policy in the digital age’ in Charles M. Firestone and Amy Korzick Garmer (eds) Digital Broadcasting and the Public Interest. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 1998 79 2.4 Kevin Robins and Frank Webster: ‘From public sphere to cybernetic state’ in Times of the Technoculture. New York: Routledge, 1999 92 2.5 Robert W. McChesney: ‘Policing the thinkable’, Opendemocracy.net, 2001 101 2.6 Benjamin Compaine: ‘The myths of encroaching global media ownership’, Opendemocracy.net, 2001 106 PART 3 Properties and commons 111 Introduction 111 3.1 Lyman Ray Patterson: ‘Copyright in historical perspective’ in Copyright in Historical Perspective. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968 113 3.2 James Boyle: ‘Intellectual property and the liberal state’ in Shamans, Software and Spleens: Law and the Construction of the Information Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996 119 3.3 Jessica Litman: ‘Choosing metaphors’ in Digital Copyright: Protecting Intellectual Property on the Internet. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2001 123 3.4 Lawrence Lessig: ‘The promise for intellectual property in cyberspace’ in Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books, 2000 133 3.5 Richard Stallman: ‘Why software should not have owners’ in Free Software: Free Society. Boston, MA: Free Software Foundation, 2002 154 PART 4 Politics of new media technologies 159 Introduction 159 4.1 Andrew Barry: ‘On interactivity’ in Political Machines: Governing a Technological Society. London: Athlone Press, 2001 163 4.2 Benjamin R. Barber: ‘Pangloss, Pandora or Jefferson? Three scenarios for the future of technology and strong democracy’, in A Passion for Democracy: American Essays, Princeton University Press, pp. 245–257, 2000 188 USP January 2012 CONTENTS vii Presented by US Pandey Kolkata 4.3 Cass Sunstein: ‘Citizens’ in Republic.com. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001 203 4.4 McKenzie Wark: ‘Abstraction/class’ in A Hacker Manifesto. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004 212 PART 5 Time and space in the age of information 221 Introduction 221 5.1 James Carey: ‘Technology and ideology: the case of the telegraph’ in Communication as Culture. London: Routledge, 1989 225 5.2 Jeremy Stein: ‘Reflections on time, time–space compression and technology in the nineteenth century’ in M. Crang, P. Crang and J. May (eds), Virtual Geographies: Bodies, Space and Relations. New York: Routledge, 1999 244 5.3 Nicola Green: ‘On the move: technology, mobility, and the mediation of social time and space’, The Information Society, 18(4), pp. 281–292, 2002 249 5.4 Heejin Lee and Jonathan Liebenau: ‘Time and the internet’, Time and Society, 9(1), pp. 48–55, 2001 266 5.5 Thomas Hylland Eriksen: ‘Speed is contagious’ in Tyranny of the Moment: Fast and Slow Time in the Age of Information. London: Pluto Press, 2001 272 Biographical notes 279 Bibliography 285 Index 311 USP January 2012 Presented by US Pandey Kolkata Extracts One: Media transitions Manovich (2002) – ‘What is new media?’ This article argues that changes wrought by new media are profound. Qualitatively different to past technologies such as the printing press or photography, emerging media, in combination with computer technology, render a fundamental shift due to an ability to affect all stages of communication. Outlining the interweaving historical trajectories of media and computing, the author traces the eventual convergence of the two technologies, explaining how developments in computers facilitated the ability to store, synthesise and manipulate diverse types of media. This, in turn, creates a new set of possibilities, translating traditional forms of media – such as images, sound and text – into new media. conversations December summarizing Cook (1997) – ‘Technological revolutions and the Gutenberg Myth’ Debunking the myth that the invention of movable type led to substantial advances in literacy and learning, Cook highlights the essential roles of both cultural and techno- logical advances in explaining social change. Questioning the revolutionary claims associated with Gutenberg’s invention, he contends that the affect of the printing press was mediated by the social, religious and political institutions of the day. Increases in literacy rates were driven more by the imperatives of record-keeping, education and work than the development of movable type, and the availability of large quantities of paper were required before large-scale diffusion of writing became possible. He suggests that this traditional, one-dimensional account of a single technology causing broad social change, as typified by the Gutenberg Myth, is an inadequate model for assessing the current realities of the developing world. The computer has already been the subject of such an analysis, being touted as revolutionising society. Cook warns of such deter- minism, reiterating the need to consider the multiple influences inherent in any techno- logical innovation. USP January 2012 EXTRACTS ix Presented by US Pandey Kolkata de Sola Pool (2003) – ‘A shadow darkens’ The legal status of new communication technologies remains a contested and complex area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Technopopulism: the Emergence of a Discursive Formation
    tripleC 15(2): 441-458, 2017 http://www.triple-c.at Technopopulism: The Emergence of a Discursive Formation Marco Deseriis Northeastern University, Boston, USA, [email protected], http://neu.academia.edu/MarcoDeseriis Abstract: This article contends that technopopulism is a discursive formation that emerges from the convergence of two preexisting discourses: populism and technolibertarianism. Whereas these discourses are historically distinct the 2008 financial crisis and the 2011 wave of struggles precipitated the political conditions for their intersection. Such convergence produces both tensions and possibilities. On the one hand, technopopulism engenders a radically participatory model of democracy, which is ultimately anti-institutional as citizens cooperate and engage in sophisticated decision-making without the mediation of professional politicians. On the other hand, the more electorally successful technopopulist parties are led by charismatic leaders who synthesize the positions that emerge from the netroots to mobi- lize them against the establishment. These two seemingly contradictory aspects precipitate in two variants of technopopulism: a leaderless-technocratic variant, which is derived from the open source mode of governance and from early experiments of the Global Justice Movement in networked self-government; and a leaderist-populist variant, which is more strictly focused on the electoral competition as an intrinsically hegemonic practice. The article concludes with a reflection on the discursive complementarity of these two variants. Keywords: technopopulism, technolibertarianism, populism, electronic democracy, social media activism, Global Justice Movement, Free and Open Source Software, Podemos, Five Star Movement, Occupy Technopopulism is the belief that the “government of the people, by the people, for the people” (Lincoln 1953 [1863]) is achievable by means of information communica- tions technology.
    [Show full text]
  • DIGITAL INSIGHTS: SPECIAL EDITION by Sergey Filippov
    EUROPEAN DIGITAL FORUM digitalGovernment insights of How Digital Technologythe Future Will Change the Way We Live, Work and Govern DIGITAL INSIGHTS: SPECIAL EDITION By Sergey Filippov Dr Sergey Filippov is associate director of the Lisbon Council. Previously, he served as D assistant professor of innovation management at Delft University of Technology and holds a PhD in economics and policy studies of technical change from UNU-MERIT, a joint research institute of the United Nations University and Maastricht University. The author would like to Just another Tuesday? thank Gaurav Gujral, Bernard Le Masson and the digital government team at Accenture Tuesday, 01 January 2030 began like any other. Throughout the world’s most for incisive comments on an advanced economies, people awoke in a digitally-satiated environment, early draft. For a full list of the surrounded by wearable and voice-operated devices.1 Wireless Internet project research team, see connection had become ubiquitous 10 years before; by the 2030s, wireless was page 30. All errors of fact or the common standard for power transmission too, largely eliminating the need judgment are the author’s sole for cables of any sort.2 Many people rode that day in electric cars, quite a few of responsibility. them self-driving.3 This Digital Insight Special Edition was prepared for and submitted as part of the European Commission’s 1 Marc Curtis, “Wearables, Hearables and Nearables Won’t Dethrone Smartphones,” The Guardian, 10 February eGovernment Action Plan 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2015/feb/10/wearables-hearables-nearables-smartphones 2016-2020 Public Consultation.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Participation and Web 2.0
    i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Edited by PAULO SERRA, EDUARDO CAMILO AND GISELA GONÇALVES POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND WEB 2.0 i i i i i i i i Livros LabCom Série: Pesquisas em Comunicação Direcção: José Ricardo Carvalheiro Tradução: Rui Vitorino Azevedo Tom Williams Design da Capa: Cristina Lopes Paginação: Filomena Matos Covilhã, UBI, LabCom, Livros LabCom ISBN: 978-989-654-133-0 Título: Political Participation and Web 2.0 Autores: Paulo Serra, Eduardo Camilo and Gisela Gonçalves (Orgs.) Ano: 2014 www.livroslabcom.ubi.pt i i i i i i i i Contents Introduction 1 The research project “New media and politics: citizen participation in the websites of Portuguese political parties” 5 ICITIZENSHIP AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 16 Freedom as participation in Isaiah Berlin António Fidalgo 19 From brochureware to ‘MyBo’: an overview of online elections and campaigning Rachel Gibson 31 Notes on the construction of the journalistic event: from a politically active intellectual to the advent of Web 2.0 Giovandro Ferreira 43 II POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRACY 57 Participation and alternative democracy: social media and their con- tingencies Peter Dahlgren 61 i i i i i i i i i New bottles, old wine? New media and political parties Carlos Jalali 87 An alternative approach: portuguese associativism and trade union associativism Daniela Fonseca 105 III POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE INTERNET AGE 118 Sound bite: politics in frames Nuno Francisco 121 Challenges to intermedia agenda-setting: reflections on Pedro Passos Coelho’s outburst Eduardo Camilo
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information Strategy
    The Emergence of Noopolitik Toward an American Information Strategy John Arquilla David Ronfeldt National Defense Research Institute R FIGURE Three Realms of Information ................... 16 TABLES 1. Information Realms Across Three Levels .......... 17 2. Contrast Between Realpolitik and Noopolitik ....... 47 vii SUMMARY Information and communications have always been important to strategy. But they are changing from subsidiary to singular con- cerns—“information” matters more than ever for reasons that did not exist even 20 years ago. One reason is technological innovation: the growth of a vast new information infrastructure—including not only the Internet, but also cable systems, direct broadcast satellites, cellular phones, etc.—in which the balance is shifting away from one-to-many broadcast media (e.g., traditional radio and television) toward many-to-many interactive media. In many nations a grow- ing, though varied, population is enjoying an ease of entry and access to the new infrastructure for commercial, social, diplomatic, military, and other interactions. This easy access is resulting in a huge in- crease in global interconnectivity. A second reason is the proliferation of new organizations: Vast ar- rays of state and nonstate organizations are emerging that directly concern information and communications issues. A third reason why information and communications have become more important is that “information” and “power” are becoming increasingly inter- twined. Across many political, economic, and military areas, informational “soft power” is taking precedence over traditional, material “hard power.” The new field known as “information strategy” is emerging around two poles, which define opposite ends of a spectrum of security con- cerns. One is an essentially technological pole, that of cyberspace safety and security.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prospects for Cyberocracy (Revisited)
    Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Working Papers Political Networks Paper Archive 12-2008 The rP ospects for Cyberocracy (Revisited) David Ronfeldt [Independent], [email protected] Danielle Varda University of Colorado at Denver, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/pn_wp Recommended Citation Ronfeldt, David and Varda, Danielle, "The rP ospects for Cyberocracy (Revisited)" (2008). Working Papers. Paper 29. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/pn_wp/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Networks Paper Archive at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Working Papers by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 THE PROSPECTS FOR CYBEROCRACY (REVISITED) David Ronfeldt and Danielle Varda Abstract: The deepening of the information age will alter the nature of the state so thoroughly that something new emerges: cyberocracy . While it is too early to say precisely what a cyberocracy will look like, the outcomes will include new kinds of democratic, totalitarian, and hybrid governments, along with new kinds of state-society relations. Thus, optimism about the information revolution should be tempered by an anticipation of its potential dark side. This paper reiterates the view of the cyberocracy concept as first stated in 1992, and then offers a postscript for 2008. It speculates that information-age societies will develop new sensory apparatuses, a network-based social sector, new modes of networked governance, and ultimately the cybercratic nexus-state as a successor to the nation-state. This is the version of the paper that has been available at www.ssrn.com since January 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitution of Internet in E-Government Formation (Reflections on International Debates)
    Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal Proceeding Open Access Medushevsky a law and public ethics: constitution of internet in e-government formation (reflections on international debates) Proceeding Volume 6 Issue 5 - 2018 The general Internet-Constitution debate reveals three predominant interpretations of e-government phenomenon: e-government as a Andrey N Medushevsky principally new form of government which already strayed beyond Doctor of sciences (Philosophy), Tenured professor at the bureaucracy realizing the Antic ideal of direct democracy;1‒2 National Research University, Russia e-government as a new technical tool which could be appropriate and used by different actors and by the traditional bureaucratic government Correspondence: Andrey N Medushevsky–doctor of sciences 3‒10 (Philosophy), Tenured professor at the National Research among them and e-government as the dangerous way toward a new University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, 11‒13 type of bureaucratic control over society – the new Leviathan. All Email [email protected] three interpretations are based on technological aspects of the problem – the evaluation of the role and impact of e-government machinery on Received: November 12, 2017 | Published: November 02, 2018 social structure, the reconfiguration of social roles in the traditional hierarchy of governance. The phenomenon of overestimation of e-government innovations explains the search of easy answers transubstantiation of these principles into legal provisions has been and the expansion
    [Show full text]
  • Cyberocracy As a Social Movement in the New Burma 225 Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, Vol
    Cyberocracy as a Social Movement in The New Burma 225 Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2011, Hal. 225-234 © 2011 PSDR LIPI ISSN 2087-2119 Cyberocracy as a Social Movement in The New Burma Amorisa Wiratri Abstrak Cyberocracy adalah istilah �����������������������������������untuk menunjukkan gerakan demokrasi yang menggunakan fasilitas internet. Sepanjang sejarah Burma, Saffron Revolution adalah salah satu peristiwa demonstrasi yang fenomenal. Demonstrasi tersebut dimotori oleh para biarawan yang selama ini tidak pernah menunjukkan pertentangan dengan pemerintah ataupun pihak militer. Demonstrasi ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana interaksi antara aktivitas politik melalui internet dan gerakan nyata di masyarakat berhasil membuahkan sebuah revolusi. Kata kunci: Cyberocracy, internet, Revolusi Saffron, gerakan sosial Background Burma gained its independence from the British on January 4, 1948, (Than, 2005: 3).�������������������������������� The military formally started a coup in 1962, headed by General Ne Win. In the early 1970s, Ne Win introduced the “Four Cuts” policy, which aimed to cut all food, supplies, recruits and intelligence to insurgent groups. This was effectively a scorched-earth policy against villagers in conflict zones (Than, 2005: 3). In 1988, a national pro-democracy uprising forced Ne Win to step down. In response, the military cracked down on the demonstrators, killing an estimated 3000 people throughout the country. Many Burmese student activists fled to ethnic insurgent-held areas in the jungle, where they formed their own pro-democracy organisations, allied with ethnic armies. This event is known as the biggest protest ever in Burma and the protest members are called 88’s generation students. In the 1990 elections, the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Aung San Suu Kyi, won with a landslide victory.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications Revolutions and International Relations
    Communications Revolutions and International Relations Cherie Steele and Arthur A. Stein Published in Technology, Development, and Democracy: International Conflict and Cooperation in the Information Age, pp. 25-53. Edited by Juliann Emmons Allison. SUNY Series in Global Politics. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. This file may contain errors from the optical character recognition per- formed on the scanned copy of the original. CHAPTER TWO Communications Revolutions and International Relations CHERIE STEELE AND ARTHUR STEIN Nobody who has paid any attention to the peculiar features of our present era will doubt for a moment that we are liv- ing at a period of [a] most wonderful transition, which tends rapidly to accomplish the great end to which all his- tory points the realisation of the unity of mankind. The distances which separated the different nations and parts of the globe are rapidly vanishing before the achievements of modern invention, and we can traverse them with incredible ease. —The Prince Consort, March 1850 A communications revolution is underway. Without the vast increase in the power of computers, computer software, satellites, fiber-optics cables, and high-speed electronic transfers, markets could not act as one, and economic and other information–politics, ideas, culture, revolutions, consumer trends– could not be delivered instantaneously to the more than 200,000 monitors connected into this global communications system. (Ken- nedy 1993, 50-51) The personal computer and the internet will, we are told, transform eco- nomic, social, and political life, including international relations, by creating new forms of community and interaction not yet imaginable.1 “This new civ- ilization, as it challenges the old, will topple bureaucracies, reduce the role of the nation-state, and give rise to semiautonomous economies in a postimperi- alist world” (Toffler 1980, 10-11).
    [Show full text]
  • From Global Justice to Occupy and Podemos: Mapping Three Stages of Contemporary Activism
    From Global Justice to Occupy and Podemos: Mapping Three Stages of Contemporary Activism Special Issue of tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique (http://www.triple-c.at) Edited by Todd Wolfson, Emiliano Treré, Paolo Gerbaudo, Peter Funke1 tripleC 15 (2), 2017, pp. 390-542 1 Please note that the editors appear in reversed alphabetical order, not in order of importance. This special issue represents a collective effort, and all the four editors contributed equally to it. tripleC 15(2): 390-392, 2017 http://www.triple-c.at Multiple Temporalities of the Movements Michael Hardt Duke University, Durham, USA, [email protected] The clocks seem to be running faster these days. A new cycle of struggle explodes on the scene and then in a few short years it seems to have burnt out and passed on to another. Even the recent past quickly fades from view as we speed past. Cycles of struggle used to continue to develop over decades. Think of the waves of slave rebellions that emanated from the Caribbean through much of the 19th century, or the communist agitation in the decades leading up to and following the Soviet 1917, or the anti-colonial revolts throughout the 20th century. Even the explosion of movements across the world in 1968 extended at least throughout the 1970s. Rather than lamenting that contemporary movements are too brief and stunted, however, we should recognize the ways they are embedded in multiple temporalities that link them to the past and embed them in long-term political projects. A standard narrative of recent cycles of struggle, limiting its vision to Europe and North America, goes something like this.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Administration in the Information Age: Towards an Informatised Bureaucracy
    Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (10) 2005 / 2 : 46-68 Public Administration in the Information Age: Towards an Informatised Bureaucracy Hamza Ateş* Sabri Bozali** Abstract: This article deals with the question of how the information and communi- cations technology revolution would affect government and public administration of the near-future. It is argued that development of information revolution would alter the nature of bureaucracy. The traditional - hierarchical public bureaucracy is being replaced by the informatised bureaucracy. Four main indicators of this trend are identified: rise of new elites, IT-led institutional restructuring, changing public and private sector relations through IT-led innovations, and the trend of a move from hierarchies to networks. Key words: Information Technology, Government, Public Administration, Bureaucracy. 1. Introduction Government reform has been the subject of considerable academic and practical dis- cussion in recent years (Ateş, 1999). In many circles, government is seen as ineffi- cient, ineffective or unresponsive to its social environment. Some argue that private- sector management techniques can be applied to government, which will produce public agencies that are more efficient, effective and responsive to clients than com- pared with traditional government bureaucracies, which are under less pressure to meet the needs of ordinary citizens. At the same time, new ideas about governance have also emerged, stressing collaborative relationships, network-like arrangements and hybrid public-private partnerships between various agencies and organizations which enable more effective problem solving and greater citizen participation in public affairs than in the past (La Porte et al., 2000). These two schools of thought about public administration and management both arise from the perception that * Doç.
    [Show full text]
  • Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, That Delves Deeply Into Everything Mentioned Above and More
    Edited by Michael Miklaucic and Jacqueline Brewer With a Foreword by Admiral James G. Stavridis, USN Published for the Center for Complex Operations Institute for National Strategic Studies By National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. 2013 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. First printing, April 2013 NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information, call (202) 512–1800 or write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. For GPO publications on-line, access its Web site at: http://www.access. gpo.gov/su_docs/sale.html. For current publications of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, consult the National Defense University Web site at: http://www.ndu.edu. Contents Foreword vii James G. Stavridis Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Michael Miklaucic and Jacqueline Brewer Part I. A Clear and Present Danger Chapter 1 3 Deviant Globalization Nils Gilman, Jesse Goldhammer, and Steven Weber Chapter 2 15 Lawlessness and Disorder: An Emerging Paradigm for the 21st Century Phil Williams Chapter 3 37 Can We Estimate the Global Scale and Impact of Illicit Trade? Justin Picard Part II. Complex Illicit Operations Chapter 4 63 The Illicit Supply Chain Duncan Deville Chapter 5 75 Fixers, Super Fixers, and Shadow Facilitators: How Networks Connect Douglas Farah Chapter 6 97 The Geography of Badness: Mapping the Hubs of the Illicit Global Economy Patrick Radden Keefe Chapter 7 111 Threat Finance: A Critical Enabler for Illicit Networks Danielle Camner Lindholm and Celina B.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribes, Institutions, Markets, Networks: a Framework About Societal Evolution
    - i - PREFACE This paper provides an interim overview of a framework that I have been trying to develop about the evolution of societies. The initial exposition of the framework appeared in a draft: David Ronfeldt, “Institutions, Markets, and Networks: A Framework about the Evolution of Societies” (RAND, DRU-590-FF, December 1993). That draft focused on the three forms of organization noted in its title, and mentioned that the tribal form should be added to the framework. This paper elaborates on all four forms of organization. The work on this paper was supported by RAND, using its own corporate research funds. The views expressed herein are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of RAND’s research sponsors. This paper will eventually be followed by further reports on the framework, its elements and implications. Meanwhile, comments are invited. David F. Ronfeldt Senior Social Scientist International Policy Dept. RAND 1700 Main Street Telephone: (310) 393-0411, ext. 7717 Santa Monica CA 90407-2138 Internet: [email protected] - iii - CONTENTS Preface....................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................v Forms Underlying the Organization of Societies ...........................................................2 The Rise of Tribes (and Clans).................................................................................5
    [Show full text]