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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT of KANCHIPURAM COAST in TAMILANDU, USING REMOTE SENSING and GIS a Thesis to Be Submitted to the Madur

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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT of KANCHIPURAM COAST in TAMILANDU, USING REMOTE SENSING and GIS a Thesis to Be Submitted to the Madur SYNOPSIS COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT OF KANCHIPURAM COAST IN TAMILANDU, USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS A Thesis To be submitted to the Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai For the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Geography Submitted by M. SATHISH KUMAR Guide by Dr. V. Emayavaramban Professor and Head DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY MADURAI TAMILNADU - 625 021 November - 2018 Introduction Coastal zone remains as the densely populated and most vital region in the world. As far as the global changes is concerned, coastal resources had been under intensive pressure which makes it an important aspect (Li Xiubin, 1995; Santhiya, G. et al., 2010). For the last 50 years, coastal zone has been experienced immense public pressure (Selvam and Sivasubramanian, 2012).The Kanchipuram district is a most interested visitor coastal tourism place in the state of Tamil Nadu with approximate length of 87.2 kilometers coastline. The surrounding coastal zone peoples depend on coastal resources, for necessities of every day such as food and living. Due to rabbit population growth, small and large-scale industrial, land use changes, groundwater level and ground quality changes of coastal environment and its resources are being threatened with extinction. Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience including, entertainment business, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, transportation, accommodations, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups travelling away from home. The coastal tourism is a promising industry for substantial economic benefits, creating new jobs and improving people’s incomes, while at the same time satisfying leisure needs for both locals and international visitors. Aim and Objectives of the Study The main aim of the study is to utilize the remote sensing and GIS technologies for the sustainable development of coastal zone of Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu. The objectives of the study are listed below To study the ground water quality analysis of pre and post monsoon of coastal zone of Kanchipuram district for the years 2015. To study the land use land cover changes and change detection analysis (2001 and 2016) in the coastal zone of Kanchipuram district using multi-temporal satellite data. To assess the impact of the coastal tourism on National and International arrivals across months and years (2010-2015) on the study areas. Socio and economic status of fishermen folk community and fish production of Kanchipuram coast in Tamilnadu Contents of the Research Work Each of the following sub-sections summarizes the content of each chapter of the thesis including main results and findings. General summary of the methodology used: Kanchipuram district lies adjacent to Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is bounded on the west by Vellore district and Thiruvannamalai district, in the north by Thiruvalluvar district and Chennai district, in the south by Villupuram district and in the east by the Bay of Bengal. A 10 km buffer zone was created along the coast of above mentioned districts to create the study area. A total of 171 villages were within the total area of 1,678 sq.km. Groundwater quality analysis of pre monsoon and post monsoon data for the year 2015 was performed. Groundwater quality variables such as pH, EC, TDS, Total Hardness, NO3, SO4, Cl, F, CO3, HCO3, Na, Ca and Mg were analysed for both the seasons. Graphs were plotted in ms excel worksheet to understand the each variable with highest and lowest values and spatially interpolated in Arc GIS software to understand variables within the study site. Spatial distribution of Land Use/Land Cover changes based on the Landsat ETM satellite data (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) of the year 2001 and 2016 were attempted. Visual interpretation techniques were used to digitize land use land cover themes based on total variation, accordingly six themes such as agriculture, forest, settlement, water bodies, barren land and scrubland for the year 2001 and 2016. The tourism sectors of the Kanchipuram district and Mamallapuram were filtered form national and international tourists’ data. All the data were collected from Tamilnadu tourism department for the period of 2010 – 2015. Exclusive data for the study area were analysed for national and international tourist arrival with respect to Tamil Nadu arrival data. Two types of data organization were performed (i) All the data are organized in a month wise manner for the study period (i.e., January 2010 – January 2015). (ii) Data were compiled by years (i.e., Jan – Dec 2010 –Jan to Dec 2015). Statistical analysis was performed for moth wise and year wise data on minimum arrival, maximum arrival, and percent arrival corresponding to Tamilnadu arrival. The chapter of socio and economic status of fisher folk community and fish production of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, Fisheries data were collected from fisheries department in Chennai and other data were collected from fisheries census book in 2010. Data such as fisher folk population, education, sanitary facility, drinking water facility, all identity card holders, etc. data were analyses in ms excel softer of maximum, minimum, average and special interpolation map derived from ArcGIS software. Ground Water Quality Analysis This chapter of the thesis discusses the collection of groundwater quality, analysis of pre and post monsoon data for the year 2015. Graphs were plotted in ms excel worksheet to understand the each variable with highest and lowest values and spatially interpolated in ArcGIS software to understand variables within the study site. Groundwater quality data for the study area is obtained from ground and surface water resource data centre, Taramani, Chennai. Total Dissolved Solids The study period in the year 2015 including pre monsoon and post monsoon data. The observation of data includes district name, taluk name, block name, village name, Ground Control Points (GCP) comprising latitude, longitude, well number and the water quality parameters. There were twenty seven (27) observations for both pre monsoon and post monsoon period for the year of 2015. The results of the pre monsoon and post monsoons values for TDS showed that pre monsoon values are greater than post monsoon values. Most of the pre monsoon values are greater than 1000 mg/l. Maximum values were in the range of 1318mg/l and minimum of 228mg/l and the average value of 18017.00mg/l and SD 344.03 mg/l were observed. Post monsoon minimum values were 169.0mg/l, maximum 1550 mg/l and average 16041.00 mg/l and SD 394.68.6 mg/l. Nitrate Pre monsoon and Post monsoon nitrate of the study area showed that lower concentration of NO3 was observed on the southern part and middle region of the study area whereas northern isolated patches exhibited a relatively high to very high NO3 concentration, higher NO3. The concentration at northern part might be influenced by the disposal of waste all along the Buckingham canal of the study area. Calcium Post monsoon Ca of the study area showed that lower concentration of Ca was observed in the middle part of the study area. Southern part and northern region showed higher Ca.The higher concentrationin the southern and northern part might be the influence of calcium, rocks and its dissolution rock minerals in the groundwater. Calcium is present in all waters as Ca and is readily dissolved from rocks rich in calcium minerals, particularly as carbonates and sulphates, especially limestone and gypsum. The cation is abundant in surface and groundwater. The salts of calcium, together with those of magnesium, are responsible for the hardness of water. The major source of Ca in the groundwater is due to ion exchange of minerals from rocks of this area. Magnesium Pre monsoon Mg of the study area showed that higher to the very high concentration of Mg was observed in the northern part of the study area. Middle and southern region of the study area exhibited low to a very low concentration which might be attributed to calcium contain rocks such as gypsum or dolomite showed and post monsoon Mg of the study area showed that higher concentration of Mg was observed on the one patch of the northern part of the study area. Southern part and middle region showed lower Mg in the study area of Kanchipuram coast. Sodium Pre monsoon Na of the study area showed that lower concentration of Na was observed in the northern part, the southern part and middle region of the study region exhibited medium to allow concentration of Na. Isolated patches exhibited higher concentration showed in the study area. Post monsoon Na of the study area showed that lower concentration of Na was observed in the middle part of the study area, southern part and northern region showed higher Na,. The higher concentration in the southern and northern part of study area. Chloride Pre monsoon Cl of the study area showed that higher to the very high concentration of Cl was observed on a single location of northern part of the study area. Middle and southern region of the study area exhibited low to very low concentration Post monsoon Cl of the study area showed that medium values for the entire study area showed and most of the chlorine occurs as chloride (Cl) in solution. High concentrations of chloride can make waters unpalatable and, therefore, unfit for drinking seems to be prominent 1000mg/l for post monsoon period and 539.00mg/l for the pre monsoon period in the Coastal villages of Kanchipuram district. Sulfate Pre monsoon SO4 of the study area showed that higher concentration of SO4 was observed in the northern part of the study area. Middle and southern region of the study area exhibited medium to lower concentration.
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