Dampak Embargo Amerika Serikat Terhadap Politik Dalam Negeri Iran Di Bawah Kepemimpinan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

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Dampak Embargo Amerika Serikat Terhadap Politik Dalam Negeri Iran Di Bawah Kepemimpinan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad DAMPAK EMBARGO AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP POLITIK DALAM NEGERI IRAN DI BAWAH KEPEMIMPINAN MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD SKRIPSI Siti Ahadiyah Ramadhani 160906068 Dosen Pembimbing: Indra Kesuma Nasution, S.IP., M.Si., Ph.D DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK SITI AHADIYAH RAMADHANI (160906068) DAMPAK EMBARGO AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP POLITIK DALAM NEGERI IRAN DI BAWAH KEPEMIMPINAN MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD ABSTRAK Skripsi ini membahas mengenai Iran yang kembali melanjutkan program nuklir damainya dan sebagai negara yang telah menandatangi dan meratifikasi NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty) pada tahun 1970 maka Iran sah untuk mengembangkan teknologi nuklir sipil. Pengembangan kembali teknologi nuklir Iran menjadi pemicu utama pemutusan hubungan diplomatik (embargo) dari negara Amerika Serikat. Amerika memiliki kecurigaan bahwa Iran akan mengembangkan senjata pemusnah massal. Oleh karena itu, selama pemerintahan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran dikenakan sanksi oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Uni Eropa dan Amerika yang mengakibatkan Iran kesulitan dalam menjalankan politik domestiknya, hal itu pula yang mendasari tujuan penelitian skripsi ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan tersebut adalah Hubungan Internasional dengan perspektif realism, Kepentingan Nasional dan Embargo. Terlepas dari embargo, Iran tetap menjalankan program nuklirnya sebagai bagian dari kepentingan nasionalnya. Kata Kunci : Negara Amerika, Iran, Embargo, Dampak Politik. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATRA FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SITI AHADIYAH RAMADHANI (160906068) IMPACT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EMBARGO ON IRAN ISLAMIC STATE POLITICS UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD ABSTRACT This thesis discusses Iran which continues its peaceful nuclear program and as a country that has signed and ratified the NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty) in 1970, Iran is legitimate to develop civilian nuclear technology. The redevelopment of Iran's nuclear technology is the main triggertermination of diplomatic ties (embargo) from the United States. America has suspicions that Iran will develop weapons of mass destruction. Therefore, during the reign of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran was subject to sanctions by the United Nations, European Union and America which resulted in difficulties in carrying out Iran's domestic politics. That is what underlies the research objectives of this thesis using descriptive qualitative research methods. The theory used to explain this problem is International Relations with the perspective of realism, National Interests and Embargoes. Despite the embargo, Iran continues to carry out its nuclear program as part of its national interests. Keywords: American State, Iran, Embargo, Political Impact. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK Halaman Pengesahan Skripsi ini telah dipertahankan dihadapan panitia penguji skripsi Departemen Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dilaksanakan pada: Hari : Selasa Tanggal : 08 September 2020 Pukul : 13.00 – 14.00 WIB Tempat : Google Meet (Online) Tim Penguji : Ketua Penguji : Husnul Isa Harahap, S.Sos., M.Si NIP. 196806301994032001 Penguji Utama : Indra Kesuma Nasution, S.IP., M.Si., Ph.D NIP. 197903062005011002 Penguji Tamu : Dra. Rosmery Sabri, MA NIP. 195912151988072001 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamiin, segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas berkat, rahmat dan karunia-Nya yang berlimpah, selalu memberi kesehatan dan hikmat kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan baik. Skripsi ini berjudul : Dampak Embargo Amerika Serikat Terhadap Politik Dalam Negeri Iran di Bawah Kepemimpinan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Skripsi ini diajukan guna memenuhi persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan Strata Satu (S1) Departemen Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Selama masa penyelesaian skripsi ini, penulis juga tidak lupa mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan baik moril maupun materil, bantuan, bimbingan serta saran selama penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada : 1. Kedua Orangtua Tercintaku, Ayah Safril Rasainy dan Ibu Rosnida yang dengan tulus memberikan kasih dan cintanya begitu besar dalam kehidupan penulis, dan sangat bersyukur karena mereka penulis bisa mengenyam pendidikan hingga ke tingkat Strata Satu. 2. Saudara Laki-laki dan Perempuan, Abang Mhd. Ihsan dan Kakak Sharfina Ulfa Lufthyah yang selalu menyemangati penulis untuk terus berusaha dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini dan sebagai partner terbaik dalam kehidupan penulis. Terimakasih juga untuk keluargaku yang tak sempat penulis sebutkan, kalian yang terbaik yang dikirim semesta untuk selalu hadir dalam setiap langkah penulis. 3. Bapak Dr. Muryanto Amin, S.Sos., M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara dan selaku dosen pembimbing akademik dan juga selaku dosen pembimbing penulis selama PKL yang selalu memberikan arahan dan nasihatnya selama proses perkuliahan penulis. 4. Bapak Dr. Warjio, M.A selaku Ketua Departemen Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. 5. Bapak Indra Kesuma Nasution, Ph.D selaku dosen pembimbing skripsi yang sudah begitu baik memberikan arahan, saran, kritik, dan juga waktu dan pikiran. vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara Sekali lagi, penulis sangat berterima-kasih banyak atas ilmu-ilmu yang bapak berikan selama proses pengerjaan skripsi ini. 6. Seluruh Dosen-dosen Departemen Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Terima kasih atas bekal ilmu yang kalian berikan selama perkuliahan penulis di jenjang S1 ini. Jasa kalian sangat luar biasa dalam pendidikan yang penulis tempuh. 7. Seluruh Staff/Pegawai Departemen Ilmu Politik, Pak Burhan dan Kak Ema yang memberikan waktunya untuk mengurus segala administrasi penulis dari awal hingga akhir perkuliahan dengan baik. 8. Bapak Fazri selaku Kabid dan Ibu Neny Tiurma Pasaribuselaku Kasubbid bidang poldagri Kesbangpol Provsu, terima kasih banyak Ibu atas kesempatan pengalaman kerja yang luar biasa diberikan kepada penulis. Wawasan dan ilmu mengenai realita dunia kerja yang dibekalkan kepada saya sangat bermanfaat. 9. Ibu Dina Y. Sulaeman sebagai Founder Lembaga ICMES yang bersedia menjadi narasumber saya dalam penelitian ini, terima kasih ibu sudah membantu penulis dalam memecahkan rumusan penelitian saya. Dan juga terimakasih kepada responden saya melalui situs jejaring sosial “Quora” yaitu Bapak Taufik Hidayat sebagai penulis buku yang bersedia berbagi pengalamannya ketika berkunjung ke Iran. 10. Teruntuk rekan sejawat kuliahku, Restania Pardede, Anggi Noviani dan Jessica Rimta yang selalu menemani hari-hari penulis di masa perkuliahan, semoga kita selalu merangkul satu sama lain demi menggapai cita-cita yang tak terbatas. Penulis sangat bersyukur bisa mengenal kalian dan berbagi suka-duka dengan kalian. 11. Sahabatku, Reihana, Widya Aprilia, dan Masyitah Delta yang selalu mendukung penulis dalam pengerjaan skripsi. Meskipun kita berbeda peminatan dan universitas namun keutuhan dalam persahabatan itu tidak akan pernah lekang oleh itu semua. Semoga kita tetap selalu bersama dan berhasil menggapai mimpi yang kita rangkai. 12. Kakak virtualku, Gia Febrianti. Sebagai pejuang PTN, beliau mau berbagi akun zeniusnya bersama penulis, penulis sangat beruntung bisa mengenalnya di sosial media. Dari beliau, penulis banyak belajar akan arti berjuang. Terima vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Universitas Sumatera Utara kasih sudah terus menyemangati, mendukung, dan menghibur penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Semoga kita sukses kedepannya dan bisa bertemu secara langsung ya. Borahae uni. 13. Teman werewolfku, Tatyana, yang selalu menyemangati penulis dan menjadi patner bermain yang pecah, hingga suatu momen kita bisa memenangi event bersama. Salam Slytherin buat namby dan kookie. 14. Teman – teman UKMI As–Siyasah, khususnya Nanda Pramaswari, Viola Rizki, Almawiya Sinta, Nurul Ihsan, terima kasih atas segala waktu yang kita habiskan mulai dari mentoring, liqo’ dan kegiatan–kegiatan di ukmi. Semua itu sangat berkesan bagi penulis, semoga kita tetap menjaga silahturrahmi ini ya. 15. Teman – teman Faksi Ilmu Politik: Budi, Koko, Hendrawan, Marisi, Yuli, Anggi, Jessica, Resta, Yulan, Sri, Kiki, Firdaus dan Noverdios. Terimakasih atas kebersamaan yang kita lalui di pengabdian. Dari mereka penulis banyak belajar akan arti berbagi. Sungguh, pengalaman pengabdian bersama kalian merupakan satu peristiwa yang sulit dilupakan dalam perjalanan kehidupan penulis. Sukses buat kita semua. 16. Abangda Fajar Anugrah Tumanggor dan Abangda Mhd. Zubeir Sipahutar, seniorku di Ilmu Politik stambuk 14. Terimakasih banyak atas segala dukungan yang kalian berikan. Jasa kalian sangat luar biasa dalam perkuliahan penulis. Semoga Tuhan membalas semua kebaikan kalian ya. 17. Seluruh teman – teman Ilmu Politik 2016 yang namanya tidak dapat Penulis sebutkan secara
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