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Troubleshooting and Maintenance Guide

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Troubleshooting and Maintenance Guide ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT CORPORATION TROUBLESHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE GUIDE Celebrating over 60 years of Quality American Manufacturing TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE CONCEPT OF A BATTERY CHARGER 3 MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS 4 EQUIPMENT NEEDED 5 TROUBLESHOOTING INSTRUCTIONS 6 DIAGNOSING FAILURES 8 COMPONENT FUNCTIONS 12 Manuals, Wire Diagrams, and additional information may be found on our website: http://www.associatedequip.com/support Additional technical help is available by emailing: [email protected] Trouble Shooting & Maintenance Guide.doc Rev.1 Last modified 12/17/2009 Page 2 TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE CONCEPT OF A BATTERY CHARGER In its most basic function, a battery charger uses a typical household voltage of 120 volts AC and steps it down to a lower AC voltage before converting that AC into DC to charge a battery. This is done by feeding the higher input voltage into the primary side of the transformer and the lower output voltage is produced on the secondary side of the transformer. The primary of the transformer consists of at least two inputs (or taps) and may contain several more. Each input tap is designed to produce a calculated voltage on the output windings called a secondary. Various switches are employed to change these taps in order to get the desired output levels and timers are often used to govern the length of time on charge. The lower secondary voltage of the transformer is then connected to the rectifier (or diodes) which clip the top half of the AC (alternating current) sine wave resulting in DC (direct current) voltage. This is the voltage used to actually charge the battery. Additional safety mechanisms of input and output circuit breakers are used to protect the charger and diminish fire hazards. Meters are used to for monitoring and providing state of charge information to the operator. A more elaborate design may include additional elements such as a microprocessor controlled circuit board for controlling the charge cycle so that it conforms to a particular charging profile. Because certain batteries can be damaged if the method of charging is not carefully observed, selection of the proper charger for the application is vital. Understanding the principles of how a battery charger works is an essential part of knowing how to repair one should it need service. If you are unsure of the individual components in the charger and their purpose, Please see the COMPONENT FUNCTIONS section of this document for parts identification and their respective functions before attempting to service your battery charger. This guide addresses the manual type chargers using a manual timer or on/off switch. While this document does not specifically address the repair of microprocessor controlled chargers, many of the troubleshooting steps are fundamental in determining the source of problems in these types of chargers as well. Trouble Shooting & Maintenance Guide.doc Rev.1 Last modified 12/17/2009 Page 3 TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE MAINTENANCE & CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Worn clamps and jaws should be replaced. Worn parts can lead to poor connections and present a safety hazard. See parts list for part number of jaw and clamp kits. Any Maintenance or repair of this unit that involves disassembly of the cabinet should be done only by a qualified service person. 2. Incorrect reassembly may result in a risk of electric shock when the unit is subsequently used. To clean, wipe with a soft damp cloth. Avoid the use of chemical and abrasive cleaners. Wipe up spills immediately. 3. Furniture polish may be used to maintain a bright sheen on the cabinet and cables, but avoid spraying directly onto the metal and apply to a cloth and rub it in. 4. When not in use, this unit should be stored upright, in a dry location. 5. If there are signs of cabinet damage, have the unit checked by a qualified service person before using. Trouble Shooting & Maintenance Guide.doc Rev.1 Last modified 12/17/2009 Page 4 TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE EQUIPMENT NEEDED You will need to have the following to disassemble and adequately test the output of the charger. • Digital multi-meter capable of measuring AC/DC voltage with a diode checking function. • Handheld Load Tester (recommended model 6029 or equivalent) • Good Battery – important to have a known good battery & not a suspect one. • Nut Driver set (SAE) • Socket set (SAE) • Flat Blade Screwdriver • Phillips Blade Screwdriver Additional helpful items to have: • Alligator clips for Digital Multi-meter (for hands-off measurements) • Clamp on amp meter • Jumper leads that have alligator clips on each end (for hard to reach places) • Flashlight or trouble light Trouble Shooting & Maintenance Guide.doc Rev.1 Last modified 12/17/2009 Page 5 TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE TROUBLESHOOTING INSTRUCTIONS WARNING : Troubleshooting involves working with live voltages! Only Qualified personnel or an experienced electrician should attempt to repair this unit. If you are not comfortable with this process, do not attempt it. Troubleshooting is a process that starts at the source of input and ends at the output. The direction in finding the problem is performed much like following a flow chart, making measurements along the way to find the source of the problem. Understanding how each component in the battery charger operates is crucial to solving a problem with the charger and will also help in solving the problem much quicker. If you are not familiar with the parts in this charger, please see the COMPONENT FUNCTIONS section of this document for parts identification and their respective functions before attempting to service your battery charger. The testing methods in this guide are written in such a way that it minimizes the disassembly of the charger. Please take the time to familiarize yourself with the wire diagram before getting started. There are some very basic tests to initially perform to determine if service is required on the charger before having to remove any panels. These tests can be performed without exposing the operator to any potentially lethal voltages. Visual and audible clues during this process will also help identify any problems you may be having. Although not always possible, first hand information from the operator will many times give a good indication as to the failure of the charger. Ask lots of questions, such as: • By what means have you determined the charger to be defective? • How long has the charger been in service? • Has the charger ever worked or is this an out of box failure? • How was the charger being used? (charging, jump starting, etc.) • What is the application of the charger? (automotive garage, junk yard, truck shop, etc.) • Did you hear, see or smell anything prior to the charger failing? • Was the charger working and just quit, or was it not working from the time you plugged it in? The usage of the charger or other clues can give direction on where to start looking for the problem. For instance, if the charger is used in a truck shop and frequently used to jump heavy vehicles, one may quickly start to look at a burned out rectifier as the source of trouble. Using a little logic, one can pretty quickly ascertain direction in diagnosing the failure of a charger. For instance, if the fan motor was not running, then we can make some initial guesses to the source of the problem. Since the fan is on the primary side of the transformer, we need not waste time starting on the secondary side of the transformer. Sometimes a charger may have more than one problem and require repeating some troubleshooting steps to make sure everything is working properly. Trouble Shooting & Maintenance Guide.doc Rev.1 Last modified 12/17/2009 Page 6 TROUBLESHOOTING & MAINTENANCE GUIDE To determine if the charger is working, perform the following preliminary steps. 1. Make sure the charger is off. 2. Isolate the black and red clamps from one another so they cannot touch. 3. Using the diode function of the multi-meter, measure across the two clamps in each direction. Red to red and black to black should show an open circuit; black to red and red to black should show .3 - .5 voltage drop across the two clamps. 4. a. Plug the charger into the wall outlet. b. Isolate the clamps from one another so they cannot touch. c. Set the rate switch(s) to 12 high d. Turn the timer or power switch (if applicable) to the on position. (The amount of time is not relevant.) 5. Can you hear the fan motor running? (This will help determine if the charger has proper power connected to it) 6. Change the rate switch to different positions and listen for an audible change in the transformer hum. The change in pitch is not always discernable but if it is present, is a good sign the transformer is working properly. 7. Set the charge rate to high and measure the DC voltage across the black and red clamps. This voltage should be between 12.6 volts and 17 volts DC depending on the charger model. 8. Turn charger OFF. 9. If you measured good voltage in step 7, then use a known good battery and connect it to the charger. (measure the battery voltage before connecting and make a mental note of the voltage.) 10. With the battery connected to the charger, connect a DC volt meter to the battery using the charger clamps to hold them in place. 11. Set the rate of the charger to high and turn the power on. 12. Note the display of the amp meter and the attached voltmeter. If the charger is producing voltage and current, you should see an increase of voltage on the battery from the previous measurement in step 8.
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