DOCSLIB.ORG

Application of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner in the Monitoring of Earth Structures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Application of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner in the Monitoring of Earth Structures Open Geosciences 2020; 12: 503–517 Research Article Janusz P. Kogut* and Elżbieta Pilecka Application of the terrestrial laser scanner in the monitoring of earth structures https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0033 basis of repeated surveys, one may observe changes that received June 14, 2019; accepted February 6, 2020 have occurred within the analysed area, assess the Abstract: Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) assists in the likelihood of further development of the threat and detection of the unsafe behaviour of slopes and scarps. It also establish ideas and opportunities for securing the facilitates the assessment of the stability of earthworks. Earth endangered terrain. The landslides on which stability structures are those that are usually made of qualified ground works have already been performed should also be ff material. One may distinguish between point structures such monitored to assess the e ectiveness of the methods ff as mounds, forts and dams, and linear structures such as applied. Among the di erent monitoring methods, there – [ ] roads, railways and flood embankments. This article concerns are two basic distinguishable groups surface 1,2 and - [ ] the problem of monitoring and analysing of the effects in depth methods 3,4 . In order for monitoring results to fl associated with the unstable behaviour of selected earth be accurate and re ect the true situation as precisely as structures. TLS enables remote sensing of surface changes in possible, the method of conducting the measurements a simple and automated manner. Regular, multiple measure- should be selected appropriately. This stipulates that the ments with the laser scanner are applied in long-term measuring points be positioned properly and the ff monitoring of the behaviour of the selected objects. The e ective analysis of the results obtained. Surface discrete numerical models using, for example, the finite methods are designed to determine the deformations element method (FEM) take into account geotechnical that occur on the surface of the terrain that are the direct properties of substrate and allow for the risk assessment cause of damage. Among them, one may distinguish and stability testing of such structures. The numerical model between surveys, thanks to which it is possible to fi fi - of the structure along with the parameters of the substrate are accurately nd the displacements of speci c measure introduced into the FEM package. This allows for the analysis ment points and remote sensing methods. This allows for of stresses, strains and displacements, along with different measurements without having to interfere with the loading cases. The work here presents a few selected earth tested ground. These can include air and terrestrial laser ( ) structures for which the aforementioned analyses have been scanning TLS or satellite interferometry synthetic ( )[ ] undertaken. aperture radar InSAR 5,6 . Monitoring by means of surveying methods consists of taking repetitive geodetic Keywords: laser scanning, slope stability, earth structures measurements of the grid of measurement points that have been previously stabilised in the studied area. It is important to choose the location of measurement points – they should be located in areas where activity 1 Introduction is the greatest. However, it is important to also set benchmarks outside the area exposed to movements, The purpose of monitoring areas threatened by soil mass which will be the reference points in conducting movements is to determine the velocity and nature of the measurements. The location of measuring points should mass movements that cause terrain deformation. On the be of long duration, in order to allow for multiple and reliable measurements. Applying the geodetic methods, it is possible to determine the range of active mass * Corresponding author: Janusz P. Kogut, Cracow University of movements and their direction. It is also possible to - Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Warszawska 24, 31 155, estimate the size of the moving soil masses. Measure- Kraków, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Elżbieta Pilecka: Cracow University of Technology, Civil Engineering ments can be used to determine changes within a certain Department, Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland, time frame in the studied area, which are expressed by e-mail: [email protected] deformation indices such as depression, inclination, Open Access. © 2020 Janusz P. Kogut and Elżbieta Pilecka, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License. 504 Janusz P. Kogut and Elżbieta Pilecka horizontal displacement, deformation or curvature. scanning – airborne and terrestrial. Airborne scanning is Measurements performed by means of laser scanning carried out using the LiDAR system. The scanner is placed are one of the methods of remote sensing [7]. Remote flat under an aeroplane fuselage. During the flight, a sensing is a type of research performed from a distance – rectangular strip of land is registered, which lies in a plane remotely and without contact – using specialised transverse to the direction of flight. On the basis of the devices (sensors). measurement of the return time sent from the signal scanner, Remote sensing methods may be simply divided into which is reflected from the terrain surface, the distance active and passive. In active remote sensing, the impulse between the plane and particular point of the terrain is is sent from the device; and after reflection from the determined. In airborne measurement using a laser scanner, object, it is acquired and analysed. Active radar is an a global positioning system or the global navigation satellite example of active remote sensing, during which micro- system determines the position of the pulse sending aircraft. waves are sent. Additionally, other examples include The inertial navigation system defines the angular inclina- light detection and ranging (LiDAR), during which a tions, in addition to the vectors of the platform acceleration light beam is sent, or sonar (sodar), where acoustic on which the optical scanning head is mounted. This system waves are sent [8]. Passive methods of remote sensing measures the height coordinate with an accuracy of 15 cm. It are those based on the analysis of signals emitted by the allows the obtainment from one measurement of an image observed object. Photogrammetry is an example of with an area of several square kilometres [5,7]. Another type passive remote sensing. It may be combined with the of terrain observation that may be conducted is the use of a results of unmanned aerial vehicle surveys [9]. On the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. It consists of a other hand, discrete numerical models using the finite satellite-based radar and a land-based processor. The radar element method (FEM) packages that take into account sends microwave radiation towards the Earth’ssurface.After the properties of substrate, allow for risk assessment and reaching the surface of the area, the radiation interacts with stability of earth structures. The numerical modelling of it, whereby it undergoes reflection, transmission or absorp- the structure along with the parameters of the substrate tion. For each pixel of the radar picture, the SAR system also provides the analysis of stresses, strains and registers the amplitude and phase of the reflected signal. It displacements for the consideration of different loading consists of a radar on board of satellite and a processor cases. This article presents a few selected earth located on land. The radar sends microwave radiation structures, on which such mechanical analyses have towards the Earth’s surface. After reaching the surface of been carried out. Nowadays, similar papers are pub- the area, the radiation interacts with it (undergoes reflection, lished, which synthesise the results of geodetic surveys transmission or absorption).Foreachpixeloftheradar with discrete elements methods modelling [10,11]. picture, the SAR system registers the amplitude and phase of Artificial intelligence methods are also employed as the reflected signal [6,7]. The InSAR method involves the tools for soil stability assessment [12,13]. processing of images that were made with one SAR antenna during subsequent satellite flights over the same area. For each pixel, the phase differences from two SAR images are calculated. On this posture, one gets an image of phase 2 Methodology differences, which is called an interferogram. It consists of interference fringes that give information about the relative 2.1 Laser scanning and other surface elevation of the land surface and its changes over time. This method allows remote, non-contact measurement with very measurements high precision and frequency. The TLS is another modern terrain mapping method. The Employing specialised software based on a cloud of points measurements are based on the recording of a laser beam obtained from measurements using a laser scanner, it is transformed later to the Cartesian coordinates. Usually, the possible to create a 3D terrain model after the processing of TLS is placed on a geodetic tripod. In order to obtain greater measurements. With the overlap of two or more modes made accuracy of measurements to cover the scanning of larger at time intervals, a differential model can be created, on the areas, as well as to supplement areas that were in the shadow basisofwhichonemayfollowtheprocessofdeformation of previously scanned objects, terrestrial laser scanner over time. The advantage of laser scanning lies in the fact measurements are performed from many positions. Each of that this measurement does not interfere with the tested these positions adjoins a common reference point. The data environment. One may distinguish two types of laser set (in the form of a cloud of points) creates an image of the Application of the TLS in the monitoring of earth structures 505 scanned space. The data measured are then archived for (the minimum distance between the measured points) further processing. The difficulty in the laser recording and the size of the area, the diameter of which increases process is the vast amount of data. Therefore, in the essential with distance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insar Monitoring of Landslide Activity in Dominica
    remote sensing Article InSAR Monitoring of Landslide Activity in Dominica Mary-Anne Fobert 1,*, Vern Singhroy 2 and John G. Spray 1 1 Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick, 2 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; [email protected] 2 Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, 560 Rochester Street, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Dominica is a geologically young, volcanic island in the eastern Caribbean. Due to its rugged terrain, substantial rainfall, and distinct soil characteristics, it is highly vulnerable to landslides. The dominant triggers of these landslides are hurricanes, tropical storms, and heavy prolonged rainfall events. These events frequently lead to loss of life and the need for a growing portion of the island’s annual budget to cover the considerable cost of reconstruction and recovery. For disaster risk mitigation and landslide risk assessment, landslide inventory and susceptibility maps are essential. Landslide inventory maps record existing landslides and include details on their type, location, spatial extent, and time of occurrence. These data are integrated (when possible) with the landslide trigger and pre-failure slope conditions to generate or validate a susceptibility map. The susceptibility map is used to identify the level of potential landslide risk (low, moderate, or high). In Dominica, these maps are produced using optical satellite and aerial images, digital elevation models, and historic landslide inventory data. This study illustrates the benefits of using satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to refine these maps. Our study shows that when using continuous high-resolution InSAR data, active slopes can be identified and monitored.
    [Show full text]
  • An Attempt of Earthquake Precursor & Deformation Monitoring by Means of Real-Time High Rate
    13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 901 AN ATTEMPT OF EARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR & DEFORMATION MONITORING BY MEANS OF REAL-TIME HIGH RATE GPS Matthias Becker1 and Radovan Marjanovic Kavanagh2 SUMMARY Until recently deformation monitoring was usually done by periodic geodetic position measurements of discrete points, which served for the determination of time dependent vectors. Alternative techniques with continuous data even in real-time using different electronic sensors, like extensometers or tilt meters, do not give the complete information about deformations with respect to a large scale reference frame. The only solution was a combination of different measuring techniques, methods and instruments, whereas a complete integration of all sensors into one consistent system is hardly possible. In the last few years GPS instrumentation evolved to a strong and accurate measuring tool. The modern GPS instrumentation allows high precision kinematic applications even in real-time. Additionally, a sampling rate of typical more than 5 Hz allows the use of the system even for applications with high velocities and accelerations. The major advantage of these systems is that they give 3D coordinate information down to millimeter resolution. This paper describes the conceptual design of the installation of a real-time kinematic GPS array on known points (where co-located measurements with other techniques took place) in a region near Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia. This region is known as a local earthquake hazardous region where a series of earthquakes took place during the past. Most of these earthquakes originated in the Earth's crust in depths of about 10-20 km.
    [Show full text]
  • International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
    INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. Use of remote-sensing deformation monitoring for the assessment of levee section performance limit state Utilisation de la télédétection pour l'évaluation de l'état limite de la performance de la section des digues Victoria Bennett, Chung Nguyen, Tarek Abdoun Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA, [email protected] Amr Helal, Mohammed Gabr Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, USA Cathleen Jones, David Bekaert Radar Concepts and Formulation, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA Joel Dudas Delta Special Investigations, California Department of Water Resources, USA ABSTRACT: Performance monitoring of the Sacramento Delta levee system on the network level and the assessment of exceeding potential limit states are needed for the maintenance and rehabilitation of this system. In this case, deformation needs to be assessed especially in view of the levees age, sea level rise, and ongoing subsidence due to the decomposition of the peat foundation layer. The work presented herein describes the remote sensing of a levee section deformation with time, which will ultimately be used for levee condition assessment. The levee section is located on Sherman Island, California and monitoring was conducted in situ by GPS, in addition to remote sensing by airborne synthetic aperture radar.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Results on Potential Deformations Occurring on Slopes of Major Highways by Analyzing Sentinel 1 Images
    4th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring (JISDM), 15-17 May 2019, Athens, Greece PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON POTENTIAL DEFORMATIONS OCCURRING ON SLOPES OF MAJOR HIGHWAYS BY ANALYZING SENTINEL 1 IMAGES Elissavet Chatzicharalampous1, Constantinos Loupasakis2, Issaak Parcharidis3, Manolis Charalampakis4, Michaela-Maria Karathanou-Nicholaidi5 1 PhD Student, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Ir. Polytechniou str., 15780, Polytechnioupoli, Zografou, Athens, Greece, ([email protected]) 2 Associate Professor, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Ir. Polytechniou str., 15780, Polytechnioupoli, Zografou, Athens, Greece, ([email protected]) 3 Professor, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, office 4.3a new bld, 70El. Venizelou str., 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece, ([email protected]) 4 Civil Engineer, Egnatia Odos S.A., Thessaloniki, Greece, ([email protected]) 5 MSc Student, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Ir. Polytechniou str., 15780, Polytechnioupoli, Zografou, Athens, Greece, ([email protected]) Key words: Deformations, Highways, Slopes, Sentinel 1, Multitemporal SAR Interferometry ABSTRACT The use of satellite data and remote sensing methods is a common practice in order to monitor and study instability phenomena, the occurrence of which have large social and economic cost, especially when they affect inhabited areas and
    [Show full text]
  • Deformation Monitoring and Modeling Based on Lidar Data for Slope Stability Assessment Von Der Fakultät Für Georessourcen
    Deformation monitoring and modeling based on LiDAR data for slope stability assessment Von der Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik der Rheinisch -Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von M.Sc. Hui Hu aus Zhejiang, China Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr.rer. nat. Dr.h.c. (USST) Rafig Azzam Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Herbert Klapperich Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.Mai.2013 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar Abstract Time dependent deformation is a common process in soil slopes but never the less a challeng- ing task for stability assessment. Slope failure and the land subsidence originating not only from extensive constructions and mining but also due to geological processes are common problems, which adversely influence environment, human safety and economic development. In order to pursue an advanced methodology for management and mitigation of soil slope failure, such points as adequate monitoring technology, effective deformation recognition, re- liable numerical modeling, and precise slope stability analysis are important to be taken into account. Within this scope, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) was adopted to collect high resolution point cloud data from a fresh cut high slope in sandy and clayey soils in an open pit mine. Therefore, four scanning campaigns have been conducted over a period of three months. A conversion tool to transfer a LiDAR data-based 3D geological model into a 3D geotechnical model for numerical simulation has been developed. Two sophisticated techniques, i.e. both maximum distance method and feature degree method, were proposed to recognize the slope displacement in mm resolution from the surface model.
    [Show full text]
  • MEMS Inplace Inclinometer Instrumentation Strings – Evaluation of Evolving Technology
    SPR Research Project C-06-02: Field Evaluations of “ShapeAccelArray” In-place MEMS Inclinometer Strings for Subsurface Deformation Monitoring FINAL REPORT March 2012 Matthew Barendse Civil Engineer II NYSDOT Geotechnical Engineering Bureau 50 Wolf Rd Albany, NY DISCLAIMER This report was funded in part through grant(s) from the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation, under the State Planning and Research Program, Section 505 of Title 23, U.S. Code. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the United States Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration or the New York State Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, regulation, product endorsement, or an endorsement of manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient‟s Catalog No. SPR # C-06-02 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Field Evaluations of “ShapeAccelArray” In-place MEMS March 2012 Inclinometer Strings for Subsurface Deformation Monitoring 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Matthew Barendse, George Machan 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) NYS Department of Transportation 50 Wolf Rd. 11. Contract or Grant No. Albany, NY 12232 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered NYS Department of Transportation Final Report 50 Wolf Rd. June 2006 – December 2008 Albany, NY 12232 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Project funded in part with funds from the Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract Continuous monitoring of subsurface ground movements is accomplished with in-place instruments utilizing automated data acquisition methods.
    [Show full text]
  • A Completion Method for Missing Concrete Dam Deformation Monitoring Data Pieces
    applied sciences Article A Completion Method for Missing Concrete Dam Deformation Monitoring Data Pieces Hao Gu 1,2, Tengfei Wang 3,* , Yantao Zhu 2,4,5, Cheng Wang 6, Dashan Yang 2,4,5 and Lixian Huang 7 1 College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [email protected] 2 College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (D.Y.) 3 School of Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 5 National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 6 Guangzhou Nansha Engineering Company of CCCC Forth Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510230, China; [email protected] 7 Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A concrete dam is an important water-retaining hydraulic structure that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. It can be regarded as a constantly changing complex system. The deformation of a concrete dam can reflect its operation behaviors most directly among all the effect quantities. However, due to the change of the external environment, the failure of monitoring instruments, and the existence of human errors, the obtained deformation monitoring data usually miss pieces, and sometimes the missing pieces are so critical that the remaining data fail to fully reflect the actual deformation patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction This treatise aims to propose a synthesis that is devoted to rock instabilities, based on contributions from worldwide academics who are actively involved and well recognized in this domain. It is intended for engineers, students and researchers in the domain of civil engineering, transportation, risk management, protection structures and rock engineering. This treatise considers the three main stages of the phenomenon, namely the triggering of rockfalls, the propagation of falling rocks, and the interaction of rocks with protective structures. The primary scientific breakthroughs achieved recently will be presented in a pedagogical way, with a strong connection to the potential applications expected in both expertise and engineering fields. Rock instabilities continue as a major menace for mountainous areas, and, more broadly, for any territory with abrupt rocky cliffs. Managing this risk, for a given site, requires that the hazard be properly analyzed, by accounting for likely evolution due to weathering effects during a global climate change. This risk management also involves the development of efficient design tools, which can be adapted to the specific protective structures that can be set up. Over recent years, significant advances have been made in both in-field experimental investigation (giving rise to a better characterization of rock scarps, along with the associated instability mechanisms), and the numerical techniques with powerful computational capacities. New methods and tools have been developed for practitioners, followed by significant improvement in the risk management domain. Hence, the purpose of this treatise is to synthesize the existing knowledge and the available tools, by maintaining a balance between a pedagogical style adapted for most of the practitioners, and the scientific rigor expected to present the advanced methods developed.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Impact of Rockfall Catch Fences on Ground-Based Radar Interferometry
    Original Paper Landslides Mariusz Frukacz I Andreas Wieser DOI 10.1007/s10346-017-0795-x Received: 21 July 2016 Accepted: 2 January 2017 On the impact of rockfall catch fences on ground-based © The Author(s) 2017 radar interferometry This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Rockfalls are major natural hazards in mountainous installed in a stable and safe location several kilometers from the regions and as such monitored if they pose a high risk to people monitored area. High accuracy (below 1 mm) and sampling rate or infrastructure. Ground-based radar interferometry is a relative- (1–5 min depending on the sensor) make TRI suitable for applica- ly new technique suitable for such monitoring. It offers the poten- tions demanding quasi-areal and near real-time displacement in- tial for determining sub-mm- to mm-level displacements by formation under a broad range of meteorological conditions. remote measurements under various weather conditions. To avoid Actually, TRI is now widely applied for deformation monitoring, damage from smaller rocks and debris, critical surfaces are often in particular for monitoring landslides (Antonello et al. 2003; protected by rockfall catch fences. We present an experimental Mazzanti et al. 2014), open pit mine fields (Severin et al. 2011), investigation proving that the radar measurements are indeed snow covered slopes and glaciers (Luzi et al. 2009;Buttetal. significantly affected by a catch fence made of steel even if its 2016a), volcanoes (Intrieri et al. 2013), and rockfalls (Rabatel mesh size is larger compared to that of the wavelength of the radar.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring of Slope Stability by Using Global Positioning System (GPS)
    Monitoring of Slope Stability by Using Global Positioning System (GPS) Eric Ma1, Yongqi Chen2, Xiaoli Ding3 Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong. Email: [email protected] Phone: 27665967 Fax:23302994 Biography : 1. Mr. Ma received a Bachelor degree in Surveying and Geo-informatics from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 1997. His research focuses are on GPS theory and application and he is currently studying a part-time MPhil degree specialized in GPS. He now works in the Lands Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as an Assistant Land Surveyor and will be elected as a corporate member of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors in June 2001. 2. Chen Yong-qi, chair professor and head of Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics at the HK polytechnic university. He received his degree education from the Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, China and his PhD from the University of New Brunswick, Canada. He was chairman of commission 6, FIG. He published over 200 technical papers and 6 books. 3. Dr. Xiaoli Ding received education in China and Australia. He has lectured in China, Australia and Hong Kong and is currently an Associate Professor at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Abstract : Recently, the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) in slope deformation monitoring has received great attention in various countries. However, in Hong Kong, this application is still in a planning stage. The reasons may be the high expenses of purchasing numerous receivers for various monitored points and the reduction of GPS accuracy due to biases such as multipath effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Use of Remote Monitoring for Slope Stability Assessments D1.4
    DESTination RAIL – Decision Support Tool for Rail Infrastructure Managers Project Reference: 636285 H2020-MG 2014-2015 Innovations and Networks Executive Agency Project Duration: 1 May 2015–31 April 2018 Report on the use of remote monitoring for slope stability assessments D1.4 Authors Meho Sasa Kovacevic, Marijan Car*, Mario Bacic, Irina Stipanovic, Kenneth Gavin, Karin Noren-Cosgriff and Amir Kaynia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Date: 23rd January 2018 Dissemination level: (PU, PP, RE, CO): PU This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 636285 D1.4 Report on the use of remote monitoring for slope stability assessments DESTination RAIL – Decision Support Tool for Rail Infrastructure Managers DOCUMENT HISTORY Number Date Author(s) Comments 01 12/12/2017 Meho Sasa Kovacevic (MSK), First draft of the document was Marijan Car (MC) and Irina sent to Prof. Anita Ceric, Stipanovic (IS). Advisory Board member for review 02 15/12/2017 Reviewed by Ken Gavin 03 23/01/2018 Reviewed by RODIS (Lorcan Connolly) 04 25/01/2018 Finalised by GDG (Julie Clarke) 2 D1.4 Report on the use of remote monitoring for slope stability assessments DESTination RAIL – Decision Support Tool for Rail Infrastructure Managers Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Sensor Insar Assessment of Ground Deformations Around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes
    remote sensing Article Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes Mehdi Darvishi 1,* , Georgia Destouni 1 , Saeid Aminjafari 1 and Fernando Jaramillo 1,2 1 Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.J.) 2 Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Changes in subsurface water resources might alter the surrounding ground by generating subsidence or uplift, depending on geological and hydrogeological site characteristics. Improved understanding of the relationships between surface water storage and ground deformation is impor- tant for design and maintenance of hydraulic facilities and ground stability. Here, we construct one of the longest series of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to date, over twenty-five years, to study the relationships between water level changes and ground surface deformation in the surroundings of Lake Mead, United States, and at the site of the Hoover Dam. We use the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) techniques over 177 SAR data, encompassing different SAR sensors including ERS1/2, Envisat, ALOS (PALSAR), and Sentinel-1(S1). We perform a cross-sensor examination of the relationship between water level changes and ground displacement. We found a negative relationship between water level change and ground deformation around the reservoir that was consistent across all sensors. The negative relationship was evident from the long-term changes in water level and deformation occurring from 1995 to 2014, and also Citation: Darvishi, M.; Destouni, G.; from the intra-annual oscillations of the later period, 2014 to 2019, both around the reservoir and Aminjafari, S.; Jaramillo, F.
    [Show full text]