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SEMINARSKI RAD IZ OSNOVA INFORMATIKE Tema: CHAT OŠ ÅVuk S. Karadžić´ Banja Luka SEMINARSKI RAD IZ OSNOVA INFORMATIKE Tema: CHAT 18.februar 2011. Milica Simidžija IX3 SADRŽAJ: CHAT. 1 KO KORISTI CHAT?. .2 VRSTE CHAT-A: -Chat sobe na web stranicama. 3 -Chat programi: . .4 1. Windows Live Messenger. .4-5 2. Skype. 6-7 3. AOL Instant Messenger. 8 4. Yahoo Messenger. .9 5. X-Chat. .10 6. ICQ. 11 7. Google Talk. 12 CHAT SKRAĆENICE. 13 PRAVILA CHAT-a. 14 LITERATURA . 15 CHAT Chat je oblik komunikacije dva ili više korisnika putem računara i računarske mreže. Chat se odvija u vrlo kratkim porukama koje korisnik vidi čim ih njegov sugovornik pošalje (obično pritiskujući tipku Enter).Na nekim chatovima postoje tzv. sobe u kojima istovremeno priča i do nekoliko desetaka (pa i stotina) korisnika. U nekima je razgovor ograničen na nekoliko ljudi, dok neki mogu kombinovati te dvije vrste. Za neke chatove ne treba ništa osim Web Browser-a i Java Programskog jezika, dok su neki prerasli u posebne kompjuterske programe, od kojih su najpoznatiji Windows Live Messenger, Skype, Yahoo! Messenger, Google Talk itd. 1 KO KORISTI CHAT? Chat aplikacije korištene su najčešće od strane tinejdžera do 18 godina starosti. Posebno privlačna mladima je anonimnost koju internet pruža, a koju je nemoguće postići u nekoj drugoj vrsti komunikacije. Ova anonimnost oslobađa i podstiče ljude na drugačiju komunikaciju nego što bi to činili u ličnim kontaktima, što znači da se svako može predstaviti kako želi i biti šta želi. Ponekad se odrasli ljudi koji često nemaju prijateljske namjere mogu predstavljati kao djeca. To najčešće budu pedofili, koji se preko četa pokušavaju približiti djeci. Isto tako neke osobe koje nemaju dovoljno jaku ličnost, na chatu znaju predstavljati svoju izmišljenu ličnost (koja se njima sviđa) i zato je važno imati na umu da o online prijateljima znamo samo onoliko koliko su oni rekli o sebi. Međutim, chat koriste i poslovni ljudi za poslovnu komunikaciju. Chat je nekima ekonomski puno povoljnije sredstvo komunikacije od telefoniranja i puno brže od e-maila. 2 VRSTE CHAT-A: -Chat sobe na web stranicama Na web stranicama sa chat sobama, korisnici se trebaju prvo registrovati, ostaviti neke svoje osobne podatke i unijeti nadimak (nick(name)), a tek onda ulaze u chat. Chat, za razliku od komunikacije e-mailom ili na forumima, omogućava kontakt s ostalim korisnicima chata u realnom vremenu. U nekim chat aplikacijama postoje sobe koje nose određenu temu (fakultet, muzika, sport...), pa korisnik može izabrati temu o kojoj bi želio razgovarati sa drugim učesnicima. Na takvim se chatovima nalaze administratori. Oni su školovane i izučene osobe za rad na chatu, te paze na korisnike, čuvaju mir i pružaju tehničku podršku. Takođe prave pravila o zloupotrebi javnog chat-a. Najpoznatiji chat-ovi u Bosni I Hercegovini su: Bosnachat, Bolchat, BiH Link, Sarajevo-x, Janja i drugi. 3 -Chat programi Chat programi su instant messaging programi koji omogućavaju korisniku brzo internet dopisivanje sa drugim korisnicima koje je prethodno dodao/prihvatio na svoju listu prijatelja. Oni se instaliraju na računar kao i ostali program ali je, ukoliko prethodno nemamo e-mail adresu, potrebno napraviti ID na koji možemo primati i e-mail poruke. Najpoznatiji I najrasprostranjeniji chat programi su: Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, Skype, AOL Instant Messenger« 1. Windows Live Messenger (MSN Messenger) je instant message program koji je napravio Microsoft. Prvi put je izdan 22. Jula 1999. kao MSN Messenger, a kao Windows Live Messenger 13. Decembra 2005. , dok je u junu 2009. godine zabilježeno preko 330 miliona aktivnih korisnika svakog mjeseca. Osim chatovanja kratkim porukama, Windows Live Messenger omogućava videochat. MSN Messenger(prva verzija programa) 4 -MSN Messenger 1 (1.0.0863) Prvo izdanje produkta, izdato 22. jula 1999. godine -MSN Messenger 2 (2.0.0083) Izdat 16. novembra 1999. godine. -MSN Messenger 3 (3.0.0080) Izdat 29. maja 2000. godine. -MSN Messenger 4.6 Izdat 23. oktobra 2001. godine. -MSN Messenger 5 Izdat 24. oktobra 2002. godine. -MSN Messenger 6 Izdat 17. jula 2003. godine. -MSN Messenger 6.1 Izdat 23. oktobra 2003. godine. -MSN Messenger 6.2 Izdat 22. aprila 2004. godine. -MSN Messenger 7.0 Izdat 7. aprila 2005. godine. -MSN Messenger 7.5 Izdat 23. augusta 2005. godine. Windows Live Messenger (sing in prozor) -Windows Live Messenger 5 2. Skype je poznati instant messaging program, tj. program za brzo internetsko dopisivanje. Osnovali su ga Šveđani Niklas Zennström and Dane Janus Friis. Preko Skype-a je moguće komunicirati pisanim porukama, internetskim pozivima i telefonskim pozivima. Takođe, moguće je pokretati i video pozive. Moguća je i razmjena podataka (datoteka), slanje kontakata, slanje novca na račun, mijenjanje izgleda prozora, mijenjanje slike za prikaz, mijenjanje zvukova i još mnogo toga. Neželjeni kontakti mogu biti izbrisani. Razgovori sa drugim korisnicima preko Skype-a su besplatni, dok se pozivi prema međunarodnim linijama naplaćuju. Skype jednim dijelom posjeduje kompanija E-bay, a većina Skype tima se nalazi u Tallinnu u Estoniji. Skype je 2009. godine imao 521 milion korisnika. 6 Skype je omogućio svojim korisnicima da postave svoj ID za pozive prema telefonskim brojevima, ali to vrijedi samo za mobilne mreže jer set-up verifikacija uključuje slanje SMS poruke, a preko SkypeIn (beta) moguće je primati telefonske pozive na svoj računar sa Skype osiguranim brojem. Skype nudi brojeve u: Australiji, Čileu, Danskoj, Estoniji, Finskoj, Francuskoj, Njemačkoj, Mađarskoj, Irskoj, Italiji, Japanu, Koreji, Meksiku, Malti, Holandiji, Hovom Zelandu, Poljskoj, Rumuniji, Švajcarskoj, Švedskoj, Južnoj Africi, Hong Kong-u, Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Pokretanje telefonskog poziva preko Skype programa Skype program postoji skoro na svim modernim operativnim sistemima: -Na Linuxu zadnja verzija je 2.0.0.72 -Na Windowsima zadnja verzija je 4.1.0.179 -Na Mac OS X-u zadnja verzija je 2.8.0.438 7 3. AOL Instant Messenger: Instant messaging (IM) je program koji se koristi u realnom vremenu. Moguće su tekstualne komunikacije između dve ili više osobe preko interneta, ili druge vrste mreža. Od važnosti je da se online chat i instant messaging razlikuje od drugih tehnologija, kao što su e-mail, zbog uočenog sinkroniciteta za komunikacije od strane korisnika. Neki sistemi dopuštaju da se pošalje poruka ljudima koji trenutno nisu na mreži. Time se uklanjaju neke od razlika između IM i e-mail (često obavlja slanje poruke sa povezanim e-mail računom). IM omogućuje efikasnu komunikaciju. U mnogim slučajevima instant messaging uključuje dodatne funkcije koje ga mogu učiniti još popularnijim. Na primjer, korisnici mogu vidjeti jedni druge uz pomoć web kamere, ili izravno razgovarati besplatno putem interneta pomoću mikrofona i slušalica ili zvučnika. Mnogi programi omogućavaju dobar prenos datoteka , iako su obično ograničene veličine tih datoteka. Obično je moguće sačuvati tekst razgovora za kasniju komunikaciju. Instant poruke često su sačuvane u istoriji komunikacije, što je slično e-mailu. 8 4. Yahoo Messenger (skraćenice su YIM, Yim i Y!M) je popularni chat program za privatnu komunikaciju i slanje poruka osobi koja koristi mrežu priključenu na Yahoo!, bez obzira u kojoj državi svijeta se nalazi, a moguća je komunikacija i s više osoba. Uz Yahoo! Messenger neki koriste i Yahoo! Mail, pomoću kojeg se automatski može primiti e-mail. Yahoo! Messenger napravio je Yahoo!. Pomoću njega moguća je bilo kakva vrsta komunikacije, odnosno PC-PC, PC-mobilni telefon i mobilni telefon- PC server, a uključene su i opcije za datoteke (za njihovo prenošenje i dijeljenje), audio prevod zvučnih signala, chat u varijantnim kategorijama, odijeljenje za slanje poruka itd. Najpopularnij metod komuniciranja na Yahoo! Messengeru je slanje istovremenih poruka, a u popisima korisnika moguće je dodati još nekoliko korisnika. Pored svakog korisnika upisanog u popisu "smajlijem" je obilježen njihov status, tj. je li osoba (ili korisnik) u to vrijeme aktivna, neaktivna i sl. Yahoo! Messenger izdat je pod svojim originalnim imenom Yahoo! Pager 3. marta 1998. godine. Yahoo! Messenger kao chat program može se instalirati na Windows i Mac kompjuter. 9 5. X-Chat ili XChat, je popularni Internet Relay Chat (IRC) program. Dostupan je za Unix-like operativni sistem, Microsoft Windows (sa dodacima), Mac OS X (X-Chat Aqua). Ima podršku za višestruke servere. Obadve komandne linije i grafičke verzije su dostupne. Glavna šifra je licencirana pod GNU opštom javnom licencom, ali službena verzija Windows je shareware, a koristi GTK + toolkit za svoj interface. X-Chat je također preporučeni program za pristup IRC kanalu, iz nekoliko razloga: -besplatan je, -otvorenog koda, -radi na većini danas pravljenih operativnih sistema, -podržava UTF-8 znakovlje, dakle moguće je komunicirati bez problema s korisnicima koji ne pišu latinicom (naravno, ukoliko na svome računaru imate instalirane potrebne fontove). 10 6. ICQ je kompjuterski program, koji se prvi razvio i popularizovao od strane izraelske kompanije Mirabilis, a zatim ga kupio America Online, a od aprila 2010. hodine je u vlasništvu Mail.ru Group. Ime ICQ je srkaćenica za frazu "I seek you". Prva verzija programa objavljena je u novembru 1996. godine. ICQ je postao prvi Internet-wide program za ćaskanje, a kasnije patentiranje tehnologije. U aprilu 2010. godine, AOL je prodao ICQ Mail.ru Grup-u za 187,5 miliona dolara. Prema Time Warner-u, ICQ ima više od 100 miliona registrovanih naloga. Zadnja verzija je ICQ 7.2 Build 3129. Izdana 8. juna 2010. godine. ICQ se može instalirati na Windows, Macintosh i mobilne telefone. 11 7. Google Talk (GTalk) je besplatna Windows i web instant message apilikacija kreirana od strane Google Inc.-a. Prva verzija programa, izašla je 24. avgusta 2005. godine. Instant poruka između Google Talk servera i njegovog korisnika koristi otvoreni protocol, XMPP koji omogućuje drugim XMPP korisnicima komunikaciju sa drugim korisnicima Google Talk-a. VoIP (voice over internet protocol) u Google Talk-u, baziran je na Jingle protocol. GTalk je dostupan samo za Microsoft Windows (2000, XP, Server 2003i Vistu),a kod korisnika preko mobilnih telefona, za BlackBerry, iPhone i T-Mobile G1.
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