DOCSLIB.ORG

Opisthorchis Viverrini Infection in Bithynia Snail Habitat Courtney C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Opisthorchis Viverrini Infection in Bithynia Snail Habitat Courtney C Nawrocki et al. Parasites & Vectors (2019) 12:66 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3313-2 SHORTREPORT Open Access Culture of fecal indicator bacteria from snail intestinal tubes as a tool for assessing the risk of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Bithynia snail habitat Courtney C. Nawrocki1, Nadda Kiatsopit2,3, Jutamas Namsanor2,3, Paiboon Sithithaworn2,3 and Elizabeth J. Carlton1* Abstract Background: Like many trematodes of human health significance, the carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, is spread via fecal contamination of snail habitat. Methods for assessing snail exposure to fecal waste can improve our ability to identify snail infection hotspots and potential sources of snail infections. We evaluated the feasibility of culturing fecal indicator bacteria from Bithynia snail intestinal tubes as a method for assessing snail exposure to fecal waste. Snails and water samples were collected from a site with a historically high prevalence of O. viverrini infected snails (“hotspot” site) and a site with historically no infected snails (“non-hotspot” site) on two sampling days. Snails were tested for O. viverrini and a stratified random sample of snails from each site was selected for intestinal tube removal and culture of gut contents for the fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli. Water samples were tested for E. coli and nearby households were surveyed to assess sources of fecal contamination. Results: At the hotspot site, 26 of 2833 Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails were infected with O. viverrini compared to 0 of 1421 snails at the non-hotspot site. A total of 186 snails were dissected and cultured. Escherichia coli were detected in the guts of 20% of uninfected snails, 4% of O. viverrini-positive snails and 8% of snails not examined for cercarial infection at the hotspot site. Only one of 75 snails from the non-hotspot site was positive for E. coli. Accounting for sampling weights, snails at the hotspot site were more likely to have gut E. coli than snails from the non-hotspot site. The concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in surface water was higher at the hotspot vs non-hotspot site on only the first sampling day. Conclusions: Fecal indicator bacteria can be detected in the intestinal tubes of Bithynia snails. The presence of fecal indicator bacteria in Bithynia snail guts may indicate risk of O. viverrini infection in snail populations. This method has the potential to aid in identifying locations and time windows of peak snail infection risk and may be applicable to other trematodes of human-health significance. Keywords: Opisthorchis viverrini, Liver fluke, Bithynia, E. coli, Fecal indicator bacteria, Dissection * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Nawrocki et al. Parasites & Vectors (2019) 12:66 Page 2 of 8 Background in and around snail habitat. Fecal indicator bacteria such Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne, trematode parasite as Escherichia coli are appropriate indicators of fecal that is endemic in Southeast Asia including parts of contamination due to their presence in the typical gut Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Lao PDR. Approxi- microflora of humans and other animals. Kaewkes et al. mately 10 million people are infected, primarily rural [15] found that concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria farmers who consume raw or undercooked cyprinid fish, in water collected from snail habitat can be linked to which harbor the parasite [1]. Opisthorchis viverrini causes temporal and spatial patterns of snail infections. Recent cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly fatal cancer in studies have used this approach to define pathways by endemic regions, and heavy infection is associated with a which poor sanitation [16, 17], landscape characteristics range of hepatobiliary complications [2, 3]. Due to its [17] and snail habitat type [18] impact fecal contamin- public health impact, opisthorchiasis and CCA have re- ation of Bithynia snail habitat. However, these recent ceived considerable attention from the scientific commu- studies have found few or no infected snails at their nity [4–6]. Recent progress has been made, particularly in sampling sites [16–18], which makes it challenging to the areas of the epidemiology of human infection and link these potential infection pathways to actual snail pathogenesis [7]. It is also known that O. viverrini is a spe- infections. cies complex consisting of at least two cryptic species in Another potential method for assessing snail exposure Thailand and Lao PDR which are related to biological is through examination of snail gut flora. Snail gut dis- characteristics of the parasites [8–10]. Recently O. viver- section has been used to study microflora in terrestrial rini from Sakon Nakhon, in northeast Thailand, were dis- edible snails Cornu aspersum and Helix pomatia and the covered as another cryptic species distinct from other aquatic snail Pomacea canaliculata [19–22]. Dissection isolates in Thailand and Lao PDR [11]. The snail inter- and culture of gut contents proves an effective way of mediate host, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, has been characterizing gut bacteria when done aseptically. This shown to contain distinct cryptic species [12]. However, method has the potential to be used to measure fecal in- less is known about the risk factors for O. viverrini infec- dicator bacteria in the guts of Bithynia snails. Bithynia tions in these snails, and this information may be crucial snails become infected with O. viverrini when they eat to the long-term control and elimination of this disease. the parasite egg, which is shed in the stool of definitive We are interested in methods for assessing snail ex- hosts. Thus, culture of gut contents has the potential to posure to fecal waste as a means of identifying snail provide a direct measure of snail exposure to fecal habitat that is likely playing a key role in disease trans- waste. mission. Like many trematode parasites of human health The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibil- significance including schistosomes, Fasciola spp., Para- ity of snail gut dissection and culture of fecal indicator gonimus spp. and Clonorchis sinensis, eggs of O. viverrini bacteria as a tool for assessing the risk of O. viverrini in- are shed in the stool of humans and other competent fections in Bithynia snail habitat. We field-tested the mammalian hosts and the parasite requires a snail host method in two locations: a suspected snail infection hot- to complete part of the developmental process before spot and an area where snail infection risk was expected reaching a stage infectious to humans (O. viverrini must to be low, and validated these classifications through additionally infect cyprinid fish). Fecal contamination of snail infection testing. We tested water samples for fecal snail habitat is a necessary condition for transmission of indicator bacteria in parallel, allowing us to compare the these parasites. Snail infection prevalence is often below methods. To our knowledge, this is the first reported ap- 1% in endemic areas [13], although members of our plication of culture of snail gut fecal indicator bacteria in group have reported on snail infection hotspots where the context of O. viverrini surveillance. the prevalence of O. viverrini infection in Bithynia snails was as high as 8% [14]. This spatial heterogeneity in Methods snail infections raises interesting questions about the This study was conducted in Sakon Nakhon Province in causes of such patterns and underscores the need for northeastern Thailand, where O. viverrini is endemic. tools to distinguish high and low risk areas for snail Two distinct study locations were selected, one where the infection. Methods for assessing snail exposure to fecal research team had consistently found infected snails in the waste can improve our ability to identify likely snail in- past (the “hotspot site”) and another where they had not fection hotspots, and better define the conditions under (the “non-hotspot site”), in order to allow comparison of which humans and other mammals contribute to snail snail exposure methods in sites with high vs low risk of O. infections and thus propagate the O. viverrini transmis- viverrini infection. Both sites are rice paddies, located ap- sion cycle. proximately 39 km apart. The low risk site is located in One method for assessing snail exposure is through Phanna Nikhom District, Na Nai sub-district. This site is measurement of fecal indicator bacteria in surface water relatively isolated: there are no major villages nearby, the Nawrocki et al. Parasites & Vectors (2019) 12:66 Page 3 of 8 road to the site had little traffic and no bovines were ob- contamination from other snail tissues. Each intestinal served during sampling. The hotspot site was located in tube sample was then diluted with 1 ml of physiological Phang Khon District, an area where snail infection hot- solution in an Eppendorf tube and vortexed for several spots had previously been documented [14]. This site is in seconds to release the contents of the tube. A 1 ml ali- the Hai Yong sub-district. In contrast to the first site, the quot of solution was then plated onto E.coli/Coliform hotspot site is adjacent to a nearby village, with the closest Count Petrifilms (3M, St.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Laboratory Studies on Host-Parasite Relationship of Bithynia Snails and the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis Viverrini
    LABORATORY STUDIES ON HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP OF BITHYNIA SNAILS AND THE LIVER FLUKE, OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI Arunwadee Chanawong* and Jitra Waikagul Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Abstract. The infection rate of Bithynia snails to Opisihorchis viverrini eggs was studied in relation to exposure intensity, age and species of host. It was found that 50 miracidial eggs per snail yielded the highest percentage of living surviving positive snails. Bithynia funiculata and Bithynia siamensis siamensis were highly susceptible to O. viverrini, about four to seven times higher than Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos. Young snails, 1-3 months old, appeared more susceptible than old snails. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis Snails: Laboratory bred and uninfected field­ viverrini is endemic in the northeast of Thailand collected B. Juniculata (Bf), B. s. goniomphalos where raw fish is a favorite dish of the local people. (Bsg) and B. s. siamensis (Bss) were used in this This fluke utilizes freshwater fishes, especially study. Laboratory bred snails (immature) were 1-3 cyprinoid fish, as the second intermediate host and months old, measuring 2-4 mm long and 1.5-2.5 Bithynia snails as the first intermediate host. mm wide, while the field-collected snails (mature) Three taxa of Bithynia have been reported as the measured 6-10 mm long and 4-7 mm wide. The sources of infection in different geographical field snails were determined to be free of cercariae habitats; Bithynia Juniculata in the north, B. through weekly observation for at least three siamensis goniomphalos in the northeast and months.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Transmission of Opisthorchis Viverrini Sensu Lato and a Lecithodendriid Trematode Species in Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos Snails in Northeast Thailand
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 93(1), 2015, pp. 87–93 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0639 Copyright © 2015 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Seasonal Transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato and a Lecithodendriid Trematode Species in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos Snails in Northeast Thailand Jutamas Namsanor, Paiboon Sithithaworn,* Kulthida Kopolrat, Nadda Kiatsopit, Opal Pitaksakulrat, Smarn Tesana, Ross H. Andrews, and Trevor N. Petney Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center (LFCRC), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Institute of Zoology 1: Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom Abstract. Seasonal changes play roles in the transmission success of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT). This study examined the seasonal transmission patterns of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.) and a virgulate cercaria (family Lecithodendriidae) in the snail intermediate host, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Snail samples were collected monthly during the rainy, cool, and hot seasons during 2012–2013 to determine the prevalence and intensity of larval trematode infections. The prevalence of O. viverrini s.l. varied significantly with season, being 0.31%, 1.05%, and 0.37% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P < 0.05). Similarly, the prevalence of virgulate cercariae was 3.11%, 6.80%, and 1.64% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P < 0.05). The intensity of larval trematode infections also varied between seasons and peaked in the hot season (P < 0.05) in both species.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from SRA)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/457770; this version posted October 31, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Deep gastropod relationships resolved 1 2 2 Tauana Junqueira Cunha and Gonzalo Giribet Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 1Corresponding author: [email protected] | orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-2117 [email protected] | orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8429 3 4 Abstract 5 Gastropod mollusks are arguably the most diverse and abundant animals in the oceans, and are 6 successful colonizers of terrestrial and freshwater environments. Here we resolve deep relationships between 7 the five major gastropod lineages - Caenogastropoda, Heterobranchia, Neritimorpha, Patellogastropoda 8 and Vetigastropoda - with highly congruent and supported phylogenomic analyses. We expand taxon 9 sampling for underrepresented lineages with new transcriptomes, and conduct analyses accounting for the 10 most pervasive sources of systematic errors in large datasets, namely compositional heterogeneity, site 11 heterogeneity, heterotachy, variation in evolutionary rates among genes, matrix completeness and gene 12 tree conflict. We find that vetigastropods and patellogastropods are sister taxa, and that neritimorphs 13 are the sister group to caenogastropods and heterobranchs. With this topology, we reject the traditional 14 Archaeogastropoda, which united neritimorphs, vetigastropods and patellogastropods, and is still used in 15 the organization of collections of many natural history museums.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitats and Trematode Infection of Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos in Udon Thani Province, Thailand
    BITHYNIA SIAMENSIS GONIOMPHALOS HABITAT AND TREMATODE INFECTION HABITATS AND TREMATODE INFECTION OF BITHYNIA SIAMENSIS GONIOMPHALOS IN UDON THANI PROVINCE, THAILAND Jutharat Kulsantiwong1, Sattrachai Prasopdee2, Nipawan Labbunruang1, Monticha Chaiyasaeng3 and Smarn Tesana3 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani; 2Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani; 3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Abstract. Determination of prevalence of trematode infection in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, the first intermediate host of Opisthorchis viverrini, was conducted from May 2014 to December 2015. Snails were collected from seven districts, namely, Kumphawapi, Kut Chap, Mueang Udon Thani, Nong Han, Nong Wua So, Phibun Rak and Prachaksinlapakhom, in Udon Thani Province, Thailand. B. siamensis goniomphalos snails were identified morphologically and examined for trematode infection by cercarial shedding. Seven hundred and sixty-four of 34,667 snails were infected with trematodes. Nine types of O. viverrni cercariae were identified, namely, amphistome, armatae, cystocercous, furcocercous, mono- stome, pleurolophocercous, virgulate, and unknown. The highest prevalent type of trematode infection was virgulate (11.53%), followed by armatae (1.35%). The prevalence of O. viverrini infection in Phibun Rak, Nong Wua So, and Kut Chap District was 0.22%, 0.08%, and 0.02%, respectively. Higher percent trematode infec- tion was in small size snails (2-6 mm) than medium size snails (6.1-10 mm) (73.54% and 26.00%, respectively). Male snails were more infected (82%) than females (17%). Snails were most commonly found in water with pH 7.7 ± 1.0, dissolved oxygen content 3.2 ± 1.7 mg/l, salt concentration 0.09 ± 0.12 ppt, conductivity 1.7 ± 0.1 mS/cm, and total dissolved solids 275.0 ± 0.2 mg/l.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10 Freshwater Mollusca
    Chapter 10 Freshwater Mollusca The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest animal phyla next to the phylum Arthropoda. The name mollusca indicates their soft body characteristic. There are six classes: Polyplacophora (chitons), Monoplacophora, Gastropoda (snails and their relatives), Pelecypoda (bivalves) and Cephalopoda (squids, octopus and nautiluses). Some members of Gastropoda and Pelecypoda occur in freshwater where they are diverse and important components in freshwater habitats. General structure and function The body consists of a head-foot portion and a visceral mass portion (Fig. 1). The head-foot is the more active area containing the feeding, sensory and locomotion organs. Within the mouth of many molluscs is the radula. The radula is a ribbon-like series of rows of tiny teeth that point backward. Each row of teeth has teeth of three types; rachis (central), lateral and marginal teeth (Fig. 2). The number of each tooth type varies among species and aids species level identification in some gastropods. When the radula is protruded, the snail can scrape, pierce, tear or cut food materials. The visceral mass is the portion containing digestive, circulatory, respiratory and reproductive organs. The mantle is a sheet of tissue produced from the dorsal body wall. The space between the mantle and body wall is called the mantle cavity. It houses the gills (ctenidia) or lungs, and in most molluscs the mantle secretes the shell. The shell protects the soft visceral mass portion. Shell secretion is a continuous process throughout the life of shelled molluscs. The shell consists of three layers: the outer, thin horny layer, or periostracum; the middle, thick prismatic layer laid down on a protein matrix; and the inner, thin calcium carbonate sheets laid down over a thin protein matrix, or the nacreous layer (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Includes Abstracts of the
    Number 65 (August 2015) The Malacologist Page 1 NUMBER 65 AUGUST 2015 Contents EDITORIAL …………………………….. ............................2 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING—SPRING 2015 Annual Report of Council ...........................................................21 NOTICES ………………………………………………….2 Election of officers ………………………………………….....24 RESEARCH GRANT REPORTS Molecular phylogeny of Chaetodermomorpha (=Caudofoveata) EUROMOL CONFERENCE Programme in retrospect ……………………………………….….25 (Mollusca). Conference Abstracts - Oral presentations………………….....26 Nina Mikkelsen …………………………….………………..4 - Poster presentations ……………...…..53 The Caribbean shipworm Teredothyra dominicensis (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) has invaded and established breeding populations FORTHCOMING MEETINGS …………………………….…..... 72 in the Mediterranean Sea. Molluscan Forum .......................................................................72 J. Reuben Shipway, Luisa Borges, Johann Müller GRANTS AND AWARDS OF THE SOCIETY.............................76 & Simon Cragg ……………………………………………….7 MEMBERSHIP NOTICES ………………………………………....77 ANNUAL AWARD Evolution of chloroplast sequestration in Sacoglossa (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) Gregor Christa ...……………………………………………....10 AGM CONFERENCE Programme in retrospect Planktic Gastropods ……………...….12 Conference Abstracts - Oral presentations………………….....13 - Poster presentations …………….....…18 Includes abstracts of the .. Images from The heart of a dragon: extraordinary circulatory system of the scaly-foot gastropod revealed Chong Chen, Jonathan Copley, Katrin Linse,
    [Show full text]
  • Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos, the First Intermediate Host of Opisthorchis Viverrini in Thailand
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015; 8(10): 779–783 779 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine journal homepage: http://ees.elsevier.com/apjtm Review http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.002 Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, the first intermediate host of Opisthorchis viverrini in Thailand Supawadee Piratae* Department of Veterinary and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains as medically Received 15 Jul 2015 important problem in Thailand especially in the north-eastern part. Infection with this Received in revised form 20 Aug parasite can lead to cholangiocarcinoma improvement. The highest prevalence of 2015 O. viverrini infection has been found in the Northeast Thailand and is associated with the Accepted15Sep2015 high incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma. To complete the life cycle of O. viverrini, the Available online 25 Sep 2015 freshwater snails namely Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis and Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (B. s. goniomphalos) are required to serve as the first interme- diate host. Within these snails group, B. s. goniomphalos is distributed concisely in Keywords: northeast Thailand and acts as the majority snail that transmitted the opisthorchiasis in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos this region. This study described the information of B. s. goniomphalos which research Opisthorchis viverrini are needed for understanding the biology, distribution, transmission and factors influ- Bithyniid snails encing on the infection of the snail vector of this carcinogenic parasite. Cercarial infection 1. Introduction approximately 18 species act as its secondary intermediate host.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Investigation of Bithynia Funiculata, Intermediate Host of Opisthorchis Viverrini in Northern Thailand
    SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH FIELD INVESTIGATION OF BITHYNIA FUNICULATA, INTERMEDIATE HOST OF OPISTHORCHIS VIVERRINI IN NORTHERN THAILAND Radchadawan Ngern-klun1, Kabkaew L Sukontason1, Smarn Tesana2, Duanghatai Sripakdee1, Kim N Irvine3 and Kom Sukontason1 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai; 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 3Department of Geography and Planning, Buffalo State, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. A survey of freshwater snail, Bithynia funiculata, was conducted in four locations, Doi Saket, Mueang, Saraphi and Mae Rim Districts of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, between June and October, during the rainy season of 2004. A total of 2,240 snails was col- lected and classified into 7 families and 15 genera; of which 352 B. funiculata were obtained. B. funiculata was found most abundant in July and September. The infection rate of trematode cercariae in B. funiculata was 9.6% (19/352), while that of pleurolophocercous was 0.3% (1/352). Virgulate cercaria was the most common type, followed by lophocercous, monostome and pleurolophocercous. B. funiculata prefers habitats with clear water, which was less than 30 cm depth, temperatures between 24.48 and 31.78ºC, dissolved oxygen 2.03-7.66 mg/l, saturated dissolved oxygen 26.70-95.00%, conductivity 0.000-0.2642 mS/cm, turbidity 16.00- 288.00 NTU and pH 6.58-7.56. Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis using loose soil mixed with clay revealed that the breeding grounds of this snail species was in the paddy fields and village environs of the Ping, Kuang and Fang river basins.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Parasitic Zoonoses in a Changing Southeast Asia
    Veterinary Parasitology 182 (2011) 22–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Review A review of parasitic zoonoses in a changing Southeast Asia a,∗ b c,d e,f James V. Conlan , Banchob Sripa , Stephen Attwood , Paul N. Newton a School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia b Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand c State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China d Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom e Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos f Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: Parasitic zoonoses are common and widely distributed in the Southeast Asian region. How- Zoonosis ever, the interactions between parasites, hosts and vectors are influenced by environmental, Taeniasis socio-cultural and livestock production changes that impact on the distribution, prevalence Trichinellosis and severity of disease. In this review we provide an update on new knowledge in the Food-borne trematodes context of ongoing changes for the food-borne pig associated zoonoses Taenia solium and Schistosomiasis Trichinella spp., the food-borne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, the Plasmodium knowlesi Leishmaniasis water-borne trematodes Schistosoma spp., the vector-borne zoonotic protozoa Plasmodium Zoonotic hookworm knowlesi and Leishmania spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Soil Surface Salt on the Density and Distribution of the Snail Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos in Northeast Thailand
    Geospatial Health 5(2), 2011, pp. 183-190 Effect of soil surface salt on the density and distribution of the snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand Apiporn Suwannatrai1, Kulwadee Suwannatrai1, Surat Haruay1, Supawadee Piratae1, Chalida Thammasiri1, Panita Khampoosa1, Jutharat Kulsantiwong1, Sattrachai Prasopdee1, Pairat Tarbsripair2, Rasamee Suwanwerakamtorn3, Somsak Sukchan4, Thidarut Boonmars1, John B. Malone5, Michael T. Kearney5, Smarn Tesana1 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine; 2Department of Biology and 3Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; 4Office of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Land Development Department, Paholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; 5Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Abstract. Opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with human cholangiocarcinoma and northeast Thailand has the highest incidence of this disease in the world. Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos is the major freshwater snail intermediate host of O. viverrini in this area and an analysis based on geographical information systems was used to determine the effect of variation in soil surface salt on the density and distribution of this snail. A malacological survey was carried out in 56 water bodies in the Khorat basin, northeast Thailand at locations with various soil surface salt levels. Mollusk samples were collected from 10 ecologically representative water body sites with 10-20 sampling stations in each. The shoreline of clear, shallow water bodies was found to be the preferred B. s. goniomphalos habitat. The snails were exclusively found in water with salinity levels ranging between 0.05 and 22.11 parts per thousand (ppt), which supports the notion that B.
    [Show full text]
  • Very Low Prevalence of Opisthorchis Viverrini S.L. Cercariae in Bithynia
    Parasite 28, 2 (2021) Ó P. Rachprakhon & W. Purivirojkul, published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020072 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Very low prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. cercariae in Bithynia siamensis siamensis snails from the canal network system in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand Phuphitchan Rachprakhon and Watchariya Purivirojkul* Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bang Khen Campus, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand Received 22 July 2020, Accepted 11 December 2020, Published online 8 January 2021 Abstract – The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. is associated with a long-term public health problem in Thailand. However, O. viverrini s.l. infection in Bithynia snails in the canal network system (CNS) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) has never been assessed. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of B. siamensis siamensis and the prevalence of O. viverrini s.l. infection in this snail in the CNS in BMR along with morphological examination and molecular analyses on O. viverrini s.l. cercariae. The snails were randomly sampled from the CNS in all BMR areas from January 2018 to July 2019. Snail specimens were identified and examined for digenean infection by shedding and dissection. The cercariae were identified using morphology and molecular methods, including PCR with a species-specific primer and a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 sequences. Bithynia siamensis siamensis was found in almost all sampling localities, with different quantities and detected frequencies. From a total of 7473 B. s. siamensis specimens, O.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Distinctness of Bithynia Cettinensis Clessin, 1887 and B
    Folia Malacol. 27(2): 111–118 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.013 SPECIES DISTINCTNESS OF BITHYNIA CETTINENSIS CLESSIN, 1887 AND B. ZETA GLÖER ET PEŠIĆ, 2007 (CAENOGASTROPODA: TRUNCATELLOIDEA) Vladimir Pešić1, SEBASTIAN HOFMAN2, ALEKSANDRA RYSIEWSKA3, ARTUR OSIKOWSKI4, ANDRZEJ FALNIOWSKI3* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put b.b., 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro 2Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-3055 3Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland (e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]); AR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-9696, AF https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-6857 4Department of Animal Anatomy, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2687 *corresponding author ABSTRACT: Shells of Bithynia: widely distributed B. tentaculata (Linnaeus), Balkan B. cettinensis Clessin from Cetina River in Croatia, and B. zeta Glöer et Pešić from Vitoja spring at Lake Skadar, Montenegro, as well as male genitalia of B. zeta and B. cettinensis were examined. The shells of all three taxa are similar, also the penes differ only slightly. The mean value of the length ratio of the tubular penial gland (measured along its curvature) to the penis right arm, measured along the curvature of its right margin, was 1.63 for B.
    [Show full text]