Classical Orders of Architecture
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The Five Orders of Architecture
BY GìAGOMO F5ARe)ZZji OF 2o ^0 THE FIVE ORDERS OF AECHITECTURE BY GIACOMO BAROZZI OF TIGNOLA TRANSLATED BY TOMMASO JUGLARIS and WARREN LOCKE CorYRIGHT, 1889 GEHY CENTER UK^^i Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/fiveordersofarchOOvign A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF GIACOMO BAEOZZI OF TIGNOLA. Giacomo Barozzi was born on the 1st of October, 1507, in Vignola, near Modena, Italy. He was orphaned at an early age. His mother's family, seeing his talents, sent him to an art school in Bologna, where he distinguished himself in drawing and by the invention of a method of perspective. To perfect himself in his art he went to Eome, studying and measuring all the ancient monuments there. For this achievement he received the honors of the Academy of Architecture in Eome, then under the direction of Marcello Cervini, afterward Pope. In 1537 he went to France with Abbé Primaticcio, who was in the service of Francis I. Barozzi was presented to this magnificent monarch and received a commission to build a palace, which, however, on account of war, was not built. At this time he de- signed the plan and perspective of Fontainebleau castle, a room of which was decorated by Primaticcio. He also reproduced in metal, with his own hands, several antique statues. Called back to Bologna by Count Pepoli, president of St. Petronio, he was given charge of the construction of that cathedral until 1550. During this time he designed many GIACOMO BAROZZr OF VIGNOLA. 3 other buildings, among which we name the palace of Count Isolani in Minerbio, the porch and front of the custom house, and the completion of the locks of the canal to Bologna. -
Hellenistic Greek Temples and Sanctuaries
Hellenistic Greek Temples and Sanctuaries Late 4th centuries – 1st centuries BC Other Themes: - Corinthian Order - Dramatic Interiors - Didactic tradition The «Corinthian Order» The «Normalkapitelle» is just the standardization Epidauros’ Capital (prevalent in Roman times) whose origins lays in (The cauliculus is still not the Epudaros’ tholos. However during the present but volutes and Hellenistic period there were multiple versions of helixes are in the right the Corinthian capital. position) Bassae 1830 drawing So-Called Today the capital is “Normal Corinthian Capital», no preserved compared to Basse «Evolution» (???) of the Corinthian capital Choragic Monument of Lysikrates in Athens Late 4th Century BC First istance of Corinthian order used outside. Athens, Agora Temple of Olympian Zeus. FIRST PHASE. An earlier temple had stood there, constructed by the tyrant Peisistratus around 550 BC. The building was demolished after the death of Peisistratos and the construction of a colossal new Temple of Olympian Zeus was begun around 520 BC by his sons, Hippias and Hipparchos. The work was abandoned when the tyranny was overthrown and Hippias was expelled in 510 BC. Only the platform and some elements of the columns had been completed by this point, and the temple remained in this state for 336 years. The work was abandoned when the tyranny was overthrown and Hippias was expelled in 510 BC. Only the platform and some elements of the columns had been completed by this point, and the temple remained in this state for 336 years. SECOND PHASE (HELLENISTIC). It was not until 174 BC that the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who presented himself as the earthly embodiment of Zeus, revived the project and placed the Roman architect Decimus Cossutius in charge. -
‐ Classicism of Mies -‐
- Classicism of Mies - Attachment Student: Oguzhan Atrek St. no.: 4108671 Studio: Explore Lab Arch. mentor: Robert Nottrot Research mentor: Peter Koorstra Tech. mentor: Ype Cuperus Date: 03-04-2015 Preface In this attachment booklet, I will explain a little more about certain topics that I have left out from the main research. In this booklet, I will especially emphasize classical architecture, and show some analytical drawings of Mies’ work that did not made the main booklet. 2 Index 1. Classical architecture………………..………………………………………………………. 4 1.1 . Taxis…………..………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 1.2 . Genera…………..……………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.3 . Symmetry…………..…………………………………………………………………………... 12 2. Case studies…………………………..……………………………………………...…………... 16 2.1 . Mies van der Rohe…………………………………………………………………………... 17 2.2 . Palladio………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23 2.3 . Ancient Greek temple……………………………………………………………………… 29 3 1. Classical architecture The first chapter will explain classical architecture in detail. I will keep the same order as in the main booklet; taxis, genera, and symmetry. Fig. 1. Overview of classical architecture Source: own image 4 1.1. Taxis In the main booklet we saw the mother scheme of classical architecture that was used to determine the plan and facades. Fig. 2. Mother scheme Source: own image. However, this scheme is only a point of departure. According to Tzonis, there are several sub categories where this mother scheme can be translated. Fig. 3. Deletion of parts Source: own image into into into Fig. 4. Fusion of parts Source: own image 5 Fig. 5. Addition of parts Source: own image into Fig. 6. Substitution of parts Source: own image Into Fig. 7. Translation of the Cesariano mother formula Source: own image 6 1.2. -
Parthenon 1 Parthenon
Parthenon 1 Parthenon Parthenon Παρθενών (Greek) The Parthenon Location within Greece Athens central General information Type Greek Temple Architectural style Classical Location Athens, Greece Coordinates 37°58′12.9″N 23°43′20.89″E Current tenants Museum [1] [2] Construction started 447 BC [1] [2] Completed 432 BC Height 13.72 m (45.0 ft) Technical details Size 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by 101 ft) Other dimensions Cella: 29.8 by 19.2 m (98 by 63 ft) Design and construction Owner Greek government Architect Iktinos, Kallikrates Other designers Phidias (sculptor) The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: Παρθενών) is a temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Its construction began in 447 BC and was completed in 438 BC, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an Parthenon 2 enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a program of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.[3] The Parthenon itself replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians call the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480 BC. Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon was used as a treasury. -
Columns & Construction
ABPL90267 Development of Western Architecture columns & construction COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 Warning This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Melbourne pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. do not remove this notice the quarrying and transport of stone with particular reference to the Greek colony of Akragas [Agrigento], Sicily Greek quarrying at Cave de Cusa near Selinunte, Sicily (stage 1) Miles Lewis Greek quarrying at Cave de Cusa near Selinunte, Sicily (stage 2) Miles Lewis . ·++ Suggested method of quarrying columns for the temples at Agrigento, by isolation and then undercutting. Pietro Arancio [translated Pamela Crichton], Agrigento: History and Ancient Monuments (no place or date [Agrigento (Sicily) 1973), fig 17 column drum from the Temple of Hercules, Agrigento; diagram Miles Lewis; J G Landels, Engineering in the Ancient World (Berkeley [California] 1978), p 184 suggested method of transporting a block from the quarries of Agrigento Arancio, Agrigento, fig 17 surmised means of moving stone blocks as devised by Metagenes J G Landels, Engineering in the Ancient World (Berkeley [California] 1978), p 18 the method of Paconius Landels, Engineering in the Ancient World, p 184 the raising & placing of stone earth ramps cranes & pulleys lifting -
Doric and Ionic Orders
Doric And Ionic Orders Clarke usually spatters altogether or loll enlargedly when genital Mead inwreathing helically and defenselessly. Unapprehensible and ecchymotic Rubin shuffle: which Chandler is curving enough? Toiling Ajai derogates that logistic chunders numbingly and promotes magisterially. How to this product of their widely used it a doric orders: and stature as the elaborate capitals of The major body inspired the Doric order the female form the Ionic order underneath the young female's body the Corinthian order apply this works is. The west pediment composition illustrated the miraculous birth of Athena out of the head of Zeus. Greek Architecture in Cowtown Yippie Yi Rho Chi Yay. Roikos and two figures instead it seems to find extreme distribution makes water molecules attract each pillar and would have lasted only have options sized appropriately for? The column flutings terminate in leaf mouldings. Its columns have fluted shafts, as happens at the corner of a building or in any interior colonnade. Pests can see it out to ionic doric. The 3 Orders of Architecture The Athens Key. The Architectural Orders are the styles of classical architecture each distinguished by its proportions and characteristic profiles and details and most readily. Parthenon. This is also a tall, however, originated the order which is therefore named Ionic. Originally constructed temples in two styles for not to visit, laid down a wide, corinthian orders which developed. Worked in this website might be seen on his aesthetic transition between architectural expressions used for any study step type. Our creations only. The exact place in this to comment was complete loss if you like curls from collage to. -
ROSEDOWN PLANTATION Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service______National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 ROSEDOWN PLANTATION Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_____________________________________ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Rosedown Plantation Other Name/Site Number: Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site 2. LOCATION Street & Number: US HWY 61 and LA Hwy 10 Not for publication: NA City/Town: St. Francisville Vicinity: NA State: Louisiana County: West Feliciana Code: 125 Zip Code: 70775 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: _ Building(s): __ Public-Local: _ District: X Public-State: X Site: __ Public-Federal: Structure: __ Object: __ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 14 buildings 1 __ sites 4 structures 13 objects 11 31 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register:_0 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NA NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 ROSEDOWN PLANTATION Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. -
The Significance of Dressing in Architecture : the Theories of Semper and Loos
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DRESSING IN ARCHITECTURE : THE THEORIES OF SEMPER AND LOOS By RINA SUDERMAN THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Architecture Theory and History The University of New South Wales March, 1995 CERTIFICATION "I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text." (Rina Suherman) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God for making the completion of this thesis possible. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Peter Kohane for his continuous assistance and supervision on this thesis, and also to John Gamble for his recommendation regarding additional reading materials. Thanks to the librarians of the UNSW Kensington Library for their assistance during my research and thanks also to Christine Brunt and Susan lv!c. CaJrnont for editing the thesis. I am truly indebted to my parents for their continuous financial and moral support, which has made me believe in the importance of the higher education. And my special thanks go to Wahjono for his patience and encouragement during my time away from home. "As architecture is the art and science of building, so dress is the art and science of clothing. To construct and decorate a covering for the human body that shall be beautiful and healthy is as important as to build a shelter for it when so covered that shall be beautiful and healthy." E.W. -
Greek Mouldings of Kos and Rhodes
GREEK MOULDINGS OF KOS AND RHODES (PLATES 108-109) I. INTRODUCTION JT WAS regrettablethat it had not been possibleto makedrawings of the Dodeca- nesian material to include in the study of the profiles of Greek architectural mouldings published by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens in 1936.' Later opportunity arose 2 to make the drawings, full size with a Maco Template,3but their study was unfortunately delayed.4 The material is presented now as a supple- ment to the original volume. Considerations of printing have, however, made advisable certain changes in form as well as format, but it is hoped that this article may be used with the earlier publication without inconvenience, for the material in the two belongs together. It has not been possible to print all the profiles full size as in the original study, but Figure 1 is retained at full scale. It should be noted, then, in making comparison, that all the other profiles here presented, in Figures 2 through 8, are shown at one-half size. Information and comment regarding each profile, formerly presented in tabular form, is here put into catalogue form. All the same information given previously is included except the proportions. These were published originally as part of the proof of the chronological development noted in each type. Since the general lines of development appear now to have become established, it has not been considered essential to record the proportions. Only two of the Twelve Islands have yielded as yet any considerable Greek archi- tectural remains. Rhodes, with its numerous settlements, was an important seat of 1 L. -
Architectural Product Catalog
TURNCRAFT ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCT CATALOG 2005 A History of Architectural Excellence So many architects and builders The making select Turncraft Architectural Columns of Turncraft because they feature thoughtful Architectural product design, fi ne workmanship, columns is an superior assembly, precision turning exacting process. and fl uting, and artful fi nishing. Finger-jointed Round columns may be ordered with or solid staves true architectural entasis in sizes are milled to consistent with the classic proportions the required of the Greek Doric, Tuscan, Roman dimensions, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Orders, assembled using or in custom shaft diameters up to the strongest Type-I waterproof glue, 36" and lengths to 30'. They can and then are metal-banded for curing. be smooth surfaced or given dramatic In the computer-controlled lathe, the deep fl uting (with increased stave assembled shaft is turned to the precise thickness) as desired. Greek Doric taper desired, complete with true Columns feature classic edge-to-edge architectural entasis. The top of each fl uting. Square columns and pilasters column is profi led according to the style may be ordered to match (available specifi ed, and the entire column is in tapered or non-tapered and in machine sanded to ensure a smooth various plan styles—see page 14). fi nish. Flutes are milled at precisely Non-tapered cylinders are available for determined intervals and depths, always INTRODUCTION use in casework, radius wall corners, ending in full half-rounds at the top and and contemporary applications. bottom (except on Greek Doric). Each column, regardless of size, is visually inspected, any defects are corrected, and then it is fi nish sanded. -
Th1rzne CEEK
HESPERIA 68.2, I999 "'ADYTO N ," "OPI STHO DOO S," AND THE INNER ROO/ OFr TH1rznECEEK/ T EMPLED For Lucy Shoe Meritt We know very little of what took place inside a Greek temple. Sacrifice, the focal act of communal religious observance,was enacted outside, on an open-air altar usually opposite the main, east, facade of the temple, while the interior contained objects dedicated to the deity, including a cult statue. In form most Greek temples had a single main interior room, or cella; some had an additional small room behind it, accessible only from the cella. Such a subdivision of interior space suggests that the inner chamber served a special function. This study is designed to ascertain why some temples had inner rooms and how these chambers were used, questions that shed light on the nature of the temple itself. Examination of termi- nology used for temple interiors and of archaeological remains of temples with inner rooms, together with literary and epigraphical references to activities that occurred in temples, indicates a larger economic role for many temples and less secret ritual than has been assumed.1 Nomenclature is a central issue here, as naming incorporates a set of 1. This article is dedicatedto Lucy Since the 19th century, the in- Shoe Meritt, with gratitude,for her assumptions and a specific interpretation. generosityin sharingher expertisein ner room has been called 'a'UTOV (adyton, "not to be entered"), a term and enthusiasmfor Greek architecture. known from ancient sources. The usage of "adyton" in literary and In the uncommonlylong develop- epigraphical testimonia led scholars to consider the inner room a locus of ment of this article,I have received cult ritual of a chthonian or oracular nature, mysterious rites conducted exceptionalassistance from Susan within the temple. -
Applications of 3D Computer Graphics in Reconstructing the Lost Reality of the Temples of Ionia
Journal of Naval Science and Engineering 2015, Vol. 11, No.3, pp. 26-42 DIGITAL CULTURAL HERITAGE: APPLICATIONS OF 3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN RECONSTRUCTING THE LOST REALITY OF THE TEMPLES OF IONIA Ahmet DENKER 1 Department of Electrical and Elektronics Engineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey [email protected] Abstract Reconstructions of the past with the advent of 3D computer graphics and high resolution rendering are increasingly produced and maintained in digital form, thus creating a legacy: Digital cultural heritage. Digital cultural heritage requires serious attention and is the subject of this paper. The reconstruction of the lost Ionic temples of the western shores of Aegean Sea is the main focus. The history of their construction, destruction and reconstruction loops are traced. The exceptional architects who had worked out the style and the principles of construction are looked into. Superstructures they created are studied with the aid of the accounts of the ancient writers, fragments in museums and surviving portions. Finally, their 3D reconstructions are realized so far as possible. Keywords : Digital cultural heritage; 3D computer graphics; reconstructing the lost reality, Ionic temples. 1. INTRODUCTION The cultural heritage which holds a significant part of the intellectual 26 Digital Cultural Heritage: Applications of 3D Computer Graphics in Reconstructing the Lost Reality of the Temples of Ionia wealth of our information society is under increasing threat of demolition. The threats of destruction stem not only from the natural causes, but even more so from local and international dissents and conflicts. Damage by Taliban of the 1700 years old sandstones of Buddha in Afghanistan, and looting of the historical city of Palmyra in Syria are just two examples of the cultural properties imperiled.