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001131054.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADEDE BIBLIOTECONOMIA E COMUNICAÇÃO DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM BIBLIOTECONOMIA Caliel Cardoso de Oliveira Heróis e Monstros: manifestações de discursos conservadores nas HQs de Super-heróis contemporâneas Porto Alegre 2020 Caliel Cardoso de Oliveira Heróis e Monstros: manifestações de discursos conservadores nas HQs de Super-heróis contemporâneas Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação apresentado à Faculdade de Biblioteconomia e Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Biblioteconomia. Orientadora: Prof.ª Mª. Marlise Maria Giovanaz. Porto Alegre 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL Reitor: Prof. Carlos André Bulhões Vice-Reitora: Prof.ª Patrícia Pranke FACULDADE DE BIBLIOTECONOMIA E COMUNICAÇÃO Diretora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Karla Maria Müller Vice Diretora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Ilza Maria Tourinho Girardi DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO Chefe: Prof.ª Dr.ª Samile Andréa de Souza Vanz Chefe Substituto: Prof. Dr. Rene Faustino Gabriel Junior COMISSÃO DE GRADUAÇÃO DO CURSO DE BIBLIOTECONOMIA Coordenadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Rita do Carmo Ferreira Laipelt Coordenadora Substituta: Prof.ª Dr.ª Caterina Marta Groposo Pavão Faculdade de Biblioteconomia e Comunicação Departamento de Ciências da Informação Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2705, Bairro Santana Porto Alegre/RS – CEP 90035-007 Telefone: 51 3308 5067 E-mail: [email protected] AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço, primeiramente, ao Universo por garantir o bom andamento desta pesquisa e da minha formação. O ser humano não colabora, mas tudo correu bem no fim das contas. Agradeço a meus afetos e amizades, por me darem força e ânimo para seguir em frente ao longo deste curso, e especialmente por me incentivarem durante o planejamento e a elaboração deste trabalho. Não são muitos, mas tenho certeza que, com o amor e carinho com que me presenteiam, soube escolher bem quem ter a meu lado. Agradeço à minha família pelo suporte que me deram durante a vida escolar e, novamente, durante a vida acadêmica. Tenho a certeza de que todos, mesmo os que já não estão aqui, se orgulham muito de onde me permitiram chegar. Nesse mesmo escopo, agradeço todos os professores e bibliotecários responsáveis por minha formação escolar ao longo dos anos cujo incentivo pelo saber e pela pesquisa sempre me motivaram. Por fim, mas não menos importante, agradeço especialmente à minha orientadora, Marlise Giovanaz. Sem seu apoio, disposição e coragem em orientar esta pesquisa, sua realização jamais teria sido possível. Agradeço também à professora Ana Moura, cujo auxílio foi fundamental para o planejamento deste estudo, e a todos os professores e professoras do curso de Biblioteconomia da UFRGS, em especial à equipe da COMGRAD, por sua disposição e carinho para com toda comunidade discente. See my life in a comic Like the way they did the Bible With the bubbles and action The little details in color First a horseback bomber Just a small thin chance Like seeing Jesus on Dateline Let's face the music and dance David Bowie, New Killer Star RESUMO Considerando as histórias em quadrinhos como uma fonte de informação, este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a disseminação de discursos conservadores em HQs do gênero de super-heróis e a percepção de seu público consumidor acerca deste fenômeno. Contextualiza sua investigação em três grandes seções de embasamento teórico: na primeira, discorre sobre a natureza das HQs, seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e sua relação com a Academia; na segunda, explora o conceito de Indústria Cultural, o caráter das HQs enquanto produtos culturais e os discursos conservadores observados pelos teóricos das HQs do gênero de super-heróis; na terceira, aborda o conceito da Análise de Consumidor e sua utilidade para estudiosos da informação que buscam analisar as percepções de um público consumidor. Metodologicamente, consiste em uma pesquisa básica, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, dividia em duas etapas. A primeira, uma pesquisa quantitativa, busca conhecer o público consumidor de HQs no Brasil e suas percepções acerca das HQs de super-heróis, através da coleta de dados utilizando questionários aplicados em grupos de Facebook. Um breve perfil pôde ser constatado a partir das 39 respostas: 56% dos respondentes possuíam mais de 35 anos, e 66% se identificaram como homens, dentre outros dados perfilatórios. Também pôde-se constatar que muitos respondentes (48% do total) acreditam que as HQs podem ser um tipo de literatura mais ou menos complexo que a literatura tradicional, dependendo da obra em questão. Referente à percepção dos discursos políticos nas HQs, 92% dos respondentes afirmaram perceber esses discursos nas obras que leem, e 82% acreditam que é pertinente às HQs conterem discursos e debates políticos, ao ponto de 76% dos sujeitos afirmarem que as HQs devem ser mais inclusivas e diversas. Também foram constatados dados acerca da percepção dos leitores quanto à existência de um grupo leitores marginalizados, composto por mulheres e pessoas não-brancas, dentre outros elementos. A segunda etapa metodológica consiste numa análise qualitativa de conteúdo, baseada no procedimento da análise documental, tendo por objeto um corpus textual de dez HQs do gênero de super-heróis, montado com base nas respostas obtidas na primeira etapa da metodologia. Analisa, então, este corpus textual, categorizando as obras estudadas em obras Conservadoras ou Progressistas, tomando por critério a manifestação, subversão ou ausência dos discursos ideológicos abordados na segunda seção do referencial teórico. Constata uma prevalência de obras conservadoras dentro do corpus analisado, com seis das dez obras categorizando-se nesta categoria. Observa também uma prevalência de autores estadunidenses, homens e brancos na equipe criativa da maioria das obras analisadas. Conclui observando que, apesar dos esforços por parte dos criadores e do público consumidor, ainda persistem os discursos conservadores no gênero, o que urge aos bibliotecários e profissionais da informação que abordem as HQs como fonte de informação singular, com características e potencialidades próprias que devem ser levadas em conta durante o trabalho com as mesmas. Palavras-chave: Histórias em quadrinhos. Fontes de informação. Indústria cultural. Discurso conservador. Super-heróis. ABSTRACT Considering comicbooks as a source of information, this research has the objective of exploring the dissemination of conservative discourses in comicbooks of the suerhero genre, as well as the perception of the genre’s consumer market regarding this phenomenon. Its investigation in initially contextualized in three great sections of theorical basis: the first section explores the nature of comicbooks, their development as a media in Brazil and their relation with the Academia; the second section presentes and analyzes the concept of Cultural Industry, the aspects that qualify comicbooks as cultural products and the conservative discourses spread through the superhero genre, as observed by several scholars; finally, the third section approaches the conceptofo Consumer Analysis and its usefulness to information researchers that aim to analize the perceptions of a consumer public. Concerning methodology, this paper consists of a basic research, of descriptive and exploratory nature, dividides in two stages: the first stage is a quantitative research, seeks to know the consumer public of comicbooks in Brazil along with their percepetion regarding superhero comicbooks, gathering data through the use of questionnaires in Facebook groups. A basic profile could be found from the 39 answers obtained: 565 of the respondentes were older than 35, and 66% identified as men, among other profiling data. It was also possible to verify that many subjects (48% of the total) believe that comicbooks can be more or less complex than traditional literature, depending on the comicbook in question. Regarding their perception of political discoruses in comicbooks, 92% of the respondents stated that they could notie these discourses in the works they read, and 82% believe that it’s reasonable for comicbooks to have political discourses and debates, up to the point of 76% of the subjects stating thatcomicbooks should be more inclusive and diverse. Some data regarding the readers’ perception of marginalized reader groups, such as those composed chiefly of women and people of color were also obtained. The second stage of this study’s methodology consists of a qualitative content analysis, based on the procedure of documental analysis, with it object being a textual corpus made up of ten superhero comicbooks, assembled from the asnwers obtained in the first estage of the study’s methodology. These comicbooks are then analyzed and sorted in two categories, Conservative or Progressive, based on the criteria of the existence, absence or subversion of those conservative discourses presentes during the second section of the theorical revision. A prevalence of Conservative works was observed, with six out of ten comicboks analyzed beinh categorized as such. A prevalence of US-based creators, mostly White men, was also noticed behind the creation fo those comicbooks. The study concludes by noting that, despite efforts by some creators and readers, conservative discourses are still very proeminente in the suerhero genre, a situation that requires librarians and information professionals to treat comicbooks as a singular, particular source of information,
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