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EFFECT of NYLON FIBER ASPECT RATIO on the MECHANICAL PROPERTIES of FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE by Nazmul Ummahat

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EFFECT of NYLON FIBER ASPECT RATIO on the MECHANICAL PROPERTIES of FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE by Nazmul Ummahat EFFECT OF NYLON FIBER ASPECT RATIO ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE By Nazmul Ummahat MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MARCH, 2019 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this project or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature Nazmul Ummahat The project titled “Effect of Nylon Fiber Aspect Ratio on The Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete” submitted by Student-Nazmul Ummahat, Roll No.: 040804324, Session: 2008, has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering in Structural engineering on 25th March,2019. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Dr. Rupak Mutsuddy Chairman Assistant Professor (Supervisor) Department of CE, BUET, Dhaka 2. Dr. Syed Ishtiaq Ahmad Member Professor Department of CE, BUET, Dhaka 3. Dr. Mahbuba Begum Member Professor Department of CE, BUET, Dhaka DEDICATION To my Teachers Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GENERAL 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE 2 1.3 SCOPE OF WORK 2 1.4 METHODOLOGY 3 1.5 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT 3 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 GENERAL 5 2.1.1 STRENGTH AND DURABILITY 5 2.1.2 LOW MAINTENANCE 6 2.1.3 AFFORDABILITY 6 2.1.4 EXCELLENT THERMAL MASS 6 2.1.5 FIRE-RESISTANCE 6 2.1.6 ANY CONFIGURATION 7 2.1.7 ON SITE FABRICATION 7 2.2 LIMITATIONS OF CONCRETE 7 2.2.1 LOW TENSILE STRENGTH 7 2.2.2 LOW DUCTILITY 7 2.2.3 LOW STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO 7 2.2.4 VOLUME INSTABILITY 7 2.3 CEMENT 8 2.3.1 POZZOLANS CEMENT 9 2.4 FLY ASH 9 2.4.1 WORKABILITY 9 2.4.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 10 2.4.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 10 2.4.4 DURABILITY 10 2.4.5 SHRINKAGE 10 2.5 GROUND GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG (GGBFS) 11 2.5.1 WORKABILITY 11 2.5.2 STRENGTH 11 v 2.5.3 DURABILITY 11 2.5.4 SHRINKAGE 11 2.6 SILICA FUME 12 2.6.1 WORKABILITY 12 2.6.2 STRENGTH 12 2.6.3 DURABILITY 12 2.6.4 SHRINKAGE 13 2.7 FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC) 14 2.7.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 14 2.7.2 BENEFITS OF USING OF FRC 14 2.7.3 USES OF FRC 15 2.7.4 MECHANISM 15 2.8 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIBERS 16 2.8.1 STEEL FIBERS 17 2.8.1.1 Workability: 17 2.8.1.2 Compressive Strength: 18 2.8.1.3 Tensile Strength: 18 2.8.1.4 Flexural Strength: 18 2.8.1.5 Shrinkage: 18 2.8.2 GLASS FIBER 19 2.8.2.1 Strength: 20 2.8.2.2 Durability: 20 2.8.3 SYNTHETIC FIBERS 20 2.8.4 NYLON AS SYNTHETIC FIBERS 21 2.8.4.1 Workability: 22 2.8.4.2 Compressive Strength: 22 2.8.4.3 Tensile Strength: 23 2.8.4.4 Flexural Strength: 23 2.8.5 PREVIOUS STUDY 23 2.8.5.1 Steel Fiber: 24 2.8.5.2 Polyethylene: 25 2.8.5.3 Polypropylene: 27 2.8.5.4 Glass: 28 2.8.5.5 Natural: 29 2.8.5.6 Nylon: 30 vi 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 32 3.1 GENERAL 32 3.2 CEMENT 32 3.2.1 PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT (PCC) 32 3.3 FINE AGGREGATES 33 3.4 COARSE AGGREGATE 34 3.4.1 NYLON FIBER 36 3.5 SUPER PLASTICIZER 37 3.6 TEST SPECIMEN DESIGN 38 3.7 SAMPLE PREPARATION 39 3.7.1 MOLD PREPARATION 40 3.7.2 CONCRETE MIXING AND CASTING OF SPECIMENS 40 3.7.3 MEASUREMENT OF WORKABILITY 41 3.7.4 COMPACTION OF THE CONCRETE 42 3.7.5 CURING OF THE SPECIMENS 43 3.8 TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE 43 3.8.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST 43 3.8.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST 45 3.8.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST OF PRISM CONCRETE SPECIMENS 47 3.8.4 TOUGHNESS 49 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 51 4.1 RESULT OF FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES 51 4.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 52 4.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 55 4.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 58 4.4.1 FLEXURAL CRACK BEHAVIOR 60 4.5 TOUGHNESS 61 4.6 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MECHANICAL STRENGTH 67 4.7 COMPARISON AND DISCUSSION 73 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 78 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 78 vii 5.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESENT STUDY 79 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 79 6 REFERENCE 81 viii List of Figures Figure 2-1 Schematics of the mechanism in which fiber reinforcement works 16 Figure 2-2 Steel Fibers and the crack of the steel fiber reinforced concrete 17 Figure 2-3 Glass fiber 19 Figure 2-4 Synthetic Fibers 21 Figure 3-1 Weighing of PCC cement 33 Figure 3-2 Prepared Aggregates for mixing 35 Figure 3-3 19 mm, 25 mm and 50 mm length of nylon fiber 37 Figure 3-4 Weighing of nylon fiber 37 Figure: 3-5 Mold tightening 40 Figure 3-6 Sample preparation in the mold 41 Figure 3-7 Slump value measurement 41 Figure 3-8 Concrete pouring in the molds 42 Figure 3-9 Compaction of concrete 42 Figure 3-10 Machine used for compressive strength test 44 Figure 3-11 Splitting tensile strength test on sample 46 Figure 3-12 Flexural strength test on sample (before) 48 Figure 4-1 Slump Test Result 52 Figure 4-2 Compressive Strength for Different Fiber Length 54 Figure 4-3 Compressive Strength for Different Fiber Percentages 54 Figure 4-4 Sample after the compressive strength test (1) 55 Figure 4-5 Sample after the compressive strength test (2) 55 Figure 4-6 Split Tensile Strength for Different Fiber Length 57 Figure 4-7 Split Tensile Strength for Different Fiber Percentages 57 Figure 4-8 Flexural Strength Test 59 Figure 4-9 Flexural Strength for Different Fiber Length 59 Figure 4-10 Flexural Strength for Different Fiber Percentages 60 Figure 4-11 Flexural behavior of the specimen (a) without fiber (b) with 0.25% fiber (c) with 0.37% fiber (d) with 0.5% fiber 61 Figure 4-12 Load vs. deflection Curve considering no fiber 62 ix Figure 4-13 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 19 mm fiber with 0.25% fiber volume 62 Figure 4-14 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 25 mm fiber with 0.25% fiber volume 63 Figure 4-15 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 50 mm fiber with 0.25% fiber volume 63 Figure 4-16 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 19 mm fiber with 0.37% fiber volume 64 Figure 4-17 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 25 mm fiber with 0.37% fiber volume 64 Figure 4-18 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 50 mm fiber with 0.37% fiber volume 65 Figure 4-19 Load vs deflection Curve considering 19 mm fiber with 0.5% fiber volume 65 Figure 4-20 Load vs. deflection Curve considering 25 mm fiber with 0.5% fiber volume 66 Figure 4-21 Load Vs deflection Curve considering 50 mm fiber with 0.5% fiber volume 66 Figure 4-22 Split Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength Ratio vs. Fiber length for different percentages 68 Figure 4-23 Split Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength Ratio Vs Fiber percentages for different fiber length 69 Figure 4-24 Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength Ratio vs. Fiber length for different percentages 70 Figure 4-25 Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength Ratio vs. Fiber percentages for different fiber length 71 Figure 4-26 Split Tensile Strength and Flexure Strength Ratio vs. Fiber length for different percentages 72 Figure 4-27 Split Tensile Strength and Flexure Strength Ratio vs. Fiber Percentages for different fiber lengths 73 x List of Tables Table 2-1 Classification of Cement 13 Table 2-2 Crack width of different percentages of SFRC. 19 Table 2-3 Properties of Nylon Fiber 22 Table 3-1 Properties of Aggregates 34 Table 3-2 Aspect Ratio of nylon fiber 36 Table 3-3 Specimen distribution among the Four type of tests 39 Table 3-4 Mix variation for compressive strength test 43 Table 3-5 Mix variation for splitting tensile strength test 45 Table 4-1 Slump values for different fiber length and fiber percentages 51 Table 4-2 Compressive strength for different fiber length and fiber percentages 53 Table 4-3 Split tensile strength for different fiber length and fiber percentages 56 Table 4-4 Flexural strength for different fiber length and fiber percentages 58 Table 4-5 Flexural strength and Compressive Strength for polyethylene fiber percentages 73 Table 4-6 Slump and Compressive strength of polypropylene fiber 74 Table 4-7 Compressive strength, Flexural Strength, split tensile strength of polypropylene fiber 75 Table 4-8 Relation among fiber dosage, percentage and compressive strength of Polypropylene 76 Table 4-9 Strength test result on nylon- and polypropylene-fiber-reinforced concretes versus plain control concrete 77 xi List of Abbreviations of Technical Symbols and Terms RCC – Reinforced Cement Concrete OPC – Ordinary Portland cement PCC- Portland Composite cement FRC- Fiber Reinforced Concrete NFRC- Nylon Fiber Reinforced Concrete PFRC- Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete GFRC-Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete SFRC-Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete xii Acknowledgement All the praise is for Almighty Allah (SWT).This work has become true for His wishing and helping over the entire procedure. The author wishes to express her intense gratitude and sincere appreciation to her supervisor Dr. Rupak Mutsuddy, Assistant Professor of the Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, for his lively supervision, continuous guidance, helpful criticism, invaluable suggestion, enthusiastic encouragement and strong support.
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