Combating COVID-19 with Charisma
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1 CAN CHARISMA BE TAUGHT? TESTS of TWO INTERVENTIONS JOHN ANTONAKIS University of Lausanne Faculty of Business and Economics
CAN CHARISMA BE TAUGHT? TESTS OF TWO INTERVENTIONS JOHN ANTONAKIS University of Lausanne Faculty of Business and Economics Internef #618 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland MARIKA FENLEY University of Lausanne Faculty of Business and Economics Lausanne 1015 Switzerland SUE LIECHTI University of Lausanne Institute of Psychology Lausanne 1015 Switzerland In press: Academy of Management Learning & Education Address correspondence to: [email protected] , Tel: +41 21 692-3438 We are grateful to the special issue editors and the reviewers for their helpful feedback; our Action Editor, Sim Sitkim, was particularly constructive in shepherding our manuscript. We also thank Marius Brulhart, Fabrizio Butera, Anne d’Arcy, Saskia Faulk, Deanne den Hartog, Klaus Jonas, Alexis Kunz, Rafael Lalive, and Boas Shamir for their helpful suggestions on earlier versions of this work; any errors or omissions are our responsibility. Finally, we thank the participant depicted in Figure 1A for giving us permission to publish pictures of him. 1 CAN CHARISMA BE TAUGHT? TESTS OF TWO INTERVENTIONS ABSTRACT We tested whether we could teach individuals to behave more charismatically, and whether changes in charisma affected leader outcomes. In Study 1, a mixed-design field experiment, we randomly assigned 34 middle-level managers to a control or an experimental group. Three months later, we reassessed the managers using their co-worker ratings (Time 1 raters = 343; Time 2 raters = 321). In Study 2, a within-subjects laboratory experiment, we videotaped 41 MBA participants giving a speech. We then taught them how to behave more charismatically and they redelivered the speech six weeks later; independent assessors (n = 135) rated the speeches. -
On Making Causal Claims a Review and Recommendations.Pdf
The Leadership Quarterly 21 (2010) 1086–1120 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Leadership Quarterly journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/leaqua On making causal claims: A review and recommendations John Antonakis ⁎, Samuel Bendahan, Philippe Jacquart, Rafael Lalive Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland article info abstract Keywords: Social scientists often estimate models from correlational data, where the independent variable Causality has not been exogenously manipulated; they also make implicit or explicit causal claims based on Quasi-experimentation these models. When can these claims be made? We answer this question by first discussing design Instrumental variables and estimation conditions under which model estimates can be interpreted, using the randomized Common-method bias experiment as the gold standard. We show how endogeneity – which includes omitted variables, Difference-in-differences omitted selection, simultaneity, common-method variance, and measurement error – renders Simultaneous equations Monte Carlo simulations estimates causally uninterpretable. Second, we present methods that allow researchers to test Regression discontinuity causal claims in situations where randomization is not possible or when causal interpretation Mediation could be confounded; these methods include fixed-effects panel, sample selection, instrumental variable, regression discontinuity, and difference-in-differences models. Third, we take stock of the methodological rigor with which causal claims are being made in a social sciences discipline by reviewing a representative sample of 110 articles on leadership published in the previous 10 years in top-tier journals. Our key finding is that researchers fail to address at least 66% and up to 90% of design and estimation conditions that make causal claims invalid. -
Leadership to Defeat COVID-19 John Antonakis Faculty of Business And
Leadership to defeat COVID-19 John Antonakis Faculty of Business and Economics University of Lausanne Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24.11.2020 Abstract Defeating COVID-19 will not happen only via efforts of scientists working on vaccines or new treatments and interventions. Key to winning this battle is to convince citizens to take the needed precautions and to follow scientific advice to stop the spread of the virus and to protect those who are vulnerable to it. Thus, leaders, especially political leaders, play a critical role in coordinating the efforts of individuals who often have private interests to act as they wish, but who expect to benefit from the efforts of others who contribute to the public good. To deal with this unprecedented challenge, I discuss the importance of leadership—particularly charismatic leadership—which is well suited to solving problems in situations of ambiguity and crisis. I also exhort researchers to pay more attention to studying leadership using robust and causally identified-designs that can inform policy. Keywords: COVID-19; leadership; charisma; science; endogeneity In the beginning of 2020, it felt like the planet was put in a big dark box, then pummeled by an invisible, invincible enemy. Nobody has escaped the consequences of COVID-19, which has had a dramatic impact on the world economy, our social functioning, and our health. We see a substantial portion of the world’s population reigned by confusion, fear, and despair; yet, many of our world’s co-citizens display an inexplicable and unabashed—even cavalier—attitude toward the virus and its consequences. -
On the Economic Value of Charismatic Leadership
“Just Words? Just Speeches?” On The Economic Value of Charismatic Leadership John Antonakis (University of Lausanne) Giovanna d’Adda (Politecnico di Milano) Roberto Weber (University of Zurich) Christian Zehnder (University of Lausanne) This version: August 2015 Abstract Despite the importance attributed to leadership in many economic, organizational and political contexts, the topic has received little attention in the economic discipline. In other fields, however, extensive research documents important characteristics of effective leaders, including the ability to influence followers through "charismatic" communication. We report a field experiment that examines whether charisma—in the form of a stylistically different motivation speech—can induce costly effort among workers, and therefore generate higher output for a firm. In our experiment temporary workers have to prepare envelopes for a fundraising campaign conducted on behalf of a hospital. Workers are exposed to speeches that differ in the number of charismatic elements, as well as to varying financial incentives. We observe that workers who are exposed to a charismatic speech increase their output on average by about 17% relative to the workers who receive the standard speech. This performance effect of charisma is statistically significant and comparable in size to the positive effect of standard performance pay. Key words: Field experiment, charisma, work performance, incentives, leadership JEL-Codes: C93, D03, D23, M12, M52 1 Introduction Leadership has long held allure as a potentially powerful influence on human behavior. From Plato’s discussion of the importance of “philosopher kings” to modern research and training in management and politics—and throughout history in the arts—leadership is valued as a powerful tool for effecting collective activity. -
Governors' Top Education Priorities in 2020 State of the State Addresses
MAR 2020 Governors’ Top Education Priorities in 2020 State of the State Addresses Bryan Kelley and Erin Whinnery 1 ecs.org | @EdCommission ecs.orgnga.org | | @NatlGovsAssoc@EdCommission nga.org | @NatlGovsAssoc In laying out policy priorities in their 2020 We are committed to go the distance State of the State addresses, governors recognized the role the public education because we know our children’s future system plays in supporting strong is at risk. Education is the foundation economies. Often citing the need to align of our economy and our quality of life. education with the 21st century’s knowledge Everything, including our future, begins economy, governors agreed that a high- with how well we educate our children. quality education is the key to both an individual’s and the state’s success. Alabama And that is significantly affected by the Gov. Kay Ivey echoed the sentiments of kind of beginnings we provide for them. many governors when she said, “For us to We cannot let them down. prepare today’s students for tomorrow’s Gov. David Ige opportunities, it is time we get serious.” HAWAII Each year, Education Commission of the States tracks, analyzes and identifies trends in education policy accomplishments and proposals featured in governors’ State of the State addresses. To date, 43 governors have delivered their 2020 address. The top education priorities across the states and territories span the entire education spectrum, pre-K through the workforce. Governors in at least* 34 states emphasized the importance of K-12 CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION (CTE) and WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. Governors in at least 30 states mentioned K-12 SCHOOL FINANCE, including NEW INVESTMENTS for certain STUDENT POPULATIONS. -
Final Intelligence Curvilinear Antonakis Simonton House in Press
INTELLIGENCE AND LEADERSHIP 1 Can Super Smart Leaders Suffer From Too Much of a Good Thing? The Curvilinear Effect of Intelligence on Perceived Leadership Behavior John Antonakis University of Lausanne Robert J. House University of Pennsylvania Dean Keith Simonton University of California, Davis In press (1 March 2017) Journal of Applied Psychology Authors Notes John Antonakis, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne; Robert J. House, The Wharton School of Management, University of Pennsylvania; Dean Keith Simonton, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis. Sadly, Bob passed away before this manuscript could be completely written up and published. We are grateful to Marius Brulhart, Alice Eagly, Rafael Lalive, José Mata, and Christian Zehnder for helpful comments received in various phases of the development of this manuscript. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to John Antonakis, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Internet 618, Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] © 2017, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: 10.1037/apl0000221 INTELLIGENCE AND LEADERSHIP 2 Abstract Although researchers predominately test for linear relationships between variables, at times there may be theoretical and even empirical reasons for expecting nonlinear functions. We examined if the relation between intelligence (IQ) and perceived leadership might be more accurately described by a curvilinear single-peaked function. Following Simonton’s (1985) theory, we tested a specific model, indicating that the optimal IQ for perceived leadership will appear at about 1.2 standard deviations above the mean IQ of the group membership. -
Former Governors
Hunt-Kean Leadership Fellows The Hunt-Kean Leadership Fellows program partners with senior-level political leaders who have the knowledge, skill, and will to be effective, reform-minded education policymakers at the state level. Named for renowned education governors Jim Hunt (D-NC | 1977-1985; 1993- 2001) and Tom Kean (R-NJ | 1982-1990), the national, nonpartisan Fellowship launched in the fall of 2014. Since its development, the program now boasts a network of over 100 Fellows representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with each year adding an incoming cohort of 20-25 Fellows. The Hunt Institute offers ongoing support to Fellows through The Institute’s research, tools, mentors, and access to The Institute’s wide network of policymakers and experts. Vision Education is the most important investment we can make to strengthen our nation’s economy and society. Senior, state-level policymakers have enormous influence over our complex education system, and yet, all too often, these leaders are required to assume massive responsibilities with little background in education policy. Our goal is to help political leaders develop a deeply-rooted vision for educational improvement. The Hunt-Kean Leadership Fellows program – unlike any other Fellowship in the nation – provides political leaders from across the country with the knowledge they need to cultivate smart and effective education agendas. The nonpartisan Fellows program: • Exposes Fellows to the best research and analysis on innovative and successful education policies and practices; • Provides an environment that welcomes distinct views and fosters debate on multifaceted education issues; and • Introduces Fellows to other leaders directing successful reform efforts across the nation. -
FY 2020 Q1-Q4 Political Contributions.Xlsx
WalgreenCoPAC Political Contributions: FY 2020 Recipient Amount Arizona GALLEGO FOR ARIZONA 1,000.00 California COMMITTEE TO RE-ELECT LINDA SANCHEZ 1,000.00 DR. RAUL RUIZ FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 NANCY PELOSI FOR CONGRESS 2,500.00 SCOTT PETERS FOR CONGRESS 2,000.00 TONY CARDENAS FOR CONGRESS 3,500.00 Colorado CORY GARDNER FOR SENATE 1,000.00 PROJECT WEST POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE 5,000.00 Delaware LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 Florida DARREN SOTO FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 Georgia BUDDY CARTER FOR CONGRESS 5,000.00 Illinois CASTEN FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 CHERPAC 7,500.00 DAVIS FOR CONGRESS/FRIENDS OF DAVIS 1,500.00 FRIENDS OF CHERI BUSTOS 3,500.00 FRIENDS OF DICK DURBIN COMMITTEE 2,500.00 FRIENDS OF RAJA FOR CONGRESS 3,000.00 ROBIN KELLY FOR CONGRESS 4,000.00 RODNEY FOR CONGRESS 3,000.00 SCHAKOWSKY FOR CONGRESS 1,750.00 SCHNEIDER FOR CONGRESS 10,000.00 Indiana BUCSHON FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 Iowa CHAPMAN FOR SENATE 250.00 CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY COMMITTEE #1605 500.00 FRIENDS OF WHITVER 500.00 HAGENOW FOR IOWA HOUSE 250.00 JONI FOR IOWA 1,000.00 SCHNEIDER FOR STATE SENATE 250.00 THE KIM REYNOLDS FOR IOWA COMMITTEE 500.00 UPMEYER FOR HOUSE 500.00 WILLS FOR IOWA COMMITTEE #2165 250.00 WIN WITH WINDSCHITL 250.00 Kentucky MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE 2,500.00 1 WalgreenCoPAC Political Contributions: FY 2020 Recipient Amount REPUBLICAN PARTY OF KENTUCKY - FED ACCT 4,500.00 Louisiana BILL CASSIDY FOR US SENATE 2,500.00 RICHMOND FOR CONGRESS 2,500.00 SCALISE FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 Maine COLLINS FOR SENATOR 1,500.00 Maryland AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA 5,000.00 HOYER FOR CONGRESS 5,000.00 Massachusetts RICHARD E NEAL FOR CONGRESS COMMITTEE 2,500.00 Michigan WALBERG FOR CONGRESS 1,000.00 Nebraska BEN SASSE FOR U.S. -
Thematic Issue Social Entrepreneurship in the Global Context
a scientific quarterly ISSN 2353-883X eISSN 2353-8821 2018, Vol. 6, No. 1 Thematic Issue Social Entrepreneurship in the Global Context edited by Rossella Canestrino Parthenope University of Naples, Italy Marek Ćwiklicki Cracow University of Economics, Poland Pierpaolo Magliocca University of Foggia, Italy CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS Department of International Trade Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship a scientific quarterly E B E R Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review ISSN 2353-883X eISSN 2353-8821 2018, Vol. 6, No. 1 Thematic Issue Social Entrepreneurship in the Global Context edited by Rossella Canestrino Parthenope University of Naples, Italy Marek Ćwiklicki Cracow University of Economics, Poland Pierpaolo Magliocca University of Foggia, Italy CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS Department of International Trade Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship Editorial Board Editor -in -Chief Krzysztof WACH Associate Editors Jan BRZOZOWSKI, Marek ĆWIKLICKI, Marek DĄBROWSKI, Remigiusz GAWLIK, Agnieszka GŁODOWSKA ( Editorial Secretary ), Michal GŁUSZAK, Jacek KLICH, Małgorzata KOSAŁA ( Editorial Secretary ), Bartłomiej MARONA ( Online Editor ), Joanna PURGAŁ-POPIELA, Tomasz RACHWAŁ, Piotr STANEK, Marek SZARUCKI ( Layout Editor ), Agnieszka WAŁĘGA ( Statistics Editor ), Agnieszka ŻUR Executive Team for this Issue Thematic Issue Editor s: Rossella Canestrino , Marek Ćwiklicki , Pierpaolo Magliocca Copy Editors: Krzysztof Kwiecień, Anna Marcinek-Markowska Proofreading : Anna Marcinek-Markowska Cover and -
March 16, 2020 Mr. Bill Mcbride Executive Director National Governors Association 444 North Capitol Street, Suite 267 Washington
March 16, 2020 Mr. Bill McBride Executive Director National Governors Association 444 North Capitol Street, Suite 267 Washington, D.C. 20001 [email protected] RE: All States Need Economic Injury Disaster Loan Declarations Immediately Dear Mr. McBride: The organizations listed below represent small businesses that cannot switch their core functions to remote operation during this disaster outbreak of COVID-19. These are automotive service providers and suppliers that keep our most common form of transportation safe. They and their employees need immediate support to protect their health and safety, their customers’ health and safety, and their short and long-term economic viability. The crisis isn’t two months away. It’s here. Consumers are scared. Many of these businesses are already down by 40% - 75%. Their operating margins cannot sustain such losses. When they fail, millions of employees become unemployed with no other source of available income while thousands of business owners declare bankruptcy. In the meantime, they suffer daily with excessive emotional stress from loss of income and shortages of critical services such as affordable health care and affordable, safe child care due to sudden and prolonged school closings. We urge you to urge your members to take immediate action to obtain an Economic Injury Disaster Loan Declaration for their states so that suffering small businesses can have access to Small Business Administration disaster support. Mr. Bill McBride Executive Director National Governors Association March 16, 2020 Page 2 of 2 Thank you in advance for supporting the true small business backbone of our country. If you need additional information from us to further disaster relief efforts, please let us know. -
Reflections on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling
Point/Counterpoint on Partial Least Squares Organizational Research Methods 2014, Vol. 17(2) 210-251 ª The Author(s) 2014 Reflections on Partial Least Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Squares Path Modeling DOI: 10.1177/1094428114529165 orm.sagepub.com Cameron N. McIntosh1, Jeffrey R. Edwards2, and John Antonakis3 Abstract ThepurposeofthepresentarticleistotakestockofarecentexchangeinOrganizational Research Methods between critics and proponents of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The two target articles were centered around six principal issues, namely whether PLS-PM: (a) can be truly characterized as a technique for structural equation modeling (SEM), (b) is able to correct for measurement error, (c) can be used to validate measurement models, (d) accommodates small sample sizes, (e) is able to provide null hypothesis tests for path coefficients, and (f) can be employed in an exploratory, model-building fashion. We summarize and elaborate further on the key arguments underlying the exchange, drawing from the broader methodological and statistical literature to offer additional thoughts concerning the utility of PLS-PM and ways in which the tech- nique might be improved. We conclude with recommendations as to whether and how PLS-PM serves as a viable contender to SEM approaches for estimating and evaluating theoretical models. Keywords structural equation modeling, partial least squares, factor analysis, reliability and validity, instrumental variables, bootstrapping, model fit Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) has begun to achieve widespread usage among applied researchers. Starting with the initial work by H. Wold (1966, 1973, 1975), the application of PLS-PM has been stimulated by comprehensive expositions and computer implementations by Lohmo¨ller (1984, 1988, 1989), Chin (1998, 2003), and others (for detailed historical reviews of the development of PLS-PM, see Mateos-Aparicio, 2011; Trujillo, 2009). -
Medicaid Expansion Decisions by State
Medicaid Expansion Decisions by State (Last updated October 2020) State Adopted Governor Governor’s party Legislative majority’s expansion party Alabama No Kay Ivey Republican Republican Alaska Yes Mike Dunleavy Republican Republican Arizona Yes* Doug Ducey Republican Republican Arkansas Yes* Asa Hutchinson Republican Republican California Yes Gavin Newsom Democratic Democratic Colorado Yes Jared Polis Democratic Democratic Connecticut Yes Ned Lamont Democratic Democratic Delaware Yes John Carney Democratic Democratic District of Columbia Yes Muriel Bowser (Mayor) Democratic Democratic Florida No Ron DeSantis Republican Republican Georgia No Brian Kemp Republican Republican Hawaii Yes David Ige Democratic Democratic Idaho Yes Brad Little Republican Republican Illinois Yes JB Pritzker Democratic Democratic Indiana Yes* Eric Holcomb Republican Republican Iowa Yes* Kim Reynolds Republican Republican Kansas No Laura Kelly Democratic Republican Kentucky Yes Andy Beshear Democratic Republican Louisiana Yes John Bel Edwards Democratic Republican Maine Yes Janet Mills Democratic Democratic Maryland Yes Larry Hogan Republican Democratic Massachusetts Yes Charlie Baker Republican Democratic Michigan Yes* Gretchen Whitmer Democratic Republican Minnesota Yes Tim Walz Democratic Split Mississippi No Tate Reeves Republican Republican Missouri No1 Mike Parson Republican Republican Montana Yes* Steve Bullock Democratic Republican Nebraska Yes Pete Ricketts Republican Non-partisan Nevada Yes Steve Sisolak Democratic Democratic New Hampshire Yes* Chris