Fraser – Newfoundland Mumming MUMMERS ON TRIAL Mumming, Violence and the Law in Conception Bay and St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1831-18631 JOY FRASER Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's <
[email protected]> Abstract This paper investigates the violence surrounding the custom of Christmas mumming as practised in the urban centres of Conception Bay on Newfoundland’s northeast coast, and in the island’s capital, St. John’s, in the mid-19th Century. Until recently, few contemporary accounts have come to light between the first known description of mumming-related violence in this area in January 1831 and the alleged murder of Isaac Mercer by mummers in the town of Bay Roberts in December 1860. This paper argues that the proceedings of several criminal trials involving mummers recently uncovered at the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador provide significant new evidence of a close relationship between mumming, violence and the law in Conception Bay and St. John’s during this period. The paper also explores the insights that the trial proceedings offer into the practice of mumming itself, the backgrounds of participants and the motivations underlying the violent incidents. In light of this new evidence, I argue for the need to re-examine the links that have been posited between mumming-related violence and the wider social, ethnic, religious and political tensions that affected life in mid-19th Century urban Newfoundland. Keywords mumming, violence, Newfoundland, criminal trials Introduction In recent years, the custom of Christmas mumming has assumed a prominent position within Newfoundland’s cultural iconography. Participants in this custom, as it takes place on the island today, conceal their identities by adopting various disguises and by modifying their speech, posture and behaviour; they then travel in groups from house to house within their communities, where they may entertain their hosts with music and dancing.