(19) &   

(11) EP 1 915 997 A1

(12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC

(43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 30.04.2008 Bulletin 2008/18 A61K 36/48 (2006.01) A61K 8/97 (2006.01) A61K 36/18 (2006.01) A61K 36/70 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 06780703.2 A61P 17/14 A61Q 7/00 A23L 1/30 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 30.06.2006 (86) International application number: PCT/JP2006/313146

(87) International publication number: WO 2007/020755 (22.02.2007 Gazette 2007/08)

(84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventor: KOHNO, Kenji AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-0004 (JP) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR (74) Representative: Rutherford, Jodie Frank B. Dehn & Co. (30) Priority: 12.08.2005 JP 2005261312 St Bride’s House 01.02.2006 JP 2006024532 10 Salisbury Square London EC4Y 8JD (GB) (71) Applicant: KOHNO, Kenji Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-0004 (JP)

(54) AGENT FOR HAIR GROWTH

(57) The aim of this invention is to offer a novel agent essed Cynanchum bungei Decne extracts ,preferably for hair growth, which has excellent hair growth effects further comprising Longan seed and/or Longan seed ex- but not side effects. The agent for hair growth of the tracts as active ingredients. This agent for hair growth present invention is characterized by comprising a proc- has no side effects when used externally or internally, it essed semi-mature soybean and/or a processed semi- can notably improve hair growth within a short period of mature soybean extracts and at least one substance se- time; ranging from 6 to 12 weeks, can return hair to its lected from the group consisting of a processed Polygoni normal hair colour (for example from white to black) and Multiflori Radix, processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix ex- can improve the gloss of hair. tracts, a processed Cynanchum bungei Decne or proc- EP 1 915 997 A1

Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 EP 1 915 997 A1 2

Description tonics (a term of Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law)), which have components extracted from herbal medicines FIELD OF THE INVENTION and foods. These tonics are easily obtainable, but the hair growth effect is insufficient. On the other hand, hair [0001] This invention relates to a hair growth. More 5 tonics, which are classified as drugs (a term of Japanese specifically, this invention relates to a substance which Pharmaceutical Affairs Law) and are used as antihyper- has an excellent hair growth effect and is very safety. tensive and male hormone inhibitor, have some hair growth effect, but their side effects are severe. Further, BACKGROUND ART in order to be able to purchase drug hair tonics it is nec- 10 essary to see a doctor and obtain a prescription. [0002] Alopecia and thin hair are some of the most [0008] It is therefore understandable, that I am con- common problems for mankind in the world. It is consid- sulted by a lot of patients with hair trouble who claim, that ered that various factors, for example, excessive activa- they have never found a useful tonic. tion of male hormones, decrease of blood flow to the hair follicle and excessive secretion of sebum etc. may cause 15 Patent document 1: JP 2001-238637 A alopecia and thin hair. These factors may be cause by Patent document 2: JP 2002-053434 A aging, stress or/and life styles etc. Patent document 3: JP H08-127517 A [0003] Hair restorers, that are being suggested or put Patent document 4: JP H03-206019 A on the market today can, for example, consist of various Patent document 5: JP H06-227946 A’ herbal extracts, food extracts and vasodilator chemical 20 Patent document 6: JP H06-100421 A compounds, which can eliminate the cause of alopecia Patent document 7: JP 2002-145732 A and thin hair. [0004] Up to now, it was suggested that isoflavone etc. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION contents in soybean, had an effects on hair growth, there- fore soybean was used as a component of a hair restorer. 25 Problem to be solved by the invention For example, in the patent document 1 (JP 2001-238637A), it was disclosed that food components [0009] The aim of this invention is to offer a novel agent which contained extracts of millet and ginkgo leaf and for hair growth, which has excellent hair growth effects isoflavones extracted from soybean etc. have a positive but not side effects. effect on hair growth. In the patent document 2 (JP 30 2002-053434 A), it was disclosed that a hair tonic con- Means for solving the problem tained isoflavone extracted from soybean and/or kudzu. And, in the patent document 3 (JP H08-127517 A), it was [0010] The inventor of this invention found that the disclosed that black soybean broth was included into an processed semi-mature soybean has significantly en- external hair growth tonic and an external anti hair loss 35 hanced effects on hair growth compared to the raw or agent as a compound. And, it was also suggested to ap- fully matured form. The processed semi-mature soybean ply herbal medicines, such as Polygoni multiflori Radix was obtained by removing the typical taste of the raw etc. to a hair growth tonic. soybeans without pulverizing them by excessive heating. [0005] In the patent document 4 (JP H03-206019 A), On completion of this invention, the inventor established it was also described that dark soybean, Polygoni multi- 40 that the processed semi-mature soybean plays an im- flori Radix etc. were used as external components for portant role as a ingredient in the agent for hair growth. restoring lost hair. And, in the patent document 5 (JP [0011] In the agent for hair growth of the invention, the H06-227946 A), it was described that herbal medicine inventor combined the processed semi-mature soybean extracts, such as extracts of ginseng etc. which were and the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix or the proc- extracted with alcohol such as "Huangjiu" (yellow rice or 45 essed Cynanchum bungei Decne to increase synergy millet wine; a type of Chinese alcohol) etc. were used for effect on hair growth. In here, the processed Polygoni promoting hair growth. Multiflori Radix and processed Cynanchum bungei Dec- [0006] Further, in regard to the Sapindaceous plant ne were made from raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix and raw Longan (Euphoria Longana (Lour.) Steud.), it is common Cynanchum bungei Decne, obtained by soaking them in knowledge that components extracted from the flesh of 50 dark soybean extracts and alcohol. Further, the color and the Longan fruit with water and/or organic solvents had gloss of hair can be improved by increasing the content positive effects on hair growth and restoring hair (patent of Longan seed. In addition, in the agent for hair growth document 6: JP H06-100421 A). And, it was described of the invention, the extracts of the processed semi-ma- that The Longan seed extracts have a moisturizing effect ture soybean, the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and can be mixed into an external skin preventive (patent 55 the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne and the Lon- document 7: JP 2002-145732 A). gan seed can be combined. [0007] However, as mentioned above, the convention- [0012] The agent for hair growth of the invention can al hair tonics (in Japan are classified into the quasi-drug be taken orally or can be added to foods or drinks. On

2 3 EP 1 915 997 A1 4 the other hand, it also can be prepared as an external ingredients 3. product. THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION Effect of the invention 5 [0016] What is hair growth? "Keeping the current hair [0013] In this invention the positive results of the agent health, preventing hair loss and increasing the strength for hair growth is based on the use processed semi-ma- of hair", is the definition by the Japan Hair Science As- ture soybean, processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, proc- sociation. The effects of hair growth in this invention ba- essed Cynanchum bungei Decne, and Longan seed etc. sically support this definition. To be more specific, it can as active ingredients. Especially, this agent for hair 10 improve hair thickness, hair color and hair gloss. New growth has no side effects when used externally or inter- hair grew on the scalp where hair had already been lost, nally, it can notably improve hair growth within a short in other words, it enhances hair-growth (in Japanese pro- period of time; ranging from 6 to 12 weeks, can return nunciation is "Hatsumou") . The meaning of the hair hair to its normal hair colour (for example from white to growth effects in this invention includes this "Hatsumou" black) and can improve the gloss of hair. 15 effect, the meaning has a wide sense. [0014] Moreover, existing hair tonics usually are of- [0017] Now, I want to explain the manufacturing meth- fered as capsules or tablets types and therefore not con- ods of each component within the invention such as the venient to take, because they resemble drugs/medica- processed semi-mature soybean, the processed Poly- tion. The agent for hair growth of the invention has not goni Multiflori Radix, the processed Cynanchum bungei only an excellent hair growth effect, but also can be re- 20 Decne and Longan seed and the composition ratio of the garded as a delicious food, for example in form of a cook- invention. I also want to explain how to use the invention ie, a.rice cracker, an Okaki (a Japanese cake), an Arare as follows. (a Japanese cake), Japanese cakes and cracker etc..., which might, in the opinion of the inventor enhance the The components in the invention use. In this sense, the agent for hair growth of the inven- 25 tion is an important chapter in the hair tonic history. "The processed semi-mature soybean"

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING [0018] The raw material of the processed semi-mature soybean in this invention is soybean (Binomial name; [0015] 30 Glycine max (L.) Merr.), it belongs to Glycine, Fabaceae and the color of its seeds is yellow. This kind of soybean Figure 1 shows changes in the degree of alopecia originates in China. It was brought to Japan during the and thin hair before and after taking the agents of Yayoi period and was permeated during the Kamakura hair growth of this invention. There are significant period. results of hair growth in the following groups; the 35 [0019] In Japan, soybeans are mainly classified as yel- compound ingredients 1 group, the compound ingre- low soybeans, blue soybeans, black soybeans according dients 2 group and the compound ingredients 3 to the color of the seed coat. Yellow soybeans are usually group. called "soybean (Daizu)", and are generally used as raw Figure 2 shows a subject’ s hair condition before and material for boiled soybean, natto, bean curd and miso after taking the agent of hair growth (A: Before taking, 40 etc. Blue soybeans are used as rawmaterial for soybean B: after taking). These data support the results flour and Japanese-style confectionery. Black soybeans shown in figure 1. The hair growth effect of the com- are usually called "black soybean (Kuromame)" and are pound ingredients 1 was confirmed in this figure. used as food. Figure 3 shows a subject’s hair condition before and [0020] Any kind of soybean can be used as raw mate- after taking the agent of hair growth (C: Before taking, 45 rial for the processed semi-mature soybean in this inven- D: after taking). These data support the results in tion. The yellow soybean however is especially suitable figure 1. The hair growth effect of the compound in- for the processed semi-mature soybean. Further, soy- gredients 2 was confirmed in this figure. beans are subdivided into large-grained, kmiddle- Figure 4 shows a subject’s hair condition before and grainedand small-grained soybeans, according to the after taking the agent of hair growth (E: Before taking, 50 size of the seeds. Any sizes of soybean can be used for F: after taking). These data support the results figure this invention. Furthermore, any soybean strain can be 1. The hair growth effect of the compound ingredi- used for this invention, too. ents 3 was confirmed in this figure. [0021] For this invention soybeans with its seed coat Figure 5 shows changes in the pain pattern at the or seed bud removed, or soybeans with its seed coat and hair root before and after taking the agent of hair 55 seed bud removed can be used as well as soybeans growth in this invention. The sensation of pain was irradiated with gamma rays. increased in the groups of the compound ingredients [0022] It was reported that sitosterols, lipids, peptides, 1, the compound ingredients 2 and the compound isoflavones, saponins and polysaccharides extracted

3 5 EP 1 915 997 A1 6 from soybeans or soybean ferment extract etc. have hair "Processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix" growth effect. However, raw soybean has a stimulating effect on the stomach and according to JP 2004-182687 [0026] The processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix in the A, reactants of the enzyme hydrolysis of soybean pro- agent for hair growth of this invention was obtained by teins have a "hair growth inhibitor effect" instead of a hair 5 soaking black soybean extracts and liquors to raw Poly- growth effect. For this invention, raw soybeans were goni Multiflori Radix. Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshou- processed to the processed semi-mature soybeans. wu) is the dry root of Polygonum Multiflorum (binomial These processed semi-mature soybeans are save, have name: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.). It was recorded high hair growth effects and thus can be used for the in the book "Kai Yuan Ben Cao" during the Song Dynasty invention. 10 in China. The dry root is referred to as "raw Polygoni [0023] In this invention, "the processed semi-mature Multiflori Radix", and that treated with heat as "mature soybean" refers to soybeans that were prepared with Polygoni Multiflori Radix". heat in order to remove their typical taste found in their [0027] Polygoni Multiflori Radix includes components raw form without pulverizing them by excessive heating. of various kinds of dianthrones such as emodin, rhein, [0024] For the heating process any kind of heater can 15 aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, etc. as well as be use for this invention, for example, gas stove, oven, components of 2, 3, 5, 4-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta- microwave oven, toaster etc. In laboratories and factories D-glucoside, 3-methyl-1, 6, 8-tri-hydroxyanthraquinone, hot plates, a mantle heater, an electric furnace, a mule 2,6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, 1,2-propanediol-1-(4-hy- heater, a Maki bill type heater, a throw type heater, a lab droxy-phenyl), emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucoside, 8-O-beta- heater, an electric stove and etc. Moreover, any small 20 D-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol 8-O-beta-D-glucop- cooking tool can be used. yranoside, torachrysone 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, [0025] The methods for making processed semi-ma- aloe-emodin 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, chrysopha- ture soybeans are not restricted to the following methods. nol 8-O-beta-D-(6’-O-malonyl)glucopyranoside, (+)- Moreover, heating conditions may vary due to the follow- lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside, 2,3,4’, ing factors; modality of the heat instrument, volume of 25 5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilberie-2-O-beta-D-glucopyrano- the soybeans and whether the soybean was soaked in si d,2,3,4’,5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene-2,3-di-O-beta- water or not, etc. D-glucop yranoside, Me indole-3-(L-alpha-amino-alpha- hydroxypropionate), citreorosein, Me gallate, anthraqui- (1) Preheat a frying-pan on a gas stove, then put the nones, sennoside A, sennoside B, etc. soybeans into the frying-pan, stir the soybeans from 30 [0028] Further characteristics of Polygoni Multiflori Ra- thirty seconds up to ten minutes (desirably one to dix include containing a large amount of Ca, Fe, Cu, K, five minutes) while keeping the temperature a the Mn, Zn, and P for the average content of the plant. same, medium level. [0029] Polygoni Multiflori Radix contains a kind of An- (2) Put the soybeans in boiling water (90°C to 100°C) torakinon component. Therefore, if taking Polygoni Mul- for three seconds up to sixty minutes (preferably ten 35 tiflori Radix in its raw form, an individual will either develop seconds to ten minutes, more preferably thirty sec- loose stool, light diarrhoea or diarrhoea. For this reason onds to three minutes) to heat the beans. Instead of Polygoni Multiflori Radix is usually taken in its mature the hot water, any kind of food oil (for examples, sal- form. Mature Polygoni Multiflori Radix has the effects of ad oil, sesame oil, frying oil, safflower oil, olive oil nourishing and strengthening and is used to treat tinnitus, and processed element oil, and its kinds are not re- 40 grayhair, sleeplessness, defective sperm growth, decline stricted especially) can be used. The oil temperature of the lower body, hyperlipemia, chronic hepatitis, neu- was between 60°C to 480°C, prefrerably 100°C to rasthenia, etc. Recently, based on its effect of decreasing 300°C, more preferably 180°C to 250°C. Other than serum cholesterol, it has been added to various hair ton- boiling water and food oil all edible liquids can be ics to control the sebum secretion of the skin on the scalp used. 45 (for example, JP H02-48514 A, etc.). However, when (3) Soak soybeans in warm water (within the range used on its own mature Polygoni Multiflori Radix is insuf- of 30°C to 90°C, preferably 60°C to 80°C) for ten ficient in stimulating hair growth, and so is often used in minutes to three days. combination with other medicinals. (4) Put the soybeans into a steamer etc. and heat [0030] On the other hand, black soybean belongs to the beans by using steam of 100°C to 380°C (pref- 50 Glycine, Fabaceae as previously stated, and the colour erably 150°C to 300°C) for three seconds up to sixty of the coating of its seed is black. Within Japan, Hokkaido minutes (preferably ten seconds to ten minutes, and Okayama Hyogo Prefecture are its chief districts of more preferably thirty seconds to three minutes.) production. It is thought to be effective in the treatment (5) Heat soybeans by using an oven at the range of of thrombosis, hypertension, liver complaints, diabetes, 200°C to 220°C for 20 minutes, then at 170°C for 30 55 common stone diseases, arthritis, weight loss, and can- minutes, and then at 150°C for 40 minutes. cer prevention. Black soybean is prepared in a variety of ways, including as a tea, milk, bean cake, cake, Okaki, miso, and stew.

4 7 EP 1 915 997 A1 8

[0031] Moreover, liquors that are in general use such Cynanchol, etc. as those used for drinking or cooking can be used to [0037] All the parts of Cynanchum bungei Decne . process the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix. The liq- have pharmacologic effects. Usually, the parts used in- uor "Huangjiu" is especially suitable in stimulating hair clude the root, stalk, and wisteria. The dried parts are growth. Huangjiu is an alcohol that ripens for a fair 5 referred to "raw Cynanchum bungei Decne". It is used amount of time (from 1 year to several decades), and its as an antiasthenic drug due to its effect of improving the raw material is chiefly glutinous rice and wheat malt. It’s function of the liver, kidneys and blood. name huang jiu - Chinese = ’yellow wine’ - is derived from [0038] For this invention, the processed Cynanchum its yellow colour, with a brown or amber glow. Since it is bungei Decne was obtained by using the same method ripened for an extended period of time, it is also known 10 that was employed in the processing of the Polygoni Mul- as lao jiumeaning "aged liquor" in Chinese. It was intro- tiflori Radix, i.e. soaking the raw Cynanchum bungei Dec- duced to Japan by Nakagawa Tadahide in the Edo period ne in black soybean extract and liquor (Huangjiu) and (Nakagawa Tadahide: "SinZokuKiMon", year 1799 A. heating, then drying it to obtain the processed Cynan- D.). "Shao xing jiu" is one kind of Huangjiu well-known chum bungei Decne. in Japan. The alcohol content of Huangjiu is roughly 15 14-20%. Depending on the time it is given to ripen, there "Longan seed" are a fewdifferences in the percentages. Huangj iu is commonly used for cooking in China, its country of origin. [0039] For this invention, "Longan seed" is the seed of [0032] For the purpose of deriving a sufficient hair the Longan plant (Binomial name: Euphoria Longana growth-stimulating effect of the Polygoni Multiflori Radix 20 (Lour.) Steud.). It is the fruit of an evergreen tree and used in this invention, I soaked the Polygoni Multiflori belongs to the Sapindaceae family, growing from South Radix in black soybean extract and liquor (Huangjiu), to Asia to Southeast Asia and China. In China, the flower then use the resulting product as the "processed Polygoni of Longan usually blooms from March until April, and its Multiflori Radix". In this case, the above-mentioned fruits are ripe from July until October. Longan contains "Black soybean extracts" are hot-water extracts which 25 components such as Uridine, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-fur- are obtained by boiling black soybeans. furaldehyde, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl 1-O-β-D-glucop- [0033] For this invention, the processed Polygoni Mul- yranoside, Et beta-D-glucopyranoside, 5-(hydroxyme- tiflori Radix was obtained by drying the compound ingre- thyl)-2-furfuraldehyde, alpha-and beta-amyrin, lupeol, dients which were then soaked together with the black 24-methylenelanost-8-en-3beta-ol, 24-methyleneparke- soybean extract and the liquor. It is desirable that these 30 ol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, 4 4-methyLongan seed- processes were condensed with a cooker whilst heating. teroLongan seed, 64-desmethyLongan seedteroLongan There are other processing methods one can use for ob- seed, etc. taining processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, therefore, [0040] Longan fruit is composed of the husk (testa one is not restricted to the method mentioned above. part) , the flesh (provisory testa) and the nucleus (seed). 35 Among these parts, the meat of has a peculiar sweetness "Processed Cynanchum bungei Decne" with thin smell and is consumed as a food. In China, the dried meat is known as "Longan meat" and is recognized [0034] For this invention, the processed Cynanchum as having a "blood tonifying" effect. In other words, it bungei Decne was used as the raw material to obtain the improves the circulation of the blood as well as its function processed Cynanchum bungei Decne , which is the 40 and therefore has been used since antiquity within the name of an herbal medicine (brand name). Usually, Cy- herbal medicine pharmacopeia. Moreover, in Japan the nanchum bungei Decne. (binomial name) is readily avail- blood-tonifying effect of Longan meat is recognized, con- able in herbal medicine markets. However, Cynanchum tributing to the Japanese Pharmacopeia as a traditional auriculatum Royle (Asclepiadaceae), Asclepias hastata herbal medicinal, and is used as an insurance drug. Bunge. Enum., Cynanchum hastatum Lamarck, Sym- 45 [0041] Until today, Longan seed is considered worth- phyoglossum hastatum (Bunge) Turczaninow, Vincetox- less as a food or medicinal substance and therefore its icum hastatum (Bunge) Kuntze are all marketed as raw value abandoned. Cynanchum bungei Decne though is a small amount, too. [0042] As far as the application of the hair growthtonic Inotherwords, the compounds contained within Cynan- is concerned, Longan seed can be used for either ’damp’ chumbungei Decne occur in several kinds of plants. This 50 or ’dry’ conditions. It is thought that the hair growth effect is to be admitted in China. is further increased when Longan seed is processed in [0035] The chief area of production of Cynanchum a similar way to the Polygoni Multiflori Radix. bungei Decne is Shandong province, China. Its natural growth in Japan has not been confirmed. "Extract of each ingredient" [0036] The compounds contained within Cynanchum 55 bungei Decne include Bungeiside A, Bungeiside B, [0043] Extracts obtained from processed semi-mature Bungeiside C, Bungeiside D, Blumenol, (-)Leucanthem- soybean, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Cynanchum bungei itol, beta-Sitosterol glucoside, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone, Decne and Longan seed with solvents, as well as dried

5 9 EP 1 915 997 A1 10 powders of these extracts, can be used for the agent for may be used. In addition, one may also select a super- hair growth. The extracts obtained from a prepared mix- critical fluid and a sub-critical fluid such as water, carbon ture comprising the powders of the processed semi-ma- dioxide, ethylene, propylene, ethanol, methanol, and am- ture soybean, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Longan seed and monia, etc. Cynanchum bungei Decne can be used. In addition, it is 5 possible to use a combination of non-extract and extract "Other ingredients" substances. [0044] The above extracts can be used for the agent [0049] Aside from the active ingredients mentioned for hair growth after one of the following procedures have above, the agent for hair growth in this invention can also been completed: concentrating the above extracts, dis- 10 be used by combining foods and beverages, raw food solving the dry extracts into water or a polarized solvent, substances or medicines, etc. For example, mixing raw or refining (such as through bleaching, deodorization, de- materials that improve health, natural medicinal materi- salination, etc.), or fragmenting those extracts that are als (such as curative plants, or curative animal products within the range in which their functionality is not com- or minerals), traditional Japanese drugs, traditional Chi- promised, with the use of a chromatograph. 15 nese drugs, Westernmedicines orother compounds with [0045] The above mentioned unprocessed as well as the extract material. Some exmples are enumerated be- processed (fragmented) extracts may be frozen or dried low. after being processed (or fragmented). The resulting mat- [0050] Tacasabrou is enumerated as one of the natural ter can be dissolved into a solvent or can be wrapped to medicinal materials. Tacasabrou (Eclipta prostrata L.) beshicl and the micro capsule etc. such as riposorm prior 20 belongs to the Asteraceae family. Its Japanese name is to use. Tacasabrou, is known as Hanliancao, Mohanlian, Li- [0046] Next, I would like to explain the methods of chang or Lichangcao in Chinese and is referred to Eclipta processing for the above mentioned extracts. in English. It has the effect of blackening hair (which is [0047] When preparing extracts of each active ingre- enhanced when used together with ginger). Tacasabrou dient contained within the agent for hair growth, it is de- 25 is an annual herb widely distributed from the temperate sirable that processing is done after either cutting, drying, zones to the tropics. In Japan, it grows in Honshu and or crushing each of the raw materials to enhance extrac- the southern regions, however not in Hokkaido. It grows tion efficiency,’ it is possible to extract the active ingre- in rice fields, in proximity to levees, and waterway walls, dients by using a supercritical fluid and a sub-critical fluid, etc. and is also referred to as a rice field weed. It has or by soaking in a solvent. To increase the extraction 30 white flowers that blossom from summer to autumn and efficiency when using the extraction solvent, it is better seems to have become a naturalized plant originally to stir the solvents or to homogenize the extraction in the brought from China with the introduction of rice farming. solvents. Regarding the temperature for extraction, it is After World War II, America introduced Tacasabrou to desirable that it be within a range of around 5°C to 10 Japan and became a naturalized plant. degrees lower than the boiling point of the solvent used. 35 [0051] For this invention, the Tacasabrou from any re- As far as the extraction time is concerned, although it gion may be used. Tacasabrou has an antibacterial, anti- differs depending on the kind of solvents along with the viral and anti-inflammatory effect and has been used as temperature used for extraction, it is desirable to be from a curative plant in China for 1000 years or more. From a about 1 minute to roughly 14 days. traditional Chinese medicine perspective, Tacasabrou is [0048] One is not especially restricted in regard to the 40 used to tonify the Kidneys (referred to in Japanese as kind of extraction solvents used. Water and the org-sol- "HoJin") as well as treat various hemorrhagic conditions. vents are enumerated, for instance, the following mate- [0052] As other natural plants or animals or minerals rials may be used as an org-solvent : alcohols and bu- though it is not restricted especially, for instance, the fol- tanols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propa- lowing can be enumerated; Mutongzi, Akebi’s Manx- nol, n-butanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, ethyleneglycol, 1,3- 45 ingjing, Mutong Ashitaba, Asunaro leaf, Gancha, Gan- butyleneglycol, propyleneglycol, dipropyleneglycol and chaduru, Amadokoro, Yamaren, Araragi, Awabirui’s ga- glycerin etc.; ethers such as diethyl ether and dipropyl ra, Shijueming, Ikarikusa, Yuliren, Izui, Yiwei, Itijiku’s mi, ether; esters such as butyl acetate and ethyl acetate etc.; Itijiku’s leaf, Ityou, Dao miao, weilingxian, Yanqianshe, ketones such as acetone and ethyl methyl ketone etc.; Yanlu, Yinchenhao, Mianyinchen, Yinyanghuo, Uikyou, organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid etc. , 50 Ukonn, wutou, wuji, wuzheigu, wumei, wuyao, Utubogu- dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofran, dioxane, sa’s huashui, Tuyuliang, Guobaijian, Uwaurusi, eijitu, and phenols, and other parents oily org-solvents (such ezoukogi, yanhusuo, yan ming cao, huangqi, ougonn, as chloroform, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, jianhuang, huangjing, huangtu, huangbo, yingpi, wang- toluene, xylene and vegetable lipids such as colza oil). buliuxing, huanglian, ootudirahuji, fangji, ooba- It is possible to use these solvents by selecting one or 55 ko’szhongzi, cheqianzi, oobako’s quancao, cheqiancao several among these. From a safety standpoint, water or diqiecao, yuanzhi, xiagucao, kaika, haijinsha, huailiuqi, ethanol is desirable. Moreover, physiologicalsaline, gositu, liuqi, jiezi, haisongzi, haitongpi, hairencao, maku- phosphoric acid buffer and phosphate buffer saline etc. ri, jiubai, aiye, yomogi, kaoosi, kaki’s leaf, kaki’s heta,

6 11 EP 1 915 997 A1 12 xiagucao, kezi, Gajyutu, Kakkou, Gegen, huashi, mushi, tianmuman, Tianmu, tianmendong, Donggua, kanokonnu, kamiture, kayaturikusa, kayanomi, garana, danggui, dahedanggui, dongkuizi, tnaghuma, dengxin, Kariraku, kezi, hualinomi, mugua,lougen, karokonn, ka- dengxinchao, dangshen, daodou, dongchongxiachao, lousji, kalouren, chuanliu, kawaratake, jixingzhu, ka- tangduhuo, tao ren, chenpi, dangyao,Senburi, tuguagen, warayomogi, yinchehao, ganjiang, guanzong, 5 tuguagen, tuguashi, duhuo, tangduhuo, yuxingchao, guanzhong, gancao, dongbeigancao, xibeigancao, kan- Dokudami, Jyuyaku, tusizi,Tochi fruits, duzhong, tu- nzou, zhigancao, guanzhong, kuandonghua, kuan- tongchao, tufulin, shanguilai, tubiejia, biejia, Liaobuzhi donggen, Hanliancao, kikyou, jigen, juhua, hangjuhua, (Toritomarazu), mumu,Tonburi, Difuzhi, Nazuna, Na- zhizi, zhishi, zhike, kisasage, jixing, jixingzhu, beishash- tamame, baidaodou, roudou, roudoukou, Natsumeru, en, jicaogen, jipi, kihada, huangbo, guiban, gimunema- 10 Narukoyuri roots, huangjing, nantianshi, nantianye, nan- sirubesuta, huguama, qianghuo, xingren, yuzhu, kirann- manmao, Nigaki, Rouchongrong, roudou, jinmu, ruxiang, kusa, jinyingzi, jingan, jinyinhua, yinchaihu, jinzhencai, Niwatoko, Niwatoko leaf, Ninjin, Gosyuninjin, shenggan- jinqiancao, Mizuhik, Xianhecao, fruit of Guaba, Panguo, renshen, shensairenshen, baishen, qushen, maorensh- Guaba, Goujizi, kukonomi. Kukonogenpi, digupi, goujiye, en, rendong, Nezu fruits, dusongzi, Nezumimochi, kushen, kuzunonemodo, gegen, gouji, kutinasi, Juma, 15 nvzhenzi, beimu, chuanbeimu, chuanbei, maiya, baijiezi, Kumassa, Xiongliu, kurumi, kuchenpi, heiwenzi, sangca, boziren, baidou, baixianpi, baitouweng, baitaohua, baid- sangye, sangdeshi, keigai, jingjie, jixueteng, guizhi, aodou, bainantian, nantianshi, baibiandou, biandou, guipi, guitongguipi, guangnanguipi, dongxingguipi, manmendong, kaibianmaimendong, bagetian,pohuzhi, yueguishiye, ketumeixi, maorenshen, qianniuzi, kennjitu, Hakobe,biajiaoshi,Lianzhi,bajiao,dahuixiang, bohe, quanshen, xuanshen, gennnosyouko, miaoyi, maiyatan- 20 Juemingzhi, Paozhi-Juemingzhi, Hanamotsu, Habu-ku- ghuayi, honghua, hehuanpi, hangjuhua, jiangxiang, kou- sa, Houji-Habucya, binqianshe, binfangfeng, panguo, si, xiangxu, hongshen, xiangfuzi, genmi, houpi, houpishi, banxia, Banzakuro leaf, banzhilian, panshiliuye, pang- haoben, niuhuang, wujiashen, niuxi, huainiuxi, cuanxi, dahai, dahaizi, bannagen, Hikai, bianhua, bianhuadege, wuzhuyu, gushuibu, hutaorou, wubeizi, hupo, niupangzi, Hikiokosi, yanmingchao, maorenshen, maorenshen, huma, wuweizi, huyuba, caihu, caihumu, xixin, za- 25 lindeshi, ganye, mazi, tanghuma, baihe, baizhi, baishu, kuroguopi, shiliuguopi, sahurann, shuoyang, shanguilai, baitan, baiwen, baibugen, baihuasheshechao, Bai- shanzhazi, shanzharou, shancigu, shanjizi, chansha, jiangchan, baijiangchan, hiru, shuizhi, pipaye, binglang- Shanzhuyu, shanjiao, shandougen, Shaunzhaoren, zi, fupenzi, fuling, fuzi, paofuzi, Biejia, tubiejia, Hongyin- shanbiandou, shanyao, Sanlin, dihuang, shudihuang, zi- ghua, bianxu, fangyi, maogen, mangchong, fangfei, yan, zihuadiding, sigualou, chiwujia, digupi, zigen, yingzi- 30 puhuang, Bokusou, pugongyinggen, buguzhi, pohuzhi, gen, ruanzigen, chishi, zishiyan, zishuzi, lizi, Jilizhi, situr- mudanpi, muli, kuihua, mahuang, qujiemahuang, ma- isi, Difuzhi, Jiugancao, chishizhi, shaoyao, huanggen, Makuri, hairenchao, maziren, Matatabi, tian- daheshaoyao, daoxieshaoyao, chishao, shechuangzi, muman, Matatabi fruits, tianmushi, chongliu, songdeshi, shashen, beishashen, cheqianzi, cheqiancao, syamusi, haisongzi,’songye, songteng, Matsuyani, songzhi, man- chongweizi, xiuzhifuzi, shudihuang, shusha, zonglushi, 35 jinzi, mimenghua, Mitsurou, Sarasimituryou, Mirobaran, shengjiao, syouga, songzi, xiaomai, cangpu, cangpugen, kezi, wuhuaguo, wuhuanguo, wuhuaguoye, wuhuanguo shengma, jiaomu, xiaolianqiao, diqiecao, nuzenzi, di- leaf, mumu, Mugunoki, mianyinchen, muzhe, mutong, long, dilonggan, xinyi, Jinqi, shenju, liushenju, qinjiu, mutianmiao, Matataminoryu, mugua, muxiang, toadeye, suikazuradejingye, rendong, suikazuranohana, jinyin- menjin, shegan, yizhi, yizhiren, yimuchao, yejiaoteng, hua, shuizhi, sugina, dougu, xianggu, seisousi, qingdai, 40 shicheshi, Yatsumeran, xiaongdan, Yukinosita, Yuzuri qingpi, xiyangrenshen, chishao, shicanggen, shisongzi, leaf, Baihe root, baihe, Yuyiren, Aiye, aiye, leiwan, laizhi, shiliuguopi, shijieming, shigao, shidou, jiegupu, zeratinn, luopuzi, luohanguo, luopuzi, ligenpi, longyanrou, liujinu, xianhecao, quanxie, cuanxiong, cuanyujin, qianhu, longgu, Magnesium sulfate, longdan, liangjiang, gao- cuanke, cuangu, cuanxi, xicaogen, cantui, sennna, cuan- liangjiang, lvdou, lingzhi, lianqiao, lianqianchao, Kakitoo- bei, xuanfuhua, sennburi, xianmao, Chuanglianzi, 45 si, lianrou, Lianzhi, lurong, lufengfang, lulutong, heqian- caoguo, zhaojiaochi, zhaojiaozi, Zhaojia, Zhuyazhaojia, ghuo, honghua, liulonghuang, lurongdabiwan, zhiyun- shangshenzi, shangdeshi, cangerzi, cangshu, guli- gao, Herbal medicine plaster of Utida, Bath preparation cangshu, caodou, samgbaipi,sangqiao, sangye, sangd- of Utida, yunnanhuangjin, yunnanpianyujin, yunnantian- eye, chebuye, shumu, shuye, dahuixiang, dahuang, jin- qi, tianqirenshen, lingzhi, lingzhifeng, New Caihor ioniz- wendahuang, dahaizi, dagencao, dagendezhongzi, 50 ing calcium of Ki chitosan and Tida of agaricus processed luopuzi, daizheshi, daqingye, Dazhao, nazime, dafupi, food and Utida, Asreb, fengmi, and adlay processed food, gaoyuancao, zhexie, zhelan, Ta-merikku, yujin, kuragen- Pual tea, Caki No leaf, Nacacha, and Megsrinoki tea, etc. pu, danshen, danzhuye, zhuye, tannpopodegen, Moreover, the following herbal medicines can be enu- pugongyinggen, zhuru, Zhuru, zhujierenshen, zhuye, merated, too. Prunella vulgaris L., Prunella hispida zhimu, chaye, diyu, dixiang, dizi, diaotenggou, zhuling, 55 Benth., Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv., Ophioglos- chenpi, tsuchiakebi, tutongchao, luchao,Tsurudokuda- sum thermale Kom. , Ophioglossum reticulatun L., O. mi’s root, Tsuruna, bingqianshe,Tinglizhi, Tio- petiolatum Hook., Cirrhopetalum henryi Rolfe, Stephania anzhuhuang, tianzhuhuang, tiannanxing, tianma, tian- graciliflora Yamamoto, Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.)

7 13 EP 1 915 997 A1 14

Rehad., Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching, Senecio di- Li, Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham, Sparganium anthusFranch., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Tetrastigma simplex Huds., Sparganium stoloniferum Maxim., Gynu- delavayi Gagn., Veronica spuria L., Achillea alpina L. ra segetum (Lour.) Merr., Campylotropis cavaleriei Achillea wilsoniana (Heim.) Heim., Indigofera pseudot- (Levl.) C. Y. wu, Ribes tenue Jancz. Var. viridi. Florum inctoria Matsun., Indigofera parkesiiCraib, Anotis ingrata 5 Cheng, Scopolia acutangula C. Y. wu et C. Chen, Sau- (wall.) Hook. f., Begonia wilsonii Gagn., Ligularia nelumb- rurus chinensis (Lour.) Baill., Viola tricolor L., Oxalis grif- ifolia (Bur. et Franch. )Hand. -Mazz., Parochetus com- fithii Edgew. Et Hook. f., Parthenocissus heterophylla munis Ham., Kyllinga monocephala Rotth., Pittosporum (B1.) Merr., Chlorophytum laxum R. Br., Pachysandra glabratun Lindl., Solidago virga-aurea L. var. leiocarpa stylosa Dunn, Cinnamomum tamala (Ham.) Nees et (Benth.) A. Gray, Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum., 10 Eberm. , Lysimachia insignis Hemsl., Anaphalis bicolor Maianthemum bifolium F. w. Schm., Schisandra bicolor (Franch.) Diels, Neocinnamomum delavayi H. Liou, Cim- Cheng, Limonium bicolor (Bge.) O. Ktze., Piper boehme- icifuga acerima(Sieb. Et Zucc.) Tanaka., Lindera obtusi- riaefolium wall. var. tomkinense C. DC., Rosamultiflora loba Bl., Vicia unijuga A. Br., Trifolium repens L., Cyperus (Thunb.) var. platyphylla Thory, Mahonia bealer (Fort.) iria L., Berberis sargentiana Schneid., Berberis brachy- Carr., Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde Mahonia japonica 15 poda Maxim., Berberis dictyophylla Franch. Var. epru- (Thunb.) DC., Syzygium cromaticum (L.) Merr. Et perry, inosa Schneid., Berberisdiaphana Maxim.,Tylophora Erycibe obtusifolia Benth., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) ovata(Lindl.)Hook. et Steud., Tylophora crebriflora, Evo- Merr. et Perry, Zornia diphylla Pers., Cornus macrophylla dia tepta (Spr. ) Merr. , Evodia lepta (Spr.) Merr., Sauru- wall., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Et Perry, Zornia rus chinensis (Lour.) Baill., Clerodendron serratum (L.) diphylla Pers., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 20 Spr., Clerodendron serratum (L.) Spr. Var. amplexifolium Mak., Schefflera arboricola Hayata, Schefflera venulosa Moldenke, Potentilla freyniana Bornm., Potentilla freyni- (wight et Arn.) Harms, Buddleia lindleyana Fort., Macro- ana Bornm. Var. sinica Migo, Scleria elata Thw., Poten- panax rosthornii (Harms) C.Y. wu ex Hoo, Mosla cava- tilla freyniana Bornm., Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) leriei Levl., Actinodaphne obovata Bl., Alocasia cucullata Grev., Enteromorpha prolifera (Mull) J. Ag., E. cinoressa (Lour.) Schott., Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. , Akebia 25 (L.) Grev., E. intestinalis (L.) Link., Zingiber officinale trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz., Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.)Koidz. Rose., Rhus verniciflua Stokes, Brassica chinensis L., var. australis (Diels) Rehd. Holboellia latifolia wall., H.an- Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch., Rehmannia gustifolia wall., Lampetra japonica (Martens), Hydrangea glutinosa Libosch., F. hueichingensis (Chao et Schih) macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. , GaliumaparineL. Galiu- Hsiao, Corydalis tomentella Franch., Ipomoea hungai- masperifolium wall., Cacalia ainsliaeflora (Franch.) 30 ensis Lingelsh. Et Borza., Odontobutis obscura (T. et S.), Hand.-Mazz., Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) woods. , Dys- Discolia vittifrons Sch., Evolvulus alsinoides L. , Illicium osma veitchii (Hemsl. et wils.) Fu, Alangium chinense henryi Diels, Illicium yunnanensis Franch., Talinum pan- (Lour.) Harms, Alangium platanifolium , Harms Alan- iculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Senecio Chrysanthemoides giumlamarckii, Illicium verum Hook. f., Illiciumlanceola- DC., Rumex madaio Mak., SInula helenium L., Equise- tum A. C. smith, Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Herminium 35 tum debile Roxb., Roscoea intermedia Gagn., Bol- monorchis (L.) R. Br., Panax ginseny C. A. Mey, Drac- bostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet, Achyranthes ontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. et. Rolf, Dracontomelon bidentata B1., Acyranthes longifolia Mak., Achyranthes dao (Blanco) Merr. et. Rolf, Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) aspera L., Stanlianthus thorelii gagn., Platanthera chlo- DC., Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook., Euphorbia rantha Cust. Ex Rehb., Melothria indica Lour., Melothria hylonoma Hand.-Mazz., Cayratia corniculata (Benth.) 40 heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn., Arisaema intermedium B1., Gagn., Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, Bauhinia Asparagus filicinus Ham. ex D. Don, Asparagus meio- championi (Benth.) Benth., Thesium longifolium Turcz., clados Levl., Aralia cordata Thunb., Angelica gigas Na- Thesium himalense Royke, Silene tenuis willd., Silene kai, Lysimachia insignis Hemsl., Hypericum bellum L., tenuis willd. var. rubescens Frahch., Murraya paniculata Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) wall., Unio sp., Hedy- (L.) Jack., Polygonum rude Meissn., Aspongopus chin- 45 chium coronarium Koen., Hedychium spicatum Ham., ensis Dallas, Asplenium varians wall., Anemone altaica Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb., Odontobutis obscu- Fisch., Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rot- ra (T. et S.), Pseudolarix kaempferiGord., Chenopodium tb.Kukenth.), Bauhinia championi (Benth.) Benth., Mur- ambrosioidesL., Smilax glabra Roxb., Smilax lanceaefo- raya paniculata(L.) Jack., Calanthe discolor Lindl., lia Foxb. var. opaca A. DC., S. mairei Levl., S. menisper- Calanthe tricarinata Lindl., Euphorbia hylonoma 50 moiden DC., Alpinia japonica Miq., Cephalotaxus sinesis Hand.-Mazz., Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Brem., Ca- (Rehd. et wils.), Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Forkes) K. navaliagladiata (Jacq.) DC., Ainsliaea triflora Koch var. harringtonia C. V. Fastigiata, Origanum vulgare (Buch.-Ham.), Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC., wikstro- L., Canpanumoea javanica B1., Berberis julianae Sch- emia indica (L.) C. A. Mey., Panax pseudo-ginseng wall. neid., Berberis gagnepainii Schneid , Hudrangea strigo- var. notoginseny (Burkill) Hoo&Tseng, Panax pseudo- 55 sa Rehd., Hydrangea umbellate Rehd., Hydrangea pan- ginseng wall. var. elegantior (Burkill) Hoo&Tseng, Panax iculata Sieb., Discolia vittifrons Sch., Apios fortunei Max- pseudo-ginseng wall. var. wangianus (Sun) Hoo&Tseng, im., wikstroemia dolichantha Diels, Collocalia inopina Panax pseudo-ginseng wall. var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) Thayer et Bangs., Achilea wilsoniana (Heim.) Heim., Ta-

8 15 EP 1 915 997 A1 16 linum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Rumex madaio Mak., (Franch.) Harms., Endospermum chinense Benth., Vaccinium fragile Franch., Euphorbia prolifera Gelsemium elegans Benth., Mariscus umbellatus Vahl, buch.-Ham., Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) wall., Pollia aclisia Hassk., Ligularia lapathifolia (Franch.) Lonicera confusa DC., Vaccinium fragile Franch., Goua- Hand.-Mazz., Vaccinium dunaliamum wight. var. uro- nia leptostachya DC., Hordeum vulgare L., Ziziphus ju- 5 phyllum Rehd. et wils., Gaultheria forrestii Diels, Polistes juba Mill. var. inermis (Bge.) Rehd., Rheum palmatum mandarinus Sauss., Torricellia angulata Oliv. var. inter- L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Reg., Rheum offi- media (Harms) Hu, Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. var. cuinale Baill., Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., Knoxia vale- chinensis Dunn ex Shan et Liou, Rhynchoglossum ob- rianoides Thorel, Euphorbia soongarica Boiss., Euphor- liquum Bl.,Elsholtzia penduliflora w.w.Smith,Stellaria bia pekinensis Rupr. var. japonensis Mak., Euphorbia 10 paniculigera Mak.,Mallotusbarbatus (wall.) Muell.-Arg., pontica Prokh, Alliumsativum L, Allium scorodoprasum Thalictrum faberi Ulbr., Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) L., Cirsiumjaponicum DC., Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. Benth. et Hook. f., Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching, et Bouche, Leibnitzia anandria (L.) Nakai, Bauhinia faberi Ophiopogon dracaenoides (Bak.) Hook. f., Uncaria mac- Oliv., Rubus multibracteatus Levl. & Vant., Hydnocarpus rophylla wall., Indigofera teysmannii Miq., Isodon nervo- anthelmintica Pier., Colysis henryi (Bak.) Ching., 15 sus (Hemsl.) Kudo, Euonymus grandiflorus wall., Marsdenia griffithii Hook. f. , Adenosma indanum (Lour.) Bauhinia pernervosa L. Chen, Chonemorpha megacalyx Merr., Gryllus testaceus walker., wisteria venusta Rehd. Pier., Clematis argentilucida (Levl. et Vant.) w. T. wang, et wils., Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv. ) Rehd. et wils., Moghania macrophylla (willd.) O. Ktze., Zanthoxylum Myrsine africana L., Hordeum vulgare L., Schisandra dissitum Hemsl., Indigofera teysmannii Miq., Moghania micrantha A. C. Smith, Alpinia galanga (L.) Swartz, He- 20 bracteata (Roxb.) Li, Crepis lignea (Van.) Babc., Lyco- liotropium indicum L., Adhatoda vasica Nees, Cleroden- podium pulcherrimum wall., Tagetes erecta L., Tagetes dron cyrtophyllum Turcz., Polygonum tinctorium Ait., Isa- minuta (T. glanduliflora), Rohdea japonica Roth, Crepis tis tinctoria L., I. indigotica Fort., Baphicacanthus cusia lignea (Van.) Babc., Viola diamantiaca Nakai, Clinopo- (Nees) Bremek., Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees, dium megalanthum (Diels) C.’ Y. wu et Hsuan, Ampelop- Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz., Neolepisorus ovatus 25 sis bodinieri (Levl. et Vant.) Rehd., Lepidogrammitis ros- (Bedd.) Ching, Schefflera delavayi (Franch.) Harms., Ul- trata (Bedd.) Ching, Lilium concolor Salisb., Gallus gallus mus tonkinensis Gagn., Alpinia speciosa K. Schum., Gi- jabouillei Delacour et Kinnear, Dioscorea opposita rardinia palmate (Forsk.) Gaud., Mussaenda erosa Thunb., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., D. deltoidea wall., Champ., Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz., Pistia Kaempferia galanga L., Allium japonicum Reg., Alpinia stratiotes L., Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maxim. 30 japonica Miq. , Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Crataegus ex Reg., R. officinale Baill., Heteropanax fragrans cuneata Sieb. et Zucc., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., C. (Roxb.) Seem., Dolichos falcatus Klein, Pouzolzia san- hupensis Sarg., C. sanguinea Pall., C. scabrifolia guinea (B1.) Merr., Parthenocissus laetevirens Rehd., (Franch.) Rehd., Crataegus oxyacantha, C. curvisepal- Vicia sativa L., Inula pterocaula Franch., Blumea densi- az, C. monogyna, Allium nipponicum Fr. et Sav., Piper flora (Heyne) DC., Areca catechu L., Musa paradisiacal 35 hancei Maxim., Melodinus suaveolens champ. ex Benth., L. var. sapientum O. Ktze., Indigofera tinctoria L., Lycoris Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., Psychotria rubra (Lour.) aurea Herb., Didissandra sesquifolia C. B. Clarke, Lippia Poir., Papaver nudicaule L. subsp. Amurense N. A. nodiflora Rich. var. sarmentosa Schou., Stylophorum la- Busch, Rheum franzenbachii Münt., Glycosmis citrifolia siocarpum (Oliv.) Fedde, Ampelocissus artemisiaefolia (willd.) Lindl., Desmodium racemosum (Thunb.) DC., Planch., Dobinea delavayi (Baill.) Engl., Euphorbia hirta 40 Clematis finetiana Levl. et Vant., Lilium concolor Salisb., L., Pterospermum grande Craib, Rubus setchuenensis Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f., Mussaenda parviflora Bur. et Franch., Anemone tomentosa (Maxim.) Pei, Cae- Miq., Aster ageratoides Turcz., Indigofera szechuenen- salpinia magnifoliolata Metcalf., Pteris nervosa Thunb., sis Craib., Helicteres angustifolia L., Asparagus lycopod- Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Uncaria macrophylla ineus wall. ex Beker, Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb.) wall., Mosla dianthera (Ham.) Maxim, Eucalyptus robus- 45 Nees, Garcinia multiflora Champ., Naemorhedus goral ta Sm., Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl., Machilus leptophyl- Hardwicke, Salix tetradenia Hand.-Mazz., Sophora sub- la Hand.-Mazz., Senecio orgzetorum Diels, Senecio vul- prostrata Chun et T. Chen, Menispermum daurteum DC., garis L., Hypericum przewalskii Maxim., Cayratia oligo- Indigofera fortunei Craib , I. amblyantha Craib, I. carpa (Levl. et Vant.) Gagn., Cruculigo capitulata (Lour.) ichangensis Craib, I. carlesii Craib, I. potaninii Craib, I. O. Ktze., Lysimachia phullocephala Hand.-Mazz., Cirsi- 50 kirilowii Maxim. et Palib., Dunbaria circinalis (Benth.) um eriophoroideum (Hook. f.) Petrak., Solanum spirale Bak., Beesia calthaefolia (Maxim.) Ulbr., Osyris wight- Roxb., Chrysosplenium hydrocotylifolium Levl. et Van. , iana wall. ex wight, Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Polygala chinensis L., Polytrichum commune Hedw., Argyreia seguinii (Levl.) Vaniot, Michelia yunnanensis Melastoma normale D. Don, Lysimachia christinae Franch., Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz. var. typical Hance, Lonicera similes Hemsl. var. delavayi (Franch.) 55 Anthony, Capricornis sumatraensis Bechstein, Pittospo- Rehd., Setaria faberii Herrm., Sanicula lamellijera rum glabratum Lindl., Ilex franchetiana Loes., Juniperus Hance,Saniculastapfiana wolff, Hostasieboldiana Engl., taiwaniana Hayata, Rosa sericea Lindl., Ixeris chinensis Bauhinia pernervosa L. Chen, Schefflera delavayi (Thunb.) Nakai, Lactuca elata Hemsl., Symplocos cau-

9 17 EP 1 915 997 A1 18 date wall., Symplocos racemosa Roxb. , Celastrus sty- et wils., Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, Fritillaria cirrhosa D. losus wall. ssp. glaber D. Hou, Trema dielsiana Hand. Don var. ecirrhosa Franch., Fritillaria delavayi Franch., -Mazz., Trema angustifolia Bl., Hieracium krameri Fr. et Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim, Fritillaria ussuriensis Max- Sav., Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl., Carlesia sinen- im., Fritillaria pallidiflora Schreb., Fritillaria maximowiczii sis Dunn, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., Camellia 5 Freyn, Fritillaria roylei Hook., Cyathula officinalis Kuan, japonica L., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Allium bulleya- Cyathula capitata (wall.) Moq., Aconitum carmichaeli De- num Diels , Isodon pubescens (Hemsl.) C. Y. wu et Hsu- bx., Aconitum japonicum Nakai, Ligusticum brachylobum an, Alpinia japonica Miq., Cassia mimosoides L., Polyg- Franch., Cheilanthes chusana Hook., Melia toosendan ala wattersii Hance, Mallotus nepalensis Muell.-Arg., Sieb. et Zucc., Melia azedarach L., Chloranthus serratus Carya cathayensis Sarg., Millettia speciosa Champ., 10 (Thunb.) Roem.et Schult., Serratula chinensis S. Moore, Lactuca indica L., Begonia yunnanensis Levl.,Codonop- Eupatorium chinense L., Desmodium styracifolium (Os- sis lanceolata Benth. et Hook., Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb., beck) Merr., Clematis apiifolia DC., Aster fastigiatus Tricyrtis pilosa wall., Clausena excavata Burm. f., Dianel- Fisch., Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv., Ligustrum lucidum la ensifolia (L.) DC., Alchornea davidi Franch., Psilope- Ait. , Melandrium apricum (Turcz.) Rohrb., Berchemia ganumsinense Hemsl., Zingiber mioga Rose., Pellionia 15 yunnanensis Franch., Triticum aestivum L., Lysimachia minima Mak., Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Clitoria deltoidea wight var. cinerascems Franch., Polygala ten- hanceana Hemsl., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major uifolia willd., Allium scorodoprasum L., Cephalanoplos N. E. Br., C. cuneata Sieb. et Zucc., Crataegus oxyacan- segetum (Bge.) Kitam., Cephalanoplos setosum (Bieb.) tha, C. monoguna, Carex baccans Nees, Rhodomyrtus Kitam., Berberis amurensis Rupr., Berberis poiretii Sch- tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk., Cremastra variabilis (Bl.) Nakai, 20 neid., Berberis thunbergii DC., Berberis wilsonae Hemsl., Pleione yunnanensis (Rolfe) Rolfe, Oreorchis patens B. sibirica Pall., B. anhweiensis Ahrendt., B. subacumi- (Lindl.) Lindl., O. foliosa Lindl., Orthosiphon wulfenioides nata C. K. Schneid., B. vulgaris L., Polygala sibirica L. (Diels) Hand.-Mazz., Rhus delavayi Franch., Prunus to- var. megalopha Fr., Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels, Ve- mentosa Thunb., Fortunella hindsi (Champ.) Swingle, ratrum mengtzeanum Loesen. f., Clematis lasiandra Dracocephalum moldavicum L., Lindera reflexa Hemsl.; 25 Maxim., Millettia pulchra Kurz var. typical f. laxior Dunn., Teucrium viscidum Bl., Teucrium scorodonia, Gutzlaffia Leontopodium japonicum Miq., Pyrrosia assimilis (Bak.) aprica Hance, Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir., Vigna vex- Ching, Salix hypoleuca Seem., Morus australis Poir., Ac- illata (L.) Benth. var. yunnanensis Franch., Vigna vexil- onitum bullatifolium Levl.,Aconitum pulchellum lata Benth., Viburnum foetidum wall. var. ceanothoides Hand.-Mazz., Tylophora yunnanensis Schltr., Lindernia (C. H. wright) Hand.-Mazz., Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) 30 mumularifolia (D. Don) wettst., Asparagus officinalis L., Benth., Sapium discolor (Champ.) Muell.-Arg., Mussaen- Pittosporum floribundum wight et Arn., Schisandra pro- da pubescens Ait. f., Musa paradisiacal L. subsp. Sem- pinqua (wall.) Baill. var. sinensis Oliv., Actinidia purpurea inifera (Lour.) K. Schum., Evodia trichotoma (Lour.) Pier., Rehd., Euphrasia regeliiwettst., Lyonia ovalifolia (wall.) Ilex franchetiana Loes., Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Drude, Polygonum chinense L. var. his Rubia yunnan- Miq., Lindera glauce (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl., Cudrania 35 ensis (Franch.) Diels, Parthenocissus himalayanaa cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kudo et Masam., Cassia mi- (Royle) Planch., Triticum aestuvum L., Micromelum in- mosoides L., Pleomele cambodiana (Gagn.) Merr. et tegerrimum (Ham.) Roem., Hypericum erectum Thunb., Chun, Cardiocrinum giganteum (wall.) Mak., Rhynchosia Ardisia punctata Lindl., Populus pseudo-simoniiKitag., dielsii Harms, Vicia amoena Fisch. , Vicia cracca L. , V. Inula cappa DC., Rosa cymosa Tratt., Jasminum f lori- pseudo-orobus Fisch. et Mey., Artemisia cina Berg., Cre- 40 dum Bge., Breynia patens (Roxb.) Benth., Leptadina ret- mastra variabilis (Bl.) Nakai, Pleione bulbocodioides ticulata, Delphinium yunnanense Franch., Delphinium (Franch.) Rolfe, Prunus tomentosa Thunb., Swertia pu- delavayi Franch., Crotalaria szemoensis Gagn., Stach- nicea Hemsl., Vitis amurensis Rupr., Acronychia pedun- yurus himalaicus Hook. f.et Thoms., Stachyurus chinen- culata (L.) Miq., Philadelphus sericanthus Koehne, Gom- sis Franch., S. yunnanensis Franch., S. obovatus (Rehd.) phrena globosa L., Moghania philppinensis (Merr. et 45 Li, S. retusus Yang, S. szechuanense Fang, S. salicifo- Rolfe) Li, Lindera chunii Merr., Homalomena occulta lius Franch., Spilanthes callimorpha A. H. Moore, Vicia (Lour.) Schott, Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham., Lycopo- hirsute (L.) S. F. Gray, Polygonum plebeium R. Br., Cla- dium serratum Thunb., Lycopodium serratum Thunb. donia verticillata Hoffm., Sanicula astrantifolic wolff ex var. thunbergii, Euphorbia lathyris L., E. amygdaloides, Kreschmer, Aleuritopteris kuhnii (Milde) Ching, Sedum Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. , Stephania japonica 50 bulbiferum Mak., Haloragis micrantha R. Br., Tetrastigma (Thunb.) Miers, Lythrum salicaria L., Lythrum anceps obtectum (wall.) Pl. var. glabrum Gagn., Berberis wilso- Mak., Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers, Stellaria yunnanensis nae Homsl., Sinocrassula sp., Euphorbia thymifolia L., Franch., Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Mak., Ligusti- Arenaria serpyllifolia L’., Rubus parkeri Hance, Aspleni- cum wallichiiFranch.,Cnidium officinala Mak., Clematis um pekinense Hance, Gentiana rhodantha Franch., armandi Franch., Clematis Montana Buch.-Ham., Clem- 55 Photinia parvifolia (Pritz.) Schneid, Rhododendron cap- atis apiifolia DC., C. henryi Oliv., C. pavoliniana Pamp., itatum Maxim., Rhododendron anthopogonoides Max- C. lesehenaultiana DC., C. armandi Franch. var. biondi- im., Agapetes mannii Hemsl., Morus australis Poir., Ziz- ana (Paval.) Rehd., C. gouriana Roxb. Var. finetii Rehd. iphora clinopodioides Lam., Striga masuria (Buch.-Ham.)

10 19 EP 1 915 997 A1 20

Benth., Selaginella davidii Franch., Lysimachia conges- (Neck.) Garcke, Melandrium apricum (Turcz.) Rohrb., tifloa Hemsl., Gardneria angustifolia wall., Boehmeria Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke., Pteris laeta (wall.) spicata (Thunb.) Thunb., Sopubia trifida buch.-Ham., Cy- Ching, Anoplophora chinensis (Frster), Apriona germari clea racemosa Oliv., Eragrostis Poaeoides Beauv., Ve- (Hope), Allium funckiaefolium Hand.-Mazz., Gastrodia ronica javanica Bl., Oreocharis flavida Merr., Dichondra 5 etata Bl., Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Mak., Aspara- repens Forst., Rosa cymosa Tratt. , Aletris spicata gus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., Asparagus filicinus ex (Thunb.) Franch., Aletris glabra Bureau et Franch., Brey- D. Don Ham., A. meioclados Levl.,A. spinasissimus wang nia patens (Roxb.) Benth., Cucubalus baccifer L., Les- et S.C. Chen, Asparagus racemosus, Triosteum pirinat- pedeza tomentosa (Thunb.)Sieb., Lespedeza capitata, ifidum Maxim., Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., Diuran- Ampelopsis humulifolia Bge, Lycopodium selago L., Iris 10 thera minor (C. H. wright) Hemsl., Hyoscyamus niger L., collettii Hook. f., Tripterospermum coeruleum Hygrophilasalicifolia (Vahl)Nees,Aristolochia debilis- (Hand.-Mazz. ex H. Sm.) H. Sm., Clematis gouriama Sieb. et Zucc., Aristolochia contorta Bge., Carpesium ab- Roxb. var. finetii Rehd. et wils., Croton lachnocarpus rotanoides L., Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Solanum Benth., Dasiphora parvifolia (Fisch.)Juz., Onychium indicum L., Physalis minima L., Hydrocotyle sibthorpio- japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze, Isodon amethystoides 15 ides Lam., Arisaema consanguineum Schott, Arisaema (Benth.) C.Y. wu et Hsuen, Carpinus cordata Bl. Var. amurense Maxim., Arisaema Heterophyllum B1., Arisae- chinensis Franch., Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. ma ambiguum Engl., Arisaema peninsulae Nakai, microcarpum (Kunth) B1., Dryoathyrium okuboanum Arisaema thunbergii B1., Arisaema verrucosum Schott, (Mak.) Ching, Carduus crispus L., Carduus acanthoides Arisaema lobatum Engl. Var. rosthornianum Engl., L., Eupatorium odoratum L., Cynanchum auriculatum 20 Arisaema elephas S. Buchet, Osbeckia chinensis L., Royle ex wight, Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur, Delphinium Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Mak., Luffa cylindrical (L.) elatum, Pothos repens (Lour.) Merr., Cyathea spinulosa Roem., Aucuba chinensis Benth., Gastrodia elata Bl., wall., Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Stellaria dichotoma L., Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Mak., Stellaria alsine Equus caballus (L.), Kalimeris indica (L.) Schulz-Bip., Eq- Grimm., Sorbus tianschanica Rupr., Triosteum pinnatifi- uus caballus (L.), Prospirobolus joannsi (Brolemann), 25 dum Maxim., Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., Magnolia Equus caballus (L.), Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich., Calvatia amoena Cheng, Magnolia cylindrical wils., Gnaphalium- gigantean (Batsch ex Pers.) Lloyd, Calvatia lilacina japonicum Thunb., Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., Aucu- (Mont. & Berk. ) Lloyd, Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch., ba chinensis Benth., Gastrodia elata B1., Triosteum pin- Setaria plicata (Lamk.) T Cooke, Equus caballus (L.), natifidum Maxim., Litsea auriculata Chien et Cheng, Cas- Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Equus caballus (L.), So- 30 sytha filiformis L., Pistacia vera L., Pyrolusite, Ficus car- len gouldii Conrad, Nothapodytes pittosporoides (Oliv.) ica L., Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. et Arn.) Planch., Sleum., Calanthe fimbriata Franch., Pedicularis resupi- Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Phoenix dactylifera L., Pis- nata L., Thalictrum foliolosum DC., Thalictrum bai- tacia vera L., Ficus carica L., Sapindus mukorossi Gaer- calense Turcz, Thalictrum foetidum L., T. cultratum wall., tn., Prunus brachypoda Batal. var. eglandulosa Cheng, T. chaotungensis w. T. wang et S. H. wang, T. baicalense 35 Scutellaria indica. L. var. humilis Mak., Hypericumsamp- Turcz. Var. megalostigma Boivin, Hydrocharis asiatica soniiHance, Musxovite, Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Miq., Sambucus buergeriana B1., Portulaca oleracea L., Caesalpinia bonducella, Achyranthes aspera L. var. ru- Embelia oblongifolia Hemsl., Strychnos nux-vomica L., brafusca (wight) Hook., Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., el- Strychnos pierriana A. w. Hill, Coriaria sinica Maxim., phinium giraldii Diels, Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Rubia Aristolochia contorta Bge., Melothria indica Lour., Butea 40 yunnanensis (Franch.) Diels, Asbestus, Chaenomeles suberecta (Dunn) Blatter, Butea suberba, B. frondosa, lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz., Chaenomelessinensis Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl, Capparis pterocarpa (Thouin) Koehne, C. lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz. var. Ca- Chun, Capparis masaikai Levl.,Capparis versicolor Griff, thayensis Rehd., C. lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz. var. wilso- Iris pallasii Fisch. var. chinensis Fisch., Iris halophila nii Rehd., C. thibetica Yw, Auricularia auricula (L.ex Pall., Rhododendron delavayi Franch., Ipomoea pes- 45 Hook.)Underw., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Saussurea caprae (L.) Sweet, Cotoneaster amoena wils., Caltha lappa Clarke, Vladimiria denticulata Ling, Vladimiria soul- palustris L., Caltha scaposa Hook. f. et Thoms., Equus iei (Franch.) Ling, Vladimiria muliensis (Hand.-Mazz.) caballus (L.), Caltha palustris L. var. membranacea Ling, V. edulis (Franch.) Ling, Schima superba Gardn. Turcz., Angiopteris fokiensis Hieron., Verbena officinalis et Champ., Equisetum Hiemale L., E. arvense L., Akebia L., Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr., Equus caballus (L.), Se- 50 trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. custralis (Diels) Rehd., Ake- dum emarginatum Migo, Sedum makinoi Maxim., Hy- bia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. , Akebia quinata (Thunb.) drangea davidii Franch., Smilax nipponica Miq., Portu- Decne., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Clematis ar- laca oleracea L., Coriaria sinica Maxim., Ipomoea pes- mandi Franch., C. montana Buch.-Ham., Aristolochia caprae (L.) Sweet, Saussurea cordifolia Hemsl., Lyco- kaempferi willd., A. moupinensis Franch., Akebia quinata podium sieboldii Miq., Trichosanthes cucumeroides 55 (Thunb.) Decne., Akebia longeracemosa Matsum, Indi- (Ser.) Maxim., Trichosanthes cucumeroides Maxim., Th- gofera tinctoria L., Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) ladiantha dubia Bge., Paris tetraphylla A. Gray, Tricho- Miq., Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz., Magnolia santhes cucumeroides (Ser.) Maxim., Vacaria segetalis liliflora Desr., Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., Garcinia ob-

11 21 EP 1 915 997 A1 22 longifolia Champ., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Litsea pun- Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb. ) Burtt et Hill, gens Hemsl., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., L. euosma w. Meconopsis quintuplinervia Reg., Lepisorus thunber- w. Smith, Elsholtzia cypriani (Pamp.) C. Y. wu et S. gianus (Kaulf.) Ching, Orostachys fimbriatus (Turcz.) Chow., Manglietia fordiana (Hemsl.) Oliv., Akebia quin- Berger, Orostachys erudescens (Maxim.) Ohwi, ata (Thunb.) Decne., A. trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz., A. tri- 5 Orostachys spinosus (L.) C. A. Mey., Melandryun viscid- foliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd., Ma- ulum (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. var. szechuanense (wills.) honia shenii Chun, Mahonia schochii Schneid. ex Hand.-Mazz., Arca inflata Reeve, A. granosa L., A. sub- Hand.-Mazz., M. subimbricata Chun et F. Chun, M. tar- crenala Lischke, Plantago asiatica L., Plantago depressa onensis Hand.-Mazz., Litsea pungens Hemsl., Gom- willd., Plantago major L., Plantago ovata, Dodonaea vis- phostemma microdon Dunn, Gossampinus malabarica 10 cose (L.) Jacq., Oldenlandia uncinella (Hook. etArn.) O. (DC.) Merr., Ficus pumila L., Hibiscus syriacus L., Orox- Ktze. var. scabrida (Franch.) Chun, Cynoglossum lan- ylum indicum (L.) Vent., Momordica cochinchinensis ceolatum Forsk., Gynura sagittata DC., Holarrhena an- (Lour.) Spr., Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq., tidysenterica wall., Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, Mon- Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., Garcinia oblongifolia etaria moneta (L.), Monetaria annulus (L.), Coelogyne Champ., Hibiscus mutabilis L., Litsea pungens Hemsl., 15 corymbosa Lindl., Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hensl. Viburnum macrocephalum Fort., Viburnum opulus, V. var. spinifolium Rehd. et wils., Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) prunifolium, Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent., Lespedeza Lindl., Anaphalis bulleyana (J.F.Jaffr.) Hand.-Mazz., Bos buergeri Miq., Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax taurus domesticus Gmelin, Bubalus bubalis L., Aconitum ex Pax et Hoffm., Pseudostellaria Maximowicziana ochranthum Mey., Achyranthes bidentata B1., Mucuna (Franch. et Savat.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm., Rubus pacificus 20 sempervirens Hemsl., Oreas martiana (Hopp. et Horn- Hance, Tanacetum variifolium (Chang) Ling, Cladonia sch.) Brid., Heleocharis yokoscensis (Franch. et Savat.) alpestris (L.) Rabht., Pedicularis davidii Franch., Pedic- Tang et wang, Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) ularis rudis Maxim., Pedicularis dunniana Bonati, Peicu- Hand.-Mazz., Elaeagnus umbellate Thunb., Ficus hisp- laris decora Franch., Aster flaccidus Bge., Plagiopus ida L. f., Ficus beecheyana Hook. et Arn., Rumex pati- oederi (Brid.) Limpr., Tetraplodon bryoides (Zoeg.) 25 entia L., Didymocarpus eburneus (Hance) Levl.,Boea hy- Lindb., Tongoloa dunnii (Boiss.) wolff, Fritillaria taipaien- grometrica (Bge.) R. Br., Sonchus arvensis L., Rumex sis P. Y. Li, Cladonia gracilis (L.) willd., Cremanthodium dentatus L., Sida retusa L., Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw., hookerii Clarke,Rubusblinii Levl., Ipomoea cairica (L.) Dodartia orientalis L., Rubus ichangensis Hemsl. et O. Sweet, Antidesma bunius (L.) Spr., Anaphalishancockii Ktze., Smilax riparia A. DC., Circaea cordata Royle, Al- Maxim., Ficus simplicissima Lour. var. hirta (Vahl.) Migo, 30 nus lanata Duthie, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Arctium Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt., Acanthopanax gracilisty- lappa L., Fortunearia sinensis Rehd. et wils., Cerbera lus w. w. Smith, A. sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem., manghas L., Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) A. senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms., Acanthopanax Hand.-Mazz., Ficus hispida L.f., Ficus beecheyana henryi (Oliv.) Harms, Acanthopanax verticillatus Hoo, Hook. et Arn., Rumex crispus L., Rumex nepalensisSpr., Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, A. trifoliatus (L.)Merr., A. 35 Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth., Arctium lappa L., Sau- evodiaefolium Franch. var. ferrugineus w. w. Smith, A. rauia lantsangensis Hu, Saurauia napaulensis DC., Ach- setchuenensis Harms, A. leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms, yranthes bidentata Bl., Rumex crispus L., Aleurites fordii Periploca sepium Bge., Lantana camara L., Chrysomyia Hemsl., Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br., Gymnadenia megacephala (Fab.), Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Ed- crassinervis Finet, Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. wards, Triosteum fargesii Franch., Schisandra chinensis 40 bracteatum (willd.) Richter, Ranunculus japonicus (Turcz.) Baill., Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et wils., Thunb., Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter, Phyllostachys Corydalis stenantha Franch., Echinopsilon divaricatum pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie, Melastoma sangui- Kar. et Kir., Mosla soochouensis Matsuda, Schisandra neum Sims, Polygonum barbatum L., Dioscorea alata L., propinqua (wall.) Bail. var. intermedia A. C. Smith, Evodia Clematis argentilucida (Levl. et Vant.) w. T. wang, Pop- trichotoma (Lour.) Pier., Rhus chinensis Mill., R.potaninii 45 ulus tomentosa Carr., Actinidia eriantha Benth., Ilex pu- Maxim., R. punjabensis Stew. var. sinica (Diels) Rehd. bescens Hook. et Arn., Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. var. et wils., Melaphis chinensis (Bell), Melaphis paitan Tsai glabra Chang, Picris hieracioides L. subsp. fuscipilosa et Tang, Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch., Lantana ca- Hand. -Mazz., Ardisia pusilla DC., Dryopteris championi mara L., Acer sinense Pax,. Acer sinopurpurascens (Benth.) C. Chr. ex Ching, Adonisszechuenensis Cheng, A. henryi Pax, A. palmatum Thunb., Abelmos- 50 Franch., Verbascum thapsus L., Adenosma glutinosum chus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr., Kadsura longipedunculata (L.) Druce, Dysosma hispida (Hao) Chun, Gerbera pi- Finet, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et wils., Kadsura loselloides Cass., Philadelphus henryi Koehne, Croton coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, Schisandra propinqua caudatus Geisel. var. tomentosus Hook., Nanocnide pi- (wall.) Hook f. et Thoms, Rhus chinensis Mill., Lorahthus losa Migo, Cornus walteri wanger., Desmodium elegans pentapetalus Roxb., Geum aleppicum Jacq., Ipomoea 55 (Lour.) Benth., Gerbera piloselloides Cass., Lindera cau- cairica (L.) Sweet, Pedicularis rex C. B. Clarke ex Maxim., date (wall.) Benth., Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC., Vitis quinquangularis Rehd., Ficus simplicissima Lour., Meconopsis quintuplinervia Reg., Leptodermis pilosa Melaphis chinensis (Bell), M. paitan Tsai et Tang, (Franch.) Diels, Geranium eriostemon Fisch., Cimicifuga

12 23 EP 1 915 997 A1 24 foetida L., Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim., Cimicif- Hand.-Mazz., PolygonumchinenseL., P. chinensevar. uga heracleifolia Kom., Serratula chinensis S. Moore, thunbergianum, Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., Euphor- Aruncus Sylvester Kostel., Anhydrite, Lepisorus pse- bia antiquorum L., Tupistra pachymena wang et Tang, donudus Ching, Arundina chinensis Bl., Seseli giraldii Epilobium pyrricholophum Franch. et Sav., Viburnum Diels., Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Catharanthus 5 cordifolium wall. et DC., Croton tiglium L., Solanumindi- roseus (L.) G. Don var. albus (Sweet) G. Don, C. roseus cum L., Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) warb., Morinda of- (L.) G. Don var. flavus (Tsiang) Metcalf, Vinca minor L., ficinalis How, Morinda citrifolia, M. tictoria , Morinda luc- Vinca erecta Rgl. et Schmach, Platanthera japonica ida, Prunus amygdalus Batsch., Prunus amygdalus Bat- (Thunb.) Lindl., Callicarpa loureiri Hook. et Arn., Helict- sch var. dulcis Schneider, P. amygdalus Batsch var. am- eres elongata wall., Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph. var. 10 ara Schneider, Triplostegia grandiflora Gagn., Habenaria tubiformis (Klotz.) Tsoong, Clerodendron indicum (L.) O. dentate (Sw.) Schltr., Microtis taiwaniana Schltr., Bauhin- Ktze., Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Melasma arvense ia hupehana Craib, Aubskuaea carduiophylla Franch., (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz., Crotalaria tetragona Roxb., Citrus Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehd., Ceropegia dolicho- grandis (L.) Osbeck var. tomentosa Hort., Citrus grandis phylla Schltr., Christia vespertilionin (L. f.) Bahn. F., As- (L.) Osbeck, Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc., Platy- 15 plenium sarelii Hook., Tagetes patula L., Oenanthe j carya longipes wu, Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman, avanica (B1.) DC., Stachys baicalensis Fisch., Stachys Juglans regia L., Lindera strychnifolia (Sieb.etZucc.) Vil- recta L., Stachys neglecta Klok., Stachys betonicaeflora, lar, Corvus macrorhynchus wagler, Prunus mume (Sieb.) Codium fragile (Sur.) Har., Solanum torvum Sw., Hydrot- Sieb. et Zucc., Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor), Canar- rechus remigator Hor., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. iumpimelaKoenig, Tarenna mollissima (Hook. et Arn.) 20 grandiflora Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. radi- Robins., Diospyros ebenum Koen., Sophora mairei cans Mak., Enhydris chinensis (Gray), Cinnabar, Mercu- Pamp., Vaccinium fragile Franch.,Swertia heterantha ry, Scirpus validus Vahl, Hirudo nipponia whitman, whit- Ling, SepiellamaindronideRochebrune, Sepia esculenta mania Pigra (whitman), whitmania acranulata (whitman), Hoyle, Salix microstachya Turcz., Lindera strychnifolia whitmania edentula (whitman), Polygonum hydropiper (Sieb. et Zucc.) Villar, Clerodendron yunnanense Hu ex 25 L., Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn., Ludwigia pros- Hand.-Mazz., Corvus macrorhynchus wagler, Gallus gal- trata Roxb., Begonia pedatifida Levl., Mnium cuspidatum lus domesticus Brisson, Fissistigma glaucescens Hedw., Bubalus bubalis L., Polypodium niponicum Mett., (Hance) Merr., Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb., Periploca Polypodium vulgare L., P. pseudoamoenum Ching, Tac- calophylla (wight) Falc., Canarium pimela Koenig, Cayra- ca plantaginea (Hance) Prenth., Tacca chantrieri Andre, tia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn., Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) 30 Boehmeria grandifolia wedd., Narcissus tazetta L. var. Gagn. var. pubifolia Merr. et Chun, Viola vaginata Max- chinensis Roem., Jussiaea suffruticosa L., Narcissus pa- im., Rubus tephrodes Hance, Gentiana urnula H. Sm., pyraceus Ker-Gaw, Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Ligustrum Corvusmacrorhynchus wagler, Sepiella maindronide sinense Lour. var. nitidum Rehd., Cardiocrinum cathay- Rochebrune, Sepia Esculenta Hoyle, Oenothera eryth- anum (wils.) Mak., Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch., rosepala borb., Rosa chinensis Jacq., Laurus nobilis L., 35 Murdannia triguetra (wall.) Brcckn.,Lysimachia stenose- Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Salvia przewalskii Maxim., S. pala Hemsl., Lysimachia circaeoides Hemsl., Homonoia przewalskii Maxim. var. mandarinorum (Diels) Stib., S. riparia Lour., Salix purpurea L., Geum japonicum Thunb., yunnanensis C. H. wight, Ficus martini Levl. et Vant., Adina rubella (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hance, Limnophila aromat- Dioscorea japonica Thunb., Hiptage benghalensis (L.) ica (Lam.) Merr., Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham.) Kurz, Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Ktze., Rorippa palus- 40 Koehne, Ammannia baccifera L., Oenanthe benghalen- tris (Leyss.) Bess., Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. sis (Roxb.) Kurz, Stachys baicalensis Fisch., Gymonthe- Ktze., Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Clematis chrysoco- ca involucrata Pei, Cassia nomame (Sieb.) Kitagawa, ma Franch., Impatiens balsamina L., Rhodiola dumulosa Saurauia tristyla DC., Glyptostrobus pensilis (Lamb.) K. (Franch.), Pedicularis henryi Maxim., Pedicularis longi- Koch, Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., Impatiens uligino- caulis Franch. et Maxim., Pteris multifida Poir., Elsholtzia 45 sa Franch., Penthorum chinense Pursh, Oldenlandia co- bodinieri Van’t, Pteris ensiformis Burm., Sterculia nobilis rymbosa L., Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv., Cleroden- Smith, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Gallus gallus dron inerme (L.) Gaertn., Limnophila rugosa(Roth) Merr., domesticus Brisson, Polystichum acanthophyllum (Fr.) Nitella expansaAllen, Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne., Bedd., Cycas revolute Thunb., Sterculia nobilis Smith., Cyperus glomeratus L., Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Asplenium yunnanense Franch., Arthromerismairei 50 Merr. et Perry, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr., Potamoge- (Brause) Ching, Caryopteris terniflora Maxim., Viburnum ton natans L., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora propinquum Hemsl., Rhododendrom molle (Bl) G. Don, Nakai, Actinidia callosa Lindl. var. henryi Maxim., Poly- Iris speculatrix Hance, Eupatorium chinense L., Aspara- gonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., Pilea notata C. H. gus plumosus Bak., Meretrix meretrix L., Xanthoceras wright, Oreocnide frutescens (Thunb.) Miq. , Anemone sorbifolia Bge., Cypsilurus agoo (Temm. et Schl.), 55 hupehenis Lem. f. alba w. T. wang, Inula helianthus- Crinum asiaticum L., var. sinicum Bak, Calcite, Sus scro- aquatilis C. Y. wu ex Ling, Eichhornia crassipes Solms, fa domestica Brisson, Helicteres isora L., Euphorbia an- Lactuca raddeana Maxim. var. elata (Hemsl.) Kitam., tiquorum L., Cannabis sativa L., Aconitum sungpanense Monotropa uniflora L., Chloranthus fortunei (A.Gray) Sol-

13 25 EP 1 915 997 A1 26 ms, Neosalanx tankankei taihuensis Chen, Sorbus alni- drobium hercoglossum Reichb. f, Dendrobium aduncum folia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch, Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., wall. et Lindl., Dendrobium wilsonii Rolfe, Dendrobium wendlandia uvariifolia Hance, Sagittaria aginashi Mak., hancockii Rolfe, Dendrobium lohohense Tang et wang, Apluda mutica L., Polygonum hydropiper L., Ficus sten- Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe, Dendrobiumbellatulum ophylla Hemsl., Ligularia sp., Isodon adenanthus (Diels) 5 Rolfe, P590,,, Lycorisradiata (L’Her.) Herb., Lycoris sq- Kudo, Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Prenth., Polygonum uamigera Maxim., Mitella mitella (L.), Cypsum, Cladonia orientale L., P. lapathifolium L., P. lapathifolium L. var. rangiferina web., Sarcocheilichthys sinensis Bleeker, salicifolium Sibth., Salixpurpurea L., Geum japonicum Cyrtiospirifer sinensis (Graban.), Mycoblastus alpinus Thunb., Adina rubella (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hance, Phragmites (Fr.) Kernst., Telphusa sp., Chiton sp., Ludisia discolor karka (Retz.) Trin., Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch., Cas- 10 (Ker-Gawl.) A. Rich., Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw., sia nomame (Sieb.) Kitagawa, Saurauia tristyla DC., Ve- Salvia chinensis Benth., Goodyera procera (Ker-Gawl.) ronica anagallis-aquatica L., Clerodendron inerme (L.) Hook., Eumeces chinensis (Gray), Eumeces elegans Gaertn., Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston, Hymenocallis Boulenger, Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray), Juncus ef- americana Roem., Hymenocallis speciosa, Polygala fuses L. var. decipiens Buchen. f. utilis Mak., Ranunculus caudate Rehd. etwils., Epilobiumhirsutum L. , Torenia 15 sceleratus L., Gontiana squarrosa Ledeb., Pholidota glabra Osbeck, Inula helianthus-aquatilis C. Y. wu ex chinensis Lindl., Lysionotus pauciflora Maxim., Haliotis- Ling, Cacalia tangutica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz., Haler- diversicolorReeve, Haliotis gigantea discus Reeve, Ela- pestes sarmentosa (Adams) Kom., Cardamine lyrata tostema laevigatum (B1.) Hassk., Peucedanum tere- Bge., Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Salix purpurea L., Veroni- binthaceum (Fisch.) Fisch. ex Turcz., Eucheuma gelati- ca anagallis-aquatica L., Impatiens uliginosa Franch., 20 nae (Esp.) J. Ag., Chlamydoboea sinensis (Oliv.) Stapf, Epilobium palustre L.,Vittaria flexuosa Fee, Polygonatum Lycopodium clavatum L., Lycopodium obscurum L., L. odoratum (Mill.) Druce var. pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi, Po- complanatum L., L. alpinum L., L. annotinum L., Pilea lygonatum macropodium Turcz., Polygonatum involu- cavaleriei Levl., Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb., Pothos cratum Maxim., Polygonatum inflatum Komar., Lycopo- chinensis (Raf.) Merr., Photinia serrulata Lindl., Rhodo- dium obscurum L., Nepherite, Stachytarpheta jamaicen- 25 dendron metternichii S. et Z., Hoya lyi Levl. , Mosla sis (L.) Vahl, Magnolia denudata desr., Zea mays L., Op- scabra (Thunb.) C. Y. wu. et H. w. Li, Sedum sarmento- untia dillenii Haw, Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit., sum Bge., Mosla chinensis Maxim., Corallodiscus flabel- Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers., Solanum pseudo- lata (Franch.) B. L. Burtt, Pseudosciaena crocea (Rich.), capsicum L., Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr., M. fortunei Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker, Lepisorus eilophyllus (Lind1.) Fedde, M. japonica (Thunb.) DC., Blumea bal- 30 (Diels) Ching, Polygonum capitatum Ham. ex D. Don, samifera DC., Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant., Artemisia Aleurites moluccana (L.) willd., Petroleum, Acorus vulgaris L., Artemisia taurica, Blumea balsamifera DC., gramineus Soland., Acorus gramineus Soland. var. pu- Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. var. chichpua How, sillus Engl., Anemone altaica Fisch., Berchemia hy- Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC., Arcangelisia loureiri pochrysa Schneid., Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Stereo- (Pier.) Diels, Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., Cryptolepis 35 caulon paschale Hoffm., Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa buchanani Roem. et Schult., Cryptolepis sanguinolenta Levl.,Ficus sarmentosa Buch-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. var. hen- Schlechter, Solanum nigrum L. var. pauciflorum Liou, ryi (King) Corner, Sulphur, Pilea plataniflora C. H. wright, Montmorillonite, Fullers earth, Nardostachys chinensis Pelargonium hortorum Bailey, Zacco platypus (Schl.), Batal., Nardostachys jatamanse DC., Glycyrrhiza uralen- Punica granatum L., Peperomia dindigulensis Miq., Se- sis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza kansuensis 40 dum mingjinianum Fu, Sedum tetractinum Frd., Sinoc- Chang et Peng, Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal., Euphorbia kan- rassula indica (Decne.) Berger, Juncus effuses L. var. sui Liou, Euphorbia sieboldiana , E. sieboldianaMorr. et decipiens Buchen. f. utilis Mak., Ranunculus sceleratus Decne., Brassica oleracea L. var. capiata L., B. oleracea L., Vaccinium saxicolum Chun ex Sleumer, Pseudosci- L., Saccharum. sinensis Roxb., Dioscorea esculenta aena crocea (Rich.), P. polyactis Bleeker, Lindera setch- (Lour.) Burkill, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Musa para- 45 uenensis Gamble, Acorus gramineus Soland., Vitex qui- disiaca L. var. sapientum (L.) O. Ktze., Oxytropis kan- nata (Lour.) F. N. williams, Uraria crinita Desv. var. mac- suensis Bge., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., rostachya wall., olystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fe; P624-2, Arachniodes amabilis (Blume) Tindale, Pyrrosia lingua Cybister tripunctatus orientalis Gschew., P625, Gentiana (Thunb.) Farw., Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak. ) Ching, Pyrrosia scabra Bge., Gentiana triflora Pall., Gentiana manshuri- drakeana (Franch.) Ching, Pyrrosiapetiolosa (Christ) 50 ca Kitag., Gentiana rigescens Franch., G. rigescens Ching, Pyrrosiadavidii (Gies.) Ching, Pyrrosia gralla Franch. var. stictantha Marquand, Gentianopsis paludo- (Gies.) Ching, Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks, sa (Munro)Ma, G. lutea L., G punctata L., Tubocapsicum Limestone, Gorgonia flabellum L., Parmelia saxatilis anomalum (Franch. et Sav.) Mak., Solanum nigrum L., Ach., Parmelia saxatilis var. omphalodes, Bulbophyllum Solanum auriculatum , S. xanthocarpum, Ottelia alis- radiatum Lindl., Phryganea japonica M1., Ulva lactuca 55 moides (L.) Pers., Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, Sauropus L., Ulva pertusa Kjellm., endrobium nobile Lindl., Dend- rostratus Miq., Nuphar bornetii Levl. et Vant., Physalias- robium linawianum Reichb. f., Dendrobium officinale K. trum heterophyllum (Hemsl.) Mak., Juncus setchuensis Kimura et Migo, Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw., Den- Buchen. var. effusoides Buchen., Poa sphondylodes

14 27 EP 1 915 997 A1 28

Trin., Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf., Physeter ca- toni (Decne.) Schltr. ex Levl.,Cynanchum glaucescens todon L., Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch et Sav.) (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz., Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Mak., Passiflora foetida L., Euphoria longan (Lour.) Zucc., Acorus calamus L., Acorus calamus L. var. an- Stend., Ixora chinensisLam., Solanum nigrum L., Agri- gustatus, Lophura nycthemera nycthemera (L.), Artem- monia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica (Miq.) Nakai, Sauropus 5 isia sieversiana Ehrh. ex willd., Ampelopsis japonica rostratus Miq., Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., Ru- (Thunb.) Mak., Ampelopsis meliaefolia, Cynanchum at- bus sieboldi Blume., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Ana- ratum Bge., Cynanchum versicolor Bge., Millettia bona- phalis nepalensis (Spr.) Hand-Mazz., Porana racemosa tiana Pamp., Passer montanus saturatus Stejneger, Pas- Roxb., Anemone hupehensis Lem., Aster dubius ser rutilans rutilans (Temminck), Rhodiola henryi (Diels) (Thunb.) Onno, Aster scaber Thunb., Scopolia japonica 10 Fu, Ledum palustre L. var. angustum E. Busch, Melaleu- Maxim., Agriophyllum arenarium Bieb., Aster scaber ca leucadendra L., Serissa serissoides (DC.) Druce, Ser- Thunb., Atalantia buxifolia (Poir.) Oliv., woodwardia ori- issa foetida Comm., Tremella fuciformis Berk., Quercus entalis Sm., Artemisia finita Kitag., Blechnum orientale acutissima Carr., Q. aliena Bl., Inula cappa DC. , Cucu- L., Glehnialittoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq., Nitraria sibirica balus baccifer L., Arnebia saxatilis Benth. et Hook., Sola- Pall., Ainsliaea pertyoides Franch. var. albotomentosa 15 num lyratum Thunb., Solanum dulcamara L., Delphinium Beauverd, Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr., Helwingia pogonanthum Hand.-Mazz., Quartz, P702, Lactuca indi- himalaica Clarke, Helwingia chinensis Batal., Bougain- ca L., Michelia alba DC., Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Reg., villea glabra Choisy, Bougainvillea glabra var. sanderic- Oyksatukka dagyrruca (Fisch.) Spr., Pulsatilla koreana na, Euphorbia heterophylla L., Tilia tuan Szysz., Helwing- Nakai, Pulsatilla turczaninovii Krylov et Serg., Pulsatilla ia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr., H. himalaica Clarke, H. chin- 20 ambigua Turcz. ex Pritz., Potentilla chinensis Ser., P. ensis Batal., Pleonomus canaliculatus Faldermann, Agri- discolor Bge., Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham., A. hupe- otes fuscicollis Miwa, Melanotus caudex Lewis., Meco- hensis Lem., A. tomentosa (Maxim.) Pei, Pulsatilla nig- poda elongata L.’, Philydrum lanuginosum Banks, Cipan- ricans, Anemone cernua, Pulsatilla nigricans, Paeonia gopaludina chinensis (Gray), Convolvulus arvensis L., lactiflora Pall., Populus davidiana Dode, Populus bonatii Smithia sensitiva Ait., Turbo cornutus Solander, Arisae- 25 Levl.,Amomum cardamomum L., Elettaria cardamomum ma ringens (Thunb.) Schott, Veronicastrum cauloptera white et Maton, Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) (Hance) Yamazaki, Cissus pteroclada Hayata, Galium Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav., A. anomala Lallem., bungei Stend., Galium gracilens (A. Gray) Mak., Chlo- A. taiwaniana Boiss., Plumbago zeylanica L., Ternstro- ranthus henryi Hemsl., Lysimachia paridiformis Franch., emia gymnanthera (wight et Arn.) Sprague, Cleome gy- Lysimachia trientaloides Hemsl., Caesalpinia sepiaria 30 nandra L., Agkistrodon acutus (Gnther), Bungarus mul- Roxb., Anagallis arvensis L., Japalura flaviceps Barbour ticinctus Blyth, Elaphe moellendorffi (Boettger), Clematis et Dunn, Chloranthus multistachys Pei., Schnabelia oli- maximowicziana Franch., Brassica alba (L.) Boiss., Per- gophylla Hand.-Mazz., Liriodendron chinensis (Hemsl.) illa frutescens (L.) Britt., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Saccha- Sarg., Cucumis melo L. var. flexuosus Naud., C. melo L. rum Sinensis Roxb., Salvia scapiformis Hance, Pinus var. conomon Mak., Zingiber officinale Rosc. , Rhus ver- 35 bungeana Zucc., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Fraxinus niciflua Stokcs, Stelmatocrypton khasianum (Benth.) H. malacophylla Hemsl., Sophora viciifolia Hance, Imperata Baill., Tylorrhynchusheterochaeta Quatrefages,Eria cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb., graminifolia Lindl., Hematite, Curculigo orchioides Gaer- Ginkgo biloba L., Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr., Par- tn., Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Mitf.) nassia foliosa Hook. f. et Thoms. var. nummularia Nakai, Stapf ex Rendle, Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) Kengf., 40 P. wightiana wall., Buddleia asiatica Lour., Tilia omeien- Echinopsis multiplex Zucc., Opuntia dillenii Haw., Op- sis Fang, Chelidonium majus L., Chelidonium majus L. untia monacantha Haw., P664, Scorzonera albicaulis var. grandiflorum DC., P727, Coluber spinalis (Peters), Bge., Pyrus hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi , Opuntia dillenii Beesia calthaefolia (Maxim.) Ulbr., Quercus fabri Hance, Haw., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica (Miq.) Na- Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlocht., Stephania cepharantha kai, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. viscidula Kom., A. pi- 45 Hayata, Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill, Pteroxy- losa Ledeb. var. nepalensis (D. Don) Nakai, A. pilosa gonum giraldii Dammer et Diels, Mallotus apelta (Lour.) Ledeb., A. pilosa Ledeb. var. coreana (Nakai) Liou et Muell.-Arg., Lindera gambleana Allen, Populus alba L., Cheng, A. pilosa Ledeb. f. davurica Nakai, A. asiatica Cynanchum bungei Decne., Cynanchum auriculatum Juz., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var.japonica (Miq.) Nakai, Royle ex wight, C. wilfordi (Maxim.) Hemsl., Betula pen- Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f., Micromelum falcatum 50 dula Roth, Anas domestica L., Sesamum indicum DC., (Lour.) Tanaka, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Liquidambar taiwaniana Hance, Prunus mume (Sieb.) Euonymus tengyuehensis w. w. Smith, Vigna cylindrica Sieb. et Zucc., Smilax lunglingensis wang et Tang, Asys- (L.) Skeels, Lactuca sativa L., Angelica dahurica (Fisch. tasiella neesiana (wall.) Lindau, Mussaenda parviflora exHoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav., Angelica Miq., Mussaenda divaricata Hutch., Elaeagnus viridus anomala Lallem., Angelica taiwaniana Boiss., Heracle- 55 Serv. var. delavayi Lecte., Anser domestica Geese, Ca- um scabridum Franch., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica narium album (Lour.) Raeusch., Setaria italica (L.) alba (L.) Boiss., Alunite , Ginkgo biloba L.,Erythroculter- Beauv., Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Mak., Fraxinus ilishaeformis (Bleeker), Chalk, P686, Cynanchum staun- chinensis Roxb., Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Dictam-

15 29 EP 1 915 997 A1 30 nus angustifolius G. Don, D. albus var. caucasicus, Bom- avayi (Franch.) Radlk., Vernonia andersonii Clarke, Pte- byx mori L., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Argyreia racanthus alatus (wall. et Nees) Brem., Cassia alata L., acuta Lour., Argyreia lilliflora C. Y. wu, Dioscorea hispida Ceropegia pubescens wall. , Cynanchum hancockianum Dennst., Symplocos paniculata (Thunb. ) Miq., Rhodiola (Maxim.) Al. Iljinski, Satyrium nepalense D. Don, Passi- henryi (Diels) Fu, Viola arcuata Bl., Melaleuca leucaden- 5 flora cupiformis Mast., Polystichum tsus-simense dra L., Equus caballus (L.), Serissa serissoides (DC.) (Hook.) J. Sm., Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Viburnum Druce, S. foetida Comm., Heracleum rapula Franch., ichangensis Rehd., Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Ro- Solanum lyratum Thunb., Punica granatum L. var. albes- em. et Schult., Nanocnide japonica Bl., cens DC., Punica granatum L. var. multiplex Sw., Sene- Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Luffa cylindrica (L.) Ro- cio nagensium C. B. Clarke, Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim., 10 em., Luffa acutangula roxb., P792, Drymotaenium miy- Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Reg., Gerbera delavayi oshianum (Mak.) Mak., Euonymus bungeanus Maxim., Franch., Populus davidiana Dode, Amomum cardamo- Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Mucll., Matricaria chamomilla mum L., Styrax dasyantha Perk., Gentiana algida Pall., L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry, Cayratia G. algida Pall. var. przewalskii (Maxim.) Kusnez., Iris di- carnosa Gagn., Arisaema purpureo-galeatum Engl., Hal- chotoma Pall., Cleome gynandra L., Agkistrodon acutus 15 ite, Viola yedoensis Mak., Viola japonica Langsd., (Gwnther), Fluggea virosa (willd.) Baill., Isodon sculpo- Gueldenstaedtia multiflora Bge., Gueldenstaedtia pauci- nieatus (Vant.) Kudo, Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. flora (Pall.) Fisch., Gentiana loureiri (D. Don) Griseb., var. tomentosa (Bl.) Hand.-Mazz., Sophora viciifolia Viola inconspicua Bl., V. patrinii DC., V. oxycentra Juz., Hance, Ginkgo biloba L., Aristolochia championii Merr. Corydalis bungeana Turcz., Anemone flaccida Fr. et Chun, Buddleia asiatica Lour., Chelidonium majus L., 20 Schmidt, Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban, Burmannia Gynura divaricata (L.) DC., Mallotus apelta (Lour.) Mu- coelestis D. Don, Melo coarctatus Motsch., Lycopus lu- ell.-Arg., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Chrysanthemum cidus Turcz., P803, Melastoma dodecandrum Lour., Thy- morifolium Ramat., Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Rhinacan- mus serpyllum L., Thymus mongolicus Ronn., Heteropo- thus nasuta (L.) Kurz, Argyreia acuta Lour., Bellamya gon contortus (L.) Beauv., Sanguisorba officinalis L., quadrata (Benson), Ajuga decumbens Thunb., Pulsatilla 25 Sanguisorba parviflora (Maxim.) Takeda, S. tenuifolia chinensis (Bge.) Reg., Populus davidiana Dode, Rhodo- Fisch. et Link, S. grandiflora (Maxim.)Mak., S. longifolia dendron mucronatum G. Don, Dracocephalum hetero- Bertol., Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc.) phyllum Benth., Agkistrodon acutus (Gwnther), Olden- Planch., Astragalus bhotanensis Bak., Stephania del- landia diffusa (willd.) Roxb., Oldenlandia corymbosa L., avayi Diels, Lithospermum zollingeri DC., Lithospermum O. tenellifora (B1.) O. Ktze., O. pinifolia (wall.) K. Schum., 30 arvense L., Viola diffusa Ging., Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Sophora glauca Lesch. var. albescens Rehd. et wils., Urban, Ficus tikoua Bur., Ruellia drymophila (Deils) Gynura divaricata (L.) DC., Cucumis melo L., Polygala Hand-Mazz., Hypericum japonicum Thunb., Kadsura japonica Houtt., Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr, heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib, Lotus corniculatus L., Luzula Polygonum caespitosum Bl., Ficus comata Hand.-Mazz., capitata (Miq.) Miq., L. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej., Polygala Ficus religiosa L., Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., De- 35 crotalarioides Buch.-Ham., Abacopteris penangiana bregeasiaedulis (Sieb. et Zucc.) wedd., Ilex chinensis (Hook.) Ching, Pratia begonifolia (wall.) Lindl., Kochia Sims, Malva verticillata L., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., scoparia (L.) Schrad., Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. f. tri- Malva verticillata L., Hepialus armoricanus Oberthwr, chophila Schinz et Thell., K. sieversiana (Pall.) C. A. Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., Kalopanax septemlo- Mey., Chenopodium album L., Asplenium incisum bus (Thunb.) Koidz., Aralia chinensis L., P769, Scrophu- 40 Thunb., Selaginella moellendorfii Hieron., Viola philippi- laria ningpoensis Hemsl., S. grossheimi, S. nodosa, ca Cav. subsp. malesica w. Beck., Lycium chinense Mill., P771, P772, Lancea tibetica Hook. f. et Thoms., wahl- Myrmeleon micans Mac Lachlan, Drosera spathulata La- enbergia marginata (Thunb.) A. DC., Caryopteris incana bill., Urena lobata L., Viola collina Bess., Rubus xan- (Thunb.)Miq., Lancea thibetica Hook. f. et Thoms., Cypri- thocarpus Bur. et Franch., Veronica serpyllifolia L., Cy- pedium margaritaceum Franch., Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) 45 nanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum., Marchantia pol- Breit., Pinellia pedatisecta Schott, Portulaca grandiflora ymorpha L., Melastoma dodecandrum Lour., Rehmannia Hook., Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland, Lobelia chin- glutinosa (Gaertn.)’ Libosch., Viola grypoceras A. Gray, ensis Lour., Christia obcordata (Poir.) Bahn. f., Pteris Munronia henryi Harms, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) semipinnata L., Scutellaria barbata D. Don, Perularia us- Libosch., Mollugo peritaphylla L., Euphorbia humifusa suriensis (Reg.) Schltr., P784, Passiflora wilsonii Hemsl., 50 willd., Euphorbia pilulifera, Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Pterospermum heterophyllum Hance, Semiliquidambar Bge., Raphanus sativus L., Gnaphalium adnatumwall. cathayensis H. Y. Chang, Dendropanax proteus ex DC., StellariasaxatilisBuch.-Ham.Rubusiremaeus (Champ.) Benth., Sassafras tsumu Hemsl., Artocarpus Focke, Ficus tikoua Bur., Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) hypargyraea Hance, Alectoria asiatica Du Rietz, Deutzia Craib, Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. var. perpusil- ningpoensis Rehd, Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim., Ficus 55 la.Schneid., Ophiorrhiza succirubra King ex Hook. f., taiwanicola Maxim. var. angustifolia (Cheng) Migo, Ficus Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C. Y. wu, P831, Abies heteromorpha Hemsl., Crepis phoenix Dunn, Cudrania sutchuenensis (Franch.) Rehd. et wils., Celtis sinensis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kudo et Masam., Sapindus del- Pers., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Trillium tschon-

16 31 EP 1 915 997 A1 32 oskii Maxim., Trillium camtschaticum Pall., Achnatherum na Lour., Sedum drymarioides Hance, Bullacta exarata splendens (Trin.) Nevski, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss., (Philippi), Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr., Strychnos ig- Mirabilite, Hypericum patulum thunb., Dicranopteris di- natii Berg., Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg., chotoma (Thunb.) Bernh., Euphrasia maximowiczii Celastrus angulata Maxim., Viburnum cylindricum wettst., Sesamum indicum DC., Reineckea carnea 5 Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Zebrina pendula Schnizl., Kunth, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., Bauhinia varie- Ceropegia christenseniana Hand.-Mazz., Rubus innom- gata L., Leontopodium leontopdioides (wils.) Beauv., Cy- inatus S. Moore var. Kuntzeanus (Hemsl.)Bailey, Rho- nanchum inamoenum (Maxim.) Loes., Rubus pinfaensis dobryum roseum Limpr., Cicer arietinum L., Ranunculus Levl. et Vant., Polygonatum cirrhifolium(wall.) Royle, chinensis Bge., Atylosia mollis (willd.) Benth., San- Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsl., Callicarpa bodinieri Levl. 10 guisorba filiformis (Hook. f.)Hand.-Mazz., Phyllostachys var. giraldii (Rehd.) Rehd., Thladiantha verrucosa Cogn. nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle, ex Oliv., Medicago lupulina L. , Capparis spinosa L., Isodon ternifolius (D. Don) Kudo, Fraxinus chinensis Berchemia lineata (L.) DC., Ilex pernyi Franch., Acanthus Roxb., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Exicerus pela(Cha- ilicifolius L., Erodium stephanianum willd., Geranium wil- vannes), Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Myristica fragrans fordii Maxim., Geranium nepalense Sweet, Geranium 15 Houtt., Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey.) G. Beck, Cistanche sibiricum L., Geranium carolinianum L., G. dahuricum ambigua (Bge.) G. Beck, Impatiens microcentra DC., G. dahuricum DC. var. alpinum Bar. et Skv., Ama- Hand.-Mazz., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Myristica fra- ranthus caudatus L., Mucuna wangii Hu, Mucuna mac- grans Houtt., Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.)Munro var. he- rocarpa wall., Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., Sabia yunnan- nonis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle, Phyllostachys sulphurea ensis Franch., Epaltes australis Less., Bauhinia variega- 20 (Carr.) A. et C. Riv., Bambusicola thoraica thoraciac ta L., Phryma leptostachya L., Citrullus vulgaris Schrad., (Temm.), Labeo decorus Peters, P900, Bambusa textiles P850, Mactra antiquata Spengler, Panax quinquefolium Mc-Clure, Shiraia bambusicola Henn., Xylocopa dissimi- L., Passiflora caerulea L., Nasturtium officinale R. Br., lis (Lep.), P903, Tupistra ensifolia wang et Tang, Com- Linum usitatissimum L., Oryza sativa L., Oroburea (L.) melina diffusa Burm. f., Homalocladium platycladum (F. Pers., Chenopodium serotinum L., Polystichumdeltodon 25 Muell.) Bailey, Murdannia divergens (C. B. Clarke) Brc- (Bak.) Diels, Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz., Lilium brow- ckn.,Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr., Pollia japonica nii F. E. Browm var. colchesteri wils., Lilium pumilum DC., Thunb., Commelina benghalensis L., Zanthoxylum plan- Lilium longiflorum Thunb., Lilium dahuricum Ker-Gawl., ispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Conax Cannaeformis (Forst.) L. concolor Salisb., L. cernuum Kom. , L. concolor Salisb. Schum., Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach, Strepto- var. buschianum Bak., L. distichum Nakai, L. davidii 30 pus simplex D. Don, Lingnania chungi McClure, Sinoc- Duch. , L. martagon L. , Stemona japonica (Bl.) Miq., Ste- alamus affinis (Rendle) McClure, Tupistra chinensis mona sessilifolia (Miq.) Franch. et Sav., Stemona tube- Bak., Rhizomys sinensis Gray, Lyctus brunneus Steph., rosa Lour., Stemona parviflora wright, S. vagula w. w. Panax pseudo-ginseng wall. var. japonicus (C. A.Mey.) Smith., Asparagus filicinus Ham. ex D. Don, A. officinalis Hoo & Tseng, Panax pseudo-ginseng wall. var. bipinnat- L., Turdus merula mandarinus Bonaparte, Ardisia crispa 35 ifidus (Seem.) Li, P. pseudo-ginseng wall. var. angusti- (Thunb.) A. DC., Aridisia brevicaulis Diels, Marsdenia folius (Burkill) Li, Anemone raddeana Reg., Lathyrus longipesw. T. wang, Disporum sessile (Thunb.) D. Don palustris L. var. linearifolius Ser., Lathyrus sativus, Seseli var. flavens (Kitag.) Y. C. Tang, Disporum cantoniense mairei wolff , Seseli yunnanense Franch., Zanthoxylum (Lour.) Merr., Aletris lanuginosa Bur. et Franch., P864, planispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Rhizomys sinensis Gray, P865, Lotus corniculatus L., Morinda parvifolia Bartl., 40 Lyctus brunneus Steph., Claoxylon polot(Burm. f.) Merr., Thesium chinense Turcz., Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC., Erythrina arborescens Roxb., Callicarpa arborea Roxb., Gymnotheca chinensis Decne., Neottianthe cucullata Cinnabar, Salvia cavaleriei Levl.,Ardisia crenata Sims, (L.) Schltr., Nerium indicum Mill., Cyclemys sp., Cy- Aristolochia kaempferi willd., Damnacanthus indicus clemys trifasciata Bell, Polygonum perfoliatum L., Cy- Gaertn. f., P915, Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., Symplocos nanchum officinale (Hemsl.) Tsiang et Zhang, Seseli ses- 45 chinensis (Lour.) Druce, Physochlaina infundibularis eloides (Fisch. et Mey. ex Turcz.)Hiroe, Ampelopsis ac- Kuang, Impatiens chinensis L., Combretum alfredii onitifolia Bge., Reinwardtia trigyna (Roxb.) Planch., Lyc- Hance, Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim., Corydalis yan- opodium complanatum L., Lycopodium casuarinoides husuo w. T. wang, Corydalis ambigua Cham. Et Schlecht. Spring, Adiantum flabellulatum L., Jussiaea repens L., var. amurensis Maxim., C. ambigua Cham. et Schlecht., Embelia pauciflora var. blinii (Levl.) walker, Bauhinia 50 C. remota Fisch. ex Maxim., Corydalis hamosa Migo, Co- championi (Benth.) Benth., Callicarpa longissima rydalis remota Fisch var. lineariloba Maxim, Corydalis (Hemsl.) Merr., Cyrtomium caryotideum (wall.) Presl, An- remota Fisch var. pectinata Kom, Ranunculus cantonien- gelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Angelica acutiloba (Sieb. et sis DC., Crotalaria assamica Benth., Pyrite, P925, wede- Zucc.) Kitag., Ligusticum glaucescens Franch., Levisti- lia wallichii Less., Taxus mairei (Lemee et Levl.) S. Y. cum officinale Koch, Angelica acutiloba var. sugiyama 55 Hu, Daemonorops draco Bl., Pleomele cambodiana Hikino, Embelia parviflora wall., Pyrrosia clavata (Bak.) (Pier. ex Gagn. ) Merr. et Chun, Schisandra henryi Ching, P880, Tulipaedulis Bak., Tulipailiensis Reg., Cro- Clarke, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et wils., Lespe- ton laevigatus Vahl, Stachys palustris L., Trema cannabi- deza buergeri Miq., Chenopodium hybridum L.,Venti-

17 33 EP 1 915 997 A1 34 lagoleiocarpa Benth., Sambucus adnata wall., Galinsoga (Thunb.) DC., Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl., Si- parviflora Cav., Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers., Heli- nomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et wils., Menisper- anthus annuus L., Pheropsophus jessoensis Mor., mum dauricum DC., Aristolochia moupinensis Franch., Buthus martensi Karsch, Androctonus australis, Draco- A. kaempferi willd., Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) cephalum integrifolium Bge., Rubus amphidasys Focke, 5 Schischk., Ligusticum brachylobum Franch., Seseli Aeschymomene indica L., Actinostemma lobatum (Max- mairei wolff, Seseli yunnanense Franch., Seseli iliense im.) Maxim., Albizzia julibrissin Durazz., Albizzia chinen- (Reg. Et Sclmalh.) Lipsky, Saposhnikovia divaricala sis, Albizzia kalkora (Roxb. ) Prain, A. gummifera, Albi- (Turcz.) Schischk., Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Ktze., zzia julibrissin Durazz. , Aeschynomene indica L., Polyg- Gynura bicolor DC., Microsorium dilatatum (Bedd.) ala lateriflora Y. K. Yang et al., Cynanchum amplexicaule 10 Sledge, Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl., Panax pseudo-gin- Hemsl., Polygonum polystachyum wall., Zanthoxylum seng wall. var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) Li, Gnetumparvifo- multijugum Franch., Balanophora polyandra Griff., Cli- lium (warb.) C. Y. Cheng, Styrax suberifolia Hook. et nopodium polycephalum (Van.) C. Y. wu et Hsuan, Dys- Arn. , Remusatia vivipara (lodd.) Schott., Monascus pur- osma auranticocaulis (Hand.-Mazz.) Hu, Melastoma pureus went, Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et wils., Carthamus polyanthum B1., Meconopsis horridula Hook.f. et 15 tinctorius L., Arisaema balansae Engl., Solanum septem- Thoms., Vicia multicaulis Ledeb., Lithocarpus polystach- lobum Bge., Polygonum suffultum Maxim., Desmodium yus Rehd., Alnus tinctoria Sarg., Anas platyrhynchos L., szechuenense (Craib) Schindl., Orchis salina Turcz., Py- Artemisia anomala S. Moore, Siphonostegia chinensis, racantha fortuneaha (Maxim.) Li, Begonia fimbristipulata Benth., Artemisia selengensis Turcz., Lepisma saccha- Hance, Begonia membranifera Chun et F. Chun, Carri- rina L., Equisetum arvense L., Arctia caja L., Juncus ef- 20 erea calycina Franch., Iresine herbstii Hook. f., Kadsura fusus L. var. decipiens Buchen., Juncus leschenaultii longipedunculata Finet et Gagn., Tetrastigma obovatum Gay., J. setchuensis Buchen. var. effusoides Buchen., (Laws.) Gagn., Leontice robustum (Maxim.) Diels, Cen- Ribes mandschuricum (Maxim.) Kom., Physalis peruvi- tropus sinensis (Stephens), C. bengalensis (Gmelin), ana L., Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen., Murdannia malabaricum (L.) Brckn., Eupatorium heter- Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz., Erigeron 25 ophyllum DC., Umbilicaria hypococcina (Jatta) Llano, bonariensis, Cassia tora L., P951, Dryobalanopsaromat- Gyrophora tornata Ach., Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) ica Gaertn. f., Blumea balsamifera DC., P953, Aneurole- Mann., Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC., Peristrophe pidium dasystachys (Trin.) Nevski, Pinna pectinata L., roxburghiana (Schult.) Brem., Larix potaninii Batal., Al- Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. var. batrachium pinia galanga (L.) Swartz, Carthamus tinctorius L., As- (Hance) Hand.-Mazz., Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., 30 tragalus sinicus L., Hypericum ascyron L., Actinodaphne Stephania hernandifolia walp., Campylotropis macrocar- cupularis (Hemsl.) Gamble, Strobilanthes japonicus pa (Bge.) Rehd., Styrax benzoin Dryand., Styrax tonkin- (Thunb.) Miq., Laportea macrostachya (Maxim.) Ohwi, ensis (Pier.) Craib, Styrax hypoglauca Perk., S. macroth- Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi, Alchornea trewioides yrsus Perk., S. subnivea Merr. et Chun, Aristolochia man- (Benth.) Muell.-Arg., Salvia plectranthoides Griff., An- shuriensis Kom., Aconitum coreanum (Levl.) Raipaics, 35 neslea fragrans wall., Dalbergia hancei Benth., Begonia Capra hircus L., Ovis aries L., Rumex japonicus Houtt., laciniata Roxb., Huechys sanguinea De Geer., Rhus pun- Rumex nepalensi Spr., Rumex confertus willd., Rumex jabensis Stew. var. sinica (Diels) Rehd. et wils., Smilax japonicus Houtt., Rumex nepalensis Spr., Zanthoxylum glabra Robx., S. glauco-china warb., Smilax mairei Levl., dimorphophyllum Hemsl., Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim., Rubus rufo-lanatus H. T. Chang, Ulmus pumila L. var. Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. et Arn., Polygo- 40 pilosa Rehd., Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Mallotus barbatus natum verticillatum (L.) All., Polygonatum roseum (wall.) Muell.-arg., Rhodiola sacra (Prain ex Hamet) Fu, (Ledeb.) Kunth, Lindernia angustifolia (Benth.) wettst., Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., Aralia echinocaulis Morinda umbellata L., Osmanthus matsumuranus Hay- Hand.-Mazz., Cyathocline purpurea (Ham.) O. Ktze., ata, Rumex japonicus Houtt., R. nepalensis Spr., Emilia Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Polygonum flac- sonchifolia (L.) DC., Laggera alata (Buch.-Ham.) 45 cidum Meissn., Polygonum blumei Meissn., Persicaria Sch.-Bip., Buddleia officinalis Maxim., Strophanthus di- longiseta, Desmodium szechuenense (Craib) Schindl., varicantus (Lour.) Hook. et Arn., Carex lanceolata Boott, Oxyria sinensis Hemsl., Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook., Viburnum utile Hemsl., Rhododendron molle (Bl.) G. Trifolium pratense L., Eupatorium heterophyllum DC., Al- Don, Passiflora altebilobata Hemsl., P973, P974, Aglaia ternanthera versicolor Reg., Begonia crassirostris Irm- odorata Lour., Oryza sativa L., P975, Eurya chinensis R. 50 sch., Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr., Viburnum ovatifolium Br., Vaccinium sprengelii (G. Don) Sleumer, Erigeron ca- Rehd., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Rhododendron nadensis L. , Allophylus viridis radlk. , Cyperus difformis arboreum Smith f. roseum Sweet, R. campylocarpum L., Aristolochia mollissima Hance, Averrhoa carambola Hook. f. , Clematis brevicaudata DC., Elaeagnus henryi L., Actinolite, Actinolite asbestus, Actinolitum brevifi- warb., Swertia erythrosticta Maxim., Ipomoea batatas brum, Caragana franchetiana Kom., Platysternon meg- 55 Lam., Ilex sp., Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith, Ecdy- acephalum Gray, Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.)Sw., santhera rosea Hook. et Arn., Rubus mallodes Focke, Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees) B1., Stephania tetran- Begonia sinensis A. DC., Castanopsis hickelii A. Camus, dra S. Moore, Aristolochia fangchi wu, Cocculus trilobus Erigeron elongatus Ledeb., Alstonia yunnanensis Diels,

18 35 EP 1 915 997 A1 36

Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, Ardisia mamillata Hance, Saxiglossum angustissimum (Gies.) Ching, Diploclisia Meconopsis punicea Maxim., Caragana rosea Turcz., glaucescens (Bl.) Diels, Euryale ferox Salisb., Phrag- Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Veronica ciliata mites communis Trin., Aloe vera L., Aloe ferox Mill., Aloe Fisch., Agate, Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., Ustilago hor- vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger, Piper boehmeriae- dei(Pers.)Lagerh., Hordeum dislichon, Claviceps purpu- 5 folium wall., Arundo donax L., Ruellia repens L., Musa rea (Fr.) Tulasne, Secale cereale L., Claviceps micro- basjoo Sieb. et Zucc., Caesalpinia sappan L., Perilla cephala Tulasne, C. purpurea (Fr.)Tulasne, Claviceps frutescens (L.)Britt. Var. crispa (Thunb.) Hand.-Mazz., P. microcephala Ce-3, Bulbophyllum nconspicuum Maxim., frutescens (L.) Britt. Var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo, P. frutes- Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl., Ophiopogon interme- cens (L.) Britt., Indiogofera carlesii Carib, Liquidambar dius D. Don, Liriope spicata Lour., L. minor (Maxim.) 10 orientalis Mill., Malva neglecta wallr., Blumea laciniata Mak., L. kansuensis (Batal.) C. H. wright, Ophiopogon (Roxb.) DC., Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf, Viola acuminata japonicus Ker-Gawl. var. genuinus Maxim., Silene conoi- Ledeb., Tetrastigma obtectum (wall.) Planch., Salvia dea L., Boehmeria gracilis C. H. wright, Dalbergia mi- substolonifera Stib., Pellionia radicans (sieb. et Zucc.) mosoides Franch., Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz., wedd., Alnus japonica Sieb. et Zucc., Thladiantha dubia Polygala tenuifolia willd., Indigofera neopolygaloides Hu, 15 Bge., SyzygiumbuxifoliumHook. et Arn., Phaseolus cal- Phlomis tuberosa L., Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Mal- caratus Roxb., Phaseolus angularis wight, Halloysite, lotus repandus (willd.) Muell.-Arg., Eucommia ulmoides Geranium strictipes R. Kunth, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Oliv., Cuculus poliocephalus Latham, Asarum forbesii Paeoniaobovata Maxim.,Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Paeo- Maxim., Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc., Maesa japonica nia anomala L., P. mairei Levl.,P. obovata Maxim.var.will- (Thunb.) Moritzi, Rhododendron simsii Planch., Cun- 20 mottiae (Stapf) Stern, P. hybrida Pall., Pyracantha fortu- ninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook., Hippuris vulgaris L., neana (Maxim.) Li, Saccharum sinensis Roxb., Poria co- Mangifera indica L., Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., weigela cos (Schw.) wolf, Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham., japonica Thunb., Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham., Myrica Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. var. sinense Hemsl., rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Campylotro- Vespa simillima Smith., Dinodon rufozonatum (Cantor), pis delavayi (Franch.)Schindl., Iris sanguinea Hornem., 25 Elatostema umbellatum Bl. Var. majus Maxim., Calyste- Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., L. pungens Hemsl., L. eu- gia soldanella R. Br., Prunus armeniaca L., P. armeniaca osma w. w. Smith, Amomum cardamomum L., Pepero- L. var. ansu Maxim., Prunus sibirica L., P. mandshurica mia reflexa (L. f.) A. Dietr., P1045~1046, Helicia erratica Koehne, Pimpinella candolleana wight et Arn., Pimpinel- Hook. f., Papaver rhoeas L., Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) la anisum, Prunus salicina Lindl., Maesa indica wall., Lam., Crossostephium chinense (L.) Mak. ex Cham. et 30 Polygonum amphibium L., Crepis elongata babc., Rhodi- Schltr., Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc., wikstroemia ola yunnanensis (Franch.) Fu, Delphinium anthriscifo- chamaedaphne Meissn., Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, lium Hance, Sedum verticillatum L., Pedicularis rex C. B. Brassica rapa L., Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera Clarke ex Maxim., Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) DC., Cymbopogon distans (Nees) A. Camus, Sonchus Hand.-Mazz., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Amelanchier si- brachyotus DC., Amaranthus mangostanus L., Perco- 35 nica(Schneid.)Chun, Amelanchier asiatica Engl., Cype- cyprispingi (Tchang), Polemonium liniflorum V. Vassil., rus michelianus (L.) Link, Corydalis suaveolens Hance, Polemonium coeruleum L., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Heterocodon brevipes (Hemsl.) Hand.-Mazz. et Nannf., Maxim., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc., Zan- Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham., Oxalis stricta L., thoxylum simulans Hance, Z. planispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Primula vittata Bur. et Franch., P. sikkimensis Hook., For- Z. avicennac (Lam.) DC., Z. simulans Hance var. podo- 40 sythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl, Forsythia koreana, F. in- carpum (Hemsl.) Huang, Z. piperitum DC., Sorbus po- termedia, Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. et Zucc. var. huashanensis (Hance) Hedl., Halenia corniculata (L.) sinense Rehd. et wils., P1114, wedelia prostrata (Hook. Cornaz., Clematis pseudopogonandra Finet et Gagn., et Arn.) Hemsl., w. prostrata (Hook. et Arn.) Hemsl. var. Malus asiatica Nakai, Trigonella ruthenica L., Paederus robusta Mak., Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., Kadsura densipennis Bernh., Lysimachia lobelioides wall., Cissus 45 oblongifolia Merr:, Spiraea japonica L. f. var. acuminata discolor B1., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Zanthox- Franch., Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Evodia rutae- ylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc., Begonia cathayana carpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, E. ru- Hemsl., Ophicalcite, Pottsialaxiflora (B1.) O. Ktze., taecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang, Asarum maximum Hemsl., Polygonum runcinatum Evodia xanthoxyloides F. Muell., E. xanthoxyloides, Bae- Buch.-Ham., P. runcinatum Buch.-Ham. var. sinense 50 ckea frutescens L, Ilex asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. Hemsl., Dryopteris laeta (Kom.) C. Chr., Barleria lupulina ex Benth., Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC., Salix mat- Lindl., Barleria prionitis L. , Munronia sinica Diels, Oe- sudana Koidz., Tropaeolum majus L., Zephyranthes nanthe javanica (Bl.) DC., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et grandiflora Lindl., Ostrea rivularis Gould, Ostrea gigas Coss., Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Atractylodes Thunb., Ostrea talienwhanensis Crosse, Artemisia chinensis Koidz., Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam., 55 japonica Thunb., A. japonica Thunb. f. resedifolia Take- A. chinensis Koidz. var. simplicifolia Kitag., A. chinensis da, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Paeonia suffruticosa An- var. quinqueloba, A. chinensis var. liaotungensis, Xan- dr. var. spontanea Rehd., P. papaveracea Andr., P. lutea thium sibiricum Patr. ex widd., Indigofera hancockii Craib, Franch., P. delavayi Franch., P. potanini Kom., P.

19 37 EP 1 915 997 A1 38 szechuanica Fang, P. thalictrumifolia C. Ho et S. Y. Chen, Pithecellobine, Diospyros lotus L., Sambucus javanica P. lutea Franch., P. yunnanensis Fang, Paeonia emodi, Reinw., Equus asinus L., Ferula assafoetida L.,Ferula P. officinalis, Clematis heracleifolia DC., Vitex negundo caspica Marsh.-Bieb., Ferula conocaula Eug., Fomes of- L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz., Ostrea ficinalis (Vill. et Fr.) Ames, Alyxia sinensis Champ. ex rivularis Gould, Artemisia japonica Thunb., Rattus nor- 5 Benth., Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, Heteropap- vegicus Berkenhout, Laportea sinensis C. H. wright, pus altaicus (willd.) Novopokr., P1189, P1190, Lagenaria Canis familiaris L., P1134, Dicranostigma leptopodum siceraria (Molina) Standl. var. depressa Ser., L. siceraria (Maxim.)Fedde, Bredia amoena Diels, Polygonum mul- (Molina) Standl. var. gourda Ser., Aconitum carmichaeli tiflorum Thunb., Cynanchum bungei Decne., C. auricu- Debx., Trigonotis peduncularis (Trev.) Benth., Millingto- latum Royle ex wight, Lycopodium obscurum L., L. cern- 10 nia hortensis L. f., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Gallus gal- num L., Tixospora sinensis(Lour.)Merr., Bretschneidera lus domesticus Brisson, Collybia albuminosa (Berk.) sinensis Hemsl., Polygonum coriaceum Samuels., Ly- Petch, Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Mak., Jurinea cianthes lysimachioides (wall.) Bitt., Citrusmedica L. var. mongolica Maxim., Randia sinensis (Lour.) Roem. et sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle, Sedumlineare Thunb., Schult., Calathodes oxycarpa Sprague, Viburnum seti- Briggsia chingii(Merr.)Chun, Sedum multicaule wall., Aq- 15 gerum Hance, Incarvillea delavayi Bur. et Franch., Poly- uilaria agallocha Roxb., A. sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, Kalan- gonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb. et choe laciniata (L.) DC., Gleditsia sinensis Lam., Salix Hemsl., Prunus simonii Carr., Spatholobus suberectus wallichiana Anderss., Gleditsia horrida Mak. , Mimosa Dunn, Mucuna birdwoodiana Tutcher, Millettia dielsiana pudica L., Oryza sativa L., Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., Cir- Harms, Millettia nitida Benth., Sargentodoxa cuneata caea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav., Eriocaulon 20 (Oliv.) Rehd. et wils., Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl., Mil- buergerianum Koern., Eriocaulon sieboldtianum Sieb. et lettia reticulata Benth., Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Zucc. ex Stend., E. nudicuspe Maxim., E. sexangulare Trin., Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth., Habenaria del- L., E. australe R. Br., Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. avayi Finet, Habenaria densa wall., Parnassia wightiana Smith, Zephyranthes candida Herb., Triplostegia glan- wall., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Abrus fruticulosus dulifera wall., Ligularia laesicotal Kitam., L. tsangchan- 25 wall. ex wight et Arn., Groton crassifolius Geisel., Dipelta ensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz., Coelogyne occultata Hook. ventricosa Hemsl., Celosia cristata L., Potentilla bifurca f., Incarvillea sinensis Lam., Incarvillea younghusbandii L., Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, Paederia scandens Sprague, Hypecoum erectum L., Chinemys reevesii (Lour.) Merr., Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour., Tripterygium wil- (Gray), Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Jasminum fordii Hook. f., Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud., Plumbagella nudiflorum Lindl., Magnolia liliflora Desr.,. Magnolia den- 30 micrantha (Ledeb.) Spach, Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) udata Desr,., Magnolia fargesii Cheng, M. campbellii Schindl., Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.)Mak.,Oxytro- Hook. f. et Thoms., Rubus sachalinensis Levl.,Viola dis- pismyriophylla (Pall.) DC.,Berberischingii Cheng, secta Ledeb., Machilus yunnanensis Lec. var. duclouxii Plumeria rubra L. var. acutifolia (Poir. ) Bailey, Codonop- Lec., Rhamnus globosus Bge., Saruma henryi Oliv., sis convolvulacea Kurz, Cornus capitata wall., Desmo- Abies delavayi Franch., Viburnum foetidum wall., Viola 35 scochinchinensis Lour., Stellaria neglecta weihe, Eu- serpens wall., Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn., Elaeag- phorbia esula L., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Pogoste- nus angustifolia L., Salix cheilophila Schneid., Ammopi- mon glaber Benth., Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr., ptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f., Astragalus com- Epipactis papillosa Franch., Gendarussa vulgaris Nees, planatus R. Br., Astragalus chinensis L., Astragalus ad- Psychotria siamica (Craib) Hutch., Equus asinus L., surgens Pall., Calligonum mongolicum Turcz., Ferula bo- 40 Crepis turczaninowii C. A. Mey., Dendrobium monili- realis Kuan, Oxytropis psammocharis Hance, Acrony- forme (L.) Sw., Rosa rugosa Thunb., Citrus tangerina chia pedunculata (L.) Miq., Artemisia halodendron Hort. et Tanaka, C. erythrosa Tanaka, Citrus sinensis Turcz., Echinops gmelinii Turcz., Oldenlandia capitellata (L.) Osbeck, C. wilsonii Tanaka, C. chachiensis Hort., (wall.) O. Ktze., Ferula borealis Kuan, Inula salsoloides Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson), Aster faberi (Trucz.)Ostenf., Commiphora myrrha Engl., Bal- 45 Franch., Celosia argentea L., Rana nigromaculata Hal- samodendron ehrenbergianum Berg., Quercus infecto- lowell, Rana plancyi Lataste, Allium sativum L., Artemisia ria Olivier, Cynips gallae-tinctoriae Olivier, Aquilaria agal- apiacea Hance, Artemisia annua L., Artemisia capillaris locha Roxb., Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, P1172, Noto- Thunb., A. scoparia waldst. et Kitaib., Artemisia japonica pterygium incisum Ting, Notopterygium forbesii Boiss., Thunb., Avena nuda L., Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Notopterygium franchetii Boiss., Batrachuperus pincho- 50 Lindau, Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Brem., Indigofera nii (David), Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia chebula tinctoria L., Isatis tinctoria L., I. indigotica Fort., Polygon- Retz. var. gangetica Roxb., Limonium gmelinii (willd.) O. um tinctorium Ait., Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr., Aristolo- Ktze., Psoralea corylifolia L., Nothopanax delavayi chia debilis Sieb. et Zucc., Aristolochia contorta Bge., (Franch.)Harms, Channa asiaticus (L.), Ganoderma j Aristolochia kaempferi willd., A. chuii C. Y. wu, Vladimiria aponicum (Fr.) Lloyd, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) 55 berardioides (Franch.) Ling, Vladimiria forrestii (Diels) Karst., Meliosma cuneifolia Franch., Viverra zibetha L., Ling, Vladimiria edulis (Franch.) Ling, Sinomenium acu- Viverricula indica Desmarest, Swainsonia salsula Taub., tum (Thunb.) Rehd. et wils., Diploclisia chinensis Merr., Pithecellobium lucidum Benth., Pithecellobium saman, Sabia japonica Maxim., Cocculus trilobus(Thunb.)DC.,

20 39 EP 1 915 997 A1 40

Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr., Hedera nepalensis K. Sonchus oleraceus L., Centaurea picris Pall., Physalis Koch var. sinensis(Tobl.)Rehd., Swertia vacillans pubescens L., Ilex cornuta Lindl., Ilex latifolia Thunb., (Hance) Maxim., Swertia pulchella (D. Don)Buch.-Ham., Ligustrum pedunculare Rehd., L. japonicum Thunb. var. S. nervosa wall., Lycopodium hamiltonii Spr., Hypoestes pubescens Koidz., Sophora alopecuroides L., Caes- purpurea (L.) Soland., Rhaphidophora hongkongensis 5 alpinia minax Hance, Corydalis bungeana Turcz., El- Schott, Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, Cynanchum ephantopus scaber L., Elephantopus tomentosus L., otophyllum Schneid., Quercus variabilis Bl., Quercus Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f., Sophoraalo- semicarpifolia Smith, Prinsepia utilis Royle, Mylopharyn- pecuroidesL., Astragalus melilotoides Pall., Picrasma godon piceus (Richardson), Aristolochia calcicolaC. Y. quassioides (D. Don) Benn., FagopyrumtataricumGaer- wu, Desmodiumcaudatun (Thunb. ) DC., Lyttacaraga- 10 tn., Ligustrum japonicum thunb. var. pubescens Koidz., nae Pallas, Celosia argentea L., Rana nigromaculata Ixeris denticulata (Houtt.) Stebb., Lagenaria siceraria Hallowell, R. plancyi Lataste, Artemisia apiacea Hance, (Molina) Standl. var. gourda Ser. , Pueraria omeiensis A. annua L., Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., Cocculus trilobus wang et Tang, Melia azedarach L., Melia toosendan Sieb. (Thunb.) DC., Lysionotus serratus D. Don, Ainsliaea ru- et Zucc., Ixeris sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance, I. sonchifolia brinervis Chang, Tripterospermum japonicum (Sieb. et 15 (Bge.) Hance var. serotina (Maxim.) Kitag., Millettia pach- Zucc.) Maxim., Cordia dichotoma Forst. F., P1244, ycarpa Benth., Scorzonera divaricata turcz., Loranthus Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.)DC., Rhus potanini Max- chinensis DC., Brassica caulorapa Pasq., Marsilea quad- im., Rhus chinensis Mill., P1244, Aster lasiocladus Hay- rifolia L., Malus pumila Mill., Medicago sativa L., Medi- ata, Pileostegia viburnoides Hook. f. et Thoms., Saxifra- cago hispida Gaertn. , Medicago hispida Gaertn. Var. ga przewalskii Engl., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult., 20 denticulata, M. hispida Gaertn. var. denticulata, Clematis Malus asiatica Nakai, Rhus succedanea L., Lespedeza glauva willd., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Rosa bracte- davurica (Laxm.) Schindl., Cyathula prostrata (L.) B1., ato wendl., Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud., Asarum insigne Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Xylanche himalaica Diels, Solanum melongena L., P1311, Castanea seguinii G. Beck, Isatis tinctoria L., Isatis indigotica Fort., Baphi- Dode, Roegneria serotina Keng, Hierochlo odoranta (L.) cacanthus cusia (Nees). Brem., Pinus tabulaeformis 25 Beauv., Castanea henryi (Skan) Rehd. et wils., Drosera Carr., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Pinus yunnanensis peltata Smith var. lunata (Buch.-Ham.) C. B. Clarke, Mon- Franch., Usnea longissima Ach., Usnea diffracta Vain., ochoria korsakowii Reg. Et Maack, Curcuma aromatica Phtheiros permum japonicum(Thunb.)Kanitz, Sciurus Salisb., Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc., Prunus japoni- vulgaris L., Armillaria matsutake Ito et Imai, Picris hiera- ca Thunb., Prunus humilis Bge., Prunus japonica Thunb. cioides L. subsp. j aponica Krylov, Pterocarya stenoptera 30 var. nakaii (Levl.) Rehd., Tulipa gesneriana L., Delphin- DC., Dendropanax chevalieri(Vig.)Merr., Liquidambar ium monanthum Hand.-Mazz., Pittosporum oligocarpum taiwaniana Hance, Viscum articulatum Burm. f., Brous- Hayata, Sida szechuensis Matsuda, Lagerstroemia sub- sonetia kazinoki Sieb. et Zucc., Lindera umbellata costata Koehne, Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) Presl, Thunb., Ribes alpestre wall. ex Decne., Morina delavayi Clematis clarkeana Levl. et Van’t., Veratrum taliense Franch., Trapa incisa Sieb. et Zucc. var quadricaudata 35 Loes. F., Ainsliaea lancifolia Franch., Senecio argunen- Gluck, Rubus hirsutus Thunb., Rosa roxburghii Tratt. F. sis Turcz., Veronicastrum sibirica (L.) Pennell, Veroni- normalis Rehd. et wils., Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) castrum sibirica (L.) Pennell. var. japonicum, Oxytropis Planch, Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv., Chenopodium chiliophylla Royle, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) aristatum L., Oplopanax elatus Nakai, Acanthopanax tri- Planch., Atriplex sibirica L., Thalictrum ramosum Boivin, foliatus (L. ) Merr., Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke, Ro- 40 Arsenopyrite, Iris tectorum Maxim., Milvus korschun lin- sa omeiensis Rolfe, Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., Bambusa eatus (Gray), Odontites serotina Reich., Eritrichium rup- sinospinosa McClure, Salsola ruthenica Iljin, Rosa dav- estre (Pall.) Bge., Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell, urica Pall., Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis (L.) Merr., Schizophragma integrifolium Oliv. f. denticulatum (Re- Rosa graciliflora Rehd. et wils., Smilax ferox wall. ex hd.) Chun, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., Dam- Kunth, Berberis soulieana Schneid., Mahonia gracilipes 45 nacanthus indicus Gaertn. f., Panthera tigris L., Anecto- (Oliv.) Fedde, Mahonia ganpinensis (Levl.) Fedde, Ma- chilus taiwanensis Hayata, Chrysosplenium macrophyl- honia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde, Berberis anhweiensis lum Oliv., Saxifraga stolonifera (L.) Meerb., Sansevieria Ahrendt, Cirsium belingschanicum Petr., Erinaceus eu- trifasciata Prain, Sansevieria trifasciata Prain var. lau- ropaeus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tribulusterrestris rentii N. E. Br., Uraria crinita Desv, Delphinium tatsien- L., Smilax nana wang, Euonymus wilsonii sprague, Cae- 50 ense Franch. aff., Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham., Cor- salpinia crista L., Celastrus flagellaris Rupr., Kalopanax allodiscus cordatulus (Craib) B.L.Burtt, Nephrolepis cor- septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz., Morina coulteriana Royle, difolia (L.) Presl, Veronica persica Poir., Ainsliaea spicata Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv., Scutellaria orthocalyx Vant. var. obovata (Franch. ) C. Y. wu, Pandanus furca- Hand.-Mazz., Jasminumsambac (L.) Ait., Lactuca tai- tus Roxb., Patrinia villosa Juss., Patrinia scabiosaefolia waniana Maxim., Momordica charantia L., Lactuca ver- 55 Fisch., Sonchus brachyotus DC., Thlaspi arvense L., sicolor (Fisch.) Sch.-Bip., Cirsium chinense Gardn. et Changium smyrnioides wolff, Moghania fluminalis Champ., Solanum dulcamara L., Sophoraflavescens Ait., (C.B.Clarke) Li, Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl., Rodg- Vallisneria spiralis L., Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., ersia pinnata Franch., Sedum leucocarpum Franch., Si-

21 41 EP 1 915 997 A1 42 nocrassulaindica (Decne.) Berger, Thunia alba (Lindl.) Hand.-Mazz., Polygala telephioides willd., Astilbe myri- Reichb f., Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. var. villosum antha Diels, Lysimachia grammica Hance, Quamoclit Huang, Oberonia myosurus (Forst.) Lindl., Artemisia pennata (Lam. ) Boj., Craibiodendron yunnanense w. w. brachyloba Franch., Codonopsis purpurea wall., Melod- Smith, Dischidia chinensis Champ. ex Benth., Dischidia inus henryi Craib, Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. et 5 australis Tsiang, Alectoria virens Tayl., Melica scabrosa Hutch.) w. T. wang et Hsiao, Bergenia purpurascens Trin., Hypericum chinense L., Trichosanthes obtusiloba (Hook.f.et Thoms.) Engl., Bergenia crassifolia (L.) C . Y. wu, Asarum longepedunculatum O. C. Schmidt, Fritsch, Boea crassifolia Hemsl.Thalictrum ichangense Coleus pumilus Blanco, Smilax scobinicaulis c. H. wright, Lecoy. ex Oliv., Rhodobryum giganteum (Hook.) Par., Smilax glauco-china warb., Ampelopsis delavayana Dracocephalum rupestre Hance, Patrinia rupestris Juss., 10 (Franch.) Planch., Smilax bockii warb., Lotus tenuis Kit- Ophiorrhiza japonica B1. var. leiocalyx Hand.-Mazz., ag., Pteris dactylina Hook., Cinchona succirubra Pav., Lysionotus carnosa Hemsl., Briggsia fritschii (Levl. et Cinchona ledgeriana Moens., C. calisaya wedd., C. of- Vant.) Craib, Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thoms.) ficinalisL., Triumfetta pilosa Roth, Kyllinga triceps Rottb., Engl., Corydalis thalictrifolia Franch., Boenninghausenia Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider), Tinospora capillipes albiflora (Hook.) Meissn., B. sessilicarpa Levl., Boening- 15 gagn., Tinospora imbricata S. Y. Hu, Potentilla reptans hausenia albiflora Meissn. var. japonica S. Suzuki, L. var. sericophylla Franch., Inula britannica L. var. chin- Berneuxia thibetica Decne., Vaccinium delavayi Franch., ensis (Rupr.) Reg., I. linariaefolia Turcz., I. britannica L., Campanula colorata wall., Millettia kweichowensis Hu, Cladonia fallax Abbayes, Percocypris grahami (Regan), Impatiens davidii Franch., Epiphyllum oxypetalum Haw., Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty et Vautier, Anten- Laminaria japonica Aresch., Ecklonia kurome Okam., 20 oron neofiliforme (Nakai) Hara, Carpesium divaricatum Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur., Aconitum vilmorinianum Sieb. et Zucc., Phymatopsis griffithiana (Hook.) J. Sm., Kom., Millettia reticulata Benth., Berberis kunmingensis Calendula arvensis L., Calendula officinalis L., Trollius C. Y. wu , Berberis pruinosa Franch., Ocimumbasilicum chinensis Bge., Trollius asiaticus L., Glechoma longituba L., Apocynum venetum L., Momordica grosvenori Swin- (Nakai) Kupr., Lysimachia christinae Hance, Psammo- gle, Hemsleya macrosperma C. Y. wu, Hemsleya ama- 25 silene tunicoides w. C. wu et C. Y. wu, Clematis hu- bilis Diels, Hemsleya chinensis Cogn., Thladiantha hook- chouensis Tamura, Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehd., L. eri C. B. Clarke, Crinum asiaticum L.var. sinicum Bak., dasystyla Rehd., L. similis Hemsl., L. fuchsioides Hemsl., Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don var. maki L. henryi Hemsl., L. lanceolata wall., Hyla chinensis (Sieb.) Endl., P. macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don, Podo- Gnther, Hyla regilla, wikstroemia nutans Champ., Ver- carpus forrestii Craib et w. w. Smith, Bulbophyllum odo- 30 miculite, Rosa laevigata Michx., Rosa bella Rehd. et ratissimum (J. E. Smith) Lindl., Bos grunniens L., Ther- wils. , R. odorata Sweet var. gigantea Rehd. et wils. , R. mopsis lanceolata R. Br., Chlorophytum capense (L.) macrophylla Lindl., Ainsliaea fragrans Champ., Clematis Ktze., Neillia sinensis Oliv., Veronicastrum axillare (Sieb. loureiriana DC. var. subpeltata (wall.) Hand.-Mazz., et Zucc.) Yamazaki subsp. venosum (Hemsl.) Hong, Ve- Euonymus yunnanensis Franch., Parameria laevigata ronicastrum axillare (Sieb. et Zucc.) Yamazaki subsp. 35 (Juss.) Moldenke, Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. var. ner- latifolium (Hemsl.) Hong, Veronicastrum axillare (Sieb. iifolium Rehd. et wils., Smilax glauco-china warb., Am- et Zucc.) Yamazaki subsp. stenostachyum (Hemsl.) phicome arguta (Royle) Lindl., Bidenspilosa L., Bidens- Hong, Lindera umbellate Thunb., Luisia morsei Rolfe, biternata (Lour.) Merr. et Sherff, Limonium aureum (L.) waltheria americana L., Lespedeza davidii Franch., Cu- Hill, Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd., Lonicera japonica cubalus baccifer L. var. japonicus Miq., Hordeum vulgare 40 Thunb., Agave americana L. var. marginata Hort., Agave L. var. nudum Hook. f., Anemarrhena asphodeloides americana L., Agave schottii, Rhododendron przewalskii Bge., Excoecaria acerifolia F. Didr., Potentilla chinensis Maxim., Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim., Macrothe- Ser., Amaranthus spinosus L., Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw., lypteris oligophlebia (Bak.) Ching, Macrothelypteris oli- Euonymus oxyphylla Miq., Malus halliana Koehne, Ara- gophlebia (Bak. ) Ching var. elegans (Koidz. ) Ching, bis pendula L. , Quisqualis indica L. , Biota orientalis (L.) 45 Phegopteris decursive-pinnata Fe, Vulpes vulpes L., Endl., Cupressus torulosa D. Don, Sabina recurva Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv., Canis familiaris L., Ci- (Buch.-Ham.) Antoine, Eupatorium fortunei Turcz., botium baromets (L.) J. Sm., woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Eupatorium cannabinum L., Begonia cavalerei Levl., Sm., Huolirion montana (Dammer) wang et Tang, Sti- Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott, Campylotro- zolobium cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tang et wang, Machil- pis trigonoclada (Franch.) Schindl., Boswellia carterii 50 us bracteata Lecomte, Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairvill Birdw., Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw., B. neglecta M. var. fauriei (Levl. et Vant. ) Kitam., Dicliptera chinensis Moore, P1381, Anaphalis lactea Maxim., Anaphalis lac- (L.) Nees, Desmodium heterocarpum (L.) DC., Setaria teal Maxim. f. rosa Lang, Viola philippica Cav., Carassius viridis (L.) Beauv., Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Calystegia auratus (L.), Paraphlomis rugosa (Benth.) Prain var. cor- japonica Choisy, Sericocalyx chinensis (Nees) Brem., onata (Van’t.) C. Y. wu, Native gold, Fortunella margarita 55 Cynoglossum amabile Stapf et Drumm., Phyllanthus (Lour.) Swingle, Fortunella crassifolia Swingle, Fortunel- cochinchinensis Spr., Disporum calcaratum D. Don., la japonica (Thunb.) Swingle, Callicarpa kwangtungensis Craibiodendron stellatum (Pier.) w. w. Smith, Vaccinium Chun, Stephania sinica Diels, Aconitum taiPeicum laetum Diels, P1429, Parnassia delavayi Franch., Craw-

22 43 EP 1 915 997 A1 44 furdia fasciculate wall., Crawfurdia chinensis Migo, Gym- lettia lasiopetala (Hayata) Merr., Botrychium virginianum nocladus chinensis Baill., Senecio oldhamianus Maxim., (L.) Sw., Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl., Lespedeza dun- Lepus tolai Pallas, Lepus mandschuricus Radde, Lepus nii Schindl., Citrus chachiensis Hort., Citrus suavissima oiostolus Hodgson, Lepus sinensis Gray, Oryctolagus Tataiwanensis wall. var. glandulosissima Airy-Shaw, cuniculus domesticus (Gmelin), Ainsliaea glabra Hemsl., 5 Physochlaina physaloides (L.) G. Don, Catalpa fargesii Syneilesis aconitifolia Maxim., Tanacetum sibiricum L., Bur., Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor), Hemistepta Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf., Alcedo atthis bengalensis carthamoides (Buch.-Ham.) O. Ktze., Misgurnus anguil- Gmelin, Chara fragilis Desv, Derris trifoliata Lour., Ich- licaudatus (Cantor), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Her- thyoxenus tchangi Yu, Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds., petospermum caudigerum wall., Lycopus lucidus Turcz., Swertia davidi Franch., Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. 10 Lycopus lucidus Turcz. var. hirtus Reg., L. lucidus Turcz. Clarke, Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia (B1.) DC., var. taiwanensis Hayata, L. parviflorus Maxim., L. maac- Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Lepidogrammitis drymoglos- kianus (Maxim.) Mak., L. coreanus Levl., L. europaeus soides (Bak.) Ching, Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm., Ajuga L., Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. orientale Samuels, lupulina Maxim. , Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC., Lespedeza Euphorbia helioscopia L., Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, Hypserpa nitida Miers, 15 Lysimachia candida Lindl., Ervatamia hainaensis Tsiang, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, P1447, Rhododen- Aster turbinatus S. Moore, Salvia cavaleriei Levl. var. dron molle (Bl.) G. Don, Rhododendron simplicifolia Stib., Lamium amplexicaule L., Angiopteris hunnewellianum , R. japonicum Suringer, Alstonia mairei officinalis Ching, Lindernia anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell, Levl.,Smithsonite , Fugu ocellatus (Osbeck), Fugu ver- Trichosanthes himalensis C. B. Clarke, Azurite, Altern- micularis (Temminck & schlegel), Fugu obscurus (Abe), 20 anthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Maesa perlarius Pseudogyrinocheilus procheilus (Sauvage et Dabry), (Lour.) Merr., Spiraea salicifolia L., Crepishookeriana C. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Aleurites fordii Hemsl., B. Clarke, Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring, Se- Aleurites montana, P1455, Symplocos laurina (Retz.) laginella pulvinata (Hook. et Grev.) Maxim., Corallodis- wall., Oxytropis oxyphylla DC., Leycesteria virescens cus kinginus (Craib) B. L. Burtt, Epilobium himalayense Lindl., C. pumilum Rolfe, P1474, Hemiboea subcapitat 25 Hausskn., Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw., Cymbidium c. B. Clarke, Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, Acronychia naka, Citrus suhoiensis Tanaka, C. poonensis Tanaka, pedunculata (L.) Miq., Pulicaria insignis Drumm. , Cirsi- C. tankan Hayata, Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai, um lineare (Thunb.) Sch.-Bip. var. pallidum (Kitam.) Ling, Kopsia officinalis Tsiang et P. T. Li, Cudrania tricuspidata Cirsium lineare Sch.-Bip., Coreopsis lanceolata L., (Carr. ) Bur., Abrus precatorius L., Citrus grandis (L.) Os- Asarumheterotrppoides F. Schm. var. mandshuricum 30 beck, Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck var. wentanyu Hort., C. (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq., Asarum forbesii grandis (L.) Osbeck var. shatinyu Hort., C. grandis (L.) Maxim., A. maximum Hemsl., A. geophilum Hemsl., A. Oseck var. Pinshanyu Hort., C. grandis (L.) Osbeck var. caudigerum Hance, A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms., szechipow Hort., C. grandis (L.) Osbeck var. tahungpow A. caulescens Maxim., A. longiflorum C. Y. Cheng et C. Hort., Viscum orientale willd., Citrus aurantium L., Citrus S. Yang, A. insigne Diels, A. longipedunculatum O. C. 35 sinensis (L.) Osbeck, C. medica L.anche caerulescens Schmidt, A. sieboldii var. seoulensis Nakai, A. sieboldii Steph., Orobanche pycnostachya Hance, Orobanche var. cineoliferum, Asarum europaeum, Ceratophyllum asiatica Kirschl., O. rapum-genistae Thuill., Tephrosia demersum L., Allium schoenoprasum L., Euphorbia esu- purp Though it is not restricted especially, Traditional Chi- la L. var. cyparissoides Boiss., Eucalyptustereticornis nese medicine or/and its extracts, granulated powdered Smith, Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan,Teucrium 40 medicines manufactured from natural plants, animal pernyi Franch., Justicia leptostachya Hemsl., Lespedeza parts, or mineral substances, for instance, the following chinensis G. Don, Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. f. et can be enumerated (the traditional medicine names are Thoms., Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Lunathyrium represented in their Japanese pronunciation); Tsumura- acrostichoides (Sw.) Ching, Matteucciastruthiopteris (L.) tou, Tsumuratou kasenkyushini, Ojji-tou, Ancyuusan, Jy- Todaro, Osmunda japonica Thunb., Blechnum orientale 45 uumihandokusan, Hachimijiogan, Daisaikotou, Syou- L., Brainia insignis (Hook.)J. Sm., woodwardia japonica saikotou, Saikokeishitou, Saikokeishikankyoutou, (L. f.) Sm., Dryopterispeninsulae Kitag., woodwardia uni- Saikokaryukotsuboreitou, Hangesyashintou, Ourenged- gemmata (Mak.) Nakai, Polystichum squarrosum Fe, dokutou, Hangekoubokutou, Goreisan, Keishikajyutsuf- Dryopteris filixmas (L.) Schott, Cyrtomium fortunei J. utou, Syouseiryuutou, Boujiougitou, Syouhangekabuku- Smith, Hypericum perforatum L., Mactra sulcataria De- 50 ryoutou, Syoufuusan, Toukisyakuyakusan, Kamisyouy- shayes, Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, Spatholirion ousan, Keishibukuryougan, Keishikaryukotsuboreitou, longifolium (Gagn.) Dunn, Eretmochelys imbricata (L.), Maoutou, Ebbikajyutsutou, Makumontou, shinbutou, Go- Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., Pteria margaritifera syuyutou, Ninjintou, Daioubotanpitou, Byakkoukaninjin- (L.), Pteria martensii (Dunker), Callicarapa bodinieri Lvl., tou, Shigyakusan, Mobougitou, Hangebyakujyutsuten- Ardisia maculosa Mez, Phyllanthus urinaria L., Thalic- 55 matou, Toukishigyakukagosyuyusyoukyoutou, Ryouke- trum trichopus Franch., Sorbaria arborea Schneid., Sor- ijyutsukantou, Cyoreitou, Hocyuuekitou, Rikkushitou, baria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br., Lysimachia clethroides Duby, Keishitou, Shichimotsukoukatou, Koutousan, Jy- Cyanotis arachnoidea C. B. Clarke, Cicuta virosa L., Mil- uzendaihotou, Keigairengyoutou, Juncyoutou, Yokuinin-

23 45 EP 1 915 997 A1 46 tou, Sokeikakketsutou, Yokkansan, Mashinkansekitou, ou, Saikokeishitou, Goryousan, Keishibukuryougan, Gorinsan, Onseiin, Seijyouboufuutou, Chitousouichihou, keishikajyutsufutou, Kamisyouyousan, Kakkontou, Keishikasyakuyakutou, Toukakusyoukitou, Boufuutsu- Ourengedokutou, etc. usyousan, Gosekisan, Syakukanzoutou. Kihitou, Jin- [0053] All the drugs authorized by the Japan Ministry souin, Nyojinsan, syakuyakukanzoutou, Bukuryousan, 5 of Health and Welfare can be enumerated. Shimotsutou, Kanmakutaisoutou, Saikantou, Cyouisy- oukitou, Shikushitou, Ryutansyakantou, Toukikyouaitou, "Compositions of the active ingredients of the agent for Mashinsekikantou, Heiisan, Saikoseikantou, Nichintou, hair Growth" Keishininjintou, Yokkansankachipihange, Daioukanzou- tou, shinpitou, Toukiinshi, Rokumigan, Nijyutsutou, Chid- 10 [0054] The processed semi-mature soybean, the proc- abokuichihou, Seihaitou, Ondantou, Jiinchihoutou, essed semi-mature soybean extracts, the processed Jionkoukatou, Gokoutou, Saipokutou, Daiboufuutou, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the processed Polygoni Multi- Ougikencyuutou, Syoukencyuutou, Daikencyuutou, flori Radix extracts, the processed Cynanchum bungei Syoumatou, Toukitou, Sansounintou, shiniseihaitou, Ts- Decne, the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne ex- uutousan, Onkeitou, Gosyajinkigan, Ninjinyoueitou, 15 tracts and the Longan seed have the hair growth effects Syousaikotoukakikkyosekkou, Rikkousan, Seishinren- respectively. shiin, Cyoreitougoushimotsutou, Sanousyashintou, [0055] However, this invention obtained synergistic ef- Saireitou, Ireitou, Bukuryouingouhangekoubokutou, fects of hair growth by blending the processed semi-ma- Goreisan, Ryoukyoujyutsukantou, Ryoukankyoumishin- ture soybean and/or its extracts and at least one sub- genintou, Ourentou, Sanmotsuougontou, Hainousan, 20 stance selected from the group consisting of the proc- Hainoutou, Toukikencyuutou, Sencyacyousan, Keishi- essed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, its extracts, the proc- bukuryougankamashiningan, mashiningah, Maoubush- essed Cynanchum bungei Decne and its extracts. isaishintou, Keihitou, Daisyoukitou, Keishikadaioutou, [0056] In this invention, notable effects of hair growth Inchinkoutou, Seisyoekitou, Kamikihitou, Kikkyotou, Shi- can be obtained with the addition of only small amounts yunkou, Syouyakukoujin, Shouyakushuuzibushi, Meta 25 of each of the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the light, Astattocrem, Astat liquid, Astat ointment, Shinfaz, processed Cynanchum bungei Decne and Longan seed and Toconshiropp, Heiisanryou, Atsushikiyoshiin, Gore- to the processed semi-mature soybean. The ratio of the isanryou, Kobushiseihaitou, Boukiougitou, saikokaryu- mixture of the processed semi-mature soybean with the kotsuboreitou, shinpitou, Boufuutsuseisanryou, Ouren- processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the processed Cy- tou, Saikokeishikankyoutou, Sokeikakketsutou, Saiko- 30 nanchum bungei Decne, and Longan seed is not espe- keishitou, Daisaikotou, Mashinkansekitou, Kakkontou, cially restricted. It is possible to adjust the amounts ap- Saikoseikantou, Koutousanryou, Mashinkantou, Kakon- propriately according to how the ingredients are com- toukasenshini, Sanousyashintou, Cyoreitou, Moku- bined as well as the mode of the agent for hair growth, boukitou, Toukishigyakukagosyuyusyoukyoutou, Yoku- etc. The following ranges are one mode of this invention kansankachinpihange, Toukisyakuyakusanryou, Rik- 35 and although they are desirable, one is not restricted with- kunshitou, Keishikaryuukotsuboreitou, Jyuumihan- in them especially. dokutou, Hangekoupukutou, Ryuutansyakantou, Oncy- [0057] The agent for hair growth in this invention usu- ushitsuutou, Onseiin, Ourentou, Sofuuteitsuutou, ally contains a processed semi-mature soybean and/or Yokkansankachinpihangetou, Junketsuonhotou, Ryuu- a processed semi-mature soybean extracts, along with dansyakantou, taiyousoubitou, Shiyakuonketsutou, Kai- 40 at least one substance selected from the group consisting kinshitsuutou, Oncyuushitsuutou, keishitou, Syousyouy- of a processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, processed Poly- oujyou, Hyoushitsuseicyoujyou, Onseiin, Keireianjunjy- goni Multiflori Radix extract, processed Cynanchum ou, Syouseiryuutou, Kouhiseikenjyou, Ourentou, Go- bungei Decne or processed Cynanchum bungei Decne mirisuijyou, Hocyuukaikijyou, Seinetsusyahijyou, Ouren- extract as active ingredients. geddokutou, Ryuukajunseijyou, Soukoujunkijyou, 45 [0058] In this mode of the agent for hair growth, it is Kougyakusuikijyou, Tenchitsuucyoujyou, Hanrikaiyoujy- preferable to obtain enough of a synergetic effects in hair ou, Shimosyoutsuusuijyou,. Kaihyousoukinjyou, San- growth by mixing the ingredients under the following con- sounintou, Futokuanjunjyou, Kakkontoukasenshini, Shi- ditions; blend "a" parts by weight of the processed semi- yakuonketsutou, Shimotsutou, Makumontou, Hangek- mature soybean and "b" parts by weight of the processed oupokutou, Keigairengyoutou, Hyoukaireiyoujyou, Cyu- 50 semi-mature soybean extracts (wherein "a" and "b" are usyoukenwajyou, Hangesyashintou, Ougegankadaiou, numbers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation of Ourengedokugan, Kankyouninjinhangegan, Kuketsug- a+b=100) with an, Keishibukuryougan, Keiryoukadaiougan, Sanougan, "c" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni Multiflori Daikangan, Toukakusyoukigan, Mashiningan, Ricyuu- Radix , "d" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni gan, Rokumigan, Hachimigan, Ancyuusan, Kamisyouy- 55 Multiflori Radix extracts, "e" parts by weight of the proc- ousan, Syoufuusan, tsuudousan, Toukisyakuyakusan, essed Cynanchum bungei Decne and "f" parts by weight Hainosan, Heiisan, Ninjinyoueitou, Daioukanzoutou, Ka- of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne extracts mikihitou, Toukisyakuyakusan, Hocyuuekitou, Sairyout- (wherein "c", "d", "e", and "f" are numbers that are not

24 47 EP 1 915 997 A1 48 less than 0, and fill a relation of 3≤c+d+e+f≤100, prefer- stances; Foods in daily life such as breads, noodles, and ably 20≤c+d+e+f≤60, for example, c+d+e+f=40). rice balls etc.; various kind of raw materials of food; Eating [0059] Moreover, a more desirable mode of the agent and drinking substances such as candies and juices. One for hair growth of the invention is achieved by containing is not restricted by these additional methods. Various Longan seed and/or Longan seed extracts as active in- 5 methods can be used when combining with conventional gredients into the above-mentioned ingredients. foods and beverages. In such cases, the amount of the [0060] In this mode of the agent for hair growth, it is agent for hair growth of this invention used can be ap- preferable to obtain enough of a synergetic effects in hair propriately adjusted according to an individual’s eating growth (especially improving the color and luster of hair) and drinking habits. by mixing the ingredients at the rates under the following 10 [0064] When the agent for hair growth of this invention conditions; is used orally, the frequency and the amount of intake blend "a" parts by weight of the processed semi-mature can be properly adjusted to the relative conditions, it is soybean and "b" parts by weight of the processed semi- not restricted especially. mature soybean extracts (wherein "a" and "b" are num- [0065] For instance, intake of the agent twice a day at bers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation of a+b=100) 15 the following times; when hungry in the early morning and and before going to sleep at night. Also, the agent can "c" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni Multiflori be taken orally at a frequency ranging from once to sev- Radix , "d" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni eral times a day. To achieve the hair growth effects, in- Multiflori Radix extracts, "e" parts by weight of the proc- gesting 0.08g to 0.5g/kg body weight/day of the proc- essed Cynanchum bungei Decne and "f" parts by weight 20 essed semi-mature soybean is sufficient. The Japanese of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne extracts Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare recommends that (wherein "c", "d", "e", and "f" are numbers that are not the amount of the soybean intake is 76g to 100g per day. less than 0, and fill a relation of 3≤c+d+e+f≤100, prefer- "National health care movement of the 21st century ably 20≤c+d+e+f≤60, for example, c+d+e+f=40) with (health Japan 21)" (Ministry of Health and Welfare: 2000). "g" parts by weight of the Longan seed and "h" parts by 25 The agent for hair growth of this invention can achieve weight of the Longan seed extracts (wherein "g" and "f" noticeable results of hair growth even if it is ingested for are numbers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation only a short period of time, such as 6-12 weeks. of 2≤g+h≤30, preferably 4≤g+h≤12, for example, g+h=8). [0066] In addition, the agent for hair growth of this in- vention can be used as an external hair tonic. In this way, "The mode of the agent for hair geowth" 30 it is possible to apply it with various well-known hair treat- ment methods, such as hair tonics, shampoos, rinses, [0061] As far as efficacy is concerned, in the agent for hair conditioners, hair treatments, and Hearorshorn, hair hair growth of this invention, oral administration is suita- creams, hair oils, hair gels, ointments, powders, and ble. For instance, the powder or liquid (extracts) form of granulated powders, etc. the agent can be taken by adding an additive such as 35 [0067] In hair tonic such externally, aside from the ac- sweeteners if necessary. As an example, various forms tive ingredients of this invention, materials such as drugs, of oral administration of the agent for hair growth are quasi-drugs, skin cosmetic, the cosmetic raw materials enumerated and various elements mixed with conventional hair tonics [0062] These may include the liquid type such as syr- (for example, materials for moisture preservation, sur- up, an ampuled liquid (beverages), and then tablet, cap- 40 face-active agents, emulsifying agents, powders, color- sule, powder, fine granule and granulated powder form. ing matters, solubilizers, cleaning agents, ultraviolet ray In the case of oral administration, a variety of well-known absorbents, thickening agents, medicines, spices, pH substances such as bonding agents, forming agents, ex- adjustment materials, resins, anti-bacterials, viral and plosive puff agents, lubricants, brightening agents, mold materials, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, rows, sweeteners, and zests, etc. can be used for the agent 45 and oils, lipids, fatty acids, etc.) can be properly mixed. for hair growth of this invention. Here, the tablets can be Moreover, other compounds and other plant extracts covered with shieracc or sugar. Moreover, the capsule which have hair growth effects may be used together preparations may contain a liquid catalytic supporting within a certain range so as not to impair the effects of substance such as oils and lipids amongst the materials this invention. mentioned above. The syrup and ampuled liquid prepa- 50 [0068] It is desirable to apply the agent of this invention rations (beverages) may contain sweeteners, preserva- externally from once to several times per day directly tives, and coloring and flavoring substances. onto the affected area. [0063] Additionally, it is possible to take the agent for hair growth of this invention together with the following EXAMPLES foods; Western-style cakes such as cookies; Rice crack- 55 ers, sweet jelly made from bean jam, Japanese-style con- [0069] The inventor explains this invention more con- fections such as Taiyaki, Chinese cakes such as Geppei, cretely in the following examples, but is not restricted by boiled dumplings etc.; or Chinese-style raw food sub- them.

25 49 EP 1 915 997 A1 50

"making of the processed semi-mature soybean" "making of the processed Longan seed"

[0070] After a frying-pan was preheated in a gas stove, [0077] Material: 1.0 kilogram of black soybeans, 2.5 one kilogram of dry yellow soybeans was put into the liters of the Huangjiu (brandname: "Fuzhou Laojiu", frying-pan, which were stirred with medium heat for three 5 Fuzhou Zhaojiu Chang, Fuzhou China). 10 kilograms of minutes; after which the semi-mature soybean was ob- raw Longan seeds (cultivated in Shandong province, Chi- tained. na, and obtained from Pinghe prefectural hospital, Chi- [0071] In the processed semi-mature soybean, the typ- na.) ical taste of the raw soybeans was removed without pul- verizing the soybeans by excessive heating. 10 Procedure 1: Add 1.0 kilogram of the black soybeans to 5 liters of water and boil by using a low flame for "making of the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix" 3 hours, obtaining 1.0 liter of hot water extract. 1.5 liters of hot water extract J is obtained with the sec- [0072] Material: 1.0 kilogram of black soybean. 2.5 lit- ond extraction. ers of the Huangj iu (brandname: "FuzhouLaojiu", 15 Procedure 2: Mix 2.5 liters of the hot water extract Fuzhou Zhaojiu Chang, Fuzhou China) . 10 kilograms of obtained in procedure 1 and 2.5 liters of Huangjiu. raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix. (cultivated in Shandong Then, add 10 kilograms of Longan seed to this mixed province, China, and obtained from Pinghe prefectural solution, heat for about 10 hours by using hot water, hospital, China.) soaking the Longan seed in all of the black soybean [0073] Procedure 1: 1.0 kilogram of black soybeans is 20 extract and Huangjiu. added to 5 liters of water and brought to a boil by using Procedure 3: Dry the Longan seed obtained in pro- a low flame for 3 hours to obtain 1.0 liter of hot water cedure 2 by using a natural drying method. extract. 1.5 liters of hot water extract is obtained with the second extraction. Subject [0074] Procedure 2: Mix 2.5 liters of the hot water ex- 25 tract obtained in procedure 1 and 2.5 liters of Huangjiu. [0078] In this invention, the subjects were 70 healthy Then, add this mixed solution into 10 kilogram of raw individuals (59 males and 11 females) ranging in age Polygoni Multiflori Radix, heat for about 10 hours by using from 29 to 53 years old (the average age is 40.1+/-5.8 hot water, soak all of the black soybean extracts and years old.) The merits and risks of participating in this Huangjiu into the Polygoni Multiflori Radix. 30 research experiment were explained by myself to all the [0075] Procedure 3: Dry the Polygoni Multiflori Radix subjects and subsequently received their approval. All obtained in procedure 2 by using a natural drying method. subjects involved suffer from alopecia and/or thinning hair. "making of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne" 35 The groups and the hair restoration ingredients [0076] Material: 1.0 kilogram of black soybean, 2.5 lit- ers of Huangjiu (brandname: "Fuzhou Laojiu", Fuzhou [0079] The subjects were divided into 14 groups with Zhaojiu Chang, Fuzhou China). 10 kilograms of raw Cy- each group consisting of 5 individuals and received the nanchum bungei Decne. (cultivated in Shandong prov- following respective hair restoration powder substances ince, China, and obtained from Pinghe prefectural hos- 40 for oral consumption. pital, China.) 1, The raw soybean group: the subjects ingested raw Procedure 1: Add the 1.0 kilogram of black soybeans yellow soybean powder (100%). to 5 liters of water and boil by using a low flame for 2, The processed semi-mature soybean group: the 3 hours, obtaining 1.0 liter of hot water extract. 1.5 45 subjects ingested processed semi-mature soybean liters of hot water extract is obtained with second powder (100%). extraction. 3, The mature yellow soybean group: the subjects Procedure 2: Mix 2.5 liters of the hot water extract ingested mature yellow soybean powder (100%). obtained in procedure 1 and 2.5 liters of Huangjiu. This was obtained by steaming the beans for two or Then, add this mixed solution into 10 kilograms of 50 more hours until having completely matured. raw Cynanchum bungei Decne, heat for about 10 4, The boiled black soybean group: the subjects in- hours by using hot water, soak all of the black soy- gested boiled black soybean powder (100%). bean extracts and Huangjiu into the Cynanchum 5, The raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix group: the sub- bungei Decne. jects ingested dry raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix pow- Procedure 3: Dry the Cynanchum bungei Decne ob- 55 der (100%). tained in procedure 2 by using a natural drying meth- 6, The processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix group: od. the subjects ingested processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix powder (100%).

26 51 EP 1 915 997 A1 52

7, The raw Cynanchumbungei Decne group: the sub- od was adopted which includes dividing the area of thin- jects ingested dry raw Cynanchum bungei Decne ning hair into six stages representing the following con- powder (100%). ditions: 8, The processed Cynanchum bungei Decne group: the subjects ingested processed Cynanchum bungei 5 A condition of normal health is termed "stage 0"; no Decne powder (100%). hair growing in the area of the forehead and the rest 9, The Huangjiu group: the subjects ingested of the head as "stage 5"; and stages between 0 and Huangjiu. 5 are divided into stages 1, 2, 3, and 4. When difficult 10, The Longan seed group: the subjects ingested to differentiate clearly, it was acceptable to use dec- dry Longan seed powder (100%). 10 imal values such as "0.5". 11, The processed Longan seed group: the subjects ingested processed Longan seed powder (100%). [0085] Moreover, the degree of pain experienced 12, The "compound ingredients 1" group: the sub- when hair was pulled was divided into three stages as jects ingested the "compound ingredients 1" powder an index to evaluate the effects of hair growth. That is, which consisted of the processed semi-mature soy- 15 "degree 1" indicated mild-, "degree 2" moderate-, and bean and the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix at "degree 3" strong pain sensation. a ratio of 2.5 : 1.0 (w : w) respectively. [0086] This data was calculated by using the Student’s 13, The "compound ingredients 2" group: the sub- "t" test with Microsoft Excel 2003 and was significant jects ingested the "compound ingredients 2" powder when p equated to less than 5%. which consisted of powders of the processed semi- 20 [0087] Moreover, when a subject gave consent, pic- mature soybean and the processed Cynanchum tures were taken using a camera (MZ50) under same bungei Decne with a ratio of 2.5 : 1.0 (w : w) respec- lighting conditions. tively. [0088] Furthermore, some subject’s hair was cut at a 14, The "compound ingredients 3" group: the sub- length of 20 mm. (However, out of respect for the dignity jects ingested the "compound ingredients 3" which 25 of the individual subjects, the hair of those individuals consisted of powders of processed semi-mature who wished for their hair not to be cut was compared to soybeans, processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix and their usual hairstyle to monitor any changes in hair Longan seeds with a ratio of 12.5 : 5 : 1(w : w : w) growth.) respectively. 30 Time points of evaluation Dosage and frequency [0089] Data was collected and evaluated at the follow- [0080] The raw yellow soybean powder, the processed ing times: before the test, at the end of the 6th week and semi-mature soybean powder, the mature yellow soy- again at the end of the 12th week. However, in the fol- bean powder and the boiled black soybean powder were 35 lowing description, the data gathered before the test and taken twice a day - once before breakfast and again once that gathered at the end of the 12th week was used. before retiring at night-time, with a dosage of 8g each time, ingesting a total of 16g per day. Results [0081] The raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the proc- essed Polygoni Multiflori Radix powder, the raw Cynan- 40 [0090] Figure 1 shows the results for the alopecia and chum bungei Decne powder, the processed Cynanchum areas of thinning hair. In the cases when the raw yellow bungei Decne powder, the Longan seed powder and the soybeans, the mature yellow soybeans, the Huangjiu, processed Longan seed powder were taken twice per the raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix and the raw Cynanchum day-once before breakfast and again before retiring at bungei Decne were taken respectively, no improvement night-time, with a dosage of 4g each time, ingesting 8g 45 of the alopecia and/or areas of thinning hair was ob- in total per day. served. These results show that there was no hair restor- [0082] The Huangjiu was taken once per day before ative effect when these materials were taken respective- retiring at night-time with a dosage of 200 ml each time. ly. [0083] The "compound ingredients 1", the "compound [0091] In addition, in those cases when the processed ingredients 2", the "compound ingredients 3" were taken 50 semi-mature soybean, the boiled black soybean, the twice a day - once before breakfast and once before re- processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the processed Cy- tiring at night-time, with a dosage of 12g each time, in- nanchum bungei Decne, Longan seeds or the processed gesting 24g in total per day. Longan seeds were taken respectively, little improve- ment in the alopecia and/or areas of thinning hair was Evaluation of state of hair 55 found. However, there were no significant changes in the statistics (each p>0.05, Figure 1). On the other hand, [0084] Regarding the method of evaluating the extent these results showed that these ingredients do have of alopecia and area of thinning hair, a well-known meth- some effect of hair restoration when taken respectively.

27 53 EP 1 915 997 A1 54

[0092] Also, in those cases when the "compound in- [0102] Moreover, in this description, the results at the gredients 1", the "compound ingredients 2" and the "com- time of the 12th week were used. It is thought that further pound ingredients 3" were taken respectively, significant effects of hair restoration will appear by continuing this improvements in the alopecia and/or areas of thinning test. hair were found. This could not be verified when taking 5 [0103] Furthermore, at no time during which the com- the ingredients independently as was the case with pounds were taken were any side effects observed. groups 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10. Come to think of it, soybeans (yellow soybeans and black [0093] Demonstrating the synergistic effects of ingre- soybeans) have a long history in their use as food - such dients used in combination to promote hair restoration, as Natto and bean curd in Japan - thereby clearly proving adding to significant changes in the statistics (each 10 their safety. Huangjiu also has a history of 3000 years or p<0.05, Figure 1). more as a kind of beverage in China, and in Japan a [0094] Figure 2 is photographic data of a subject who history of over 200 years. It has been proven that drinking took "compound ingredients 1", proving that this set of Huangj iu in appropriate quantities positively influences ingredients 1 had an excellent effect on hair growth (the one’s health. The processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix Hatsumou). 15 and the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne have 1000 [0095] Figure 3 is photographic data of a subject who years or more history and were used as "Buyiyao" (mean- ingested "compound ingredients 2", proving that this par- ing herbal tonics, a term of traditional Chinese Medicine), ticular combination also had an excellent effect on hair without any documented side effects. In recent years, growth (the Hatsumou). the effect of processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix in de- [0096] Figure 4 is photographic data of a subject who 20 creasing serum cholesterol was found, and it is also wide- took "compound ingredients 3". This individual participat- ly used for the treatment and prevention of geriatric dis- ed in this test for the sake of improving his thinning and eases. The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan has greying hair. After taking "compound ingredients 3" for also aknowledged the medicinal of the plant and has in- 12 weeks, his thinning hair improved, in density and more cluded it in the "Japanese Pharmacopeia", authorizing it than half of his gray hair turned black. These effects were 25 as an oriental medicine in Japan. based on mixing Longan seeds with the "compound in- [0104] Data is not shown in this description, however gredients 1" or "compound ingredients 2". in regards to some of the subjects who ingested the "com- [0097] Moreover, Area 1 and Area 2 had already ex- pound ingredients 1", the "compound ingredients 2 "or perienced hair loss about 25 years ago. The Hatsumou the "compound ingredients 3", their blood-, hepatic- and could be confirmed even in these two areas thereby prov- 30 kidney function were examined. The results concluded ing that "compound ingredients 3" had an excellent effect that there were no side effects at all. In one group of the on hair growth. subjects, the values in their data became more normal. [0098] Figure 5 shows the changes in pain sensation Therefore, it has been proven that the compound ingre- at the hair root. In those cases where the hair restoration dients are safe for ingestion. ingredients were taken independently, no changes in 35 [0105] Based on the above results, it became clear pain at the hair root were found when the hair was pulled. that the "compound ingredients 1", the "compound ingre- Additionally, in those cases where "compound ingredi- dients 2" and the "compound ingredients 3" have excel- ents 1", "compound ingredients 2" or "compound ingre- lent effects on hair growth, can notably stimulate hair dients 3" were taken respectively, the pain in the hair root growth in a short period of time, and that each compound became more perceptible. 40 is safe for consumption. In addition, it can be said that [0099] In alopecia and the thinning of hair, it is well- the compounds of this invention have the added value known to be accompanied by shrinkage of the hair root. that is not inherent in conventional hair tonics, namely Current hair tonics aim to mainly promote the circulation that it can be processed into the form of delicious foods of blood and replenish nourishment however no reports whilst having excellent hair growth effects. have been found documenting pain in the hair root. 45 [0100] This inventor found that a person with alopecia INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY or thinning of hair either does not feel pain/or experiences only slight pain when his/her hair is pulled. The inventor [0106] The agent for hair growth of this invention can thought that this phenomenon can be used as an evalu- be used as a medicine by an untouched mode as well ation index of hair growth. By taking the agent for hair 50 as a food and beverage additive. Furthermore, the agent growth of this invention, the pain at the hair root became can be preserved under room temperature for a moder- perceptible. The reasons for this are thought to be that ate to long period of time (from half a year to 2 years) . the agent for hair growth of this invention either improved The raw materials can be procured from regular markets, the health of the hair and its root, or that the nervous thereby ensuring its industrial applicability. function of the hair root was improved. 55 [0101] Additionally, though it does not present in this description as data, all the subjects of groups 12, 13 and 14 experienced notable improvement in the sheen of hair.

28 55 EP 1 915 997 A1 56

Claims 3≤c+d+e+f≤100) with "g" parts by weight of the Longan seed and "h" parts 1. An agent for hair growth characterized by compris- by weight of the Longan seed extracts (wherein "g" ing: and "f" are numbers that are not less than 0, and fill 5 a relation of 2≤g+h≤30). a processed semi-mature soybean and/or a processed semi-mature soybean extracts and 5. The agent for hair growth according to any one of at least one substance selected from the group claims 1 to 4, which is prepared as an oral type. consisting of a processed Polygoni Multiflori Ra- dix, processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix ex- 10 tracts, a processed Cynanchum bungei Decne or processed Cynanchum bungei Decne ex- tracts as active ingredients, wherein the processed semi-mature soybean is obtained by heating soybeans within the tem- 15 perature range that removes the typical of raw soybean taste without pulverizing the soybeans by excessive heating and the processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix or the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne are each 20 obtained by soaking black soybean extracts and liquors into raw Polygoni Multiflori Radix or raw Cynanchum bungei Decne.

2. The agent for hair growth according to claim 1, which 25 comprises "a" parts by weight of the processed semi-mature soybean and "b" parts by weight of the processed semi-mature soybean extracts (wherein "a" and "b" are numbers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation 30 of a+b=100) with "c" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni Multi- flori Radix , "d" parts by weight of the processed Poly- goni Multiflori Radix extracts, "e" parts by weight of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne and "f" 35 parts by weight of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne extracts (wherein "c", "d", "e", and "f" are num- bers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation of 3≤c+d+e+f≤100). 40 3. The agent for hair growth according to claim 1, which further comprises Longan seed and/or Longan seed extracts as active ingredients.

4. The agent for hair growth according to claim 3, which 45 comprises "a" parts by weight of the processed semi-mature soybean and "b" parts by weight of the processed semi-mature soybean extracts (wherein "a" and "b" are numbers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation 50 of a+b=100) and "c" parts by weight of the processed Polygoni Multi- flori Radix , "d" parts by weight of the processed Poly- goni Multiflori Radix extracts, "e" parts by weight of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne and "f" 55 parts by weight of the processed Cynanchum bungei Decne extracts (wherein "c", "d", "e", and "f" are num- bers that are not less than 0, and fill a relation of

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REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader’s convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Patent documents cited in the description

• JP 2001238637 A [0004] [0008] • JP H06100421 A [0006] [0008] • JP 2002053434 A [0004] [0008] • JP 2002145732 A [0006] [0008] • JP H08127517 A [0004] [0008] • JP 2004182687 A [0022] • JP H03206019 A [0005] [0008] • JP H0248514 A [0029] • JP H06227946 A [0005] [0008]

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