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0 0""74470"89583"" 1 SAil C The South And Meso American Indian Rights Center Abya Yala News Co TENTS Editors: SAIIC Board of Directors Copy Editor: Jessica Falkenhagen Layout and Design: Edgar Ayala! Grassroots Publishing Editorial ....................................3 Cover Photo by: Alexandre Sassaki SAIIC Staff In Brief .....................................4-5 Executive Director: Laura Soriano Morales (Mixteca!Zapoteca) Journal Coordinator: Jess Falkenhagen Radio Program Coordinator: Laura Soriano Morales Convention 169 of the ILO SAIIC Interns Paulus Bouma, Wouter te Kloeze, Nick Luem, Jessine Foss An Introduction to the ILO .......................6 SAIIC Board of Directors Gina Pacaldo (San Carlos Apache-Chicana) ILO Convention 169-Can it help? ..................1 0 Carlos Maibeth (Miskito-Nicaragua) Mariana Chuquln (Quichua-Ecuador) Marcos Yoc (Maya-Kaqchikei-Guatemala) Mexico: Interview with Margarita Gutierrez .......... 12 Amalia Dixon (Miskito-Nicaragua) Alejandro Amaru Argumedo (Quechua-Pen.J) Costa Rica: dealing with the highest law in the land ... 14 SAIIC Advisory Council Ruilno Domingez (Mixteco-Mexico) Guatemala: Convention 169 and the Peace Accords ... 17 Luis Macas (Quichua-Ecuador) Atencio Lopez (!<una-Panama) Subscriptions: Self Determination and Territory Abya Yala News (ISSN I071-3182) is published quarterly in English and Spanish. It is available for an annual US$25 individual membership, US$15 low-income subscription, US$25 for Panama: Naval Base in Kuna Yala ..................20 Indigenous/social justice non-proilts, US$40 for institutions. For Canada and Mexico add US$5, for all other international mem­ Ecuador: Indigenous Protest ......................21 berships, add US$1 O.Your donations help us send the journal free in Spanish to Indigenous organizations in the South. We welcome submissions of articles, letters, photographs and rele­ Daughters of Abya Yala vant information. Letters and articles may be edited for length. If you have access to a computer, please send your article on paper and on an Mac-compatible 3 I/2 inch disk. Send all correspondence Bolivia: Interview with Alicia Canaviri ...............22 to: SAIIC: P.O. Box 28703 Oakland, CA 94604, USA Environment Phone: (51 0) 834-4263 Fax: (51 0) 834-4264 e-mail: [email protected] Chile: Ralco Dam threatens Pehuenche .............25 We would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their generous assistance or contri­ butions to Abya Yala News: Adriana Ballen, Gerard Schulting, Venezuela: lmataca Rainforest Reserve .............30 Margarita Gutierrez, Chandra Ro)i Victor Montejo, Atencio Lopez, Mina Davis Caulileld, Alicia Canaviri, Dario Jana, Susana Sawyer, David Rothchild, Armstrong Wiggins, Guillermo Delgado, Eric Human Rights Bergman, Akiyoshi Aiida. Organizations: Survival International, DoCip (Switzerland), Indigenous People at the U.N. ...................32 Rainforest Action Network (USA), Amerindia (Spain), Napguana (Panama), CONAIE (Ecuador), International Rivers Network, Amazon Coalition, Community Consulting Network, WATU Mexico: Zapatista march to to the capital ............34 (Spain). Publications: Servicio lnformativo (Agencia Latinoamericana de Announcements Informacion), Indigenous and Tribal Peoples: A Guide to ILO Convention 169. Thanks to the following foundations for their generous Profile of SAlle's New Director ....................36 support: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Public Welfare Foundation, Judith Stronach Fund of the Vanguard Public SAlle's Annual Board Meeting ....................37 Foundation, Foundation for Deep Ecology, Funding Exchange,The Stilllwaters Fund of the Tides Foundation, Seventh Generation. This issue of SAIIC Abya Yala News was made possible by fund­ NOTE: These articles have been revised, updated and ing from Public Welfare Foundation. edited. To keep them up to date, new information has Indexed: Alternative Press Index, Ethnic News Watch. been added. SAIIC is located at 1714 Franklin Street, 3rd Floor, * Abya Val a is the Kuna word for Continent of Life which Oakland, CA, 94612. @ ·~·"' includes all of the Americas. EDITORIAl -------------------------------------------- n response to mounting pressure from the Indigenous movement, a new perspective has begun to come forth in regards to Indigenous people throughout the past two decades, as Governments start to acknowledge the I cultural and linguistic diversity of Indigenous communities. Just as the last 25 years have seen a change in national Government's position in regard to Indigenous peoples, international bodies are also reexamining their previously held assumptions and are now recognizing Indigenous peoples right to control their own lands, their own economic development, their own unique cultures, and their futures. The creation of new laws and pro­ grams and the ratification of international treaties, such as the ILO Convention 169 of 1989, seem to indicate that these nations are serious about their commitment to cherishing diversity. This issue of Abya Yala News examines the International Labor Organizations Convention No. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and asks how it has affected the lives of Indigenous peoples in nations where it has been ratified. Due to the successful efforts of Indigenous groups, states have begun to move away from trying to forge homogenous nations and have started to officially propane the multiethnic state. The idea that a true democra­ cy must be pluricultural is beginning to take hold in a number of Latin American countries. More than any other international document, the International Labor Organization's Convention 169 represents this shift in attitude from an assimilationist perspective to one that respects and values Indigenous cultures. To introduce the topic, we start with an explanation of the structure and procedures of the International Labor Organization and discuss the relationship between this international body and Indigenous people. An analysis of Convention 169, which elaborates on some of its most controversial points, follows. These two arti­ cles provide an overview of the most thorough international document to deal with Indigenous cultural, territo­ rial, linguistic and religious rights in the modern nation state. This issue presents how different nations are working to make ILO Convention 169 fit within the framework of existing national laws. It examines the relationship between legislation and practice. More than anything else this issue provokes questions- Will the ratification of Convention 169 bring the changes it promises? Is the pan American commitment to pluriethnic nations a superficial gesture or a does it represent a real change in the last 500 years of policy making? In an interview with SAIIC, Margarita Gutierrez explains why she believes that, despite its limitations, the Convention has been and will continue to be a useful tool for Indigenous people in Mexico to achieve internal autonomy and self-determination. Costa Rica ratified Convention 169 in 1993, recognizing it as the highest law in the land. Four years later the Costa Rican Government still seems to be having difficulty implementing many ofits articles. We also look at how Guatemala, still reeling from decades of war, is struggling to implement Convention 169 along with their news laws, as the nation strives to preserve and respect the Mayan cultures. It is our sincere hope that this convention can be used as an instrument tO help negotiate a peaceful solution to the land prob­ lems affecting Mayan communities. The fact that the document is being translated and widely distributed among Indigenous communities, enabling them to participate in its implementation, is encouraging. As always we at SAIIC are watching the changes taking place on the international scene. We see advances and setbacks, positive steps forward and continued injustices. ILO Convention 169 is an international response to Indigenous demands. Whether governments which ratify it will follow through with its full implementation remains to be seen. States need to acknowledge that, by ratifying this Convention, they promise to guarantee these rights as minimum standards. --~--~~~----------------- Vol. 10 No.4 3 1-1 B R I E F The first International Seminar of Indigenous Indigenous people. Some of these demands include: 1) That Peoples of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana Indigenous peoples be respected as culturally distinct ethnic peoples with rights to self-determination and the right to define our own projects for our present and future life, 3) that the con­ regional seminar of Indigenous people from the border struction of military bases on Indigenous territory be stopped, areas of Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela took place from 5) that the government support projects developed by August 2 7 through August 30. The seminar was held by Indigenous peoples, such as Indigenous education, Indigenous Conselho Indigena de Roraima (CIR), in conjunction with the health, radio communications, transport and economic activi­ Consejo Nacional Indio de Venezuela (CONIVE) and the ties, 7) that the funding for large projects in our countries that Amerindian Peoples Association (APA) of Guyana in the Boa depend on international financing only be freed after Vista region of the northern Brazilian state of Roraima. Industry, Indigenous approval, 8) that a moratorium be called on new government and NGO representatives attended the seminar, mining concessions until national laws be reviewed and the along with about eighty
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