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•- 61 GEORGE C, T/B ' 5( 5-O< /. , B https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19650015410 2020-03-24T05:08:03+00:00Z •- 61 MDWG-63-2 April I, 1963 GEORGE C, A BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNING ASPECTS OF THE METEOROID HAZARD by The MSFC Meteoroid Damage Working Group GPO PRICE $ = 11 (THRU) / OTS PRICElS) $ (PA ESJ (CODE) I _A6A_R OR "rMx OR _.D NUMmlERI (CATEGORy) Hard copy (HC)_ T/b_' 5(_ 5-o< Microfiche (MF) /. _,_b MSFC . Form 454 ('Revlzed September 1961) I rJ_r MDWG-63-2 April i, 1963 A BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNING ASPECTS OF THE METEOROID HAZARD by The MSFC Meteoroid Damage Working Group John B. Gayle Engineering Materials Branch Propulsion & Vehicle Engineering Division, Chairman Charles C. Dalton Aerophysics & Astrophysics Branch, Aeroballistics Division Henry L. Martin Physics & Astrophysics Branch, Research Projects Division William D. Murphree Assistant to Director, Aeroballistics Division Charlotte F. Shenk Redstone Scientific Information Center (ex officio) Army Missile Command GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Huntsville, Alabama FOREWORD This bibliography, consisting of 876 entries, was compiled to present information on the physics of hypervelocity impact and the meteoroid hazard. Divided into nine general sections, it contains Surveys of Experimental Data, Vehicle Protection Analysis, Theoretical Studies (Hypervelocity Impact), Experimental Investigations, Experi- ments and Instrumentation, and Theoretical Studies (Meteoritics). An author index for Part A begins on page 143; the author index for Part B begins on page 283. Most of the references are fairly recent, having been published between January 1950 and October 1962. The entries were obtained from all knownsources, and the author, title, agency, periodical, and ASTIAnumbers (whenknown) are included. An abstract by the author is furnished where available, but in somecases the abstracts were prepaled by the Meteoroid DamageWorking Group. Neither the Marshall Space Flight Center Library nor the Redstone Scientific Information Center can furnish copies of the abstracted material for outside loan. It is therefore suggested that users requiring copies request them from the author, publisher, or other sources. iii TABLEOF CONTENTS Page PARTA FOREWORD........................................................ iii SECTIONI. SURVEYSOFTHEEXPERIMENTALDATA.................... i 3 SECTIONII. VEHICLEPROTECTIONANALYSIS........................ SECTIONIII. THEORETICALSTUDIES............................... 31 63 SECTIONIV. EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONS........................ SECTIONV. EXPERIMENTALFACILITIES ............................. 115 SECTIONVI. PROCEEDINGSOF SYMPOSIA............................ 139 SECTIONVII. AUTHORINDEX...................................... 143 PARTB SECTIONI. FLUXDETERMINATION.................................. 151 SECTIONII. EXPERIMENTSANDINSTRUMENTATION.................... 189 SECTIONIII. THEORETICALSTUDIES............................... 237 SECTIONIV. AUTHORINDEX....................................... 283 V A BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNING ASPECTS OF THE METEOROID HAZARD PART A SECTION I. SURVEYS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA i, PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF HIGH-SPEED IMPACT INFORMATION. REPORT FOR APRIL-SEPT_ER 1958 ON MATERIALS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION TECHNIQUES. Franken, Peter A. June 1959, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. WADC TR 58-577; ASTIA AD-216,029; Contract AF-33(616)4730. This report summarizes studies of high-speed impact now under- way. Experimental facilities for obtaining high velocities are considered, and advantages and disadvantages associated with the various propulsion systems are discussed. A separate classified table lists capabilities of existing propulsion systems. Methods of analyzing high-speed impact data are reviewed. REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF IIYPERVELOCITY IMPACT DATA. Bruce, Edgar P. January l, 1962, General Electric Co., Missile and Space Vehicles Dept., Philadelphia, Pa. MSVD TIS Series No. 62SDI02; Contract AF-04(647)269. A thorough review has been made of existing experimental data applicable to the impact of high velocity projectiles with semi- infinite metal targets. Empirical equations relating depth of penetration and crater volume to properties of the projectile and target have been derived based upon the assumptions that: l) projectile shape does not affect crater shape for pro- jectiles which range from spheres to cylinders up to one caliber in length, and 2) craters are hemispherical. Both of these assumptions are supported by the available data. Additional data and/or a rigorous theoretical treatment of the problem are required to evaluate the utility of the equations at higher impact velocities. SURVEY OF HIGH PRESSURE EFFECTS OF SOLIDS. De Vries, K. L., G. S. Baker and P. Gibbs. October 1960, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. WADC TR 59-341; Contract AF-35(616)5016, Project 7021. This report contains a summary of all "known" high pressure work done on solids since 1947 with selected reference to work on liquids and gases. The data are presented in the form of 40 tables and more than 500 figures. Some 250 references have been summarized. Descriptions are given of apparatus, procedures, and results. SURVEY OF HYPERVELOCITY _IPACT INFO_TION. Herrmann, Walter and Arfon H. Jones. September 1961 and Addendum, October 1961, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aeroelastic and Structures Research Lab., Cambridge. ASRL Report No. 91-i and Addendum i, ASTIA AD-267,289 and ASTIA AD-267,290; Contract AF-19(604)7400. Information relating to cratering and penetration in metallic targets has been gathered. Impact of compact particles, micro- particles, and rods at normal and oblique incidence on quasi- infinite targets and on thin targets, multiple spaced targets, and shielded targets is considered. Experimental data are presented in tabular and graphical form for ready reference. .Available theories and semi-empirical theories, as well as empirical correlation equations, are summarized and compared with each other and with the experimental data. For normal impact on quasi-infinite targets, two empirical correlation expressions are deduced which are more generally applicable than previous expressions. A qualitative description of the cratering process is given, aETd realistic regions of impact are defined. Recormnendations for future experi- mental and theoretical work are made. 3 SECTIONII. VEHICLEPROTECTIONANALYSES 1 ANALYSIS OF SOLID PARTICLES IN SPACE. PART I. PROBABILITY OF A HIT AND DAMAGE TO EXPLORER I AND EXPLORER III SATELLITES. Jonah, Fred C. September 23, 1959, Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc., Dallas, Tex. Report EGR-12529. This memo has been prepared to review the present state of our knowledge about the amount of the debris in that region of space where our first manned satellites and space laboratories will orbit. A number of areas of doubt are studied, and a new theory for analysis of surface penetration is presented in preliminary form. ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES. Opik, Ernst J. In The Irish Astronomical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 7/8, Sept-Dec 1957. Meteors are discussed with the probability of puncture; data are presented throughout the discussion. BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENTS. Jaffe, Leonard D. and J. B. Rittenhouse. November I, 1961, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. JPL TR 32-150; ASTIA AD-266,584; Contract NASW-6. The quantitative effects of the environments encountered in various regions of space upon several kinds of engineering materials are discussed. The particles of the earth's radiation belts will cause radiation damage to organics and to optical properties of inorganic insulators. Semi-conductors will be damaged in the inner belt; their more sensitive properties will also be affected by solar flare emissions. Erosion by meteoroids is significant only close to the earth. The probability of penetration by meteoroids falls sharply with increasing distance from earth. Much more frequent than penetration is spalling of fragments from the inside walls struck by meteoroids. The efficiency of walls in preventing penetration and spalling can be increased by splitting the walls into a thin front plate and a thicker main plate; quantitative bases for the design of such space armor are presented. 4 So A COMPARISON OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF SATELLITES CAUSED BY METEORIC IMPACT AND BY RADIATION PRESSURE. Holl, Herbert B. January 5, 1961, NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Report No. MSFC-MTP-AERO-61-5. This report offers a comparison between the distance traveled by typical satellites under meteoric impact and under the effect of solar radiation pressure. No other forces are considered. A statistical distribution of the mass and frequency distribution of meteorites was prepared with due regard to already existing esti- mates. It was found that the effect of the solar radiation out- weighs that of the meteoric impacts by several orders of magnitude. 0 CONFERENCE ON THE METEOROID HAZARD TO SPACE POWER PLANTS. Held in Washington, D. C., December I and 2, 1959. Anderson, G. M. and A. P. Fraas. This conference reviews the probability of a surface in near orbit being hit and penetrated by a meteoroid. Whipple's data has been used for calculating meteor flux. Bjork's equations for estimating the penetration of a surface by a meteoroid, as well as an energy equation, have been employed. The Poisson frequency distribution function has been applied in estimating probability distribution of meteoroids in space. The effects of bumpers on penetration and recommended procedure for radiator design were among
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