Archives ACT Finding Aid MINISTRY QF POST WAR PECONSTRUCTION .

REG I ONAL t LANNI NG DI VISION .

PRELIMINARY REP ORT

ON A

PLAN FOR THE DEVEL OPMENT OF THE AUSTRJL IAN CAPITAL TERRITQ.!l1

AND JERVIS BAY I N REL AT I ON TO THE SURROUNDING REGION.

December, 1942' . Archives ACT Finding Aid CONTENTS .

1. Introductory.

2. Resources of r egion.

3. Present uses of r esources and future development of region.

4. Region treat ed as a ma jor zone of decentr alisation.

5. Australian Capital Territory its future development.

6. Jervis Bay (a) as a port; (b) as a naval base ; (c) as a flying boat or seaplane base .

7. Communic ation between Yass , A.C.T. and J ervis Bay (a) between Yas8 and ; (b) between Canberra end J e r vis Bay.

8. Summary.

9. Recommend ations.

APPENDICES.

I. Extract from Seat of Gove rnment Acc ept ance Act, 1909, first schedule, clauses 6 to 9.

II. Extract from Seat of Government Acceptance Act, 1909, first schedul e , clause 10.

III. Table of r ailway mileages Ya ss, Canberra , J ervis Bay.

LIST OF MAPS .

1. South-eastern showing ar eas s erved . by J ervis Bay as a port.

2 . Australian Capital Territory and co-development r egion Proposed r a ilway Yass , Canberra and J ervis Bay.

3. Australian Ca~ital Te rritory and co-devCbpme nt r egion I Po~~l a tion distribution, and N. S.W. r egional bound aries.

4. Australian Capital Territory and co-development r egion Land Utilisation.

5. Australian Cap ital Terri tory and co-'d evelopment r egion Electrici ty, production and distribution.

al

Capit y as wa il t a a r lth en , rr t a r stralian rnm in u nwoae po of n Canbe r o of e e A o i Gov j th th on ion Commo eg f , of a r This ct e m tion of a e o an th a of y e ased e d b Seat as s a by largo hol nb n e nei It m o constru a populr . ea g i nd th a e w u il a Bay ou Q a in eg s th rtlon. r e r The in i for lb b and po a .T. Me es es by t . e C l that a r . for Jerv nd and h a of A a Wa nt g .. uld es randera, in o of miles sta wo ded comprisons r i nd goode mil Introductory.eus port.th i seaboard i . SouthNa e ov ent eg , e a of mdn r as r r assum studiesnucl and p pm the C.T equid aug sqUal"e . New ne g the squa e s of e r port. ry Bay ss a elo to M n a th a v e A of ou i a s Y e Coast lin passage d rts th, s lb j st s as Bay let n a 4. a ly " 38,000po Me ee fic limin ut of Cootamundra f 19,000 ef e e ed Jerviween the o by he fr eas r r t of Southegio or t ~ of a Pr e rvis the r e .. Bay . nd b e nd ct ed t bri . T J a e ea nd n to th e ea from lmost side r by a a r Vi . C e a a opment . fin th a rvis a dir - l o e to e no con tr and n r Sydney l J e e A s ~'alesa e a a Goulburn, r a r dustries - e en 1909,r rvBt Lachl Yass n d r e e a th betweene l ry c rr h deveon - e in untry mainly 1. o , mo se M d ee dised us passing pr l l e n b r l co Wa a wit and ith itiond a es South Act th wns e barri n e rritona Canbe and a a ul lying to rcine s e i to r has standardised add ses, ke lop zing th T ide osentth no wo defined ncludes r e eg New i and standa ri i r a South r ov Walespr w Now ea nd t bro e s g of typ nd ween r ing r a a s princip l a by t p t d w , a been r ch New coast a e a rr not comp plainsnd summe il be -rumbidgeer fi a l 8510 llo e ems 70,000 gion. n the whi gentd e so t r, Accep"\anceuld South o r t e n the r e - linkTablelandsMur f have presents s R on e rough, f an o ion. wo l 000, Temo aboveCanbe we of i r o i ed ossas, d , n e sy egio on e a r eg coasn riv NEi rn e ry s of eg r of ands inl typica r Aboutis r a in. th on r whe l gat e a e 2C rra, Th via wo i s e e al e n as egio way t e e of hes th r rr th b r th elt bl the th awa Junee, ailways il e th nge b a irri t e Snowy Southe Bay boundaa country inc f on nd th f ri a to gene o e a gation Ill cludes n r opulat sourc o f f t l 0 ange 40%. nd l a em n r n e o a s ith slice4 r l a th in a R by r d w a de rvis ri st l p - g of s a both Shoalhave irri Young, e wee a ically, lt ea i? m of e J sy t n e l rs l Eachr r r e o urces astal b e 30 rth n a e o a e b aph owed pasto the f Victo co l a ea th s ~ Victori iti eso d ich riv ntativeom princ bee nti e n. quantitiest from int r n r dividin n a o nes r e iogred fol by a wh n f t of i o iHd the add s r a ese e ee ow s ti f th n l l liability b botha m Clyde the n The te e a pr es th e br have . divideda Phy u ry, r and e r thr su includheadwaters Maj If w th ach r ri d the Coal e L a of e ys y e rtion Gold derable ves t b est ltu ng a v r e ry e popul i and r u ith i e age The e th po is rn w ell and m r v Th t d. w for r th ll urv , a ge ese Ab~ e ricu East s e . cons r r . r a fa thus fa ave r in and Fl eld a 2 e nd ils ag nd a developmenteased ed i l from , a t a in s Southe ll , so y a is a an bas in e est e r podsols,soil past alf e of r a ng t t. ine. as bl incr rict in' o t Vlest i of rtl whe e giona ge b a e a co th e f a ric ~onsid y a ridity.t, t e l r r t p The wes vlith a a r p e rt est th - ports. th , to ir to bidgee u r to bl e s wes e Geo gee Cap obtained da is . I eq nd ppo e In onlye apa nd gion. g th in d th a u r , c wooda e e devoidd . a to a ke a e rd r seen n urrumin n f a consid a R wheatof a i monthst o inl L d s s nd e , r r No l e Th ha of c devotede M nat aphys e s e s of wood a b i r no eas e r urrumbidou id ng coast lds th he th e w urc a proximat i nt ttl e int , M r ple coast ill a dom w e . bl B r. s e c fi inc has r rive a nd eso e i m eas the w topog a ls sourcand the a r country. t, i e om e a lopm It ll 15 cap l Riv r to e a so of a fr ion a incr v r r e ity r Wales e wesegion r e illy eg sheep,in r esentee a h r ose th D . r coastal ric in ces and l p ll wate half m e ined c ou e 4 on a es ur S i m e highlandsas r ect th The s l ying,n Th e The obta eso map r a ppe ourc- Shoalhaven r pines New Futur n the u o o xp es r . t standse nd dai e Clydee r of a been es r th th l hyd through pper r e or u es f Al fo ion sho,mviz: nd ed e worked off a r have timb urc th e is oom ot Th ht ed, r n n nt g n o e nt s gold l u Reso i scatte k is p:j.antatca f el of ese e o ee by satior r r xc C ich ep fish Use r The wh e e r e . utilie a nt r ansion th on e i . xp r ese s a e of eg r Pr Land The s 2510 i th egetables industriev y 3. r nd a ma ri p fruit

Archivesdi ACT Fin ng Aid

1

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produc ~ io3 except rit e . Dair ying could be extended nlong tho const. The t ablelands and slopes could be developed most, subject to the limitations of sou. conservntion. Rice growing has bec,n a hi ghly successful ( , Archivesirrigat ACTion tr op . Dep ending on market pr ospects, citrus gr owing could be Findingexpanded Aid. Metal mining and coal mlnlng ar e not important. At Bungo nia near Goulburn t he r e is " l arge deposit of limest one which i s used in steel making.

The pr esent devel opment of powe r r esource s is shown on map 5 whit h shows eloctric powe r stati ons'and supply lines . Burrinjuck i s a hydro- elettric stati on. Canberra and Ye.nco ar e steam gene r ating s" ati ons of over 3,000 KY' . The proposed Snowy river hyd r o- electr ic sch6me develops 250,0/ 0 K1I1, t he Shaolhe.ven scheme 50,000 KW, and both would be t i ed in with the exi sting Burrinjuck - Por t Kembla - Sydney gr id. The principal towns of the r egion, Canberra, Goulburn, Queanbeyan, Wagg£: , Junee, Cootamundr a , Yass and Young ar e connect ed by trc. nsmiss i on l ines of not less than 33 , 000KV' capacity. Th E, prospects of cheap powe r ar e £:s good as anywher e else on the Australian me. inland • This points tho way to e'St ensive development of seconde.ry industries t hr oughout tho are"' .

4 . Region t r eat ed a s a ma.jor ,..one of decentr alisation.

The sise of the thr ee towns, Canberra , Goulburn and Wagga the availability of el ectric powe r and of a wide d iver sity of r aw mater i als coupled with the development of Jervis Bay as ~ por t with adequat e r a ilway cOllllllunicati on with the i nte rior in a cc or dance with original intention at f eder ation, ",ould enable this r egion t o be tre ~ t ed as a major zone of decentr alisati on . An employment analysis of a typical dist rict of the r egi on is compar ed with that of a par tially industrialised country town such as Geelong, Victoria, viz: Countrv town of 50 , 000

For estry, mining , etc. 2 Far ming .. ·. ·. 39 2 I ndustrial "-9 43 Transport • • • · • • • • 6 8 Bus i ness , pr ofeSSi ona.l, per sonal Se rvice ·. ·. 23 30 Pensioners and others •• .. ·. 11 17 --- Total breadwinners .. .. 100% UO% --- It will be seen that ther e · i s considerable scope for expansion of secondary industr i e s . In add ition, it is consider ed desirable to concentr at e our limitod capital r esouroes and choose one of the thr ee t owns as suitable for expansi on up t o an optimum sizo of say 150 ,000 . Ther e is an obvi ous need for a l argo pr ovincial city between Melbourne and Sydney . The logical choice wculd be Canberra whe r e the nation has already incurred a l ar ge expe nd iture in mak ing full prepar ation f or a l a r ge city and Vl hic h can expand fully at a m i~ imum of expense .

Australi an Capital Te rritorv : its future devel opme nt.

The futuro devel opment of the A. C. T. is then enyisap;ed with Canberra fulfilling t he following 'functions : -

(1) Nat i onal t apital, administr ative centre , sit e of nati onal univer sity and Institutes of Social Sci ence and Med icine .

(2) Comme r c i al and distributing centre a s an inte rmediar y bet wee n the "hinter land " of the r egion and the por t ..J orvis Bay .

(3) Sub-regional centre f or A. C. T. - 3 -

,( 4) Area for developmntoi' solection socondnry industries based on products of r egion. Archives ACT (5) ';Area for promotion of agriculture sufficient to provide fresh food Finding Aidtor the city.

(6) He alth, recroation nnd tourist resort.

As a capital city and administrative centre only, Canberra could not cnter for the needs of the whole of the population. Those not desirous of undertaking administrntive work ",ould be olliged to leave the territory in order to engage in s e conda ry industry or other occupations. By fostering sele cted industries in the A.C.T. a greater measure of stability could be achieved. Secondary industries set up Vlould have the advantage of ' a close intGrral narkot and a port for export. The existing Canberra electric generating station lin1i:ed in with the Burrinjuck - Port Kembla grid and any proposed stations at Snowy or Shoalhaven rivers would provide adequate cheap power. The presence of extensive forests suggests the establishment of' a paper industry, Other industries that would be considered would be optics, printing, ceramics, furniture making and building materials sup?ly, but perhaps the first likely to be established ;70uld be those comprising the processing of the rural products, the r egi on such as the milling of flour and other cereal products, the slaughter of animals and derivative industries such a s meat canning and the leather industry, fruit and vegetable canning, wool scouring, spinning and vreaving, manufacture of' dairy products and bacon curing. A closer analysis of the r egion would enable a careful selection of' desirable industries to be made. With the promotion of horticulture and production of' fresh f'ood for local consumption in the A. C. T. would be given a balanced diversified economy enabling Canbel'ra t o become a modern city com­ pletely adapted to and integrat ed with the region of winch it is a centre.

6. JERVIS BAY.

In accordance with the Commonwealth constitution, Acts passed in 1909 and 1915 transferred 28 square miles of' land and Hater at Jervis Bay from to the Common';18alth to provide f'or a future f'edGral " port. In 1912, the Royal Australlan Nava l College was located at Jervis Bay and a group of luildings constructed. Subsequently, a break:cvater, power house , workshops and other works were added. The Naval College was transf'el'red to Flinders Naval Base, Victoria in 1930. The buildings were then leased as seaside accon1110dation houses and an attempt yras made to develop Jervis Bay as a tourist r esort f'or which it is ..rell sui ted.

(a) As a Port:

Jervis Bay is 82 Miles south of' Sydney and is at present classed as an intermediate port. The bay is extensive with a good inlet. The depth over the port is 120 feet illld inside there are good anchorages of over 30 f eet at low ,rat er covering e.bout 35 square miles. The vrestern side of the bay is exposed to heavy south easterly weather.

There ai'e three wharf's or jetties. The Naval College jetty has a depth of water of 13 f eet and is protected 'by a s'lort break,'rater. It is 200 feet long with no f'acilities. At Huskisson there is a small jetty with 9 f eet of' water and a boat anchorage in the estuary of the Currambene Creek. The lighhouse jetty is about 240 feet long with 10 feet depth of water and oan accommodate vessels up to 80 tons.

(b) As a Naval Base:

With the removal 'of the Naval College and the building of' the graving dock '.at Sydney, Jerv'is Bay does not appear to have any future as a naval base until further developed.

East of Lake Windermere, the Royal Navy are at present operating on an air strip of limited length. - 4 -

(c) As a Flying Boat or Seaplane Base :

Archives ACT s t. George's Basin is a l CJ1dlocked basin with a narrow cho.nnel 'GO the sea kno-.m as Sussex Inlet. The t idal rise and fall within the basin Findingis l ess Aid than s i x inches. Average deyth is about 30 f eet. Runs of four miles in t wo directions at right angles are availabl e. On the nor th s i de, o.n R.A.A . F. torpedo-bombing base with shi pways, mOliJrings. hangar, t armac and complete signalling installations h as been est ablishing during the war. The absence of fog 8nd n earby high ground make St. George 's Basin an almost perfect flying boat base. The south east qun.rter only of the mar gin of the basin is Oonnnonwealth Terri tory.

Sussex Inlet is a narrow chnnnel with a s and bar at its mouth which continually shifts vlith \7ind , tide and curc'ent. j, t l ow tide depth of ,mter is 18 inches. At high tide, a 60 feet boat can pass through. Tidal current i n channel is about :s miles per h our. Depth of channt;!. is abcut five feet. Dredging and widening of the inle t and t raining walls or breakwat er s to eliminat e the b= would be ver y c ostly so t hat t he Basin has no possibiliti es as an alternative p ort even for coastal steruner s.

7. COMMUNIOP.T ION BETVIEEN YASS , A. O. T. AND JERVIS BAY:

(a) Between Ya ss and Oo.nber ra:

Railway communication between Yass e.nd Canbel'ra is very cir ouitous. By r a il the dist o.nce is 122 miles, but, by ,',ni n road, only 40 iniles. The differenoe in travelling time i s 3} hours. The Seat of Government Aoceptnnce Act 1909, clause 9 (see Appendix I ) p rovides for a r a ilway bet'leen Yass and Co.nberra. A permanent survey has been made by the New South "Iales r ail way depart ment of a r oute which gener ally follows the ali gmnent of the Yass-IJo.nberrn main road.

(b) Bet ween Oanberra nnd Jervis Bay:

The existing cOllBDunication between Canberra and J er vis Bay is ver y roundabout. The r ail journe y is via Goulburn, j.'coss Va le, Uanderra and to Bomaderr y, thence 22 miles by rood. Tot al distance by r ail is 194 miles. The most dirGot through main road conneotion is vi a Braidwood and Nerriga, a distance of 145 miles. Direct comnunication is provided for in the Seat of Govermnent Acoeptnnoe Act 1909 (see Appendix I). I n 1 909, a tria l survey WU3 made for the Commonwealth of pr actical route between Tarago On the Goulburn-IJooma line o.nd J ervis Bay. This i s the most direct route and crosses the Shoalhaven upstream from t he proposed dD.m sit e. The crossing could r eadily be made at the dam site and save the cost of bridging. Alternative r out es between Canberra 3Ild Jervis Bay ha.ve been consider ed. A shorter connection bet-leon a p oint 20 miles east of Goulburn on the Sydney- Albury line and Jervis Bay traverses pr ecipitous country and is impracticable. Routes south of the direct route via Br a idWood ar e l onger and do not pass thr ough better country f or develOpment. The opening of a ma in road from Doughboy to Oharleyong wo uld give a f air ly direct road f rom Oanberra to J ervis Bay.

The building of r ailways connect ing Yass and Jervis Bay directly to Canberra wo uld provide a main trunk line t o J ervis Bay as a port. Appr oximat e mileages given in App endix III shoVl that from Yass Junction t o Sydney is 195 mile s but t o J er vi s Bay is only 165 miles, 30 miles nearer. The area s erved. by J ervis Be.y as a port has been defined On the basis of these distances.

8. SUMMARY.

Based on ,Oanberra as r egional centre and J ervis Bay a s p ort, it is proposed t o investigat e the development ,of a r egion comprising the Australian Capital Ter,-'itory, J ervis Bay and t he Southern Tablelands r egion, Monaro and South Coast r egi on and portion of I llawarra , Murrumbidgee and Laohlan r egions of New South Wal es. Jln important f eature of the r egion is that it embr aces the headwaters of the Lachlan, Murr umbidgee, Shoalhaven and Snowy Ri vers. -

- 5 - The hydro -el ect r ic p otentin.lities of the Snowy, Shonlhaven and Luchlc.n Rivers, together with tile existing southern e lec t ~i c grid based on Bur~injuck and the sterun genero.ting stations at Conberra and Port Kambla, ,muld give the Archivesr egion ACT anc.£\ bunaance of cheap power. Wi th this cheap po"er, the wi de variety Findingof natural Aid products availabl e in t he r egi on gives enonnous scope for the devel~pment of seoondary industries. The r egion t hus l ends itself DB a major zone of decelll±rnlizo.tion bet ween Sydney and Melbourne wit h devel~pment concentrated on Canberra where the Commom7e8~th Goverrunent ha s already incurred a large expenditure in l a ying the foundations of' a I D.rge city and has legally provided for its development end expansi on ,,-lith Jervis Bay as its port.

9. RECO ; ~IIENDATION.

It is r ecommended that a compr ehensive survey of the resources of the Aus tra linn Capital Territory, Jervis Ba.y and the South Tablelands, Monaro and Sout h Coast, Illa·.varra , Mu.."'l'umbidgee and Lachlan r egions of New South Uales be made and a compl et e plan of development by s t ages be pr~pared in colla~or at ion with appropriat e Commonwealth and New South l~ale s Govenl.'llent Departments. A?PENDIX I.

Extro.ct from Seat of Government Acceptanoe Act, 1909, f irst Archives ACT schedule, clauses 6 to 9. Finding Aid ~ "ll'or the p urpose of providing o.ccess to and from the Terri tory from and to the seo., the Sto.te shall grant to the Commonwealth ~

( 0.) the right to construot, maintain, and work a r ailway or other meons of communico.tion from the Terri tory t o Jervis Bay and to procure in N"", South \Vales timber ballast 8l1d other material necessary f or such oontruction by paying such compensation in o.ccordance with the laws of the State as is payabl e by the Stat e .-men constructing Stat e r a ilways; and

(b) the right on t erms to be agr eed upon, or in default of agreement to be determined by 8xbitro.tion, to cross ove r or under, by road or railway, aJ1d St ate Rail Hay, and to connect with 8l1d run tra ins ove r any portion of a St a t e raihro.y.

7. The State shall not cla im compensation from the Commonwealth for the value of any right, title, or interest of the state in land of the Sto.te r e quired by the Commonwealth for the p urpose of the railway constructed by the Oommonwealth between the Territory and J ervis Bay.

8. The Commonwealth shall grant to the State on t erms to b e agreed upon, or in default of agr eement to be determined by arbitration , the right to cross over or under by road or r a ilway or to conneot with o~il run trains over .the r ailway const J.' ucted by the Commonwealth bet ween the Territory and Jervis Bay.

9. In the event of the Commonwealth construoting 0. r a il·clay wi thin the Territory to its northern boundary, the s t a t e shall construot a r o.il way from a point near Yass on the Grea t Southern Railway to join with the s aid r ail w&y, and the CommonYrealth and the state shall grant to each other suoh r eciprocal running rights as may be agreed upon, OJ:' as in defa ult of agreement mc-y be determined by arbitration, over suoh portions of that railway as arEi o-.med by each". APPENDIX II.

Extro.ct from Seat of Goverru:lent Acceptnnce Act, 1909, first schedule , Archives ACT olm..:se 10. • Finding Aid • "The St o.t e sho.ll grant to the CommonvreBJ.th

vrithout payment therefor e the right to use the yro.ters of the Snowy River,

and such other r ivcl's n.s mc.y be agr eed upon or in defa.ult of agreement mo.y

be det ermined by arbitration for the generation of el ect ricit y for the

purposes of t he Territory, and t o construct the uor ks necessary f or t hat

purpose, and to c onduc t t he electricity sO gener at ed to the Territory". APPENDIX III.

Table of Rail'i7cy Mileages Yo.ss - Ccmberra ' - J ervis Bo. y.

Archives ACT Miles. Finding AidYass to Ce:nberrc. (Permnnent s urve y) ...... 46:}

Oanberr£'. t o Btmgendore ...... 23 Btmgendore to COIilJ.'1lencemen t of J ervis Bo.y Survey••• ...... 9 Goulburn-Ganberra r o.ilwo.y to J ervis Bay ...... 89

Trial Survey via Charleyong ...... 167t

Yass to Canberra (Permanent surve}t) ...... • •• Oanberrr'. t<: Btmgendore ...... 23 Btmgendore to commencment of J ervis Bo.y survey ...... 11

Goulburn-Gan.erro. r o.ilway to Jervis Bay ...... ;, ... 81

Trial survey via Mayfi eld

Sydney ' )00 Yo.ss Jtmction 00 Yass Jtmction 195 Ya8s t mm 3 J ervis Bay 162

165

Sydney to Yass Junction 195

Yass Junction to J ervis Bay 165

Difference 30 miles = ------~--~~~------~------~-- 1 SOUTJi-~AST~RN AUSTRALIA SHOWING AREA SERVED 8Y JERVIS BAY AS A PORT

A _ THIS AREA IS DEFINED ASSUMING THAT VICTORIAN RAILWAYS ARE STANDARDIZED B _ THIS AREA WOULD BE SERVED BY JERVIS BAY PENDING STANDARDIZATION

100 75 S o is 0 So 100 ,So 1 ! , " , , , MILES

BRISBANE • QUEENSLAND I I .-,...... --.r ./ . I. ( I ------... ) I.------I. I,

I ~&~ I -p.' I \\",2> NSW I ~l S _A . I, I I. I, I,

PORT KEMBLA

. JERVIS BAY

. VICTORIA I I • MELBOURNE I, GEE LONG

N'lIN. P OIOoT · ..... AR. R £ CO" STR UCT I Oli 'R EG IO"AL PL... " .... ' __ c:; D''( N OV",..,e£ R. 1<:1145 DRAw .. !!IY H .W. ORO $£:R

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Archives ACT Finding Aid

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MAIN HIGHWAyS t.. HOADS

.: .. ' o HAlLWAY ::,TATIONS :::::. TOWN ::. .'. • l:';C' U N UARY A ,C ,T,

I.jOUN OARY DEVELOPME N f .{<' .,:. co REG tON .~.~: . USTRALIAN CAPITAL T~RR I TORY .::: ~~~. £. CO - D[Vt.LOPM~NT REGION .; .. :'(. ":: , ;~J> : ; 'z-J. Il ' ' .: .., a 11 1.. 3 6 48 I f t I ::::d ""-' ,. PROPOSED RAILWAY M I L~ ~ YASS - CANBERRA -JERVIS BAY '~,,~ ~, , . Archives ACT Finding Aid

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SARHAM

SCALE OF POPULATIO N

100 " .eQOMA 1,000 • , • MONARO &", AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY 10.000 t.. CO-DEVELOPMENT REGION SOUTH COAST • • e 100,000 so 2S 75 POPULATI~O~N~D~I~S~T~R~IB~U~T~IO~N " ""! & N.S.w. REGIONAL BOUNDARIES

MIN POs rWAM kECO ..... STRUCTI· REG ION""L. "'LANN.ING DIV NoVe .... BER 19 ... 5 OR.AWI'4. BY H W.GA.OSER

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Archives ACT Finding Aid