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Informe De Planarias Y Ascarias UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DE TACNA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL PLANARIAS Y ASCARIAS ALUMNA : Mariela Alejandra Cutipa Vargas CÓDIGO : 2013046501 ASIGNATURA : Zoología DOCENTE : MSc.Blgo.Mlgo.Richard Sabino Lazo Ramos CICLO : III TACNA – PERÚ 2014 CONTENIDO 0 1. PLANARIAS 1 Pseudobiceros gloriosus 2 Pseudoceros Dimidiatus 2 Pseudoceros ferrugineus 3 Pseudobiceros bifurcus 3 2. ASCARIAS 11 CONCLUSIONES 19 1. PLANARIAS INTRODUCCION: La Turbellaria (conocido también como planaria o gusano plano) es un animal bentónico, es decir, que vive en las profundidades. Particularmente se le puede clasificar como bentónico libre (puede vivir tanto en agua de mar o en agua dulce). Mide entre 1 a 60 centímetros de longitud. Su alimentación es de tipo carnívora o necrófaga. Su forma de desplazamiento es por medio de microvellosidades invisibles al ojo humano denominadas cilios. 1 1.1.CARACTERISTICAS (Moreno, 2014) Los turbelarios (Turbellaria), conocidos vulgarmente como planarias, son una clase del filo platelmintos ("gusanos planos") de vida libre y de pequeño tamaño. Acoela y Nemertodermatida, que habían sido considerados turbelarios, se clasifican actualmente en un filo separado (Acoelomorpha). La mayoría son organismos bentónicos, marinos o de agua dulce; otros han dejado este medio para adaptarse a terrenos húmedos. Su locomoción depende de cilios, y excavan activamente en busca de comida. La mayoría son carnívoros. La planarias Dugesia es un turbelario representativo. Existen unas 3000 especies; hermafroditas. Entre 5 y 55 mm de longitud; algunas especies tropicales alcanzan 50 cm. Coloración variable. Pseudoceros Pseudobiceros Dimidiatus gloriosus 2 Pseudobiceros bifurcus Pseudoceros ferrugineus Bipalium 1.2.PLANO DE SIMETRIA: FIG.1-PLANO DE SIMETRIA DE UNA TURBELLARIA 1.3.PARTES DE UNA TURBELLARIA : 3 FIG.2-PARTES DE UNA TURBELLARIA PARED DEL CUERPO: Epitelio: Carece de cutícula y es celular. Células epiteliales multiciliadas; las utilizan para la locomoción. Células glandulares: Productoras de mucus. Células con rabdites: Descargan en el agua mucus que rodea al cuerpo. Protección, acción tóxica y formación de quistes. En algunos aparecen nematocistos procedentes de sus presas. Células sensoriales. Plexo nervioso. Órganos adhesivos duo-glandulares: para la fijación en el sustrato. 4 Por debajo se sitúa la membrana basal. Musculatura: Tres capas, circular, longitudinal y diagonal. Parénquima: Es un sincitio en forma de red que tiene aspecto fibroso y que deja intersticios llenos de fluido. En él se encuentran amebocitos, células estrelladas, células con rabdites y células glandulares. FIG.3-PARED DE LA TURBELLARIAS TUBO DIGESTIVO: Con una única abertura (boca), situada en la mitad del cuerpo en posición ventral; se continúa con la faringe que desemboca en un intestino ciego y más o menos ramificado. ALIMENTACIÓN: Son depredadores de pequeños animales. 5 EXCRECIÓN Y OSMORREGULACIÓN: Presentan un aparato excretor protonefridialcon células flamígeras que funciona fundamentalmente como un sistema osmorregulador. La excreción es llevada a cabo, en parte, por difusión a través de la pared del cuerpo. RESPIRACIÓN: Se produce por difusión a través de la pared del cuerpo. TUBO DIGESTIVO: Con una única abertura (boca), situada en la mitad del cuerpo en posición ventral; se continúa con la faringe que desemboca en un intestino ciego y más o menos ramificado. ALIMENTACIÓN: Son depredadores de pequeños animales. EXCRECIÓN Y OSMORREGULACIÓN: Presentan un aparato excretor protonefridial con células flamígeras que funciona fundamentalmente como un sistema osmorregulador. La excreción es llevada a cabo, en parte, por difusión a través de la pared del cuerpo. RESPIRACIÓN: Se produce por difusión a través de la pared del cuerpo. 6 FIG.4-cortes sagitales semiesquematicos de dos turbelarios A. Platelmito dulceacuícola (macrostomum) B. Acelo marino (convoluta) según westblad. FIG.5-REPRODUCCION EN TURBELLARIAS 7 FIG.7 – Turbellaria morfología SISTEMA NERVIOSO ORTOGONAL: Como el descrito en las generalidades de 8 Platelmintos. Los más primitivos presentan un plexo nervioso parecido al de los Cnidarios. ÓRGANOS SENSORIALES: Ocelos: Sólo perciben diferencias entre luz y sombra. Estatocitos: Equilibrio. Similares a los de los hidrozoos. Células quimiorreceptoras. Células táctiles: Tangorreceptoras. Reorreceptores: Para percibir la circulación del agua. REPRODUCCIÓN: Sus ciclos vitales son sencillos. ASEXUAL: Por división transversal: Se constriñen y se dividen en dos partes; cada una de ellas regenera un ejemplar entero. Regeneración: Son capaces de regenerar partes perdidas. Cuando se regeneran a partir de una porción siempre conservan la polaridad. SEXUAL: Fecundación cruzada, interna; cópula a través del genital o por impregnación hipodérmica (el macho introduce el órgano copulatorio a través de la pared del cuerpo). 9 .
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