DOCSLIB.ORG

An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Social Reporting in Iran: Practices, Needs and Perceptions Ali Mohammad Yaftian University of Wollongong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Social Reporting in Iran: Practices, Needs and Perceptions Ali Mohammad Yaftian University of Wollongong University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2011 An empirical investigation of corporate social reporting in Iran: practices, needs and perceptions Ali Mohammad Yaftian University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Yaftian, Ali Mohammad, An empirical investigation of corporate social reporting in Iran: practices, needs and perceptions, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Wollongong. School of Accounting & Finance, University of Wollongong, 2011. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3239 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Social Reporting in Iran: Practices, Needs and Perceptions A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy From The University of Wollongong By Ali Mohammad Yaftian B.A Economics (Bus) UAT, Tehran, Iran MCom (Acc) UOW, Wollongong, Australia School of Accounting & Finance May 2011 Declaration I hereby certify that this thesis has not been submitted previously as part of the requirements of another degree and that it is the result of my own independent research. ---------------------------------------- Ali M Yaftian II Acknowledgments First of all, my thanks go to God who gave me the opportunity, strength and hope to complete this thesis. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr Kathie Cooper, for her guidance and support during completion of my PhD study. I am sincerely grateful for the time, effort and knowledge she has dedicated and the bright and optimistic nature that she has portrayed in pushing me ahead in this project. I feel that I was so privileged and fortunate to work under a supervisor of such fortitude, patience and devotion. Special thanks also extended to the many other people for their warm-hearted encouragement, help and advice during the last couple of years. In particular I am grateful to Professor Alan Farley and Dr Lalith Seelanatha for their most valuable statistical advice. Special mention must be made for Omid Shahani and Maryam Safari for their great help in the data collection and distribution of the questionnaire processes in Iran. My sincere appreciation goes to Ken Raff and Diana Crunden for their remarkable proofreading. I wish to express my very special gratitude to my mum, the late kind father, my brothers and sister. Mum, I specially thank you because whatever I am and have now is only the result of your sacrifices all along my whole life. Last, but not least, I would like thank to my family, my wife Soheila, sons Nima and Sina for their support and my lack of constant attention for a long time during the completion of this project. My success in this project was impossible without Soheila not only for her encouragement, support, and more importantly love but also for her contribution in this project as my second independent coder and her great professional advice on various issues of the research project. III Abstract A review of corporate social reporting (CSR) literature reveals that this area of accounting has been subject of various investigations in different countries particularly in developed countries. This study examines CSR practices in corporate annual reports and stakeholders’ CSR needs and perceptions in Iran. Two research methodologies have been used to collect and analyse the data. Content analysis was used to examine the extent of CSR disclosures and relationships between disclosure with four corporate characteristics, namely size, profitability, financial leverage and industry type. In this regard, a sample of 103 Iranian listed companies’ annual reports were selected and reviewed for their CSR disclosures (i.e. human resources, environmental performance and policies, community activities, energy consumption and customer satisfaction and product quality). A questionnaire survey was also conducted to collect data and to investigate stakeholders’ CSR information needs and perceptions. A sum of 333 respondents from six major stakeholder groups, namely academics, auditors, bank loan officers, business managers, stockbrokers and institutional investors participated in this survey. The results indicated that while all types of CSR information were reported by companies, it was also found human resources disclosure was the most common type of information in annual reports. The company size was the only characteristic that had a statistically significant relationship with the overall level of CSR disclosures. In further analyses by conducting multiple regression for each CSR theme individually, mixed results were found. IV In regard to stakeholders’ needs and perceptions, the results also indicated that annual reports were perceived as the main source of CSR information. Academics are shown to be the most interested group asking/expecting CSR information about or from companies. Environmental performance and policies information was ranked as the favourite type of CSR information to ask/expect about or from companies. Overall, the respondent groups believed that CSR information is insufficient. The mandatory CSR disclosures which were to be prepared according to the government guidelines was supported by the majority of respondents. V Table of Contents Declaration ................................................................................................................ II Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... III Abstract ................................................................................................................... IV Table of Contents .................................................................................................... VI List of Tables ........................................................................................................... IX List of Figures ......................................................................................................... XI List of Appendices ................................................................................................. XII List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................ XIII Chapter One ........................................................................................... Introduction 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Concept and Definition of Corporate Social Reporting ..................................... 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................... 9 1.4 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 11 1.5 Justification of the Study ....................................................................................... 12 1.6 Research Framework ............................................................................................ 14 1.7 Structure of the Thesis .......................................................................................... 15 Chapter Two .......................................... Corporate Reporting Environment in Iran 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Geography, Population and History of Iran ........................................................... 23 2.3 The Economy ........................................................................................................ 34 2.4 The Legal System ................................................................................................. 49 2.5 The Capital Market and Stock Exchange .............................................................. 59 2.6 The Accounting Profession and Accounting Standards in Iran ............................. 62 2.7 Summary ............................................................................................................... 70 VI Chapter Three ................................................................................ Literature Review 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 72 3.2 Brief History of Corporate Social Reporting .......................................................... 74 3.3 Empirical Evidence on the Extent of CSR Disclosures and Company Characteristics ...................................................................................... 76 3.4 Users’ Perception .................................................................................................. 88 3.5 Theoretical Perspectives ....................................................................................... 95 3.6. Summary ............................................................................................................ 101 Chapter Four ....................................................................... Research Methodology 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 102 4.2 Overview and Expectations ................................................................................. 103 4.3 Data Source I – Corporate Annual
Load more

Recommended publications
  • U.S.$ 7,000,000,000 Debt Issuance Programme
    INFORMATION MEMORANDUM HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (a public company incorporated with limited liability in Jersey with registered number 85600) as Issuer U.S.$ 7,000,000,000 DEBT ISSUANCE PROGRAMME On 16 November 2004 HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (the "Bank" or the "Issuer") established a Debt Issuance Programme which is described in this document (the "Programme") under which notes (the "Notes") may be issued by the Issuer. This document (the "Information Memorandum", which expression shall include this document as amended and supplemented from time to time and all information incorporated by reference herein) has been prepared for the purpose of providing disclosure information with regard to the Notes to be admitted to the Official List of the Irish Stock Exchange and trading on its Global Exchange Market. The Irish Stock Exchange's Global Exchange Market is not a regulated market for the purposes of Directive 2004/39/EC (the "Markets in Financial Instruments Directive"). This Information Memorandum constitutes listing particulars for the purposes of listing on the Irish Stock Exchange's Official List and trading on its Global Exchange Market. Investors should note that securities to be admitted to the Irish Stock Exchange's Official List and trading on its Global Exchange Market will, because of their nature, normally be bought and traded by a limited number of investors who are particularly knowledgeable in investment matters. In relation to any Notes, this Information Memorandum must be read as a whole and together also with the relevant pricing supplement (the "Pricing Supplement"). Any Notes issued under the Programme on or after the date of this Information Memorandum are issued subject to the provisions described herein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Perfin Foreign Bill Stamps of Great Britain
    THE PERFIN FOREIGN BILL STAMPS OF GREAT BRITAIN THE PERFIN FOREIGN BILL STAMPS OF GREAT BRITAIN By Jeff Turnbull THE PERFIN FOREIGN BILL STAMPS OF GREAT BRITAIN PART ONE FOREIGN BILL STAMPS © COPYRIGHT 2021 THE PERFIN FOREIGN BILL STAMPS OF GREAT BRITAIN DEDICATION This opening page is dedicated to the Late Mr. Kevin Parkhill of Rochdale, a keen Perfin Society member, who initiated this study of the perfined revenue stamps of Great Britain. I would not have been able to produce this catalogue without Kevin's notes, papers and correspondence from perfin collectors around the world. You all know who you are, so many thanks indeed for your information which has culminated in this first specialised edition of a GB Foreign Bill Perfin Revenue Catalogue. THE PERFIN FOREIGN BILL STAMPS INTRODUCTIONOF GREAT BRITAIN The following pages have been put together with the intention of helping the collector of perfinned revenue stamps, it is by no means complete, hopefully collectors who have additional information will let me know the details, and more pages will be made up as and when. As there is no present perfinned Revenue cataloguing system I am adopting a new system, using the letter followed by two numbers and two decimal places. A single letter "M" after the catalogue number indicates a Multi headed die. I.E. A 23.01. Where the perfin is already catalogued in the New Gault Illustrated perfin catalogue on postage stamps, then this catalogue number will also be alongside. At this moment in time only different Reigns will be used, with an accompanying list of stamps on which the perfin has been seen.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 Bank Pasargad
    Experience of Iran November in Islamic Banking 2019 1 In the name of God Experience of Iran in Islamic Banking 1. Preface During the past few decades Islamic banking has grown dramatically in the world and many non-Islamic countries have welcomed it as an alternative banking system working in parallel to conventional banking and have authorized establishment of Islamic banks in their territory or Islamic banking departments within conventional banks observing Islamic banking principles and guidelines. After the Iranian revolution, contrary to many Islamic countries which carry out both Islamic and conventional banking systems, such as GCC countries, as required by the Iranian constitution, all banks in Iran, both foreign and domestic, are obliged to exclusively observe and practice Islamic banking. Henceforth, there is no relationship or cooperation between conventional and Islamic banks in Iran. Notwithstanding, all Iranian banks are free to have correspondent banking relations with conventional international banks established outside of Iran. 2. Iran Banking System The history of banking commenced in Iran in year 1888 by the British when they established the Imperial Bank of Persia. Soon after, the Russians opened the Russian Loan and Development Bank. The first Iranian bank, Pahlavi Ghoshoon (today called Bank Sepah) was opened in year 1925. Bank Melli Iran (meaning the “National Bank of Iran” in Farsi) was established in year 1928 and functioned as both a commercial and a central bank during the period 1931- 1960. 2 In 1960, the Central Bank of Iran was established according to the Banking and Monetary Law, and accordingly Bank Melli Iran became merely a commercial bank.
    [Show full text]
  • HSBC in India HSBC's Origins in India Date Back to 1853, When The
    INTRODUCTION:- HSBC in India HSBC's origins in India date back to 1853, when the Mercantile Bank of India was established in Mumbai. The Bank has since, steadily grown in reach and service offerings, keeping pace with the evolving banking and financial needs of its customers. In India, the Bank offers a comprehensive suite of world-class products and services to its corporate and commercial banking clients as also to a fast growing personal banking customer base. Since our inception, we have entered new markets and launched innovative new products to help our clients seize investment opportunities around the world. Our origins The HSBC group was founded in Hong Kong in 1865 to finance trade between the China coast and Europe and the United States. Since then, the HSBC Group has expanded through both internal growth and acquisition. Members of the Group include HSBC Private Bank (UK) Limited (formerly Samuel Montagu & Co Limited), founded in 1853, HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt KG (1785), HSBC Guyerzeller Bank AG (1866), HSBC Bank USA (formerly Republic National Bank of New York) (1966) and Crédit Commercial de France (CCF, 1894). HSBC Private Bank (formerly HSBC (Republic) was established on 31 December 1999, when HSBC acquired Republic New York Corporation and Safra Republic Holdings, parent companies of Republic National Bank of New York. Founded in 1966 and built on a banking tradition established during the Ottoman Empire, Republic National Bank of New York specialized in private banking. Since then, our business has grown substantially, both organically and through acquisition. We are currently building a strong onshore business to complement our historical franchise.
    [Show full text]
  • International Banking for a New Century
    International Banking for a New Century This new textbook provides an up-to-date overview of international banking as the second decade of the twenty-first century unfolds. Integrating geo-economic, operational, institutional, and regulatory changes in the financial sector, the vol- ume’s methodology incorporates specific case studies and research, combining theory with practical examples to illustrate the impact and consequences of past and present financial crises. The volume considers the core aspects of international banking, including its structural and technical features, historical context, institutional evolution in core markets, and wholesale, retail, investment, and private banking. It uses specific examples from past and present literature, post-2008 case studies and histories, and research materials, offering a fully updated overview of how international banks respond to global crises, the origin, efficacy and evolution of financial markets, and the regulatory framework within which they function. One chapter is devoted to the evolution and potential of new markets, including the financial sectors of the BRICS and other emerging economies. Each chapter examines background, causes, impact, and resolution, focusing on specific cases and their broader implications for the sector. This textbook is a guide to the new, and at times uncharted, landscape to be navigated by large domestic, cross-regional, and global banks, and will be invaluable reading for students of finance, business, and economics, as well as for those in the financial sector. Irene Finel-Honigman is Adjunct Professor in banking and European economic history at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), USA. Fernando B. Sotelino is Adjunct Professor in banking and finance at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The HSBC Group a Brief History 6433 Brief History 2004 V2 4/2/04 4:13 Pm Page A2
    6433 Brief History 2004 v2 4/2/04 4:13 pm Page a1 The HSBC Group A brief history 6433 Brief History 2004 v2 4/2/04 4:13 pm Page a2 Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 2 The HSBC Group in the Asia-Pacific region 4 The HSBC Group in Europe 14 The HSBC Group in the Middle East 22 The HSBC Group in the Americas 26 The making of the modern HSBC Group 32 Principal members of the HSBC Group 36 Further reading 37 Cover: A detail of some of the images displayed on the HSBC History Wall at the Group Head Office in London. A major work of art designed and built by Thomas Heatherwick Studio, the History Wall comprises nearly 4,000 images relating to HSBC’s history around the world. Below, left: The HSBC History Wall seen from the main entrance of the Group Head Office in London. Centre: Postcard sent in 1903, showing the offices of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Hong Kong. Right: Advertisement promoting business accounts, issued by Midland Bank in 1968. 6433 Brief History 2004 v2 4/2/04 4:14 pm Page 1 1 Foreword The HSBC Group has a remarkable history in banking and financial services. That history has left its mark and helped to make us what we are today — one of the leading organisations in the modern financial world. HSBC’s pride in its history is not a matter of nostalgia. Our experiences have shaped the Group’s character and business approach. Our record of resilience, adaptability and innovation helps to explain why we have been able to succeed during times of rapid change.
    [Show full text]
  • P Market Achievements History
    In addition to its Middle Eastern network, PROMOTION the Bank has a branch in London, UK and HSBC also appreciates the value of a representative office in Tehran, Iran. Other sponsorship in building its brand. In the Middle group members in the region include HSBC East, it supports business conferences, and Financial Services (Middle East) Limited, HSBC sponsors or advertises at sporting events Insurance Brokers Limited, HSBC Bank Egypt such as the Dubai Sevens rugby tournament SAE., HSBC Investment Company (Egypt) and the world’s richest horse race, the Dubai SAE., HSBC Securities (Egypt) SAE., HSBC World Cup. Its continuing relationship with Middle East Finance Company and HSBC Bank Jaguar Formula One racing team may well take International Limited. a higher profile regionally from 2004 with the Bahrain Grand Prix. HSBC’s sponsorship of Tim PRODUCT Henman in regional ATP tournaments has also Services provided by HSBC’s local teams helped to bring the brand to new customer include personal, commercial, corporate, segments. investment and private banking; trade services; The advertising campaign launched with the MARKET products and services. But the cash management; treasury and capital markets re-branding in early 1999 featured strong visual HSBC offers a fascinating insight into the key, and perhaps the challenge, services; insurance (through HSBC Insurance images of internationally recognised symbols. difference a powerful brand can make to even is to make them feel that the Brokers Limited); consumer and business finance It positioned HSBC’s hexagon as a universal the largest of companies. Combined with the experience is the same whichever (through HSBC Middle East Finance Company icon for a bank and communicated HSBC’s growth of the financial services industry in way they do their banking, namely Limited); and securities and custody services.
    [Show full text]
  • Descolonizandodiscursocorrupc
    1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA FACULDADE DE GESTÃO E NEGÓCIOS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO ISABELLA CHAVES NASCIMENTO DESCOLONIZANDO O DISCURSO DA CORRUPÇÃO: uma análise do envolvimento do HSBC em corrupção transnacional UBERLÂNDIA 2018 ISABELLA CHAVES NASCIMENTO DESCOLONIZANDO O DISCURSO DA CORRUPÇÃO: uma análise do envolvimento do HSBC em corrupção transnacional Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Faculdade de Gestão e Negócios, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestra em Administração. Linha de pesquisa: Organização e Mudança Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Cintia Rodrigues de Oliveira Medeiros UBERLÂNDIA 2018 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema de Bibliotecas da UFU, MG, Brasil. N244d Nascimento, Isabella Chaves, 1977- 2018 Descolonizando o discurso da corrupção [recurso eletrônico] : uma análise do envolvimento do HSBC em corrupção transnacional / Isabella Chaves Nascimento. - 2018. Orientadora: Cíntia Rodrigues de Oliveira Medeiros. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Modo de acesso: Internet. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.1352 Inclui bibliografia. Inclui ilustrações. 1. Administração. 2. Corrupção. 3. Administração financeira. 4. Pós-colonialismo. 5. Impunidade. I. Medeiros, Cíntia Rodrigues de Oliveira. II. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Administração. III. Título. CDU: 658 Isabella de Brito Alves - CRB-6/3045 ISABELLA CHAVES NASCIMENTO DESCOLONIZANDO O DISCURSO DA CORRUPÇÃO: uma análise do envolvimento do HSBC em corrupção transnacional Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Faculdade de Gestão e Negócios, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestra em Administração.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Opium in Modern Iran, 1850-1955
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 The Most Sovereign of Masters: The History of Opium in Modern Iran, 1850-1955 Ram Baruch Regavim University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Economic History Commons, and the Islamic World and Near East History Commons Recommended Citation Regavim, Ram Baruch, "The Most Sovereign of Masters: The History of Opium in Modern Iran, 1850-1955" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 687. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/687 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/687 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Most Sovereign of Masters: The History of Opium in Modern Iran, 1850-1955 Abstract This study surveys a century of commercial opium production in Iran, from 1850 to 1955. From an insignificant contributor to the global opium market, Iran became within a few decades an important exporter, turning to the market between 5-10% of the entire global production of opium. Opium-poppy cultivation and opium production formed part of a larger process of transition within the agricultural sector to cash-crop production. Under the growing pressure of increasing imports of European manufactured goods and the collapse of the local manual industries, the production of cash-crops, and particularly opium, was intended to balance Iran's trade deficit. The combination of timely political changes in China, technological improvements in steamboat navigation and a high-quality product, enabled the successful integration of Iranian opium within the global opium market.
    [Show full text]
  • Intern Report Auto Saved) Hsbc
    Introduction Banks, in general, perform various functions which have vital impact in operational activities of the economy of a country. These are the crucial sectors which implicitly operate the most profitable sectors from which a country can get maximum return which in turn employed for the development of the country. This is the mechanism which ensures that the resources are directed to proper allocation and profitable sector. If the financial as well as the banking system of a country is weak then it influences the economy dangerously which in turn affects the growth of a country. So the performance of the banking market is very crucial for the ultimate development of a country. HSBC, one of the largest banking and financial services organizations in the world, has 10,000 offices in 88 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. The HSBC Group is named after its founding member, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was established in 1865 in Hong Kong and Shanghai to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. HSBC as a foreign bank, operating in Bangladesh from the year 1996, is improving greatly in the loan sections. Both of its corporate and consumer loan (My Loan) have become very popular for its effective policies. With 8 years of local experience backed by global expertise how well the HSBC is doing in Bangladesh through highly competitive market is a very strong question now. HSBC’s objectives are to provide innovative products supported by quality delivery of systems and excellence customer services, to train and motivate staffs and to exercise social responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • GEM Supplementary Listing Particulars Dated 27 June 2019
    SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING PARTICULARS DATED 27 JUNE 2019 HSBC Bank plc (a company incorporated with limited liability in England with registered number 14259) as Issuer HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (a company limited by shares incorporated in the Dubai International Financial Centre) as Issuer PROGRAMME FOR THE ISSUANCE OF NOTES AND WARRANTS This supplement (the "Supplement") to the offering memorandum dated 6 June 2019 relating to the Programme for the Issuance of Notes and Warrants (the "Offering Memorandum", which constitutes listing particulars for the purposes of listing ("Listing") on the Official List of the Irish Stock Exchange plc trading as Euronext Dublin ("Euronext Dublin") and trading on the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin and, for the avoidance of doubt, which does not constitute (i) a prospectus for the purposes of Part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) or (ii) a base prospectus for the purposes of Directive 2003/71/EC (as amended or superseded)), constitutes supplementary listing particulars (pursuant to rule 3.10 of the Global Exchange Market Listing and Admission to Trading – Rules) for the purposes of Listing. Terms defined in the Offering Memorandum have the same meaning when used in this Supplement. This Supplement is supplemental to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Offering Memorandum and any other supplements to the Offering Memorandum prepared by HSBC Bank plc ("HBEU") and HSBC Bank Middle East Limited ("HBME" and, together with HBEU, the "Issuers" and each an "Issuer"), each of which may, from time to time, issue Notes and Warrants under the Programme for the Issuance of Notes and Warrants previously established by HBEU (the "Programme").
    [Show full text]
  • MW August 2007WEB.Indd
    Editor’s page MONEYworks magazine P O Box 10656, Dubai, UAE One of the key developments for the geopolitics of our region Telephone: +971 4 391 2160, Fax: +971 4 391 2173 has been the positive engagement of Iran by the US through Email: [email protected] a process of dialogue for the first time in so many years. Published by Rasalmal Financial Publishing FZ-LLC Although no one expects sensational announcements to come A Dubai Media City Company Telephone: +971 4 391 2160, Fax: +971 4 391 2173 out of these dialogues immediately, there is now a sense of Email: [email protected] hope for many observers in the region. If things work out over Board of Directors Saud A. Al Amri - chairman a period of time, a dialogue between the US and Iran has the Abdulaziz Al Mashal potential to have a beneficial impact on Iraq and the overall Greg Hunt General Manager stability of the region. And this, in turn, translates to more Don Taylor confidence in the regional markets, increased investments Distribution Dar Al Hikma, Dubai, UAE, Tel: +971 4 266 7384 and prosperity. Jashanmal, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Tel: +971 2 673 2327 A significant development last month was Abu Dhabi’s rating being upgraded Printing Nabeel Printing Press, Ajman, UAE, Tel: +971 6 743 4445 to AA by Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, as well as the emirate’s plans for issuing Cover Image government bonds to serve a benchmark for the corporate bond sector in the Piksel country. When the bond issue happens, it will be a milestone for the UAE, as well Editor Utpal Bhattacharya as another big step towards creating transparency in the financial markets while Deputy Editor also creating the long-awaited yield curve.
    [Show full text]