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Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors. -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ...................................................................... -
080058-92.02.002.Pdf
'Jeqruq ',{ueq1y 'pusD{u"rd ,Isad sed,{1i(1runuruoc Jeqlo ss sB JoJ pqse^]sq pua {rsrruaq II I I[€^\ 'eprsaeo eq o1 ,(1e41 s4serc! (roloctsp^tp mdQocng) IuJa4 4ru"Jg ol JeuB€raql lsEe-qlnos-ls"e sJapuDerl 11e 'eepJ?I ',{ellBeq^{ sapnlcu! 1 esnecaq uorleSgsa,rur aaJs puB ol qlnos ol lsue'dnuuBN ot Jo Fl.qdBJSoeB erll sB ueJJ8^\ eql esoqc e/l\ lsorrrl€ r{uou anp spuoq l! eJaq,r Je^ry ,([auuoq aqt ol lculstpqns lBcruslog ut"ld Je^rU gocs egl do1 eq1 sso:cr '1sare1m Jo NRo-r{lnos-ls"e luraueSelour Jo eq oslr ueql 'ralry poo.r$lt?tg eq1 uo e8pug repusxelv ol ,{ru 1sq 1ua1dprru qJJBeseJcrlsuou Jo ,l\erleJ aqJ lsua-qlnos-g$os sun-r ifurprmoq prrvJu Jo rueqUou aql 'sn[L '(SS 'd 'uousrrrJoJr[ dn8uJlpl urorJ :OgOt preag) lueuoduoc cglualJs elqs[r8^? lseq luucgruErs € eq ol sesrea JoloJtslaqp e:eql\ eq1 q1m,(4snpw drqcpoo,{ aq1 eEeuuu pnB rolmour ? 'lueue8su"l u.{erp sr,{:epunoq ruaquou eql elq,t\ 'lse/rt pu qlnos IrlSru 11 leqf os I purl pu? uorts^lesuoC 'lseoc sgl ol "es aq1 .{q paprmoq sr lI qmos eqt uo Jo lueulredaq eqt ,{q pelJnpuoJ Bllerlsny {*qlv ot e8pJg alsqumlulq-urrnoe-I eqt uo dn?u1ge1 lsea-rllnos u1 luerua8yuvu lseJoJ Jo lcedur eq1 uo qcJBoser uo.5 u{ 0o€ re^o spuelxe lcFlslpgns uerr"d\ eql Jo ?rterler B ol uorpquluoa v sa ,{luzuud esoP s3^\ IroA\ eqJ qcJReseJamlry ro3 sequoud 'errqsadsred 'EcefoJd luuor8a.r e ur seulluepr puE rIcJBeseJ tuaJrnc ol sJeJeJ ur"{ ol pernJuoo queuodwoc esoql go 'BroU '(9961 lseloJ lueuecqd r"lncsBl u,llou{ eql 3o 1s1 e quaserd 11 s8q lculslPgns uerrB eloq^1 eql JoJ P€lqBua \ p-rceg rnras) lclrtspgns lBcruslog -
080057-14.002.Pdf
IBroUparequeusrp qser; Surceldopnlcur senbruqcel eseql sexeldruocserceds eyqerre,r dlpcrSoloce pue ,tllecrqderSoe?Jo uopnlosar oql pal€llllJpJ,{puer8 er'uq leueluru 3u1,rqur uorleue,ruoqelndod 'sueulceds Surluounropro; senbruqJel,trou unuzqreq;o uo!lBulruBXoIBuorlueAuoc ot uonrpppuI '!.ErJeJlsnv lsad\-qlnos Jo sprqcro,,sru^\oJg 'peuelsaJql ? uptuJJogJo uorlrpepuoces aqt ur posnsaureu tdrrcsnuutu elspJlel puu peJeprsuoJexsl IEJeAesequJsap IlrA\ solJes eqJ I6rI ut sprqrJouerleJlsnv uelsed\Jo suorlJelloc?qroauord,selzuel^I 'dno'tg ppqrqJrv Jo uo.rluJqalerFruueluaorq eql spJel\ol uo,rtnqlJluoca sr serJesaq; uorl€^rosuoJ pue ,{pnls prqcJo a^rleN ueJlellsnv ualso^d aql Jo sroquau ql!^\ uoueroqulloour pelrnpuoJ 'suorlelonbe^oqu aql ur ppre?z1rgpue puotuuruC dq ol pepnllBpuDI eqlJo sexelduoc selcedscrqdrorudlod pe,rloserun dlsnor,lerd ,{ueru e,ruq "rg'\ qcrq,r u:eue8peqle pue'lpwloaryor1 oruapolo) rJosesrcoJ lI sapmap o,r,r1lsud eql re,ro pelaldruocsarpnls d:nu€qJaq pup pleg alrsuelxeuo peseqsr seuoser{J 'uorSorsrql uror; eraue8o1 de1 'splqcro ^\eu u sello,tl sB uerTe4snvtuelse,r-qlnos;o ,{ruouoxdleql uo seuese ol uopcnporlullerouaE e sepr,rordreded sq1 'OOO) gZ-t:() y1o1s1tnp uJeuo?ol i(ol pup sldocuoccrurouoxel 'suorlrellos 'u^ 'reddog dpee;o ,{:o1sr111 :f?oloplqrro uellerlsnv uelseld ol suollnqrruoC d'V olg yq'g pBrtsqY (gggl)plure?4rg ,, fropu;spusaq 1r plo^uo1 elqlssod eq ll JJlouu€c solJedseuo repun seUorJBA tcupsrp fre,,r;o requnu lBer8 B apnlJur oL, (gg9 :9791)puouluruq .. perrpore {eql ueqnAecuera;;rp eql Folepo1 pelzznd 'elqruJecsrp -
Shire of Nannup
Roadside Vegetation and Conservation Values: Shire of Nannup Rare and Priority Flora such as the Scott River jug flower, pictured above, can be found along roadsides in the Shire of Nannup. Photography by S. D. Hopper. Photo used with the permission of the WA Herbarium, CALM (http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/help/photos#reuse). April 2005 Roadside Conservation Committee CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 PART A: OVERVIEW OF ROADSIDE CONSERVATION 2 1.0 Why is Roadside Vegetation Important? 3 2.0 What are the Threats? 4 2.1 Lack of awareness 4 2.2 Roadside clearing 4 2.3 Fire 5 2.4 Weeds 6 2.5 Phytophthora Dieback 8 3.0 Legislative Requirements 9 4.0 Special Environment Areas 10 5.0 Flora Roads 11 PART B: THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN NANNUP 12 1.0 Introduction 13 2.0 Flora 14 3.0 Declared Rare Flora (DRF) 14 4.0 Fauna 15 5.0 Remnant Vegetation Cover 17 PART C: ROADSIDE SURVEYS IN THE SHIRE OF NANNUP 19 1.0 Introduction 20 1.1 Methods 20 1.2 Mapping Roadside Conservation Values 21 1.3 Roadside Conservation Value Categories 21 2.0 Using the RCV MAP 23 3.0 Results 25 PART D: ROADSIDE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 28 1.0 Management Recommendations 29 2.0 Minimising Disturbance 30 3.0 Planning for Roadsides 31 4.0 Setting Objectives 31 REFERENCES 32 FIGURES Figure 1. Mean daily maximum and minimum temperature (oC) and rainfall (mm) in the Blackwood Region, based on climate averages from the Bridgetown weather station 009510. Figure 2. -
Alternative Translation Initiation Codons for the Plastid Maturase Matk: Unraveling the Pseudogene Misconception in the Orchidaceae Michelle M
Barthet et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:210 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0491-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Alternative translation initiation codons for the plastid maturase MatK: unraveling the pseudogene misconception in the Orchidaceae Michelle M. Barthet1,2* , Keenan Moukarzel3, Kayla N. Smith1, Jaimin Patel3 and Khidir W. Hilu3 Abstract Background: The plastid maturase MatK has been implicated as a possible model for the evolutionary “missing link” between prokaryotic and eukaryotic splicing machinery. This evolutionary implication has sparked investigations concerning the function of this unusual maturase. Intron targets of MatK activity suggest that this is an essential enzyme for plastid function. The matK gene, however, is described as a pseudogene in many photosynthetic orchid species due to presence of premature stop codons in translations, and its high rate of nucleotide and amino acid substitution. Results: Sequence analysis of the matK gene from orchids identified an out-of-frame alternative AUG initiation codon upstream from the consensus initiation codon used for translation in other angiosperms. We demonstrate translation from the alternative initiation codon generates a conserved MatK reading frame. We confirm that MatK protein is expressed and functions in sample orchids currently described as having a matK pseudogene using immunodetection and reverse-transcription methods. We demonstrate using phylogenetic analysis that this alternative initiation codon emerged de novo within the Orchidaceae, with several reversal events at the basal lineage and deep in orchid history. Conclusion: These findings suggest a novel evolutionary shift for expression of matK in the Orchidaceae and support the function of MatK as a group II intron maturase in the plastid genome of land plants including the orchids. -
The Flora and Vegetation of the Meelup Reserve System
The Flora and Vegetation of the Meelup reserve system. A report for the Meelup Park Management Committee Andrew Webb 2013 1 Contents: 1. Introduction 4 2. Geology 4 3. Environmental Setting 5 3.1. IBRA Regions 6 3.2. Soil Landscape Mapping 6 3.3. Vegetation Complexes 7 4. The Meelup Landscape 9 5. The Meelup Vegetation 10 5.1. Jarrah, Marri Forests 10 5.2. Jarrah, Marri Woodland 12 5.3. Banksia Woodland 12 5.4. Granitic Heath 13 5.5. Calothamnus graniticus Closed Heath 14 5.6. Granitic Apron 15 5.7. Creeklines 15 5.8. Coastal Vegetation 16 5.9. Floristic Diversity 17 6. Meelup Plant Communities 18 7. Significant Vegetation 19 8. Meelup Flora 22 9. Significant Flora 23 9.1. Threatened and Endemic Flora 24 9.2. Disjunct Populations 24 9.3. Habitat Specific Flora 26 10. Conclusion 26 11. References 29 2 Figures Figure 1: Landforms of the Busselton to Augusta area 5 Figure 2: Land systems of the Meelup Reserve 7 Tables Table 1: Vegetation Complexes of the Meelup Reserve 8 Table 2: Survey quadrats per vegetation assoCiation 17 Table 3: Keating & Trudgen Communities per vegetation association 19 Table 4: Keating & Trudgen Conservation Comments 20 Table 5: Comparison of flora diversity 22 Maps (map shapefiles on CD) Map 1: Meelup Reserves 32 Map 2: Vegetation Complexes of the Meelup Reserve 33 Map 3: Vegetation AssoCiations of the Meelup reserve 34 Photographs 35-38 Appendices Appendix 1: Table 1: Vegetation StruCtural DesCriptions 39 Table 2: Conservation Codes for WA flora 40 Appendix 2: Table 1: Meelup Reserve SpeCies List 41-62 Table 2: Meelup speCies list per Vegetation AssoCiation (on CD) -- Appendix 3: SignifiCant Flora of Meelup Reserve 63-73 Appendix 4: Keating & Trudgen plant Community map and desCriptions (on CD) -- Appendix 5: Survey Quadrat Datasheets (on CD) -- 3 1. -
Mycorrhizal Specificity in Endemic Western Australian Terrestrial Orchids (Tribe Diurideae): Implications for Conservation
Mycorrhizal specificity in endemic Western Australian terrestrial orchids (tribe Diurideae): Implications for conservation Penelope Sarah Hollick BSc (Hons) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2004 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Penelope Sarah Hollick Abstract The specificity of fungal isolates from endemic Western Australian orchid species and hybrids in the tribe Diurideae was investigated using symbiotic seed germination and analysis of the fungal DNA by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The distribution of the fungal isolates in the field was also assessed using two different seed baiting techniques. The information from these investigations is essential for developing protocols for reintroduction and translocation of orchid species. Two groups of orchids in the tribe Diurideae were studied. Firstly, a number of Caladenia species, their natural hybrids and close relatives from the southwest of Western Australia were selected because orchid species from the genus Caladenia are considered to have among the most specific mycorrhizal relationships known in the orchid family – an ideal situation for the investigation of mycorrhizal specificity. Secondly, species of Drakaea and close relatives, from the southwest of Western Australia and elsewhere in Australia, which are never common in nature and occur in highly specialised habitats, were selected to investigate the influence of habitat on specificity. Seed from the common species Caladenia arenicola germinated on fungal isolates from adult plants of both C. arenicola and its rare and endangered relative C. -
RON HEBERLE ORCHID PHOTOS Western Australia by Ron Heberle Greg Heberle Graham Bowden Tony Watkinson
RON HEBERLE ORCHID PHOTOS Western Australia By Ron Heberle Greg Heberle Graham Bowden Tony Watkinson 1 “Ron Heberle orchid photos Western Australia” by Ron Heberle, Greg Heberle, Graham Bowden, Tony Watkinson. Submitted to publisher May 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the copyright owner. © Greg Heberle, 2006 Published by Ocean Publishing Printed and bound in Western Australia ISBN X XXXXXX XX X 2 CONTENTS Cover photos: Top left to right: Diuris amplissima, Kojonup, Nov 1989 Thelymitra nuda, Mt Barker, Nov 1988 Caladenia flava Pink, Albany, Oct 1988 Bottom left to right: Possible hybrid Caladenia radialis x Caladenia roei, Wedin, Sep 1994 Pterostylis rufa, Murray Bridge, Sep 1994 Cyanicula gemmata, Mt Clarence, Albany, Oct 1988 Page Introduction 4 Ron Heberle by Graham Bowden 4 An afternoon with Ron Heberle. An interview by Tony Watkinson. 5 The passing of legends by Graham Bowden and Tony Watkinson 12 Caladenia (Spider orchids) 16 Calochilus (Beautiful lip or Beard orchids) 40 Corybas (Helmet orchids) 41 Cryptostylis (Slipper orchids) 42 Cyanicula (Blue orchids) 43 Cyrtostylis (Mosquito orchids) 45 Diuris (Donkey orchids) 47 Drakaea (Hammer orchids) 51 Drakonorchis (Dragon orchids) 53 Elythranthera (Enamel orchids) 54 Epiblema (Babe in a cradle orchids) 56 Eriochilus (Woolly lip or bunny orchids) 57 Gastrodia (Potato orchids) 58 Genoplesium -
South Coast, Western Australia
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Guide to Users Background What is the summary for and where does it come from? This summary has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. It highlights important elements of the biodiversity of the region in two ways: • Listing species which may be significant for management because they are found only in the region, mainly in the region, or they have a conservation status such as endangered or vulnerable. • Comparing the region to other parts of Australia in terms of the composition and distribution of its species, to suggest components of its biodiversity which may be nationally significant. The summary was produced using the Australian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. The list of families covered in ANHAT is shown in Appendix 1. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are are not not included included in the in the summary. • The data used for this summary come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. -
Haagii: Listed for Botanist and Naturalist, Friedrich Adolph Haage (1796-1866)
haagii: listed for botanist and naturalist, Friedrich Adolph Haage (1796-1866). ex Colombia, cf. Cycnoches haagii Barb.Rodr.1881. habbemae: of Habbema, see habbemense. cf. Phreatia habbemae J.J.Sm.1910. habbemense: from Lake Habbema, central Papua, Indon. cf. Bulbophyllum habbemense P.Royen 1979. Noted as endemic. Habenaria: Willd.1805: ref. habena: a strap; thong + see -are: like, etc. Ref. the long thin lobes of the labellum. ex China, eg. Habenaria oligoschista. habenaria: strap; thong + like. cf. Orchis habenaria L. syn. Habenaria quinqueseta var. macroceratitis. Habenarieae: Habenaria + suffix denotes it’s a tribe. Habenariinae: Habenaria + suffix denotes it’s a subtribe. habenarina: strap + see -are: relative to + see -ina: like, etc. Or, more likely, the raceme was likened to that of a Habenaria. cf. Liparis habenarina. Noted as endemic to Aust. habenarioidea: strap-like + resembling, or see Habenaria + resembles. cf. Orchis habenarioidea. Was listed as such, but may have been an error for Orchis habenarioides (?). syn. Gymnadenia orchidis. habenarioides: Habenaria + resembling. cf. Pterichis habenarioides. x Habenari-orchis: Rolfe. On the syn. list, cf. Habenaria x Orchis. Habenella: Small 1903: ref. habena: thong; strap + suffix: small. Ref. the slender labellum lobes. syn. Habenaria Willd. habenifera: strap + bearing. cf. Lepanthes habenifera. Habenorkis: Thouars 1809: strap + orchid. See expl. for Habenaria. syn. Habenaria. habenula: small strap. cf. Pleurothallis habenula. habit: ref. habitus: condition; disposition (of life). Usually refs. to a peculiarity, feature, or distinction of the species under discussion. habitat: for a plant’s natural home: how and where it grows. Often seen as a heading, in a discussion, or protologue, giving a separate listing and description of the plant’s natural environment and ecology. -
Discovery of Sexual Deception in Caladenia Abbreviata (Orchidaceae), a Species with Brightly Coloured Flowers and a Non-Insectiform Labellum
Breaking the rules: Discovery of sexual deception in Caladenia abbreviata (Orchidaceae), a species with brightly coloured flowers and a non-insectiform labellum Ryan D. Phillips1,2,3* & Rod Peakall1 5 1Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia 2Kings Park and Botanic Garden, The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, West Perth, 6005, Western Australia, Australia 10 3Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia *corresponding author: [email protected] Running head: sexual deception in Caladenia 15 Summary text for table of contents: Caladenia is unique among orchids in that it contains both species pollinated by food foraging insects, and species pollinated by sexual deception, providing the opportunity to investigate the evolution of sexual mimicry. Here we report a new case of pollination by sexual deception in the Caladenia filamentosa complex, a group 20 with brightly coloured, scented flowers previously thought to be pollinated by food deception. Our findings demonstrate that sexual deception can be achieved without dull coloured flowers and insectiform labella. 25 30 1 35 Abstract Caladenia is exceptional among orchid genera in that it contains both species pollinated by sexual deception and species pollinated by food-foraging insects. While pollination strategies have been elucidated in some species complexes, others groups have received limited 40 attention, hampering our ability to understand the evolution of the exceptional diversity of species and floral traits in Caladenia. Here we conducted the first detailed pollination study of a member of the Caladenia filamentosa complex. Based on the brightly coloured and scented flowers exhibited by many species, it has been assumed that most members of the group are food-deceptive.