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APPLICATION of the TAGUCHI METHOD to SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS of a MIDDLE- EAR FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL Li Qi1, Chadia S
APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A MIDDLE- EAR FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL Li Qi1, Chadia S. Mikhael1 and W. Robert J. Funnell1, 2 1 Department of BioMedical Engineering 2 Department of Otolaryngology McGill University Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4 ABSTRACT difference in the model output due to the change in the input variable is referred to as the sensitivity. The Sensitivity analysis of a model is the investigation relative importance of parameters is judged based on of how outputs vary with changes of input parameters, the magnitude of the calculated sensitivity. The OFAT in order to identify the relative importance of method does not, however, take into account the parameters and to help in optimization of the model. possibility of interactions among parameters. Such The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method has been interactions mean that the model sensitivity to one widely used for sensitivity analysis of middle-ear parameter can change depending on the values of models. The results of OFAT, however, are unreliable other parameters. if there are significant interactions among parameters. Alternatively, the full-factorial method permits the This paper incorporates the Taguchi method into the analysis of parameter interactions, but generally sensitivity analysis of a middle-ear finite-element requires a very large number of simulations. This can model. Two outputs, tympanic-membrane volume be impractical when individual simulations are time- displacement and stapes footplate displacement, are consuming. A more practical approach is the Taguchi measured. Nine input parameters and four possible method, which is commonly used in industry. It interactions are investigated for two model outputs. -
Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of Nox Emission Performance of a Low Nox Burner
Energies 2015, 8, 3606-3627; doi:10.3390/en8053606 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Article Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NOx Emission Performance of a Low NOx Burner Marcin Dutka 1,*, Mario Ditaranto 2,† and Terese Løvås 1,† 1 Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1b, Trondheim 7491, Norway; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 SINTEF Energy Research, Sem Sælands vei 11, Trondheim 7034, Norway; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-41174223. Academic Editor: Jinliang Yuan Received: 24 November 2014 / Accepted: 22 April 2015 / Published: 29 April 2015 Abstract: In this study, the influence of various factors on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of a low NOx burner is investigated using a central composite design (CCD) approach to an experimental matrix in order to show the applicability of design of experiments methodology to the combustion field. Four factors have been analyzed in terms of their impact on NOx formation: hydrogen fraction in the fuel (0%–15% mass fraction in hydrogen-enriched methane), amount of excess air (5%–30%), burner head position (20–25 mm from the burner throat) and secondary fuel fraction provided to the burner (0%–6%). The measurements were performed at a constant thermal load equal to 25 kW (calculated based on lower heating value). Response surface methodology and CCD were used to develop a second-degree polynomial regression model of the burner NOx emissions. -
Recommendations for Design Parameters for Central Composite Designs with Restricted Randomization
Recommendations for Design Parameters for Central Composite Designs with Restricted Randomization Li Wang Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics Geoff Vining, Chair Scott Kowalski, Co-Chair John P. Morgan Dan Spitzner Keying Ye August 15, 2006 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Response Surface Designs, Central Composite Design, Split-plot Designs, Rotatability, Orthogonal Blocking. Copyright 2006, Li Wang Recommendations for Design Parameters for Central Composite Designs with Restricted Randomization Li Wang ABSTRACT In response surface methodology, the central composite design is the most popular choice for fitting a second order model. The choice of the distance for the axial runs, α, in a central composite design is very crucial to the performance of the design. In the literature, there are plenty of discussions and recommendations for the choice of α, among which a rotatable α and an orthogonal blocking α receive the greatest attention. Box and Hunter (1957) discuss and calculate the values for α that achieve rotatability, which is a way to stabilize prediction variance of the design. They also give the values for α that make the design orthogonally blocked, where the estimates of the model coefficients remain the same even when the block effects are added to the model. In the last ten years, people have begun to realize the importance of a split-plot structure in industrial experiments. Constructing response surface designs with a split-plot structure is a hot research area now. In this dissertation, Box and Hunters’ choice of α for rotatablity and orthogonal blocking is extended to central composite designs with a split-plot structure. -
How Differences Between Online and Offline Interaction Influence Social
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Two social lives: How differences between online and offline interaction influence social outcomes 1 2 Alicea Lieberman and Juliana Schroeder For hundreds of thousands of years, humans only Facebook users,75% ofwhom report checking the platform communicated in person, but in just the past fifty years they daily [2]. Among teenagers, 95% report using smartphones have started also communicating online. Today, people and 45%reportbeingonline‘constantly’[2].Thisshiftfrom communicate more online than offline. What does this shift offline to online socializing has meaningful and measurable mean for human social life? We identify four structural consequences for every aspect of human interaction, from differences between online (versus offline) interaction: (1) fewer how people form impressions of one another, to how they nonverbal cues, (2) greater anonymity, (3) more opportunity to treat each other, to the breadth and depth of their connec- form new social ties and bolster weak ties, and (4) wider tion. The current article proposes a new framework to dissemination of information. Each of these differences identify, understand, and study these consequences, underlies systematic psychological and behavioral highlighting promising avenues for future research. consequences. Online and offline lives often intersect; we thus further review how online engagement can (1) disrupt or (2) Structural differences between online and enhance offline interaction. This work provides a useful offline interaction -
ARIADNE (Axion Resonant Interaction Detection Experiment): an NMR-Based Axion Search, Snowmass LOI
ARIADNE (Axion Resonant InterAction Detection Experiment): an NMR-based Axion Search, Snowmass LOI Andrew A. Geraci,∗ Aharon Kapitulnik, William Snow, Joshua C. Long, Chen-Yu Liu, Yannis Semertzidis, Yun Shin, and Asimina Arvanitaki (Dated: August 31, 2020) The Axion Resonant InterAction Detection Experiment (ARIADNE) is a collaborative effort to search for the QCD axion using techniques based on nuclear magnetic resonance. In the experiment, axions or axion-like particles would mediate short-range spin-dependent interactions between a laser-polarized 3He gas and a rotating (unpolarized) tungsten source mass, acting as a tiny, fictitious magnetic field. The experiment has the potential to probe deep within the theoretically interesting regime for the QCD axion in the mass range of 0.1- 10 meV, independently of cosmological assumptions. In this SNOWMASS LOI, we briefly describe this technique which covers a wide range of axion masses as well as discuss future prospects for improvements. Taken together with other existing and planned axion experi- ments, ARIADNE has the potential to completely explore the allowed parameter space for the QCD axion. A well-motivated example of a light mass pseudoscalar boson that can mediate new interactions or a “fifth-force” is the axion. The axion is a hypothetical particle that arises as a consequence of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism to solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)[1]. Axions have also been well motivated as a dark matter candidatedue to their \invisible" nature[2]. Axions can couple to fundamental fermions through a scalar vertex and a pseudoscalar vertex with very weak coupling strength. -
Effect of Design Selection on Response Surface Performance
NASA Contractor Report 4520 Effect of Design Selection on Response Surface Performance William C. Carpenter University of South Florida Tampa, Florida Prepared for Langley Research Center under Grant NAG1-1378 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Program 1993 Table of Contents lo Introduction ................................................. 1 1.10uality Qf Fit ............................................. 2 1.].1 Fit at the designs .................................... 2 1.1.2 Overall fit ......................................... 3 1.2. Polynomial Approximations .................................. 4 1.2.1 Exactly-determined approximation ....................... 5 1.2.2 Over-determined approximation ......................... 5 1.2.3 Under-determined approximation ........................ 6 1,3 Artificial Neural Nets ....................................... 7 1 Levels of Designs ............................................. 1O 2.1 Taylor Series Approximation ................................. 10 2,2 Example ................................................ 13 2.3 Conclu_iQn .............................................. 18 B Standard Designs ............................................ 19 3.1 Underlying Principle ....................................... 19 3.2 Statistical Concepts ....................................... 20 3.30rthogonal Designs ........................................ 23 ........................................... 24 3.3.1.1 Example of Scaled Designs: .................... -
The Theory of the Design of Experiments
The Theory of the Design of Experiments D.R. COX Honorary Fellow Nuffield College Oxford, UK AND N. REID Professor of Statistics University of Toronto, Canada CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. C195X/disclaimer Page 1 Friday, April 28, 2000 10:59 AM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cox, D. R. (David Roxbee) The theory of the design of experiments / D. R. Cox, N. Reid. p. cm. — (Monographs on statistics and applied probability ; 86) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58488-195-X (alk. paper) 1. Experimental design. I. Reid, N. II.Title. III. Series. QA279 .C73 2000 001.4 '34 —dc21 00-029529 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. -
La Brea and Beyond: the Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved Biotas
La Brea and Beyond: The Paleontology of Asphalt-Preserved Biotas Edited by John M. Harris Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 42 September 15, 2015 Cover Illustration: Pit 91 in 1915 An asphaltic bone mass in Pit 91 was discovered and exposed by the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art in the summer of 1915. The Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History resumed excavation at this site in 1969. Retrieval of the “microfossils” from the asphaltic matrix has yielded a wealth of insect, mollusk, and plant remains, more than doubling the number of species recovered by earlier excavations. Today, the current excavation site is 900 square feet in extent, yielding fossils that range in age from about 15,000 to about 42,000 radiocarbon years. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Archives, RLB 347. LA BREA AND BEYOND: THE PALEONTOLOGY OF ASPHALT-PRESERVED BIOTAS Edited By John M. Harris NO. 42 SCIENCE SERIES NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Luis M. Chiappe, Vice President for Research and Collections John M. Harris, Committee Chairman Joel W. Martin Gregory Pauly Christine Thacker Xiaoming Wang K. Victoria Brown, Managing Editor Go Online to www.nhm.org/scholarlypublications for open access to volumes of Science Series and Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, California 90007 ISSN 1-891276-27-1 Published on September 15, 2015 Printed at Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas PREFACE Rancho La Brea was a Mexican land grant Basin during the Late Pleistocene—sagebrush located to the west of El Pueblo de Nuestra scrub dotted with groves of oak and juniper with Sen˜ora la Reina de los A´ ngeles del Rı´ode riparian woodland along the major stream courses Porciu´ncula, now better known as downtown and with chaparral vegetation on the surrounding Los Angeles. -
Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for 5P12-RANTES Expression in the Pichia Pastoris System
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Theses, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Dissertations, & Student Research Department of 12-2012 Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for 5P12-RANTES Expression in the Pichia pastoris System Frank M. Fabian University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chemengtheses Part of the Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Fabian, Frank M., "Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for 5P12-RANTES Expression in the Pichia pastoris System" (2012). Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Theses, Dissertations, & Student Research. 16. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chemengtheses/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Theses, Dissertations, & Student Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR 5P12-RANTES EXPRESSION IN THE Pichia pastoris SYSTEM By Frank M. Fabian A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Chemical Engineering Under the Supervision of Professor William H. Velander Lincoln, Nebraska December, 2012 APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR 5P12-RANTES EXPRESSION IN THE Pichia pastoris SYSTEM Frank M. Fabian, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2012 Adviser: William H. Velander Pichia pastoris has demonstrated the ability to express high levels of recombinant heterologous proteins. -
Interaction of Quantitative Variables
Regression Including the Interaction Between Quantitative Variables The purpose of the study was to examine the inter-relationships among social skills, the complexity of the social situation, and performance in a social situation. Each participant considered their most recent interaction in a group of 10 or larger that included at least 50% strangers, and rated their social performance (perf) and the complexity of the situation (sitcom), Then, each participant completed a social skills inventory that provided a single index of this construct (soskil). The researcher wanted to determine the contribution of the “person” and “situation” variables to social performance, as well as to consider their interaction. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation SITCOM 60 .00 37.00 19.7000 8.5300 SOSKIL 60 27.00 65.00 49.4700 8.2600 Valid N (listwise) 60 As before, we will want to center our quantitative variables by subtracting the mean from each person’s scores. We also need to compute an interaction term as the product of the two centered variables. Some prefer using a “full model” approach, others a “hierarchical model” approach – remember they produce the same results. Using the hierarchical approach, the centered quantitative variables (main effects) are entered on the first step and the interaction is added on the second step Be sure to check the “R-squared change” on the Statistics window SPSS Output: Model 1 is the main effects model and Model 2 is the full model. Model Summary Change Statistics Adjusted Std. Error of R Square Model R R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. -
Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Optimizing the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Rajab Suliman South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Theses and Dissertations 2017 Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Optimizing the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Rajab Suliman South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Statistics and Probability Commons Recommended Citation Suliman, Rajab, "Response Surface Methodology and Its Application in Optimizing the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1734. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1734 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN OPTIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS BY RAJAB SULIMAN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Computational Science and Statistics South Dakota State University 2017 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Gemechis D. Djira for accepting me as his advisee since November 2016. He has helped me to successfully bring my Ph.D. study to completion. In particular, he has helped me to develop simultaneous inferences for stationary points in quadratic response models. I also worked with Dr. Yunpeng Pan for three years. I appreciate his guidance and support. -
Interaction Graphs for a Two-Level Combined Array Experiment Design by Dr
Journal of Industrial Technology • Volume 18, Number 4 • August 2002 to October 2002 • www.nait.org Volume 18, Number 4 - August 2002 to October 2002 Interaction Graphs For A Two-Level Combined Array Experiment Design By Dr. M.L. Aggarwal, Dr. B.C. Gupta, Dr. S. Roy Chaudhury & Dr. H. F. Walker KEYWORD SEARCH Research Statistical Methods Reviewed Article The Official Electronic Publication of the National Association of Industrial Technology • www.nait.org © 2002 1 Journal of Industrial Technology • Volume 18, Number 4 • August 2002 to October 2002 • www.nait.org Interaction Graphs For A Two-Level Combined Array Experiment Design By Dr. M.L. Aggarwal, Dr. B.C. Gupta, Dr. S. Roy Chaudhury & Dr. H. F. Walker Abstract interactions among those variables. To Dr. Bisham Gupta is a professor of Statistics in In planning a 2k-p fractional pinpoint these most significant variables the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Southern Maine. Bisham devel- factorial experiment, prior knowledge and their interactions, the IT’s, engi- oped the undergraduate and graduate programs in Statistics and has taught a variety of courses in may enable an experimenter to pinpoint neers, and management team members statistics to Industrial Technologists, Engineers, interactions which should be estimated who serve in the role of experimenters Science, and Business majors. Specific courses in- clude Design of Experiments (DOE), Quality Con- free of the main effects and any other rely on the Design of Experiments trol, Regression Analysis, and Biostatistics. desired interactions. Taguchi (1987) (DOE) as the primary tool of their trade. Dr. Gupta’s research interests are in DOE and sam- gave a graph-aided method known as Within the branch of DOE known pling.