The Use and Impact of Correctional Programming for Inmates on Pre- and Post-Release Outcomes
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Improving Recidivism As a Performance Measure Ryan King Brian Elderbroom Washington State Offender Accountability Act of 1999
Improving Recidivism as a Performance Measure Ryan King Brian Elderbroom Washington State Offender Accountability Act of 1999 Goal: “reduce the risk of reoffending by offenders in the community” Legislation calls for Department of Corrections to: • Classify supervised individuals based on risk of reoffending and severity of prior criminal offending • Shift resources toward higher-risk persons Washington Recidivism Rates Source: Washington State Institute for Public Policy Establishing Metrics for Success and Assessing Results Why measure correctional performance? • Understand the outcomes of funding and policy decisions • Assess the effectiveness of justice agencies at reducing reoffending • Provide the best return on taxpayer investments Most Common Correctional Performance Measure: Recidivism The Good: • Correctional interventions (prison, community supervision) are supposed to reduce reoffending, so recidivism is a natural metric for success The Bad: • Frequently a single-indicator, which doesn’t allow for policy-relevant comparisons across groups • Irregularly collected • Presented absent context Four Steps to Make Recidivism a Meaningful Performance Measure Define Collect Analyze Disseminate Definition Use Multiple Measures of Success Desistance Severity Time to failure Behavior Change Time to Failure (Delaware) Percent Rearrested 2008 2009 2010 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 6 12 18 24 36 Months from prison release Collection Develop Protocols to Ensure Data Are Consistent, Accurate, and Timely Assign unique identifiers Develop long-term records Collect contextual information Update change in status Photo: Flickr/Kevin Dl Breaking Recidivism Down by Policy- Relevant Factors (Colorado) 3-year return to prison rates for 2010 release cohort Analysis Account for Underlying Composition of the Prison Population Photo: Flickr/Thomas Hawk Photo: Flickr/Thomas Hawk Remember that Washington Story from Earlier . -
Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2015 Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1490 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2625217 62 UCLA L. Rev. 1156-1239 (2015) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod EVIEW R ABSTRACT This Article introduces to legal scholarship the first sustained discussion of prison LA LAW LA LAW C abolition and what I will call a “prison abolitionist ethic.” Prisons and punitive policing U produce tremendous brutality, violence, racial stratification, ideological rigidity, despair, and waste. Meanwhile, incarceration and prison-backed policing neither redress nor repair the very sorts of harms they are supposed to address—interpersonal violence, addiction, mental illness, and sexual abuse, among others. Yet despite persistent and increasing recognition of the deep problems that attend U.S. incarceration and prison- backed policing, criminal law scholarship has largely failed to consider how the goals of criminal law—principally deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retributive justice—might be pursued by means entirely apart from criminal law enforcement. Abandoning prison-backed punishment and punitive policing remains generally unfathomable. This Article argues that the general reluctance to engage seriously an abolitionist framework represents a failure of moral, legal, and political imagination. -
Recidivism Among Federal Violent Offenders
Recidivism Among Federal Violent Offenders UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION United States Sentencing Commission One Columbus Circle, N.E. Washington, DC 20002 www.ussc.gov William H. Pryor Jr. Acting Chair Rachel E. Barkow Commissioner Charles R. Breyer Commissioner Danny C. Reeves Commissioner Patricia K. Cushwa Ex Officio David Rybicki Ex Officio Kenneth P. Cohen Staff Director Glenn R. Schmitt Director Office of Research and Data January 2019 Kim Steven Hunt, Ph.D., Senior Research Associate Matthew J. Iaconetti, J.D., M.A., Assistant General Counsel Kevin T. Maass, M.A., Research Associate TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four VIOLENT AND VIOLENT VIOLENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NON-VIOLENT OFFENDERS INSTANT OFFENDERS PRIOR OFFENDERS Introduction.........................................2 Offender and Offense Offender and Offense Offender and Offense Characteristics....................................8 Characteristics..................................18 Characteristics..................................30 Key Findings........................................3 Recidivism Findings...........................11 Recidivism Findings...........................21 Recidivism Findings...........................33 Measures of Recidivism and Methodology......................................4 Robbery Offenders............................27 i Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five APPENDICES VIOLENT AND VIOLENT VIOLENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NON-VIOLENT OFFENDERS INSTANT OFFENDERS PRIOR OFFENDERS CONCLUSION -
Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders
Introductory Handbook on The Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders CRIMINAL JUSTICE HANDBOOK SERIES Cover photo: © Rafael Olivares, Dirección General de Centros Penales de El Salvador. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders CRIMINAL JUSTICE HANDBOOK SERIES UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2018 © United Nations, December 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Preface The first version of the Introductory Handbook on the Prevention of Recidivism and the Social Reintegration of Offenders, published in 2012, was prepared for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) by Vivienne Chin, Associate of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Canada, and Yvon Dandurand, crimi- nologist at the University of the Fraser Valley, Canada. The initial draft of the first version of the Handbook was reviewed and discussed during an expert group meeting held in Vienna on 16 and 17 November 2011.Valuable suggestions and contributions were made by the following experts at that meeting: Charles Robert Allen, Ibrahim Hasan Almarooqi, Sultan Mohamed Alniyadi, Tomris Atabay, Karin Bruckmüller, Elias Carranza, Elinor Wanyama Chemonges, Kimmett Edgar, Aida Escobar, Angela Evans, José Filho, Isabel Hight, Andrea King-Wessels, Rita Susana Maxera, Marina Menezes, Hugo Morales, Omar Nashabe, Michael Platzer, Roberto Santana, Guy Schmit, Victoria Sergeyeva, Zhang Xiaohua and Zhao Linna. -
Introduction to Criminology
PART 1 © Nevarpp/iStockphoto/Getty Images Introduction to Criminology CHAPTER 1 Crime and Criminology. 3 CHAPTER 2 The Incidence of Crime . 35 1 © Tithi Luadthong/Shutterstock CHAPTER 1 Crime and Criminology Crime and the fear of crime have permeated the fabric of American life. —Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice, U.S. Supreme Court1 Collective fear stimulates herd instinct, and tends to produce ferocity toward those who are not regarded as members of the herd. —Bertrand Russell2 OBJECTIVES • Define criminology, and understand how this field of study relates to other social science disciplines. Pg. 4 • Understand the meaning of scientific theory and its relationship to research and policy. Pg. 8 • Recognize how the media shape public perceptions of crime. Pg. 19 • Know the criteria for establishing causation, and identify the attributes of good research. Pg. 13 • Understand the politics of criminology and the importance of social context. Pg. 18 • Define criminal law, and understand the conflict and consensus perspectives on the law. Pg. 5 • Describe the various schools of criminological theory and the explanations that they provide. Pg. 9 of the public’s concern about the safety of their com- Introduction munities, crime is a perennial political issue that can- Crime is a social phenomenon that commands the didates for political office are compelled to address. attention and energy of the American public. When Dealing with crime commands a substantial por- crime statistics are announced or a particular crime tion of the country’s tax dollars. Criminal justice sys- goes viral, the public demands that “something be tem operations (police, courts, prisons) cost American done.” American citizens are concerned about their taxpayers over $270 billion annually. -
Prisoners of Solitude: Bringing History to Bear on Prison Health Policy Margaret Charleroy and Hilary Marland
Prisoners of Solitude: Bringing History to Bear on Prison Health Policy Margaret Charleroy and Hilary Marland Season two of the popular prison drama Orange is the New Black opens in a small concrete cell, no larger than a parking space. The cell is windowless and sparsely furnished; it holds a toilet, a sink and a limp bed. The only distinguishing feature we see is a mural of smeared egg, made by the cell's resident, the show's protagonist Piper Chapman. When a correctional officer arrives at this solitary confinement cell, he wakes her, and mocks her egg fresco. “This is art,” she insists. “This is a yellow warbler drinking out of a daffodil.” Her rambling suggests the confusion and disorientation associated with inmates in solitary confinement, who often become dazed after only a few days in isolation. As the scene continues, we see Piper exhibit further symptoms associated with both short- and long-term solitary confinement—memory loss, inability to reason, mood swings, anxiety—all indicating mental deterioration and impaired mental health. In this and other episodes, we begin to see solitary confinement as the greatest villain in the show, more villainous than any character a writer could create. The new and growing trend of television prison dramas like Orange is the New Black brings the issue of solitary confinement, along with other issues related to incarceration, to a more general audience, exposing very real problems in the failing contemporary prison system, not just in America, but worldwide. The show's success leads us to ask how history, alongside fictional dramas and contemporary case reports, can draw attention to the issue of solitary confinement. -
They Tried to Make Me Go to Rehab: a Study of Rehabilitation in United States Corrections Kayla J
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2015 They Tried to Make Me Go To Rehab: A Study of Rehabilitation in United States Corrections Kayla J. Toole University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons, Criminology Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Recommended Citation Toole, Kayla J., "They rT ied to Make Me Go To Rehab: A Study of Rehabilitation in United States Corrections" (2015). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 387. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/387http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/387 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Head: REHABILITATION IN CORRECTIONS 1 They Tried to Make Me Go To Rehab: A Study on Rehabilitation in United States Corrections Kayla J. Toole University of Rhode Island REHABILITATION IN CORRECTIONS 2 Abstract Rehabilitation has been a staple of the prison system in the United States since the 1700s. The idea that a criminal could be resocialized into a functioning individual in society has been the basis of the prison systems since they first began. Rehabilitation is always evolving in the criminal justice system and being improved to have more impact on recidivism rates. -
PM 8010.1B Work Release Program
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA EFFECTIVE January 18, 2018 Page 1 of 42 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS DATE: SUPERSEDES: 8010.1A April 4, 2012 OPI: Community Corrections PROGRAM MANUAL REVIEW DATE: January 18, 2019 Approving Quincy L. Booth Authority Director SUBJECT: WORK RELEASE PROGRAM NUMBER: 8010.1B Attachments: Attachment A Agreement for Work Release Participation Attachment B Employer Agreement for Work Release Attachment C Request for Halfway House Placement Attachment D Halfway House Referral Package Checklist Attachment E Halfway House General Rules and Orientation Attachment F Inter-Institutional Transfer Attachment G Resident Employment Verification Attachment H Monthly Performance Report Card Attachment I DEMS Escape Report Attachment J DOC Form 1 Report of Significant Incident/Extraordinary Occurrence Attachment K Emergency Notification Attachment L Apprehension Report Attachment M Judge Affidavit/ Violation Report SUMMARY OF CHANGES: Section Change Changes Major revisions to the policy. APPROVED: _________________________ _____1/18/2018_______ Quincy L. Booth, Director Date Signed DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA EFFECTIVE DATE: January 18, 2018 Page 2 of 42 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS SUPERSEDES: 8010.1A PROGRAM MANUAL April 4, 2012 REVIEW DATE: January 18, 2019 SUBJECT: WORK RELEASE PROGRAM NUMBER: 8010.1B Attachments: Attachments A-M 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE. To establish policy and procedures for: a. Placing sentenced misdemeanant inmates and court ordered pretrial defendants into contract Community Correctional Centers (CCC) referred to as Halfway Houses, Halfway and work release from a DOC jail facility; b. Action upon program failure, or upon other court-ordered disposition Releasing inmates and pretrial defendants upon expiration of their sentence, ; and c. Providing overall contract administration of the program. 2. POLICY. -
Recidivism Among Female Prisoners: Secondary Analysis of the 1994 BJS Recidivism Data Set
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Recidivism Among Female Prisoners: Secondary Analysis of the 1994 BJS Recidivism Data Set Author(s): Elizabeth Piper Deschenes ; Barbara Owen ; Jason Crow Document No.: 216950 Date Received: January 2007 Award Number: 2004-IJ-CX-0038 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Final Report Recidivism among Female Prisoners: Secondary Analysis of the 1994 BJS Recidivism Data Set Grant # 2004-IJ-CX-0038 Submitted by: Elizabeth Piper Deschenes Department of Criminal Justice California State University Long Beach 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach, CA 90840-4603 Telephone 562/985-8567 Email: [email protected] Barbara Owen Jason Crow Department of Criminology California State University-- Fresno Fresno California 93740 Telephone: 559/278-5715 Email: [email protected] October 2006 This project was funded by Grant # 2004-IJ-CX-0038 from The National Institute of Justice, Data Resources Program 2004: Funding for the Analysis of Existing Data. -
Rehabilitation Ought to Be Valued Above Retribution in the United States Criminal Justice System
Resolved: Rehabilitation ought to be valued above retribution in the United States criminal justice system. Resolved: Rehabilitation ought to be valued above retribution in the United States criminal justice system. .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 SHORT ESSAY ................................................................................................................................................. 3 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 4 AFFIRMATIVE ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Section 1: Sample Affirmative Case .......................................................................................................... 7 Section 2: Affirmative Evidence .............................................................................................................. 10 Rehabilitative Justice Lowers Recidivism ............................................................................................ 11 Retributive Justice Leads To High Prison Populations ........................................................................ 12 Retributive Justice Doesn’t Work........................................................................................................ 13 Rehabilitative -
Anti- Corruption, Drug Control and the Fight Against Other Transnational Organized Crime
UNODC’s Country programme for Nigeria addresses drug and crime control priorities and focuses on partnerships with key stakeholders. CONIG’s expanding programme portfolio centers around judicial and prison reform, anti- corruption, drug control and the fight against other transnational organized crime. It also aims at better services for victims of human trafficking, drug abusers, and HIV-AIDS risk groups. UNODC Nigeria is located at United Nations House, Plot 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja P.M.B. 2851, Garki, Abuja. Tel: 234-9-4616552, 4616555; Fax: 234-9-4618533. We welcome comments and feedback. Please contact [email protected] . NOVEMBER 2010 ANTI - CORRUPTION HUMAN TRAFFICKING UNODC Hands Over to EFCC after 5 Years of support The Horror of Child Witch After five years of successful project implementation of the 25 million Euro Stigmatization European Union funded project, UNODC officially handed the reigns of the NAPTIP in collaboration with UNODC, UNICEF and the project to EFCC on 25 November. All parties present confirmed the project’s Governments of Switzerland, UK and Finland impact on the operational and technical capacity of EFCC and the Nigerian organized a sensitization and capacity building judiciary. EFCC’s executive chairman, Chief (Mrs) Farida Waziri thanked the workshop on 11 - 12 November child witch European Union (EU) and UNODC for their support and expertise. She stigmatization practices in Nasarawa State. The acknowledged the crucial role they played in the automation of processes, workshop reviewed the existing legislative capacity building and the development of the national anti-corruption strategy. framework on protection of children’s rights and Mr. -
Nonviolent Drug Offenses. Sentencing, Parole and Rehabilitation
University of California, Hastings College of the Law UC Hastings Scholarship Repository Propositions California Ballot Propositions and Initiatives 2008 NONVIOLENT DRUG OFFENSES. SENTENCING, PAROLE AND REHABILITATION. Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.uchastings.edu/ca_ballot_props Recommended Citation NONVIOLENT DRUG OFFENSES. SENTENCING, PAROLE AND REHABILITATION. California Proposition 5 (2008). http://repository.uchastings.edu/ca_ballot_props/1285 This Proposition is brought to you for free and open access by the California Ballot Propositions and Initiatives at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Propositions by an authorized administrator of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PROPOSITION NONVIOLENT DRUG OFFENSES. SENTENCING, 5 PAROLE AND REHABILITATION. INITIATIVE STATUTE. OFFICIAL TITLE AND SUMMARY PREPARED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL NONVIOLENT DRUG OFFENSES. SENTENCING, PAROLE AND REHABILITATION. INITIATIVE STATUTE. • Allocates $460,000,000 annually to improve and expand treatment programs for persons convicted of drug and other offenses. • Limits court authority to incarcerate offenders who commit certain drug crimes, break drug treatment rules or violate parole. • Substantially shortens parole for certain drug offenses; increases parole for serious and violent felonies. • Divides Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation authority between two Secretaries, one with six year fi xed term and one serving at pleasure of Governor. Provides fi ve year fi xed terms for deputy secretaries. • Creates 19 member board to direct parole and rehabilitation policy. Summary of Legislative Analyst’s Estimate of Net State and Local Government Fiscal Impact: • Increased state costs over time potentially exceeding $1 billion annually primarily for expanding drug treatment and rehabilitation programs for offenders in state prisons, on parole, and in the community.