DOCSLIB.ORG

The Massachusetts Forest and Park Friends Network 2Nd Annual Conference October 24, 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Massachusetts Forest and Park Friends Network 2Nd Annual Conference October 24, 2009 The Massachusetts Forest and Park Friends Network 2nd Annual Conference October 24, 2009 Keynote Address: The Hidden Forest Corners of Massachusetts Robert T. Leverett, Executive Director Eastern Native Tree Society Executive Director Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest. Contributing author to Wilderness Comes Home: Rewilding the Northeast Robert T. Leverett, Executive Director Eastern Native Tree Society, Executive Director Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest. Massachusetts Forest and Park Friends Network 2009 Volunteer of the Year, Claudia Hurley, Robinson State Park Ten reasons why Claudia Hurley received the award (as written by her nominators) 1. Beneficial in creating the image that "We" the people will not give up on the forestry issues in the State 2. Uses her brilliance saving many parks and forests from the threat of commercial Claudia Hurley accepts the MFPFN logging Volunteer of the Year Award. Helping present are: Carol Gilmore and Lucy 3. Saving our open space is so important Gionfriddo, Friends of Robinson State Park, to her it's become her full time job, and Mike Toomey, Friends of Douglas State Forest. including overtime and all with out pay 4. Visits to forests in question, attending various meetings THROUGHOUT the State 5. Investigating and researching, reaching out to various experts for answers 6. Helping other groups with their causes 7. Willingness to listen to all perspectives and interest groups (including state officials and private forestry interests) has contributed enormously to the DCR Forest Vision and changes in DCR's land management approach 8. Stopped Robinson from being logged and is now trying to stop commercial logging on all state conservation and recreation land 9. Helped start friends of Robinson State Park 10. Devotes hours and hours to protecting our forests; assertive, expert, and diplomatic, Claudia is making a huge impact on the discussion—her work gives me hope! Congratulations, Claudia, and thank you. Conference Materials The Friends Network in Action —Slide Show of Friends groups’ projects 2009, edited by Mike Ryan. Forest Future Report Slide Show The Friends Network facilitators thank: Lawrence Adams, Executive Director and Trish Settles, Principal Planner at the Central Massachusetts Regional Planning Commission (CMRPC) for hosting the Friends Network Conference again this year—Thank you! A special thank you to Dick Miller for technical assistance and the use of his computer gear! And a big thank you to MFPFN Facilitator Mike Toomey for doing a great job as host and moderator! Many thanks to our Speakers: Robert. T. Leverett, Keynote Speaker, Executive Director Eastern Native Tree Society and Executive Director Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest Conrad Crawford, Director MA Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) Partnerships View DCR Partnership Page, if you are interested in forming a partnership with DCR Alexander (Alec) Gillman, DCR Interpretive Services and Coordinator DCR Civilian Conservation Corps Program Committee Patrice Kish, Director, DCR Office of Cultural Resources Curt Rudge, Bureau Chief, DCR Bureau of Ranger Services Eleanor Fort, Preservation Associate, Environment Massachusetts Brian Shanahan, Regional Director Southeast Massachusetts Division of State Parks & Recreation 26 Groups Represented - 40 friends + 6 speakers (5 from DCR) Friends of Wompatuck State Forest Friends of Robinson State Park Friends of Myles Standish State Forest Friends of the Middlesex Fells Reservation Friends of Alewife Reservation Friends of Beaver Brook Reservation Friends of Freetown-Fall River State Forest Friends of Howe State Forest Friends of Spencer State Forest Friends of Alewife Reservation Friends of Hubbardston State Forest Bay State Trail Riders Association Environment MA Friends of Willard Brook Friends Mount Greylock State Reservation Friends of Douglas State Forest Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest Friends of Scussett Beach Reservation Friends of Shawme-Crowell State Forest Friends of Townsend State Forest Friends of Upton State Forest Friends Wachusetts Mountain Ski Area Mass Audubon Natick Cochituate Rail Trail Advisory Committee Southwest Corridor Park Conservancy Friends of Mohawk Trail State Forest. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Hiking and Biking Guide
    Amherst College Trails Cadwell Memorial Forest Trail, Pelham Goat Rock Trail, Hampden Laughing Brook Wildlife Sanctuary Trails, Hampden Redstone Rail Trail, East Longmeadow Amherst College trails near the main campus traverse open fields, wetlands, This 12,000-acre forest offers a trail includes 24 individually numbered stations, each The 35-acre Goat Rock Conservation Area connects two town parks via a popular Laughing Brook Wildlife Sanctuary features woodlands, meadows, and streams along The Redstone Rail Trail connects two major destinations in town. The wide and flat flood plain, upland woods, and plantation pines. The Emily Dickinson railT is with information about a different aspect of the forest’s wildlife habitat. The main hiking trail called the Goat Rock Ridge Trail, which runs along the Wilbraham its four-mile trail system in its 356 acre property. Laughing Brook was once the home asphalt path connects town soccer fields and industrial district with the center of south of the Fort River. trail links to the M&M Trail. Mountain ridge for a little over a mile. There are two scenic vistas, Lookout Point at of beloved children’s author Thornton Burgess and the beautiful brook inspired many town. The trail passes by fields, wetlands, and wooded areas. PIONEER VALLEY Location: The trail network can be accessed from the Mass Central Rail Location: Take Enfield Road off Pelham Road; after 2 miles bear left on the east end of the trail and the historic Goat Rock at the west end. of his timeless tales. Location: From the rotary in the center of town travel ¼ mile west on Trail, and from South East St., College St., South Pleasant St., Packardville Road.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Forest Inventory 2014
    Manual for Continuous Forest Inventory Field Procedures Bureau of Forestry Division of State Parks and Recreation February 2014 Massachusetts Department Conservation and Recreation Manual for Continuous Forest Inventory Field Procedures Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation February, 2014 Preface The purpose of this manual is to provide individuals involved in collecting continuous forest inventory data on land administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation with clear instructions for carrying out their work. This manual was first published in 1959. It has undergone minor revisions in 1960, 1961, 1964 and 1979, and 2013. Major revisions were made in April, 1968, September, 1978 and March, 1998. This manual is a minor revision of the March, 1998 version and an update of the April 2010 printing. TABLE OF CONTENTS Plot Location and Establishment The Crew 3 Equipment 3 Location of Established Plots 4 The Field Book 4 New CFI Plot Location 4 Establishing a Starting Point 4 The Route 5 Traveling the Route to the Plot 5 Establishing the Plot Center 5 Establishing the Witness Trees 6 Monumentation 7 Establishing the Plot Perimeter 8 Tree Data General 11 Tree Number 11 Azimuth 12 Distance 12 Tree Species 12-13 Diameter Breast Height 13-15 Tree Status 16 Product 17 Sawlog Height 18 Sawlog Percent Soundness 18 Bole Height 19 Bole Percent Soundness 21 Management Potential 21 Sawlog Tree Grade 23 Hardwood Tree Grade 23 Eastern White Pine Tree Grade 24 Quality Determinant 25 Crown Class 26 Mechanical Loss
    [Show full text]
  • OUR MISSION DCR’S Universal Access Program Is Dedicated to Providing Outdoor Recreation Opportunities in Massachusetts State Parks for Visitors of All Abilities
    DCR UAP Program Schedule Summer/FallAccess News 2019Page 1 OUR MISSION DCR’s Universal Access Program is dedicated to providing outdoor recreation opportunities in Massachusetts State Parks for visitors of all abilities. Accessibility is achieved through site improvements, specialized adaptive recreation equipment, and accessible recreation programs. Pre-registration is required for all programs. To pre-register, contact the providing organization. Get into the activity sooner by bringing your release form filled out: mass.gov/dcr/universal-access/release Our structured programs feature adaptive equipment, professional staff, and instruction and support. Friends, family, and companions are welcome to take part in our programs alongside participants with disabilities. Visit our website to keep up-to-date with our activities! mass.gov/dcr/universal-access Donations welcome! DCR’s Conservation Trust and Urban Parks Trust Fund accepts contributions to support and enhance outdoor recreation in Massachusetts for people of all abilities. Your tax-deductible donation will help provide access to our parks. Ask us about matching funds! To learn more, visit: mass.gov/dcr/universal-access/donate Checks should be made out to The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, noting that the funds are for the Universal Access Program (UAP), and sent to: DCR’s Universal Access Program P.O. Box 484 Amherst, MA 01004 Access News Page 2 Hiking program that travels around the state! Take a gentle hike with Stavros Outdoor Access. Date Location Adaptive equipment and staff assistance provided. June 20 George’s Island, Bring a lunch and enjoy nature activities, Boston Harbor scavenger hunts, letterboxing, and more. June 27 Great Brook Farm State Park, Carlisle Cost: $3/person, $12/family, $25/group July 11 Walden Pond State Reservation, Concord July 18 Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Outdoor Recreation Recreation Outdoor Massachusetts the Wildlife
    Photos by MassWildlife by Photos Photo © Kindra Clineff massvacation.com mass.gov/massgrown Office of Fishing & Boating Access * = Access to coastal waters A = General Access: Boats and trailer parking B = Fisherman Access: Smaller boats and trailers C = Cartop Access: Small boats, canoes, kayaks D = River Access: Canoes and kayaks Other Massachusetts Outdoor Information Outdoor Massachusetts Other E = Sportfishing Pier: Barrier free fishing area F = Shorefishing Area: Onshore fishing access mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/fba/ Western Massachusetts boundaries and access points. mass.gov/dfw/pond-maps points. access and boundaries BOAT ACCESS SITE TOWN SITE ACCESS then head outdoors with your friends and family! and friends your with outdoors head then publicly accessible ponds providing approximate depths, depths, approximate providing ponds accessible publicly ID# TYPE Conservation & Recreation websites. Make a plan and and plan a Make websites. Recreation & Conservation Ashmere Lake Hinsdale 202 B Pond Maps – Suitable for printing, this is a list of maps to to maps of list a is this printing, for Suitable – Maps Pond Benedict Pond Monterey 15 B Department of Fish & Game and the Department of of Department the and Game & Fish of Department Big Pond Otis 125 B properties and recreational activities, visit the the visit activities, recreational and properties customize and print maps. mass.gov/dfw/wildlife-lands maps. print and customize Center Pond Becket 147 C For interactive maps and information on other other on information and maps interactive For Cheshire Lake Cheshire 210 B displays all MassWildlife properties and allows you to to you allows and properties MassWildlife all displays Cheshire Lake-Farnams Causeway Cheshire 273 F Wildlife Lands Maps – The MassWildlife Lands Viewer Viewer Lands MassWildlife The – Maps Lands Wildlife Cranberry Pond West Stockbridge 233 C Commonwealth’s properties and recreation activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Westfield River Trails User Guide
    Lower Westfield River Trails User Guide View of Noble View Trail System Prepared by Department of Geography & Regional Planning Westfield State College Westfield, MA 01086 Prepared for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management with funding from The Massachusetts Watershed Initiative This guide is designed to provide information about Trails in the Lower Westfield River Watershed, and has been prepared for general planning and informational purposes only. It is not necessarily accurate to engineering or surveying standards. Every effort has been made to make the data/maps as complete and as accurate as possible; however, no warranty or fitness is implied. 2 Westfield State College (WSC) entered into an agreement with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management (DEM), with funding from the Massachusetts Watershed Initiative, to inventory recreational trails for the Lower Westfield River Watershed and prepare a user guide. Communities included in the watershed are Agawam, Blandford, Granville, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, Westfield, and West Springfield. This user guide includes land- based trails as well as water-based trails and access points. This trail guide summarizes the trail resources in the communities graphically as well as in narrative form. The contents of the guide and additional maps and information about the Westfield River Watershed are also found on the Westfield River Watershed Interactive Atlas at <http://river.wsc.ma.edu>. This guide is organized alphabetically by community and within a community by associated existing and proposed trail opportunities. Each community and associated trails are briefly described and the contact information is provided where available. Simple trail maps are provided for each of the park areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Here in the in This Canal Walk Series (1-5), Enjoy a Guided Walk to Explore Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor
    Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor NNUA A L h t 5 2019 GO! for a walk, a tour, a bike ride, a paddle, a boat ride, a special event or harvest experience – all in the month of September in the wonderful Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. Proudly sponsored by GO! Table of Contents Welcome ........................ 2-3 Map ............................... 4 Listing of Experiences & Events ...................... 8-42 Be a GearHead! ................ 23 VIP Program .................... 44 Page 17 Photo Contest ................. 44 Support the Blackstone Heritage Corridor ............ 45 Online Shop .................... 45 SEPTEMBER 2019 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Page 32 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Visit us at BlackstoneHeritageCorridor.org for more free, guided experiences and special events (some may Page 36 charge fees)! Updated daily. Page 37 670 Linwood Avenue Whitinsville, MA 01588 508-234-4242 BlackstoneHeritageCorridor.org Cover photo by Tracy Torteson ©2019 Blackstone Heritage Corridor, Inc. Page 42 Table of Contents 1 We welcome you One valley…One environment… to September in the One history…All powered by the Blackstone River! Blackstone So nationally significant, it was named the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Heritage Corridor! Corridor. So important to the American identity, it was designated the Blackstone It’s all water powered! River Valley National Historical Park. The Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor is most notably known as the Birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution and the first place of tolerance and diversity in the country. In the fall, its many other attributes come vividly into focus as the crispness of autumn grows from the last warmth of summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Space Lands Fight Climate Change Public Lands Preservation
    Open Space Lands Fight Climate Change Protect public open spaces with the Public Lands Preservation Act SD146 and HD271 Lead Sponsors: Senator James Eldridge (Acton) and Representative Ruth B. Balser (Newton) In 1972, Massachusetts voters approved Article 97 of the state constitution to provide greater protection for open space lands such as parks, conservation areas, forests and watershed lands. Disposing of or changing the use of such municipal or state land requires a favorable two-thirds vote of each branch of the legislature. The Public Lands Preservation Act (PLPA) would ensure for any dispositions of open space land covered by Article 97 : ❖ No Net Loss ➢ PLPA would give the protection of law to the current state policy that there be no net loss of lands or easements protected under Article 97. ➢ Require that replacement land of comparable acreage, fair market value, location, and natural resource value be provided for each disposition. ❖ Alternative Analysis ➢ PLPA would codify the existing requirement that alternatives to a proposed disposition be examined. ❖ Transparency ➢ PLPA would require prior notification to the public and the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EOEEA). See third page for text of bill. Benefits of Preserving Public Land ❖ Reduce climate change by storing CO2 in trees and soil1 ❖ Assist with climate change adaptation by acting as a buffer against floods and other natural disasters2 ❖ Provide clean air ❖ Protect drinking water supplies ❖ Support agriculture, forestry, wildlife biodiversity and habitat, recreation, and tourism ❖ Promote physical and mental health as people get outside and into nature ❖ Provide in this time of COVID shutdown places for people to get outdoors and find recreation.
    [Show full text]
  • Places to Hike in ! Greater Worcester!
    Places to Hike in ! Greater Worcester! 3rd Edition! Updated December, 2014 Trail Maps! Directions! Property Descriptions! ! Places to Hike in Greater Worcester Worcester is a great place to live. Over the years, many organizations have protected green space, for the benefit of everyone. This guide includes a brief description and map for each of the following areas. 1 Asnebumskit Hill Paxton, Holden 2 Blackstone River Bikeway Worcester, Millbury 3 Bovenzi Worcester 4 Broad Meadow Brook Worcester 5 Burncoat Pond Spencer 6-1 Cascades and Boynton Parks Paxton, Holden,Worcester 6-2 Cascading Waters and Cook’s Pond Worcester 7 Coes Reservoir & Columbus Park Worcester 8 Cook’s Canyon Barre 19 Cook’s Woods Worcester 9 Cookson Park Worcester 10 Cormier Woods Uxbridge, Mendon 11 Crow Hill Worcester 12 Eagle Lake Holden 13 East Side Trail & Trinity Woods Worcester 14 Elmer’s Seat Boylston 15 God’s Acre or Deed Rock & Tetasset Ridge Worcester 16 Hadwen Arboretum Worcester 17 Hadwen Park Worcester 19-2 Holbrook Forest Worcester, Holden 18 Kettle Brook Worcester 19-1 Kinneywoods, & Cook’s Woods Worcester, Holden 20 Lake Park Worcester 26 Marois 28 Worcester 21 Moore State Park Paxton 22 Moreland Woods Worcester 38 Muir Meadow Paxton 23 Newton Hill and Elm Park Worcester 24 Nick’s Woods Worcester 25 Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge Ayer, Shirley 26 Parson’s Cider Mill & Marois 28 Worcester 27 Patch Reservoir Worcester 28 Perkins Farm Worcester 29 Pierpont Meadow Dudley 30 Pine Glen West Boylson 31 Porcupine Hill & Potter Sanctuary Holden 32 Poutwater Pond Holden, Sterling 33 Purgatory Chasm Sutton 34 Rail Trails Sterling, Holden, Rutland, West Boylston 35 Rocky Pond Community Forest Boylston 36 Sibley Farm Spencer 37 Slater Woods Dudley, Oxford 38 Southwick Pond and Muir Meadow Paxton, Leicester 39 Spencer State Forest Spencer 40 Summer Star Wildlife Sanctuary Boylston 15 Tetasset Ridge Worcester 13 Trinity Woods Worcester 41 Trout Brook Holden 42 White Oak Trail Holden Princeton, Massachusetts has not been included in this guide.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Message
    FRIENDS OF UPTON STATE FOREST INC. NEWSLETTER http://www.friendsofuptonstateforest.org [email protected] Volume 2, Number 3 May 2007 ************************************************************************ President’s Message ~ by Ellen Arnold DCR Partnership Workshop Around 1970 Upton State Forest Agnita Knott and Ellen Arnold (USF) became a satellite of Wachusett attended the DCR Partnership Workshop Mountain State Park before becoming a at Elm Bank Reservation on March 10. It satellite of Douglas State Forest in 1977. was a full day with presentations by key Since 1981when the Heritage State Park DCR officials and afternoon workshops. was established at River Bend Farm Questions were answered on many Upton has been managed from there. All subjects including permits, budget, legal of these areas are part of the Central topics and more. Region. Several months ago I became Not only did we come away with aware that we were going to become a a better understanding of the way DCR satellite of Hopkinton State Park in the is managed but we made many contacts newly formed Metro West District in the with other Friend’s groups. These are Northeast Region. It appears that will already proving valuable. probably happen soon. As you know in 2005 we were So what does that mean to the Friends successful in getting the historic CCC of Upton State Forest? To most users the buildings at Upton on the Preservation change will be transparent. For those of Mass “List of Ten Most Endangered us that need to contact DCR officials on Historic Resources in Massachusetts.” behalf of USF we will need to develop During an afternoon workshop I listened some new relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • DCR's 10Th Annual Park Serve Day Set
    For Immediate Release - April 19, 2016 DCR’s 10th Annual Park Serve Day Set for Saturday, April 30, 2016 Public is Encouraged to Join Thousands of Volunteers at Statewide Park Clean- Up Events Boston- Tuesday, April 19, 2016- Today, the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) has announced that the 10th annual Park Serve Day will be held on Saturday, April 30, 2016, and the agency encourages members of the public to participate in events held at local state parks and beaches. Park Serve Day is a statewide initiative dedicated to a day of volunteer service where the public partners with staff from the DCR to ready the Commonwealth’s parks and beaches for summer by assisting in cleaning coastlines, clearing trails, planting flowers, painting picnic tables, mowing, weeding, and picking up litter. “From planting flowers and trees to painting picnic tables and welcome signs, Park Serve Day is an incredible opportunity for state government to partner with the public in an effort to benefit us all,” said Governor Charlie Baker. “By working together, generations of people will truly benefit from this worthwhile event.” Park Serve Day improves natural, cultural, and recreational public spaces throughout Massachusetts through volunteerism at local events. The majority of events will take place between the hours of 8:00AM and 3:00PM, though hours may vary by location, and participants are encouraged to reach out to their local state parks to confirm event times. “Every year thousands of volunteers pitch in and participate in DCR’s annual Park Serve Day, and I’m so proud of their work and commitment at our state parks” said Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Conservation & Recreation, Boston, MA | 2014
    Department of Conservation and Recreation dC r NPDES Storm Water Management Program Permit Year 11 Annual Report Municipality/Organization: Department of Conservation and Recreation EPA NPDES Permit Number: MARO43001 MaDEP Transmittal Number: Annual Report Number & Reporting Period: No. 11: April 2013— March 2014 Department of Conservation and Recreation NPDES P11 Small MS4 General Permit Annual Report ) Part I. General Information Contact Person: Robert Lowell Title: Environmental Section Chief Telephone #: (617) 626-1340 Email: [email protected] Certification: I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction olsupervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on myinquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathing the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant pealties for submitting false information, includin the possibility of fine and imprisonment r knowing violations. Signature: Printed Name: John P. Murray Title: Commissioner Date: 30 2o ‘— 5/1/2014 Pa2e2 Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) NPDES Storm Water Management Program Permit Year 11 Annual Report For Coverage Under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 Causeway Street Suite 600 Boston, MA 02114-2104 Submittal: May 1, 2014 5/1/2014 Department of Conservation and Recreation NPDES Storm Water Management Program Permit Year 11 Annual Report Municipality/Organization: Department of Conservation and Recreation EPA NPDES Permit Number: MAR043001 MaDEP Transmittal Number: Annual Report Number & Reporting Period: No.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Real Property Owned and Leased by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
    The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance Report on the Real Property Owned and Leased by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Published February 15, 2019 Prepared by the Division of Capital Asset Management and Maintenance Carol W. Gladstone, Commissioner This page was intentionally left blank. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Report Organization 5 Table 1 Summary of Commonwealth-Owned Real Property by Executive Office 11 Total land acreage, buildings (number and square footage), improvements (number and area) Includes State and Authority-owned buildings Table 2 Summary of Commonwealth-Owned Real Property by County 17 Total land acreage, buildings (number and square footage), improvements (number and area) Includes State and Authority-owned buildings Table 3 Summary of Commonwealth-Owned Real Property by Executive Office and Agency 23 Total land acreage, buildings (number and square footage), improvements (number and area) Includes State and Authority-owned buildings Table 4 Summary of Commonwealth-Owned Real Property by Site and Municipality 85 Total land acreage, buildings (number and square footage), improvements (number and area) Includes State and Authority-owned buildings Table 5 Commonwealth Active Lease Agreements by Municipality 303 Private leases through DCAMM on behalf of state agencies APPENDICES Appendix I Summary of Commonwealth-Owned Real Property by Executive Office 311 Version of Table 1 above but for State-owned only (excludes Authorities) Appendix II County-Owned Buildings Occupied by Sheriffs and the Trial Court 319 Appendix III List of Conservation/Agricultural/Easements Held by the Commonwealth 323 Appendix IV Data Sources 381 Appendix V Glossary of Terms 385 Appendix VI Municipality Associated Counties Index Key 393 3 This page was intentionally left blank.
    [Show full text]