Phänoanalyse Einer Population Von Cylindera Germanica (L.) (Coleóptera: Cicindelidae)

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Phänoanalyse Einer Population Von Cylindera Germanica (L.) (Coleóptera: Cicindelidae) ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology Jahr/Year: 1957 Band/Volume: 7 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schilder Franz Alfred Artikel/Article: Phänoanalyse einer Population von Cylindera germanica L. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). 28-35 w enckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ 28 F. A. Schilder, Cylindera germanica (L.) K ullenberg , B., Die Bier der schwedischen Gapsiden I. Ark. Zool., A 33 (15), 1—16, 1942. •—, Die Eier der schwedischen Capsiden II. Ark. Zool., 34 A (15), 1—8,1943. —, Studien über die Biologie der Capsiden. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala, 23, 1—522,1946. L eston , D., The eggs of Tingitidae, especially Acalypta parvula (Fall.). Entomol. mon. Mag., 89, 132—134,1953. —, The eggs of Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi (Deg.) and Monanthia humuli (F.), with notes on the eggs of Cimicoidea and Tingoidea. Entomol. mon. Mag., 90, 99—102,1954. Mich a lk , O., Zur Morphologie und Ablage der Bier bei den Heteropteren, sowie über ein System der Eiablagetypen. Dtsch. ent. Z. 1935,148—175, 1935. P oisson , R ., Quelques observations sur la structure de 1 oeuf des insectes Hemipteres- Heteropteres. Bull. Soc. Sei. Bretagne, 10, 40—77, 1933. S outhwood , T. R. E., The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Trans, ent. Soc. London, 108, ' 163—221, 1956. Southwood , T. R. E. & S cudder , G. G. E., The bionomics and imature stages of the thistle lace bugs (Tingis ampliata H. S. and Tingis carduiL.) Hem. Tingidae. Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent., 12, 93—112, 1956. W eb er , H., Biologie der Hemipteren. Berlin 1930. Phänoanalyse einer Population von Cylindera germanica (L.) (Coleóptera: Cicindelidae) Von F. A. S c h il d e s Universität Halle (Mit 3 Textfiguren) Anfang August 1954 und 1956 hat cand. biol. K o h r a d K r ü g e r westlich von Lindenthal bei Leipzig 58 bzw. 214 Cylindera germanica1) gesammelt, u, zw. beidesmal an der gleichen (etwa 100 X 200 m großen) Stelle bei Kote 132,0 am Ostrande des ehemaligen Exerzierplatzes, d. i. also am West­ rande des Eichenmischwaldes „Tannenwald“ etwa 2 km nordöstlich vom Bahnhof Lützschena. Diese somit aus zwei Jahrgängen der gleichen Popu­ lation stammenden Tiere wurden von mir auf folgende vier Merkmale untersucht: 1. G eschlecht. Bei 137 $ und 135c? beträgt der Anteil der $ 50.3%, also wie bei früheren Untersuchungen anCicindela sylvicola ($ = 50.3% nach S c h il d e r 1927: 138); der Überschuß der <? bei C. asiatica ($ = 40.6% nach S c h il d e r 1949:142) war also ungewöhnlich, lag aber noch innerhalb der Zufallsgrenzen, wie dies auch bei den Jahresausbeuten von germanica (1954: $ = 55%; 1956: $ = 49%) der Fall ist. Beide Geschlechter sind also gleich häufig (Vgl. S c h il d e r , 1954, p. 71.) x) E. R ivalibr (Démembrement du genre Cicindela Linné. Rev. Fran<¿. Ent., 17, 217—244,1950) hat die Gattung Cicindela Linné in zahlreichen Gattungen aufgeteilt und Cicindela germanica L.in die Gattung Cylindera Westwood gestellt (Genotypus: germanica L.). DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.7.1-2.28-35 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 7, 1957, Nr. 1/2 29 2. Größe. Gemessen wurde die Länge des linken Elytron (vom Vorder­ rande des Scutellum bis zum Apex) entlang der Naht auf x/10 mm genau (Ls in mm), woraus nach Stichproben bestimmt werden kannLe = die Länge des gebogenen Außenrandes (von der Schulterbeule bis zum Apex) durch Multiplikation mit 1.21, sowie E — die Gesamtfläche des Elytron (in mm2) nach der Formel E = 0.265 L\ bzw. 0.255 L%s für $ bzw. $ (denn die $-Elytren sind relativ breiter als die der $). Tabelle 1 gibt die Variationsreihen der Nahtlängen L(s) von 5.3 bis 7.3 mm an, ausgedrückt in Klassen zu 0.1 mm und getrennt für die beiden Jahrgänge, die Geschlechter und die noch zu besprechenden beiden Farb­ typen vb = kupfriggrün und nn = schwarz; die Medianklassen sind fett­ gedruckt : Tabelle 1. Elytren-Länge in V» mm 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 n $ vb 1954 _ _ _ ____ ____ _ ____ ____ 3 _ 2 4 5 3 6 2 2 1 3 — 31 1956 — — — — — 1 1 — 5 4 4 9 15 6 21 16 9 6 4 _ T 102 — — — — — — nn 1954 — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 1956 — — --- — — — — — 1 — 1 1 — — — — — — —----- — 3 o vb1954 — 1 — 1 — 2 1 1 — 3 1 2 1 — — — — — — — 13 1956 1 — 1 3 2 2 4 10 15 20 7 13 5 3 3 — — — — — 89 — nn 1954 — — — — — 1 — 3 2 — 3 1 2 1 — — — — — 13 1956 — — — — — 1 1 1 3 4 4 6 — — — — — — — — 20 zus. $ ____ ____ ____ 1 1 _____ 9 4 7 14 21 9 27 18 11 7 7 — 1 137 1 1 1 4 2 6 6 15 20 27 15 22 8 4 3 — — — — — 135 Bei unseren germanica sind also, wie bei allen Cicindelini(S c h il d e r , 1954, p. 72), die Elytren der $ deutlich länger als die der <J, u. zw. durch­ schnittlich um 0.5 mm (= 8%); zwischen den beiden Jahrgängen sowie zwi­ schen den beiden Farbtypen besteht dagegen kein nachweisbarer Unter­ schied. Die von A dam o vic (1950 : 321) gemessenen Elytren der (leider nicht nach Geschlechtern getrennten) 39 serbisch-bosnischengermanica sind mit einer Mediane = 6.1 mm kleiner, die von 238germanica aus Dal­ matien (Konavlje) mit 6.7 mm dagegen größer als die 272$^ aus Leipzig mit 6.4 mm. Die Elytren der $ sind etwa wie bei Cicindela asiatica (S c h il d e r , 1949, p. 142) relativ breiter, so daß bei 6.0 und 7.0 mm langen germanica die Elytrenfläche bei $9.5 bzw. 13.0 mm2, bei $ aber nur 9.1 bzw. 12.4 mm2 beträgt. 3. E ly tren -F arb e. Der Gesamteindruck des ganzen Elytron (ohne Rücksicht auf die bei grünen Stücken oft abgrenzbaren kupferroten Stellen, welche Teile der weißen Randzeichnung ersetzen) wurde bei senkrechter Blickrichtung in einen Grundton und eine zusätzliche Nuance zerlegt, und demgemäß mit jeweils zwei Buchstaben bezeichnet, von denen der erste DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.7.1-2.28-35 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download w w w .c o n tr'ons-to-entomology.org/ 30 F. A. Schilder, Cylindera germanica (L.) den vorherrschenden Farbton angibt; wenn c = blau,v = grün,b = kupfer­ braun und n = schwarz bedeutet, stellt also z. B. die Reihe ec, ob, bv, bbdie Abänderungen von reingrün über kupfriggrün und grünkupfrig bis rein- kupfrig dar. In Fig. 1 sind die bei dieser Kalssifikation möglichen 16 Farb­ töne auf den Seiten und Diagonalen eines Quadrates aufgetragen (die Striche Tabelle2. Farbelemente nicht-schwarzer Elytren c V b n $ 1954 6 62 31 i f o von 93 1956 10 58 25 7 Y o von 306 $ 1954 — 69 31 _ Y o von 39 1956 4 66 29 1 Yo von 267 zusammen 7 62 28 3 % von 705 (= 235 x 3) verbinden solche Farbtöne, welche direkt ineinander übergehen können), unter Hinzufügung von jeweils 4 Individuenzahlen; links?, rechts<$, oben 1954, unten 1956. In diesem Diagramm fällt auf, daß die rein schwarzen Stücke (14%) von allen übrigen durch das Fehlen fast-schwarzer Individuen morphologisch isoliert sind: die nn-Form ist also gewiß yy yb bv ' bb genetisch tiefer verankert und wohl als eine anderorts oft gänzlich fehlende Mutation gegenüber allen übrigen Farb- Modifikationen der „farbigen“ Stamm­ form zu werten; sie erscheint weit­ gehend (wenn auch nicht vollkommen!) geschlechtsgebunden, da diese rein­ schwarzen Stücke unter den$ stets viel häufiger zu finden sind als unter den ? (sie bilden 24% bzw. nur 3%), wie ja auch bei Cicindela sylvicola und asiatica schwarze Formen beim häufiger sind cc cn nc nn als heim? (S c h il d e r , 1927, p . 154; Fig. 1. Die Elytren-Farbe von Cylin­ 1949, p. 142). dera germanica von Lindenthal (näheres siehe im Text) Bei den übrigen, also den „farbigen“ Varianten (86%) verteilen sich die vier Farbelemente c, v, b, n nach Tabelle 2, wenn man den 1. Buchstaben jeder Farbkombination doppelt bewertet, also z. B. vb — 2e -j- 1 b setzt. Da nach Fig. 1 in beiden Jahren bei beiden Geschlechtern die pfr-Stüeke (d. i. die kupfriggrüne Stammform) am häufigsten waren, stehen in Tabelle 2 überall v und b an 1. bzw. 2. Stelle; Blautönung (c) und Verdunkelung n() scheint beim ? häufiger vorzukommen als beim % 4. M arginalfleck. Der bei unseren germanica niemals mit einem anderen Zeichnungselemente verbundene, mehr oder weniger grellweiße DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.7.1-2.28-35 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 7, 1957, Nr. 1/2 31 mittlere Randfleck wurde unter dem Mikroskop (Auflicht) mit dem Abbe- schen Zeichenspiegel bei 80.7facher Vergrößerung auf Millimeterpapier gezeichnet; nach dieser Umrißzeichnung wurde bestimmt a) die Länge des Fleckes, d. i. des längsten Diameters (Dm), der bei germanica meist dem Elytronrande parallel verläuft; hierzu wurde die Distanz der beiden entferntesten Punkte der Zeichnung auf ganze mm gemessen (bei zerteilten Flecken einschließlich der zeichnungslosen Lücken!) und entsprechend obengenannter Vergrößerung mit 0.0124 multipliziert. b) die Fläche des Fleckes (Am) einschl. der dunklen Poren, wenn diese gänzlich von der weißen Zeichnung umschlossen sind; hierzu wurden die mm2 der Zeichnung ausgezählt und die Summe entsprechend der Vergröße­ rung mit (0.0124)2 = 0.000154 multipliziert. Die Tabellen 3 und 4 zeigen zunächst die absolute Größe des Marginal­ fleckes (also ohne Rücksicht auf die Elytrongröße!), u.
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