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The Department of Justice and the Limits of the New Deal State, 1933-1945
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND THE LIMITS OF THE NEW DEAL STATE, 1933-1945 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Maria Ponomarenko December 2010 © 2011 by Maria Ponomarenko. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ms252by4094 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kennedy, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard White, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mariano-Florentino Cuellar Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Acknowledgements My principal thanks go to my adviser, David M. -
Whittaker Chambers Testifies" Carroll County Times Article for 16 August 1998 by Jay A
"Whittaker Chambers Testifies" Carroll County Times article for 16 August 1998 By Jay A. Graybeal In August 1948, Whittaker Chambers, A Time magazine editor who lived on a farm on Bachman's Valley Rd. in Carroll County, read a prepared statement charging that a number of government officials were communists. The story was published in the August 6 issue of the Westminster Democratic Advocate newspaper: "FORMER COMMUNIST TESTIFIES BEFORE COMMITTEE Whitaker Chambers, living on Bachman's Valley road, on the Thomas farm, who said he was a Communist from 1924 to 1937 testified Tuesday that the Red 'underground' then included Alger Hiss, State Department official, before the House of Un-American Activities Committee, in Washington on Tuesday. Chambers, now an associate editor of Time magazine, said in a prepared statement read to the House committee that he himself 'served in the underground, chiefly in Washington.' He said there was an underground organization developed, to the best of his knowledge, by Harold Ware, one of the sons of the Communist leader known as 'Mother Bloor.' He went on: 'I knew it at its top level, a group of seven or so men, from among whom, in the late years, certain members of Miss (Elizabeth T.) Bentley's organization were apparently recruited.' 'The head of the underground group was Nathan Witt, an attorney for the National Labor Relations Board. Later John Abt became the leader. 'Lee Pressman was also a member of this group, as was Alger Hiss, who, as a member of the State Department, later organized the conferences at Dumbarton Oaks, San Francisco and the United States side of the [Y]alta Conference.' Miss Bentley, mentioned by Chambers, is the young woman who told a sensational story last week of collecting information for the Russians from scores of Government employees during the war. -
“A Sinister Poison”: the Red Scare Comes to Bethel
“A Sinister Poison”: The Red Scare Comes to Bethel The Bethel–Randolph Center incident is a story that features several colorful figures, including a Tibetan Buddhist dignitary, a local self-described “red hunter,” and two well-traveled and prolific writers: Far East expert Owen Lattimore and Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson. By RICK WINSTON ere’s a question that might stump many Vermont history buffs: who was Ordway Mabson Southard? A May 2001 obit- H uary for this prolifi c poet and haiku specialist mentioned some of the places he and his wife Mary had lived: Alaska, Mexico, Al- abama, Hawaii, and fi nally British Columbia—but not Vermont.1 Yet it was here in the summer of 1950 that the Southards were the catalysts for an episode that landed Vermont in the national news. Only a passing obituary reference to their political activities (“Both were highly infl uenced by Marxist Socialist thought and participated in the Civil Rights Movement”) gives a clue to the events that led to headlines such as the one in the August 3 issue of the Bradford Opinion: “Reds Infest Bethel, Randolph Center, McCarthy Charges.”2 . RICK WINSTON was co-owner of Montpelier’s Savoy Theater for twenty-nine years, and is currently programming director for the Green Mountain Film Festival. He was one of the organizers of the 1988 conference “Vermont in the McCarthy Era,” co-sponsored by the Vermont Historical Society, and is continuing to re- search the period. If anyone has memories of that time in Vermont, contact him at <[email protected]>. -
Reactions of Congress to the Alger Hiss Case, 1948-1960
Soviet Spies and the Fear of Communism in America Reactions of Congress to the Alger Hiss Case, 1948-1960 Mémoire Brigitte Rainville Maîtrise en histoire Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Brigitte Rainville, 2013 Résumé Le but de ce mémoire est de mettre en évidence la réaction des membres du Congrès des États-Unis dans le cadre de l'affaire Alger Hiss de 1948 à 1960. Selon notre source principale, le Congressional Record, nous avons pu faire ressortir les divergences d'opinions qui existaient entre les partisans des partis démocrate et républicain. En ce qui concerne les démocrates du Nord, nous avons établi leur tendance à nier le fait de l'infiltration soviétique dans le département d'État américain. De leur côté, les républicains ont profité du cas de Hiss pour démontrer l'incompétence du président Truman dans la gestion des affaires d'État. Il est intéressant de noter que, à la suite de l'avènement du républicain Dwight D. Eisenhower à la présidence en 1953, un changement marqué d'opinions quant à l'affaire Hiss s'opère ainsi que l'attitude des deux partis envers le communisme. Les démocrates, en fait, se mettent à accuser l'administration en place d'inaptitude dans l'éradication des espions et des communistes. En ayant recours à une stratégie similaire à celle utilisée par les républicains à l'époque Truman, ceux-ci n'entachent toutefois guère la réputation d'Eisenhower. Nous terminons en montrant que le nom d'Alger Hiss, vers la fin de la présidence Eisenhower, s'avère le symbole de la corruption soviétique et de l'espionnage durant cette période marquante de la Guerre Froide. -
(Iowa City, Iowa), 1948-08-04
,Wally Ris a Winner Again " The Weather Today Wally Ris wins again on world record Partly cloudy today. Fair tomorrow. High breaking 800-meter relay team. Story on today 82; low 58. Yesterday's high 75; low Sports Page. at owan 61. Established J86S-Vol. 80, No. 263-AP News and Wirephoto Iowa City. Iowa, Wednesday, Aug. 4, 1945-Five Centa G'OP Readies limited. Inflation" Control law * * * Soulh Sia lis Had Yen ·tor Yen, No Craze for Blaze Bill Would 1'OKY (JP)--.Japane police at Hiroshima, investigating lin ar on' ca e, qUeRtioned 1\ neig-hbor. No, he insi ted, he hadn't On Poll Tax; stsrt d any fil'c. All he had ever done was rob that bank mes Re-Establish s nger last fall of half Ii milJion yen. H e 01 0 told officers XII t1~, how he'd managed the robbery Taff Slumped which police had nevcr----------------------------- b en able to solv , Credil (onlrol WASHmGTON (JP)The southern WASHINGTON {JP) - Republi. filibuster against a bill to repeal can leaders reached an agreement the poll tax droned on yesterday Guard ·Insures Peace last night to start a lI.miLed anti wlth Senator Hill of Alabama inflation bill rolling through con reading the history of the con greSB today_ stitution In a slow Dixie drawl. The alTeement Wall announc Senator Tllet (R-Ohio) has said AI Univis Lens Plant ed b,. Senator Tall (R-Ohlo), tbat in his opinion it is "absolutelY chaIrman of the senate GOP impossible" to break the filibuster. DAYTON, OHIO (JP)- Peact.'----en{orc ct by national guard guns, POlle,. -
GARDNER JACKSON Papers, 1912
GARDNER JACKSON Papers, 1912-1965 Accession Numbers: 73-8, 84-2, 86-15 The papers of Gardner Jackson, consultant, government official, labor aide, newspaper reporter, researcher, and writer, were donated to the Library by his wife, Dorothy S. Jackson in three separate groups which have been integrated. Description: The papers include general, family, and financial correspondence; subject files; files on the Robert Marshall Foundation and Civil Liberties Trust; Sacco-Vanzetti files; speeches and articles; and printed material. Quantity: 46 feet Restrictions: Material that might constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy or libel of living persons has been closed. Copyright: Mrs. Jackson retains copyright interests in the papers for her lifetime. After her death, interests in the papers will be donated to the United States Government. \\\"? C~'>;,ll \~ Related Materials: President's Official, Personal, and Secretary's Files Paul Appleby Papers Francis Biddle Papers Mordecai Ezekiel Papers Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Rexford Tugwell Papers Claude Wickard Papers GARDNER JACKSON BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Hl96 Born, Colorado Springs, Colorado. 1914 - 17 Attended Amherst College. ' 1918 Discharged from United States Army. 1919 Attended Columbia University. 1919- 20 With investment firm of Boetcher, Porter and Co., Denver. 1920 Reporter with Denver Times. 1920- 26 Editorial writer and reporter, Boston Globe. 1926 - 30 Publicizer of and strategy adviser for the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense and Memorial Committees. 1926- 30 Also attended some classes at Harvard University as a "Special Student." 1931 - 33 Washington, D. C. correspondent for Hontreal Star, Toronto Star, and Toronto Telegram. 1933 - 35 Assistant Consumer's Counsel in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. 1935 - 37 Associated with Research Associates. -
An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century Julia S
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2015 An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century Julia S. Shively Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Shively, Julia S., "An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century" (2015). Honors Theses. 391. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/391 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century By Julia S. Shively ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History Union College June, 2015 Chapter 1: Spies Before the War The Soviet Union and the United States have always had a complicated relationship. When the Bolshevik Revolution of 1921 brought the communist party to power in Russia, the United States government did not recognize the new regime. The communist ideologies of the newly established state did not line up well with the democratic ideals of the United States. These new communist principles threatened the strength of the American system, as labor disputes and the Great Depression gave citizens reason to question capitalism’s effectiveness. The fear of this system grew as the world progressed through the twentieth century when the Soviet Union shifted from ally to enemy in all but a few years. -
October Term, 1947
— OCTOBER TERM, 1947 STATISTICS Original Appellate Misc. Total Number of cases on docket- 12 879 579 1,470 Oases disposed of _ 0 772 567 1, 339 Remaining on docket 12 107 12 131 Cases disposed of By written opinions 143 By per curiam opinions 65 By motion to dismiss or per stipulation (merits cases) 9 By denial or dismissal of petitions for certiorari—Appel- late Docket 555 By denial or dismissal of petitions for certiorari—Miscel- laneous Docket 400 By denial or withdrawal of other applications—Miscel- laneous Docket 150 By transfer from Miscellaneous to Appellate Docket 17 Number of written opinions 110 Number of admissions to bar 1103 REFERENCE INDEX Pas« Stone, C. J., resolutions of the Bar presented 187 McReynolds, J., resolutions of the Bar presented 200 Philip B. Per] man, Solicitor General, presented 1 Sam M. Driver, United States District Judge, appointed a mem- ber of the Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure. _ 69 Miscellaneous Docket—established at the 1945 Term for the purpose of keeping a record, by number, of applications for habeas corpus, mandamus, etc., was enlarged at this term to include petitions for writs of certiorari filed in forma pau- peris. If certiorari granted case to be transferred to appel- late docket (No. 17 Misc.). 9 750009—48 92 II Page Special Terms of Court held for consideration of applications in capital cases—court met in conference room (Nos. 156 Misc., 512 Misc.) 56,258 Special Master to be appointed by the Chief Justice to make recommendations as to course of procedure to be followed (No. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 7 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
4844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 7 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Bimson Report and American Respon opportunity to participate at the time policy We can erect national barriers against is being formulated; the States have voiced sibility to the Indians trade and even against people. But the same complaint. there are no effective barriers against Further, the report goes on to urge disease. With the fantastic increase in EXTENSION OF REMARKS that- the speed ol transportation, tubercu o:r A continual and closer relationship should losis in Greece and leprosy in the Pacific HON. ED EDMONDSON be developed with a responsible organiza can touch us. Hoof-and-mouth disease tion of the Indians and the State govern and rinderpest halfway across the world OF OKLAHOMA ments. may mean the same epidemics here. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These are valid and praiseworthy ob As an example of what is being done to Wednesday, April 7, 1954 servations in a report filled with many safeguard us, the World Health Organi Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, on worthwhile comments-which unfortu zation has established an international what sensible basis can we judge the nately does not follow its own advice or warning system through a worldwide planning of the Interior Department with adhere to its own statement of basic chain of radio transmitters. Plague, regard to its own agencies? principles in some of its conclusions. cholera, smallpox or other dangerous Yesterday we voted for an appropria What is the Bimson report, anyway? diseases anywhere in the world are im tion bill providing additional millions for Who is responsible for it? mediately reported to WHO. -
Building the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union
REVOLT IN THE FIELDS: BUILDING THE SOUTHERN TENANT FARMERS’ UNION IN THE OLD SOUTHWEST By MATTHEW F. SIMMONS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Matthew F. Simmons To my spouse, Vivian ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank his dissertation chair, Dr. Paul Ortiz, for his unflagging support and always timely advice throughout the course of this project. I also extend a special thank you to the other members of my dissertation committee: Dr. William Link, Dr. Matthew Jacobs, and Dr. Sharon Austin. Dr. Michael Honey deserves special recognition for his willingness to serve as an off-campus, external member of the dissertation committee. I am grateful to my parents for teaching me the value of education early in life and providing constant support and encouragement. Finally, I offer an especially large thank to my wonderful wife Vivian, whose willingness to assist me in any way possible insured the timely completion of this project. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1 DEVIL’S BREW: RACE, LABOR, AND THE DREAM OF LANDED INDEPENDENCE ..................................................................................................... 8 2 HARDEST -
IWO) and Jewish People's Fraternal Order (JPFO)
Timeline International Workers’ Order (IWO) and Jewish People's Fraternal Order (JPFO) Fellow Travelers: From Popular Front to Cold War. Selections from the ILR School Catherwood Library Archives of the Yiddish Immigrant Left 1881: March 13, Assassination of Czar Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya followed by institution of repressive measures against Jews by his son Czar Alexander III (May Laws of May 15, 1882) 1885: November 16–19, Pittsburgh Platform. U.S. Reform movement adopted classic German Jewish Reform religious tenets 1892: Arbeter Ring (Workmen’s Circle) founded in New York; becomes a national organization, September 4, 1900 1897: August 29–31, First Zionist World Congress held in Basel, Switzerland 1897: October 7, The Jewish Labor Bund in Lithuania, Russia and Poland, founded in Vilnius 1897: April 22, Der Forverts newspaper founded in New York by Abraham Cahan, Louis Miller and Morris Winchevsky. Expelled from Daniel DeLeon’s Socialist Labor Party (SLP, they eventually migrate to the Socialist Party of America associated with Eugene V. Debs and Victor Berger 1889: July 14, The First Congress of the Second International held in Paris, France 1889: More of DeLeon’s opponents (Morris Hillquit) leave the SLP and move eventually to Debs’ Socialist Party of America 1891: March, Jews expelled from Moscow (~5,000 merchants received residency permits) 1903: April 19-20, Kishinev Pogroms. Over 600 pogroms sweep the Russian Empire between 1903-1906 1905: The Jewish Socialist Agitation Bureau founded in New York 1905: September 5, Treaty of Portsmouth signed acknowledging Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War 1905: October 30, Manifesto signed by Czar Nicholas II in response to the Russian Revolution of 1905 1908: Dos Naye Leben publication founded in New York by Dr. -
Guide to the Congressional Papers (1947-1950)
Guide to the Congressional Papers (1947-1950) Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum Contact Information Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum ATTN: Archives 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard Yorba Linda, California 92886 Phone: (714) 983-9120 Fax: (714) 983-9111 E-mail: [email protected] Processed by: Susan Naulty and Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace archive staff Date Completed: April, 2005 Table Of Contents Descriptive Summary 3 Administrative Information 4 Biography 5 Scope and Content Summary 6 Related Collections 6 Container List 7 2 Descriptive Summary Title: Congressional Papers Creator: Office of Representative Richard M. Nixon House Office Building, Washington D.C. Extent: 9 linear feet (17 doc. boxes) Repository: Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard Yorba Linda, California 92886 Abstract: Rep. Richard Nixon’s Congressional papers including correspondence with constituents and other government officials as well as documents pertaining to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), the Hiss-Chambers Case and the Herter Committee. 3 Administrative Information Access: Open Publication Rights: Copyright held by Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace Foundation Preferred Citation: Folder title. Box #. Congressional Papers. Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace Foundation, Yorba Linda, California. Acquisition Information: Gift of Richard M. Nixon Processing History: Collection processing initiated by Susan Naulty prior to 2003, completed by Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace archive staff in April, 2005. 4 Biography Richard Nixon ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Jerry Voorhis in 1946 at the suggestion of the California Republican Party’s “Committee of 100” and won a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He remained in the House for two terms (1947-48 and 1949-50), serving on the House Education & Labor Committee and playing an active role on the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC).