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Wartime Forestry and the “Low Temperature Lifestyle” in Late Colonial Korea, 1937–1945
The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 77, No. 2 (May) 2018: 333–350. © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc., 2018 doi:10.1017/S0021911817001371 Wartime Forestry and the “Low Temperature Lifestyle” in Late Colonial Korea, 1937–1945 DAVID FEDMAN This article examines the emergence in colonial Korea of a command economy for forestry products following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45). It does so, first, by tracing the policy mechanisms through which the colonial state commandeered forest products, especially timber, firewood, and charcoal. Second, through an analysis of the wartime promotion of a “low temperature lifestyle,” it offers a thumbnail sketch of the lived experiences and corporeal consequences of state-led efforts to rationalize fuel consumption. Considered together, these lines of analysis offer insight into not only the ecological implications of war on the Korean landscape, but also the bodily privations that defined everyday life under total war—what might be called the “slow violence” of caloric control. Keywords: colonialism, energy, forestry, fuel, Japan, Korea, ondol, war HE OUTBREAK OF THE Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937 precipitated a breakneck Tmobilization of Korea’s resources—military, industrial, and sylvan. Confronted with a newfound demand for war material, the Government-General of Korea (Chōsen Sōtokufu, hereafter GGK) ramped up the production of timber, charcoal, and a host of chemical components. To facilitate this push, the Major Industries Control Law was extended from the metropole to Korea, thereby tightening the colonial state’s grip on key war industries. A slate of laws thereafter restructured Korea’s heavy industrial base so as to meet the requirements of its so-called “national defense economy.” The colonial state likewise intensified its ideological efforts to enlist Korean subjects into service of the war effort. -
© Copyright 2017 Chung Ho
© Copyright 2017 Chung Ho Kim Community Resilience of the Korean New Village Movement, 1970-1979: Historical Interpretation and Resilience Assessment Chung Ho Kim A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Daniel B. Abramson, Chair Stevan Harrell Kenneth P. Yocom Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Urban Design and Planning University of Washington Abstract Community Resilience of the Korean New Village Movement, 1970-1979: Historical Interpretation and Resilience Assessment Chung Ho Kim This dissertation investigates the Korean New Village Movement (Saemaul Undong, New Rural Community Movement, or the KNVM) driven by the strong top-down leadership of President Park, Chung-hee in the 1970s. As a reaction to rapid Korean urbanization, the KNVM supported rural villages, transformed long-standing human settlements rapidly, and created social- ecological sudden changes of population and resource management. In this context, I investigate community resilience of rural villages supported by the KNVM in the 1970s to rapid urbanization through a framework of social-ecological resilience. This dissertation is structured in five parts with corresponding objectives: 1) to present a comprehensive research framework to interpret and assess the KNVM’s community resilience to rapid urbanization; 2) to identify the KNVM’s rationale, historical progress, and transformation of built environments, by comparing and contrasting the KNVM’s national-scale plans with village- scale projects based on sample villages; 3) to interpret the KNVM’s transformation in terms of human settlements, contextualizing it with Korean traditional houses and villages; 4) and 5) to assess the community resilience of rural villages supported by the KNVM to rapid urbanization in two dimensions of demography and ecology, addressing the cross-scale and cross-sectoral interaction of the KNVM to population change and resource management change. -
The Ondol Problem and the Politics of Forest Conservation in Colonial Korea David Fedman
The Ondol Problem and the Politics of Forest Conservation in Colonial Korea David Fedman This article examines the ondol—the cooking stove–cum–heated floor system conven- tional to Korean dwellings—as a site of contestation over forest management, fuel consumption, and domestic life in colonial Korea. At once a provider of heat essential to survival in an often frigid peninsula and, in the eyes of colonial officials, ground zero of deforestation, the ondol garnered tremendous interest from an array of reformers determined to improve the Korean home and its hearth. Foresters were but one party to a far-reaching debate (involving architects, doctors, and agrono- mists) over how best to domesticate heat in the harsh continental climate. By tracing the contours of this debate, this article elucidates the multitude of often-conflicting interests inherent to state-led interventions in household fuel economies: what the au- thor calls the politics of forest conservation in colonial Korea. In focusing on efforts to regulate the quotidian rhythms of energy consumption, it likewise investigates the material underpinnings of everyday life—a topic hitherto overlooked in extant schol- arship on forestry and empire alike. Keywords: ondol, forestry, fuel, architecture Few fixtures of Koreans’ everyday life elicited as much comment from sojourners to turn-of-the-century Korea as the ondol (literally, warm stone), the cooking stove– cum–radiant-heated floor system used in homes across the country. Like the white garments traditionally worn by Koreans, the ondol was routinely high- lighted as a distinctive feature of life in the often frigid peninsula, where the David Fedman is assistant professor of Japanese and Korean history at the University of California, Irvine. -
January - April 2021 소 식
` 아 시 아 소 사 이 어 티 코 리 아 January - April 2021 소 식 Issue No. 39 HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MANILA MELBOURNE A newsletter published as a membership service of Asia Society Korea MUMBAI NEW YORK Asia Society Korea Become a Member Now! Lotte Hotel Seoul, Suite 615 For more information about our membership, SAN FRANCISCO 30 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu please contact us or visit our website at SEOUL Seoul, Korea 04533, CPO Box 3500 www.asiasociety.org/korea. SYDNEY Tel: 82 2 759 7806 Fax: 82 2 757 0034 Asia Society TOKYO Follow @Asiasocietykr Korea Center Email: [email protected] WASHINGTON D.C. ZURICH Webinars Korea's Relations With Southeast Asia: The State of Play Jaehyon Lee, senior fellow in the ASEAN and Oceania Studies Center at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies (right), Mason Richey, senior contributor of Asia Society Korea and associate professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (center), and Chiew-Ping Hoo, senior lecturer at the National University of Malaysia (right). February 18, 2021 ㅡ Asia Society Korea hosted its first webinar of 2021 with Chiew-Ping Hoo, senior lecturer at the National University of Malaysia (UKM), and Jaehyon Lee, senior fellow in the ASEAN and Oceania Studies Center at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies, discussing Korea-Southeast Asia cooperation as well as the impact of Myanmar incident in the region. Mason Richey, senior contributor of Asia Society Korea and associate professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, led the discussion. BTS and Beyond Bernie Cho, president of DFSB Kollective (top left), Youngdae Kim (Ph.D.), music critic and ethnomusicologist (top right), Jae Chong, APAC Music Industry executive (bottom left), and Tamar Herman, senior culture reporter at South China Morning Post (bottom right). -
International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 2449-7444 Volume 2/2016 International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences Institute of Linguistics Faculty of Modern Languages and Literature Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poland INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY www.korea.amu.edu.pl http://legiling-korean1.home.amu.edu.pl/ [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Editors-in-chief: Kyong-geun Oh Co-editors: Kang Sok Cho and Aleksandra Matulewska Secretary: Emilia Wojtasik External Members of the Editorial Board: Jerzy Bańczerowski (Poznań College of Modern Languages, Poland) Mansu Kim (Inha University in Incheon, Korea) Marek Matulewski (Poznań School of Logistics, Poland) Jong-seong Park (Korea National Open University, Korea) Section editors for humanities: Jerzy Bańczerowski (linguistics), Jong-seong Park and Kyong-geun Oh (literature) for social sciences: Marek Matulewski Linguistic editors: Kyong-geun Oh for Korean, William Strnad for English, Piotr Wierzchoń for Polish Technical editors: Aleksandra Matulewska and Emilia Wojtasik Editorial Office International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences Institute of Linguistics Adam Mickiewicz University al. Niepodległości 4, pok. 218B 61-874 Poznań, Poland [email protected] Copyright by Institute of Linguistics Printed in Poland ISSN 2449-7444 Nakład 100 Egz. Redakcja i skład: AM Druk: Zakład Graficzny Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza 2 Table of Contents 3 Foreword in English 7 Foreword in Korean 9 LITERATURE Mansu KIM Aspects of Korean Literature according 11 to the Stage of Economic Growth: Focused on the Views of America Kang Sok CHO The Recognition and Representation 25 of Poland in Modern Korean Literature – Fo- cusing on 2 Novels Written in Colonial Period CULTURE Magdalena AŁTYN Dispute between Chinese and 35 Korean Researchers Concerning Territorial Af- filiation of the Koguryo Kingdom in the Light of Archeological Excavation Hye Seung LEE Tradition of Korean Landscape. -
The Korean Onggi Potter
Frontispiece. Korean onggi peddlers, ca. 1900. (Courtesy Library of Congress, Carpenter Collection no. 25259.) Smithsonian Folklife Studies • Number 5 SO A The Korean Onggi Potter Robert Sayers with Ralph Rinzler ISSUED JUL 1 5 1S87 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, D.C. 1987 Abstract Sayers, Robert. The Korean Onggi Potter. Smithsonian Folklife Studies, num ber 5, 292 pages, frontispiece plus 117 figures, 1987.—Korea's onggi potters, producers of a class of domestic food jars used to prepare and store soy sauce, kimch'i, and other diet staples, work even yet in circumstances reminiscent of those prevailing during the Yi dynasty (1392-1910). Not only their repertoire of tools and techniques but the very conditions by which they live and organize themselves into work groups mirror those described in nineteenth century accounts. In this study, we consider the history of the onggi industry, exploring a link between the artisans and a community of religious dissenters driven into hiding nearly 200 years ago. We also discuss the extant ware forms and their practical uses and report on the state of the contemporary industry as indicated in field survey data collected at 11 workshops in six South Korean provinces. A bibliography of Korean, Japanese, and Western language sources on onggi accompanies the text. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sayers, Robert The Korean onggi potter (Smithsonian folklife studies ; no. 5) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.43:5 1.