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It Comes from the People: Community Development and Local Theology. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56639-212-8 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 408P.; Photographs May Not Reproduce Adequately DOCUMENT RESUME ED 391 629 RC 026 443 AUTHOR Hinsdale, Mary Ann; And Others TITLE It Comes from the People: Community Development and Local Theology. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56639-212-8 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 408p.; Photographs may not reproduce adequately. AVAILABLE FROMTemple University Press, 1601 N. Broad St., USB-Room 305, Philadelphia, PA 19122 (clothbound, ISBN-I-56639-211-X; paperback, ISBN-1-56639-212-8). PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Community Action; Community Development; *Community Education; *Community Leaders; *Consciousness Raising; Cultural Activities; *Females; Participatory Research; *Religious Factors; Rural Areas; Small Towns; Values IDENTIFIERS Bible Study; Community Renewal; Liberation Theology; Rituals; *Virginia (Ivanhoe) ABSTRACT The closing of local mines and factories collapsed the economic and social structure of Ivanhoe, Virginia, a small rural town once considered a dying community. This book is a case study that tells how the people of Ivanhoe organized to revitalize their town. It documents the community development process--a process that included hard work, a community consciousness raising experience that was intentionally sinsitive to cultural and religious values, and many conflicts. It tells the story.of the emergence and education of leaders, especially women, and the pain and joy of their growing and learning. Among these leaders is Maxine Waller,*a dominant, charismatic woman who gave the townspeople inspiration and a sense of their capabilities and of their rights as human beings. Part I covers the community development process and includes chapters on historical background, community mobilization, confrnnting and using power, community education, using culture in corlimuniLy development, leadership and organizational development, and the relationship between insiders and outsiders in participatory research. The chapter on education describes how a community needs survey led to the creation of the community education center--a place for GED classes, literacy tutoring, job training workshops, and community college classes. Part II describes and analyzes Ivanhoe's local theology, focusing on Bible study and reflection sessions, community rituals, the role of women, and the role of the church in community development. An appendix discusses context and methodology and approaches related to participatory research, feminist theory, anthropological ritual studies, and liberation theology. An index is included. (SV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** r4 . r r , ...1 .1 .(N .1 e==ii if ( ON r U3 DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION en Office of Educational Re Select, Sod I.C.0.* Men! j R EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION c, CENTER IERICI at Jr-1 I 14 Thm 00iCurneof Oat been recircelleccl as ,.c.,..d hoe, the 0111,1100 0, Organization J orqpnatmg a 0 IlAnor changes hare Cain rnao to Roomy* ' tettrOduchon rummy Porros of we* o, oOrT.Oott stated ,n IN* accu mint cso 001 ,filtClifeafile receesnt official "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS OERI posattoo or po.oy MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY Sra. -;:e TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES 411%.2.1 INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" ni r - cP4-TY-1,,::-.7,75,1 :',plief,4. .--A' ;#4*,),,':''' 4' .".....,. i -1r ,.4 ,.,,24, 704 ,x,:::44%. , r'' !::*'..."..,,...*': --'..'174;*':kt--,:1*1,-"F"'eLl.~7 . g Community .. ..._ 0....-- ry Alinlipsciale , ,i. 4..-- t Development . ..... Helen Lewis v-44 and -; .,,,..t. , f':'''" and Local Theology S. Maxine Waller C-2__Lssr,comvoLaijI.r8pLE It Comes from the People Mary Ann Hinsdale, Helen M. Lewis, and S. Maxine Waller It Comes from the People Community Development and Local Theology Temple University Press Philadelphia 4.1 Temple University Press, Philadelphia 19122 Copyright © 1995 by Temple University. All rights reserved Published 1995 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984® Lihrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hinsdale. Mary Ann. It comes from the people : community development and local theology / Mary Ann Hinsdale, Helen M. Lewis, and S. Maxine Waller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56639-211-X (alk. paper). ISBN 1-56639-212-8 (pbk.) 1. Rural developmentVirginialvanhoe.2. Church and social problemsVirginialvanhoe.I. Lewis, Helen Matthews. II. Waller, S. Maxine, 1949- . III. Title. HN79.V83C645 1995 307.1'412'09755773dc20 93-45600 Excerpts and photos from the Ivanhoe History Project.Remembering Our Past. Building Our Future,vol.1. andTelling Our Stories, Sharing Our Lives,vol. 2, and excerpts from plays, newsletters, songs, and Bible Reflections in thc Ivanhoe Civic League Archives are used by permission of thc Ivanhoe Civic League.Southwest VirginiaEnwrprise photos arc used by permission of the Ivanhoe Civic League and the Southwest Virginia Enterprise. Interview excerpts are used by permission of Monica Kelly Appleby, Robert E. Billingsley, Arlene K. Blair, Donald R. Blair, Linda Copeland, F.ula Jefferson, Doris King, P. Clare Mc Brien, Mary May, Osa Price, Eleanor V. Scott, Carole Anne Shockley, Geneva Waller. and Coolidge Winesett. Quotations from Helen M. Lewis et al., eds..Picking Up the Pieces: Women In and Out of Work in theRural South (New Market, Tern: Highlander Research and Education Center, 1986) are used by permission of the Highlander Research Center. The poems opening Chapter Two and Chapter Three arc used by permission of Arlene K. Blair. The song "Ivanhoe: My Homctown" on pp. 57-58 and 224-25 is used by permission of Dot Jackson Bourne. Portions of Chapter Eight appeared in Mary Ann Hinsdale, "Surfacing Local Theologyin Appalachia: The Use of Participatory Research in Theological Reflection," Missialop 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 155-72. Used by permission. The song "Jesus by Our Side" on p. 223 is used by permission of Linda Viars. The diary excerpt opening Chapter Twelve is used by permission of Erica Kohl. t/r: The "Mr. Roy" monologue on pp. 354-55 is used by permission of Sherry L. Jennings. Contents ForewordRobert McAfee Brown vii PrefaceLouis F. McNeil xi Acknowledgments xiii IntroductionMary Ann Hinsdale and Helen M. Lewis 1 Part I. The Community Development Process: A Case Study Helen M. Lewis9 OneHistorical Background 11 TwoOrganizing and Mobilizing the Community 42 ThreeConfronting and Using Power65 FourGetting Educated 79 FiveUsing Culture in Community Development 102 SixLeadership and Organizational Development 127 SevenInsiders, Outsiders, and Participatory Research 153 Part II. Local Theology in a Rural Mountain Community Mary Ann Hinsdale 173 EightReading and Using the Bible 175 vi Contents NineTheology from the People209 TenRitual and Ethics 234 ElevenEmerging Women's Voices: "Unlearning to Not Speak" 254 TwelveMinistry: Within and Without 283 ThirteenThe Churches and Community Development301 Part III. Epilogue Mary Ann Hinsdale, Helen M. Lewis, and S. Maxine Waller 327 Appendixes A. Context and Methodology Mary Ann Hinsdale and Helen M. Lewis 339 B. Scenes and Songs from It Came from Within Ivanhoe Civic League 349 Notes 359 Index 391 Foreword The best way to categorize these pages is to insist that they defycategorization. This does not reduce them to a mishmash; rather, it suggests that they exem- plify a new and gradually emerging stylean attempt to write aboutpeople that recognizes the overlapping impact of personal interviews, history,theol- ogy, storytelling, sociology, news reporting,observation, participation, and hu- man interaction (not only among the charactersdepicted but also among the three authors themselves). Take away any of the above ingredientsand the story suffers; emphasize one or another ingredient andthe whole is enriched. This is theology done not in a corner but "in the midst." This approach has the added advantage that whatever perspective thereader brings to the pages provides a satisfactory initial means of access tothe whole. One will not be floundering in the dark, wondering when and wherethe action starts; it is action from page one. So we have: the roller-coaster history of a small town, Ivanhoe,Virginia, with enough lessons learned the hard way to help other small townssurvive similar times of travail; the extended portrait of a dominant,charismatic woman, Maxine Waller, who gives the townspeople a senseof both their capa- bilities and their rights as human beings and inspires them by herleadership, her energy, her courage, and even her metaphors; a spectrumof involvements by church and community organizations that runs the gamut fromeffectiveness to disaster; a courageous method of "doing theology,"removing it from the classroom and library and scholarly domains (where it is oftenconfined) and demonstrating how (the book title has it exactly right) "it comes fromthe peo- ple," that is vibrantly local rather than passively universal; asociological pro- jectior, that challenges faulty distinctions between observers andparticipants. And ot top of that, and much more, we have a rollicking ifsometimes tragic story full of hopes, promises, disappointments,fresh starts, setbacks, optimistic pessirr ism and pessimistic optimism, along with unexpected twistsand turns in the plot and character
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