DOCSLIB.ORG

Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata (Dumont) G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata (Dumont) G Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don) Description for wildlife. Chinese lespedeza has A member of the pea family, Chinese spread throughout the south and lespedeza is an herbaceous to some- parts of the Midwest. In Virginia, it what woody perennial. Stems have is found in most of the state, but is numerous ascending branches which particularly common in the piedmont may grow 3 to 5 feet high. Leaves and coastal plain. are compound; each leaf has three leaflets. Leaflets are wedge-shaped Threats to oblong, and are green or some- Chinese lespedeza forms dense times silvery. Flowers occur close to stands which choke out native plant the stem at the bases of the upper species. Like many other members and median leaves. The flowers may of the pea family, it adds nitrogen to be solitary or in clusters of 2 - 4. the soil resulting in a richer soil. This Petals are less than half an inch long, may encourage further infestation by creamy white with violet-purple other non-native plant species to the streaks or veins. The seed pod, called exclusion of native species adapted a legume, is flattened and oval. An- to poor soil conditions. other common name for Chinese les- pedeza is sericea, a name which re- Control fers to the silky silvery undersides Chinese lespedeza’s root reserves Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata of the leaves. are low during the flower bud pe- (Dumont) G. Don) riod. Mowing at this time will reduce Habitat plant vigor and prevent the produc- tions, and the effective method and tion of more seed. This process re- timing of their application. Chinese lespedeza is commonly peated for 2 - 3 years should reduce Chinese lespedeza seeds can re- found in sparse woodlands, fields, the intensity of the infestation. main viable in the soil for many meadows, roadsides and disturbed Foliar application of a years. Fire appears to break seed open ground. Chinese lespedeza may glyphosate herbicide is effective late dormancy in Chinese Lespedeza in form dense stands on sterile eroded in the growing season while plants seedlings with lower viability. There- slopes. It is drought-resistant. are still green. Glyphosate herbicides fore, prescribed burning used to are recommended because they are force the seeds to germinate fol- Distribution biodegradable. However, glyphosate lowed by mechanical or chemical This plant was first introduced into is a nonselective systemic herbicide treatments may provide long term the southern United States from that affects all green vegetation. To control. eastern Asia. It has been used for be safe and effective herbicide use Contact an agricultural exten- erosion control, soil improvement, requires careful knowledge of the sion agent or natural resource spe- and as a source of food and cover chemicals, appropriate concentra- cialist for more information. For more information, contact the Department of Conservation and Recreation or the Virginia Native Plant Society. Virginia Native Plant Society P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22030 203 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-7951 http://www.state.va.us/~dcr/vaher.html Invasive Alien Plant Species of Vir ginia Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don) Alternatives to Chinese Lespedeza for wildlife. Big bluestem Inland Fisheries, P.O. Box 11104, Native plant species are commer- (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass Richmond, VA 23230-11041. cially available which provide ero- (Sorghastrum nutans), and sideoats For more information on this and sion control, soil improvement, and grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) are other invasive plant species, contact food and cover for wildlife but are native warm season grasses which the Virginia Native Plant Society or not invasive to natural landscapes. provide food and cover for wildlife the Virginia Department of Conser- Roundheaded bushclover (Lespe- such as quail, rabbit and songbirds. vation and Recreation at the ad- deza capitata) and partridge pea More information on native dresses below. (Cassia fasciculata) are two native warm season grasses recommended Illustration from New Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeast U.S. and Adjacent Canada, by species which enrich the soil with for wildlife can be obtained from the H.H. Gleason, New York Botanical Gardens Scientific nitrogen as well as provide forage Virginia Department of Game and Publications. Used with permission. For more information, contact the Department of Conservation and Recreation or the Virginia Native Plant Society. Virginia Native Plant Society P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22030 203 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-7951 http://www.state.va.us/~dcr/vaher.html.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Invasive Weeds of the Appalachian Region
    $10 $10 PB1785 PB1785 Invasive Weeds Invasive Weeds of the of the Appalachian Appalachian Region Region i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………...i How to use this guide…………………………………ii IPM decision aid………………………………………..1 Invasive weeds Grasses …………………………………………..5 Broadleaves…………………………………….18 Vines………………………………………………35 Shrubs/trees……………………………………48 Parasitic plants………………………………..70 Herbicide chart………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………..73 Index………………………………………………………..76 AUTHORS Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill, Extension Assistant, The University of Tennessee Gregory R. Armel, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist for Invasive Weeds, The University of Tennessee Robert J. Richardson, Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, North Caro- lina State University G. Neil Rhodes, Jr., Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, The University of Ten- nessee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all the individuals and organizations who have contributed their time, advice, financial support, and photos to the crea- tion of this guide. We would like to specifically thank the USDA, CSREES, and The Southern Region IPM Center for their extensive support of this pro- ject. COVER PHOTO CREDITS ii 1. Wavyleaf basketgrass - Geoffery Mason 2. Bamboo - Shawn Askew 3. Giant hogweed - Antonio DiTommaso 4. Japanese barberry - Leslie Merhoff 5. Mimosa - Becky Koepke-Hill 6. Periwinkle - Dan Tenaglia 7. Porcelainberry - Randy Prostak 8. Cogongrass - James Miller 9. Kudzu - Shawn Askew Photo credit note: Numbers in parenthesis following photo captions refer to the num- bered photographer list on the back cover. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Tabs: Blank tabs can be found at the top of each page. These can be custom- ized with pen or marker to best suit your method of organization. Examples: Infestation present On bordering land No concern Uncontrolled Treatment initiated Controlled Large infestation Medium infestation Small infestation Control Methods: Each mechanical control method is represented by an icon.
    [Show full text]
  • Desmodium Cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon Large-Bracted Tick-Trefoil
    New England Plant Conservation Program Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon Large-bracted Tick-trefoil Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Lynn C. Harper Habitat Protection Specialist Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Westborough, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, 2002 SUMMARY Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon (Fabaceae) is a tall, herbaceous, perennial legume that is regionally rare in New England. Found most often in dry, open, rocky woods over circumneutral to calcareous bedrock, it has been documented from 28 historic and eight current sites in the three states (Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts) where it is tracked by the Natural Heritage programs. The taxon has not been documented from Maine. In Connecticut and Rhode Island, the species is reported but not tracked by the Heritage programs. Two current sites in Connecticut are known from herbarium specimens. No current sites are known from Rhode Island. Although secure throughout most of its range in eastern and midwestern North America, D. cuspidatum is Endangered in Vermont, considered Historic in New Hampshire, and watch-listed in Massachusetts. It is ranked G5 globally. Very little is understood about the basic biology of this species. From work on congeners, it can be inferred that there are likely to be no problems with pollination, seed set, or germination. As for most legumes, rhizobial bacteria form nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of D. cuspidatum. It is unclear whether there have been any changes in the numbers or distribution of rhizobia capable of forming effective mutualisms with D.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) Invasion
    SERICEA LESPEDEZA (LESPEDEZA CUNEATA) INVASION: IMPLICATIONS FOR A SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AND THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL FIRE HISTORY By JEFFREY M. HOWARD Bachelor of Science in Fish and Wildlife Biology Northeastern State University Tahlequah, OK 1998 Master of Science in Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, TN 2000 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2013 SERICEA LESPEDEZA (LESPEDEZA CUNEATA) INVASION: IMPLICATIONS FOR A SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AND THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL FIRE HISTORY Dissertation Approved: Kristen A. Baum, Ph.D. Dissertation Adviser Barney Luttbeg, Ph.D. Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, Ph.D. Janette A. Steets, Ph.D. ii Name: JEFFREY M. HOWARD Date of Degree: DECEMBER 2013 Title of Study: SERICEA LESPEDEZA (LESPEDEZA CUNEATA) INVASION: IMPLICATIONS FOR A SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AND THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL FIRE HISTORY Major Field: ZOOLOGY Abstract: Lespedeza cuneata [(Dumont) G. Don] is a perennial legume first introduced to North America from eastern Asia in 1896 and is now widespread and well established across much of the eastern and central United States. Possible impacts of invasion and mechanisms of spread however are poorly understood. I assessed the influence of three L. cuneata cover classes (i.e., < 5%, 15 – 20%, and > 25% per m2) on a small mammal community in eastern Oklahoma (February 2010 to December 2011). I also examined the relationship between local fire history and L. cuneata cover and also considered the effect of plant invasion on the vegetation community in these same areas. My results indicate small mammal community diversity decreased with increasing L.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean Lespedeza and in the Leaf Axils All Along the Stem in Contributed By: USDA NRCS Northeast Plant Common Lespedeza
    Plant Fact Sheet Weed information is also available from the KOREAN PLANTS Web site at plants.usda.gov. LESPEDEZA Description Kummerowia stipulacea Korean and common lespedeza (Kummerowia striata) are introduced, annual, warm-season (Maxim.) Makino legumes. Flowers and seeds are borne in the leaf Plant Symbol = KUST axils at the tips of stems and branches in the Korean lespedeza and in the leaf axils all along the stem in Contributed by: USDA NRCS Northeast Plant common lespedeza. Two types of flowers are Materials Program produced. One is readily seen as purple-bluish and the other has no petals and is inconspicuous. Korean lespedeza has a much broader leaflet and stipule than common, and growth is generally larger and coarser. Common lespedeza grows more prostrate. The seed varies from the shiny black of Korean to the stippled seed of common. There are approximately 343,000 seeds per pound of common lespedeza and 240,000 seeds per pound of Korean lespedeza. Adaptation and Distribution Korean is better adapted than common lespedeza in the North because of its shorter life cycle. Both types grow in a pH range of 4.5-7.0, but do best at 6.0-6.5. Common lespedeza (cultivar ‘Kobe’) is more tolerant of acid soils. They both grow in soil textures ranging from sands to clays and at fertility levels from low to high. From Delaware Wildflowers Korean lespedeza is distributed throughout the midwest and eastern United States. For a current Alternate Names distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. page for this species on the PLANTS Website.
    [Show full text]
  • Lespedeza Bicolor (Shrub Lespedeza, Bicolor Lespedeza)
    No. 17 April 2010 Lespedeza bicolor (Shrub Lespedeza, Bicolor Lespedeza) Initial Introduction and Expansion in Range Introduced to the United States in the late 1800s from Japan, Lespedeza bicolor now occurs throughout most of the Southeast from Arkansas to Maryland, and south to Florida and Texas. It can be found statewide in North Carolina. It was introduced primarily to provide food and cover for bobwhite quail and other popular, upland, game birds. Additional uses include erosion control, stabilization along stream banks and steep slopes, and landscaping for borders and hedges. The ability of this plant to fix nitrogen has also resulted in its use for re-vegetation of disturbed, infertile sites, particularly areas that have been burned. As with other species of Lespedeza, it responds positively to burning, enabling this plant to outcompete native plants on sites that have been disturbed by fire. The seeds of L. bicolor are readily dispersed by birds, allowing it to escape cultivation and invade open areas where it can form dense thickets that displace native vegetation. It is less common than L. cuneata (Sericea, Korean, or Chinese lespedeza) which is still widely planted for erosion control and its alleged benefits for wildlife forage. Description and Biology • Upright, loosely branched deciduous shrub, 4 to 10 feet in height with many slender branches. • Leaves are compound in groups of three arranged alternately along the stem. • Rosy-purple, pea-like flowers appear in the late summer. • Small, black seeds singly produced in flat pods that open when mature. Seed maturity occurs from late September to early October.
    [Show full text]
  • Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife
    Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearance IowaAssociationofNaturalists Iowa Environmental Issues Series Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife Habitat and wildlife Iowa habitat owa was once a land dominated by prairie and scattered prairie I wetlands. Thick woodlands and forested wetlands bordered its rivers and streams and covered the rugged landscape of northeast Iowa. The numerous interior streams meandered their way to the great border rivers - the Mississippi and the Missouri. Since Euro-American settlement, however, the historic Iowa landscape has been drastically changed, replaced by farms, towns, and highways. The once dominant Iowa prairie has been reduced to Iowa’s most rare and endangered habitat. Habitat refers to the features of an area that allow a wildlife species to live there. Although some types of wildlife may have many specific habitat needs, all wildlife have four basic habitat requirements: • adequate supplies of the right types of food; • available structure and materials that provide shelter to serve as safe places to live and raise young; • accessible and adequate supplies of water; and • enough space to find these necessary resources and to exercise natural behavior. When a wildlife species can no longer find enough food, water, shelter, or space, its habitat has been lost. Wildlife habitat is lost when land is cleared, polluted, or otherwise altered. IowaAssociationofNaturalists 1 Iowa Habitat Loss and Disappearing Wildlife Habitat is often described in terms of biological communities or habitat types. In addition to prairies, other habitat types include woodlands, wetlands, and waterways such as rivers and streams. Like prairies, these habitat types also have been lost or altered.
    [Show full text]
  • Kummerowia Stipulacea, and K
    August 3, 2005 version Official Assessment of Lespedezas (including L. cuneata, L. bicolor, L. thunbergii, Kummerowia stipulacea, and K. striata) in Indiana’s Natural Areas Assessed July 6, 2004- by Ellen Jacquart, Gary Langell, Phil O’Connor, Lee Casebere, and Ed Guljas Answers are underlined, comments and discussion are in italics. Contents of the Assessment: Section I – Invasion Status. Determines whether the species being evaluated is invasive in Indiana. Section II – Ecological Impacts of Invasion. Evaluates the significance of impacts of the species. Section III – Potential for Expansion. Evaluates the actual and/or potential expansion of the species. Section IV – Difficulty of Management. Evaluates how hard it is to control the invasive species. Section V – Commercial Value. Evaluates how valuable the species is economically in Indiana. Questions in Sections I – V may direct you to one or more of the following sections for particular invasive species: Section A. For species which have impacts limited to a few sites, assesses the potential for further spread. Section B. For species which have medium impacts but high value, assesses whether species could be used in specific circumstances that would prevent escape and invasion. A worksheet for use with the assessment is found on page 10. The meeting started with a summary of the Asian lespdezas to be assessed. They fall into three groups: Sericea lespedeza: L. cuneata is a perennial lespedeza with woody stems, well known and planted for many years for wildlife purposes and for erosion control on poor soils. Most Indiana agencies have already stopped planting it or recommending it because of its aggressiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species of the Month for September 2019 Bicolor Lespedeza
    Invasive Species of the Month for September 2019 Botanical Terminology: Bicolor Lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor) Raceme – a type of flowering structure Origin: China with separate flowers attached to a central Introduction: First introduced as an ornamental species in the mid 1800s stem by short stalks. and promoted for erosion control, wildlife value, and mine reclamation in They will develop from the 1930s to 50s the bottom up. Interesting Fact: Bicolor Lespedeza was heavily promoted for Northern Bobwhite Quail in the 1950s. While quail do feed on the seeds, studies have shown that Bicolor Lespedeza does not provide great habitat for the birds. Description: Bicolor Lespedeza, also known as Shrub Lespedeza, is an herbaceous perennial in the Legume Family that can grow up to 10-12 ft. tall and wide. It has alternate, compound leaves and flowering racemes of red-purple flowers that turn into small single-seed pods when ripe. Defining characteristics: • Alternate, compound leaves with 3 leaflets per leaf • Leaves have lighter colored undersides • Flowering racemes of red-purple flowers at the end of branches in late Summer to early Fall • Fruit is small seedpods (legumes) with one seed per pod. Left Images: Bicolor Lespedeza flowers. Center Image: The underside of the leaves (note the lighter color) Right Images: The stem and leaves of Bicolor Lespedeza. Habitat: Disturbed areas, right-of-ways, forest edges, fallow fields, hedgerows, and prairies Above Image: A large Bicolor Lespedeza shrub in full bloom along Highway 41 in Sullivan County. Ecological threat: Bicolor Lespedeza can produce a significant amount of seed and has a high germination rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plants in Indiana
    Other Invasives in Indiana What Can We Do? Although many are still commonly available Avoid using non-native invasive plants in your garden; in nurseries, the following additional invasive ask your nursery for native, non-invasive alternatives. plants are currently threatening natural areas More information is available in the INPAWS brochure in Indiana. Avoid planting these and learn “Landscaping with Plants Native to Indiana” and in the to recognize and eliminate them before they book Go Native by Carolyn Harstad (Indiana University spread. Press, 1999). Scout your property for invasive species, and remove Indiana Distribution: A=All, N=North, invasives before they become a problem. For more information on how to control them see The Nature C=Central, S=South Conservancy’s web site listed below. Habitat Invaded: O=Openland, F=Forest, Alert people in your neighborhood and place of work W=Wetland about the problem with invasives and what species to watch for. FLOWERS Indiana Distribution Habitat Invaded Volunteer to help at local parks and natural areas to Canada thistle Cirsium arvense A O remove invasives. Dame’s rocket Hesperis matronalis A F,O Sericea lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata A O Sweet clover Melilotus alba, M. officinalis A O For more information on native & invasive Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum S,C F plants, please contact: Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum S F • Indiana Native Plant and Wildflower Society www.inpaws.org GRASSES • The Nature Conservancy Smooth brome Bromus inermis A F,O 1505 N. Delaware St, Ste 200 Tall fescue Festuca elatior A O Indianapolis, IN 46202 Japanese stilt grass Microstegium vimineum S,C F 317-951-8818 Maiden grass Miscanthus sinensis S O tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/ • IDNR Division of Nature Preserves VINES AND GROUNDCOVERS 402 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Pest Risk Analysis for Lespedeza Cuneata
    EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 18-23438 (17-23243) Pest Risk Analysis for Lespedeza cuneata 2018 EPPO 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir 75011 Paris www.eppo.int [email protected] This pest risk analysis scheme has been specifically amended from the EPPO Decision-Support Scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis document PM 5/5(1) to incorporate the minimum requirements for risk assessment when considering invasive alien plant species under the EU Regulation 1143/2014. Amendments and use are specific to the LIFE Project (LIFE15 PRE FR 001) ‘Mitigating the threat of invasive alien plants to the EU through pest risk analysis to support the Regulation 1143/2014’. Cite this document as: EPPO (2018) Pest risk analysis for Lespedeza cuneata EPPO, Paris. Available at: XXX Photo: Lespedeza cuneata invasion in North America Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org 1 EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION Pest risk analysis for Lespedeza cuneata This PRA follows EPPO Standard PM5/5 Decision support scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis Composition of the Expert Working Group BRUNDU Giuseppe (Mr) University of Sassari, Department of Agriculture, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy [email protected] Chapman Daniel (Mr) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh , UK, [email protected] FLORY S. Luke (Mr) Agronomy Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, FL 32611 Gainesville, United States [email protected] LE ROUX Jaco (Mr) Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosh University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa [email protected] PESCOTT Oliver (Mr) CEH Wallingford, Benson Lane, OX10 8BB Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom [email protected] SIEMANN Evan (Mr) Rice University, 6100 S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Regulated Terrestrial Invasive Plant Species of Indiana
    INDIANA INVASIVE SPECIES COUNCIL Cover Photo credits: Multiflora rose flowers – P. Rothrock Autumn olive fruit – P. Rothrock Bull thistle – N. Pilla Johnson grass – M. Lavin Table of Contents How to Use This Guide ............................................. ii FORBS Terrestrial Invasive Plant Regulations .....................iii Achyranthes japonica (Japanese chaff flower) ........ 43 You Can Make a Difference ...................................... v Alliaria petiolata (Garlic mustard) ........................... 45 Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) ................................. 47 WOODY TREES & SHRUBS Carduus acanthoides (Spiny plumeless thistle) ....... 49 Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-heaven) ........................ 1 Carduus nutans (Musk thistle) ................................ 51 Alnus glutinosa (Black alder) ..................................... 3 Centaurea stoebe (Spotted knapweed)................... 53 Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) ................... 5 Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) ............................. 55 Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn olive) ........................ 7 Cirsium vulgare (Bull thistle) ................................... 57 Frangula alnus (Glossy buckthorn)............................ 9 Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock) .................... 59 Ligustrum obtusifolium (Blunt-leaved privet) ......... 11 Dipsacus spp. (Teasel) ............................................. 61 Lonicera spp. (Asian bush honeysuckles) ................ 13 Euphorbia esula (Leafy spurge) ..............................
    [Show full text]