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RACE SIGNALS Preparatory Signals The meanings of visual and sound signals are stated below. An arrow pointing up orThe down meanings ( ) means of visual that and a visualsound signal signals is aredisplayed stated below.or removed. An arrow A dot pointing ( ) means up ­ ¯ • aor sound; down ( five­ ¯) shortmeans dashes that a visual(– – – signal– –) mean is displayed repetitive or removed.sounds; a A long dot (dash•) means (—) ameans sound; a longfive sound.short dashes When a(– visual – – – signal–) mean is displayed repetitive over sounds; a class a longflag, fleetdash flag(—), eventmeans flag a long or racesound. area When flag, a thevisual signal signal applies is displayed only to over that ac classlass, fleetflag,, fleetevent flag or, raceevent area. flag or race area flag, the signal applies only to that class, fleet, event or race area. Postponement Signals P Preparatory I Rule 30.1 Z Rule 30.2 U Rule 30.3 Black flag. Rule Postponement Signals signal. is in effect. is in effect. is in effect. 30.4 is in effect.

Recall Signals Shortened Course

A P Races not started are postponedA P Races .not The started warning are signalpostponed will .be The made warning 1 minutesignal will after be removal made 1 unlessminute atafter that removal time the raceunless is atpostponed that time again the or AP over H Races not AP over A Races not raceabandoned is postponed. again or startedAP ove rare H postponedRaces not . startedAP ove rare A postponedRaces not . abandoned . startedFurther aresignals postponed ashore.. startedNo more are racing postponed today.. X Individual recall. First Substitute General recall. S The course has Further signals ashore. No more racing today. The warning signal will be made been shortened. Rule 1 minute after removal. 32.2 is in effect.

AP over a Numeral Pennant 1–9

AP over a Numeral Pennant 1–9 Postponement of Changing the Next Leg 1Postponement-9 hours from of the1 -9 hoursscheduled from startingthe scheduled time. starting time. Pennant 1 Pennant 2 Pennant 3 Pennant 4 Pennant 1 Pennant 2 Pennant 3 Pennant 4 a laskemisesta, ellei purjehdustaa laskemisesta, silloin ellei lykätä uudelleenpurjehdusta Pennant 5 tai silloin mitätöidä Plykätäenna. nt 6 Pennant 7 Pennant 8 Pennant 9 uudelleen Pennant 5 tai mitätöidäPenna. nt 6 Pennant 7 Pennant 8 Pennant 9 C The position of to starboard; to port; to decrease to increase the next has the length the length Abandonment Signals Safety been changed: of the leg; of the leg. Abandonment Signals Safety

Other Signals

N All races that have V Monitor startedN All races are abandoned that have . communicationV Monitor started are abandoned. (no sound) (no sound) Return to the starting area. communicationchannel for safety TheReturn warning to the signalstarting will area. be channelinstructions for safety madeThe warning 1 minute signal after will be L Ashore: A notice M The object Y Wear Orange flag. flag. instructions(see rule 37). removalmade 1 minute unless afterat that time to competitors has displaying this a personal The staff The staff (see rule 37). displaying theremoval race isunless abandoned at that time been posted. signal replaces flotation displaying Afloat: Come within a missing mark. device this flag is this flag is againthe race or ispostponed abandoned. N over H N over A All races again or postponed. AllN o racesver H are areN o vabandoneder A All races. No hail or follow this merkin. (see rule 40). one end of one end of the vessel. the finishing line. abandonedAll races are. aremore abandoned racing today.. No Furtherabandoned signals. more racing today. starting line. ashore.Further signals ashore. 2 3

INTERNATIONAL CODE FLAGS

A ALFA B BRAVO C CHARLIE D DELTA ONE THE E ECHO F FOXTROT G GOLF H HOTEL TWO RACING RULES I INDIA J JULIETT K KILO L LIMA THREE OF SAILING M MIKE N NOVEMBER O OSCAR P PAPA FOUR for 2021–2024

Q QUEBEC R ROMEO S SIERRA T TANGO FIVE The 2021-2024 Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS) of World Sailing, and the Prescriptions of Yachting New Zealand

U UNIFORM V VICTOR W WHISKEY X X-RAY SIX Effective in New Zealand and internationally from 1 January 2021.

Y YANKEE Z ZULU SEVEN

EIGHT

World Sailing has provided for the possibility of changing the RRS annually. Except for the above, no 1st SUBSTITUTE 2nd SUBSTITUTE changes are contemplated to the RRS until 31 December 2024. This version of the RRS includes World Sailing corrections Version 1.

NINE

3rd SUBSTITUTE ANSWERING PENNANT ZERO

6 4 5

CONTENTS

Race Signals ...... Inside front cover 2 International Code Flags 1 International Code Flags ...... 4 Use of this book 6 Use of this book ...... 8 Online Rules Documents 7 Online Rules Documents ...... 9 Introduction 8 Introduction ...... 10 Definitions 10 DefinitionsBasic Principle ...... s 1412 BasicPart 1Principles Fundamental ...... Rules 1416 PartPart 12 FundamentalWhen Meet Rules ...... 1716 PartPart 23 WhenConduct Boats of a Meet Race...... 2419 PartPart 34 ConductOther Requirements of a Race ...... When Racing 2926 PartPart 45 OtherProtests, Requirements Redress, He Whenarings, Racing Misconduct...... and Appeals 3731 PartPart 56 Protests,Entry and Redress, Qualification Hearings, Misconduct and Appeals...... 5339 PartPart 67 EntryRace Organizationand Qualification ...... 5555 PartApp e7n dix A RaceScoring Organization ...... 6057 Appendix B Appendix A ScoringWindsurfing...... Fleet Racing Rules 6462 Appendix C Match Racing Rules 74 Appendix B Fleet Racing Rules...... 66 Appendix D Team Racing Rules 87 Appendix C Match Racing Rules...... 76 Appendix E Radio Sailing Racing Rules 94 Appendix D Team Racing Rules...... 89 Appendix F Racing Rules 104 Appendix E Radio Sailing Racing Rules ...... 96 Appendix G Identification on 115 AppendixAppendix FH KiteboardingWeighing Clothing Racing and Rules Equipment ...... 121061 AppendixAppendix GJ IdentificationNotice of Race onand Sails Sailing...... Instructions 121172 Appendix H WeighingNotice concerning Clothing andNotice Equipment of Race Guide...... 121237 Appendix J NoticeNotice ofconcerning Race and SailingSailing InstructionsInstructions .Guide...... 121247 Appendix M NoticeRecommendations concerning Notice for Protest of Race Committees Guide...... 121298 Appendix N NoticeInternational concerning Juries Sailing Instructions Guide ...... 131295 AppendixAppendix MP RecommendationsSpecial Procedures for for Protest Rule 42 Committees ...... 131308 AppendixAppendix NR InternationalProcedures for Juries Appeals...... and Requests 141371 AppendixAppendix PS SpecialStandard Procedures Sailing Instructions for Rule 42 ...... 141404 Appendix T Arbitration 150 Appendix R Procedures for Appeals and Requests...... 143 Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations Part 1 Appendix S Standard Sailing Instructions...... 146 Index Appendix T Arbitration...... 152 Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations Part 1 ...... 154 Index ...... 158

7

USE OF THIS BOOK ONLINE RULES DOCUMENTS

This book becomes effective on January 1, 2021. World Sailing has established a single internet address at which readers will find links to all the documents available on the World Sailing website that are Yachting New Zealand has included the sections of the World Sailing rules mentioned in this book. Those documents are listed below. Links to other which are most frequently used. Those sections of the rules which are not rules documents will also be provided at that address. included can be found on the World Sailing website (www.sailing.org) and The address is: sailing.org/documents/racingrules the Yachting New Zealand addenda can be found on the Yachting New Zealand website (www.yachtingnz.org.nz). The Yachting New Zealand Document Mentioned in Safety Regulations of Sailing 2021 – 2024 have been published in a separate book, and are also available from Yachting New Zealand. Guidelines for discretionary penalties Introduction Changes made to these rules after 1 January 2021 Introduction Changes to the Racing Rules of Sailing from the 2017 – 2020 edition are identified by a line in the right hand margin. World Sailing Regulations Introduction The Case Book Introduction The Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS) are owned by World Sailing, only clubs The Call Books for various disciplines Introduction affiliated to Yachting New Zealand are entitled to run racing using these World Sailing Regulations with the status of a rules as per RRS 89.1. Definition Rule (b) rule Class Associations must run events in conjunction with an affiliated club, Interpretations of Rule 42, Propulsion Rule 42 unless prior approval is granted by Yachting New Zealand. World Sailing Offshore Special Regulations Rule 49.2

Commercial and non-commercial organisations affiliated to Yachting New Equipment Rules of Sailing Rule 55 Zealand can only run events using the RRS if the event is in conjunction Appendix TS, Traffic Separation Schemes Rule 56.2 with an affiliated club or unless prior approval is granted by Yachting New Hearing Request and Hearing Decision Forms Part 5 Preamble Zealand. Rules for other windsurfing competition formats Appendix B Preamble Any event run by or held in conjunction with a non-affiliated organisation or Standard Notice of Race for Match Racing Appendix C Preamble club needs approval from Yachting New Zealand in order to be run under Standard Sailing Instructions for Match Racing Appendix C Preamble the Racing Rules of Sailing. Match Racing Rules for Blind Competitors Appendix C Preamble Besides affiliated clubs, without approval from Yachting New Zealand, all Test Rules for Umpired Radio Sailing Appendix E Preamble other groups must instead use the New Zealand Maritime Rules Part 22: Rules for other kiteboarding competition formats Appendix F Preamble Collision Regulations. Up-to-date table of national sail letters Appendix G Notice of Race Guide Appendix K Notice Sailing Instructions Guide Appendix L Notice Guidance on conflicts of interest Appendix M2.3 Guidance on misconduct Appendix M5.8 World Sailing Judges Manual Appendix T Preamble

4 8 9 INTRODUCTION

changes to Parts 1–7 and the Definitions in the 2017–2020 edition. No INTRODUCTION changes are contemplated before 2025, but any changes determined to be urgent before then will be announced through national The Racing Rules of Sailing includes two main sections. The first, authorities and posted on the World Sailing website. Parts 1–7, contains rules that affect all competitors. The second, the appendices, provides details of rules, rules that apply to particular Appendices When the rules of an appendix apply, they take kinds of racing, and rules that affect only a small number of precedence over any conflicting rules in Parts 1–7 and the competitors or officials. Definitions. Each appendix is identified by a letter. A reference to a rule in an appendix will contain the letter and the rule number (for Terminology A term used in the sense stated in the Definitions is example, ‘rule A1’). The letters I, O and Q are not used to designate printed in italics or, in preambles, in bold italics (for example, racing appendices in this book. and racing). Each of the terms in the table below is used in The Racing Rules of World Sailing Regulations The Regulations are referred to in the Sailing with the meaning given. definition Rule and in rule 6, but they are not included in this book because they can be changed at any time. The most recent versions Term Meaning of the Regulations are published on the World Sailing website; new versions will be announced through national authorities. Boat A and the crew on board. Competitor A person who races or intends to race in the Interpretations World Sailing publishes the following authoritative event. interpretations of the racing rules: National A World Sailing member national authority. • The Case Book – Interpretations of the Racing Rules, authority • The Call Books, for various disciplines, Race The race committee appointed under rule committee 89.2(c) and any other person or committee • Interpretations of Rule 42, Propulsion, and performing a race committee function. • Interpretations of the Regulations, for those Regulations Racing rule A rule in The Racing Rules of Sailing. that are rules. Technical The technical committee appointed under rule These publications are available on the World Sailing website. Other committee 89.2(c) and any other person or committee interpretations of the racing rules are not authoritative unless performing a technical committee function. approved by World Sailing in accordance with Regulation 28.4. Vessel Any boat or ship.

Other words and terms are used in the sense ordinarily understood in nautical or general use.

Hails A language other than English may be used for a hail required by the rules provided that it is reasonable for it to be understood by all boats affected. However, a hail in English is always acceptable.

Notation The notation ‘[DP]’ in a rule means that the penalty for a breach of the rule may, at the discretion of the protest committee, be less than disqualification. Guidelines for discretionary penalties are available on the World Sailing website.

Revision The racing rules are revised and published every four years by World Sailing, the international authority for the sport. This edition becomes effective on 1 January 2021 except that for an event beginning in 2020 the date may be postponed by the notice of race or sailing instructions. Marginal markings indicate important

5 6 10 11 DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS

Leeward and Windward A boat’s leeward side is the side that is or, when DEFINITIONS she is head to wind, was away from the wind. However, when sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her mainsail A term used as stated below is shown in italic type or, in preambles, in bold lies. The other side is her windward side. When two boats on the same italic type. The meaning of several other terms is given in Terminology in the overlap, the one on the leeward side of the other is the leeward boat. The Introduction. other is the windward boat.

Abandon A race that a race committee or protest committee abandons is Mark An object the sailing instructions require a boat to leave on a specified void but may be resailed. side, a race committee vessel surrounded by navigable water from which the starting or finishing line extends, and an object intentionally attached to the Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap One boat is clear astern of another object or vessel. However, an anchor line is not part of the mark. when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat’s hull and equipment in normal Mark-Room Room for a boat to leave a mark on the required side. Also, position. The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them overlaps both. (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail close to it, These terms always apply to boats on the same tack. They apply to boats on and opposite tacks only when rule 18 applies between them or when both boats (b) room to round or pass the mark as necessary to sail the course without are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind. touching the mark.

Conflict of Interest A person has a conflict of interest if he However, mark-room for a boat does not include room to tack unless she is overlapped inside and to windward of the boat required to give mark-room (a) may gain or lose as a result of a decision to which he contributes, and she would be fetching the mark after her tack. (b) may reasonably appear to have a personal or financial interest which could affect his ability to be impartial, or Obstruction An object that a boat could not pass without changing course substantially, if she were sailing directly towards it and one of her hull (c) has a close personal interest in a decision. lengths from it. An object that can be safely passed on only one side and an object, area or line so designated by the sailing instructions are also Fetching A boat is fetching a mark when she is in a position to pass to obstructions. However, a is not an obstruction to other boats windward of it and leave it on the required side without changing tack. unless they are required to keep clear of her or, if rule 22 applies, avoid her. Finish A boat finishes when, after starting, any part of her hull crosses the A vessel under way, including a boat racing, is never a continuing finishing line from the course side. However, she has not finished if after obstruction. crossing the finishing line she Overlap See Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap. (a) takes a penalty under rule 44.2, Party A party to a hearing is (b) corrects an error in sailing the course made at the line, or (a) for a protest hearing: a protestor, a protestee; (c) continues to sail the course. (b) for a redress hearing: a boat requesting redress or for which redress is Keep Clear A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat requested; a boat for which a hearing is called to consider redress (a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take under rule 60.3(b); a race committee acting under rule 60.2(b); a avoiding action and, technical committee acting under rule 60.4(b); (b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change (c) for a redress hearing under rule 62.1(a): the body alleged to have made course in both directions without immediately making contact. an improper action or omission; (d) a person against whom an allegation of a breach of rule 69.1(a) is made; a person presenting an allegation under rule 69.2(e)(1); 7 8

12 13 DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS

(e) a support person subject to a hearing under rule 60.3(d) or 69; any (a) passes each mark of the course for the race on the required side and in boat that person supports; a person appointed to present an the correct order, allegation under rule 60.3(d). (b) touches each mark designated in the sailing instructions to be a However, the protest committee is never a party. rounding mark, and

Postpone A postponed race is delayed before its scheduled start but may (c) passes between the marks of a gate from the direction of the course be started or abandoned later. from the previous mark.

Proper Course A course a boat would choose in order to sail the course and Start A boat starts when, her hull having been entirely on the pre-start side finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boats referred to in the of the starting line at or after her starting signal, and having complied with rule using the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal. rule 30.1 if it applies, any part of her hull crosses the starting line from the pre-start side to the course side. Protest An allegation made under rule 61.2 by a boat, a race committee, a technical committee or a protest committee that a boat has broken a rule. Support Person Any person who (a) provides, or may provide, physical or advisory support to a competitor, Racing A boat is racing from her preparatory signal until she finishes and including any coach, trainer, manager, team staff, medic, paramedic or clears the finishing line and marks or retires, or until the race committee any other person working with, treating or assisting a competitor in or signals a general recall, postponement or abandonment. preparing for the competition, or Room The space a boat needs in the existing conditions, including space to (b) is the parent or guardian of a competitor. comply with her obligations under the rules of Part 2 and rule 31, while manoeuvring promptly in a seamanlike way. Tack, Starboard or Port A boat is on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to her windward side. Rule Windward See Leeward and Windward. (a) The rules in this book, including the Definitions, Race Signals, Introduction, preambles and the rules of relevant appendices, but not Zone The area around a mark within a distance of three hull lengths of the titles; boat nearer to it. A boat is in the zone when any part of her hull is in the zone. (b) World Sailing Regulations that have been designated by World Sailing as having the status of a rule and are published on the World Sailing website; (c) the prescriptions of the national authority, unless they are changed by the notice of race or sailing instructions in compliance with the national authority’s prescription, if any, to rule 88.2; (d) the class rules (for a boat racing under a handicap or rating system, the rules of that system are ‘class rules’); (e) the notice of race; (f) the sailing instructions; and (g) any other documents that govern the event.

Sail the Course A boat sails the course provided that a string representing her track from the time she begins to approach the starting line from its pre- start side to start until she finishes, when drawn taut, 9 10

14 15 Part 1 FUNDAMENTAL RULES BASIC PRINCIPLES 3 DECISION TO RACE The responsibility for a boat’s decision to participate in a race or to SPORTSMANSHIP AND THE RULES continue racing is hers alone.

Competitors in the sport of sailing are governed by a body of rules 4 ACCEPTANCE OF THE RULES that they are expected to follow and enforce. A fundamental principle of sportsmanship is that when a boat breaks a rule and is not 4.1 (a) By participating or intending to participate in an event exonerated she will promptly take an appropriate penalty or action, conducted under the rules, each competitor and boat owner which may be to retire. agrees to accept the rules. (b) A support person by providing support, or a parent or guardian ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY by permitting their child to enter an event, agrees to accept the Participants are encouraged to minimize any adverse environmental rules. impact of the sport of sailing. 4.2 Each competitor and boat owner agrees, on behalf of their support persons, that such support persons are bound by the rules.

4.3 Acceptance of the rules includes agreement PART 1 (a) to be governed by the rules; (b) to accept the penalties imposed and other action taken under FUNDAMENTAL RULES the rules, subject to the appeal and review procedures provided in them, as the final determination of any matter 1 SAFETY arising under the rules; 1.1 Helping Those in Danger (c) with respect to any such determination, not to resort to any A boat, competitor or support person shall give all possible help to court of law or tribunal not provided for in the rules; and any person or vessel in danger. (d) by each competitor and boat owner to ensure that their support persons are aware of the rules. 1.2 Life-Saving Equipment and Personal Flotation Devices A boat shall carry adequate life-saving equipment for all persons on 4.4 The person in charge of each boat shall ensure that all competitors board, including one item ready for immediate use, unless her class in the crew and the boat’s owner are aware of their responsibilities rules make some other provision. Each competitor is individually under this rule. responsible for wearing a personal flotation device adequate for the 4.5 This rule may be changed by a prescription of the national authority conditions. of the venue.

2 FAIR SAILING 5 RULES GOVERNING ORGANIZING AUTHORITIES A boat and her owner shall compete in compliance with recognized AND OFFICIALS principles of sportsmanship and fair play. A boat may be penalized The organizing authority, race committee, technical committee, under this rule only if it is clearly established that these principles protest committee and other race officials shall be governed by the have been violated. The penalty shall be a disqualification that is not rules in the conduct and judging of the event. excludable. Yachting New Zealand prescribes that the appropriate part of the Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations of Sailing shall be deemed

11 12

16 17 Part 1 FUNDAMENTAL RULES to be rules for all events unless dispensation is granted by Yachting PART 2 New Zealand. WHEN BOATS MEET 6 WORLD SAILING REGULATIONS

6.1 Each competitor, boat owner and support person shall comply with The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the the World Sailing Regulations that have been designated by World racing area and intend to race, are racing, or have been racing. Sailing as having the status of a rule. These regulations as of 30 June However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one 2020 are the World Sailing: of these rules, except rule 14 when the incident resulted in injury or serious damage, or rule 23.1. ● Advertising Code When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she ● Anti-Doping Code shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing ● Betting and Anti-Corruption Code Collisions at (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. If the notice of race so states, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the right- ● Disciplinary Code of-way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules. ● Eligibility Code ● Sailor Categorization Code SECTION A

6.2 Rule 63.1 does not apply unless protests are permitted in the RIGHT OF WAY Regulation alleged to have been broken. A boat has right of way over another boat when the other boat is required to keep clear of her. However, some rules in Sections B, C and D limit the actions of a right-of-way boat.

10 ON OPPOSITE TACKS When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard-tack boat.

11 ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat.

12 ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead.

13 WHILE After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During that time rules 10, 11 and 12 do not apply. If two boats are subject to this rule at the same time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern shall keep clear. 13 14

18 19 Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET

SECTION B 18 MARK-ROOM GENERAL LIMITATIONS 18.1 When Rule 18 Applies Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to leave a 14 AVOIDING CONTACT mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the zone. However, it does not apply A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably possible. However, a right-of-way boat, or one sailing within the room or (a) between boats on opposite tacks on a beat to windward, mark-room to which she is entitled, need not act to avoid contact (b) between boats on opposite tacks when the proper course at the until it is clear that the other boat is not keeping clear or giving room mark for one but not both of them is to tack, or mark-room. (c) between a boat approaching a mark and one leaving it, or 15 ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY (d) if the mark is a continuing obstruction, in which case rule 19 When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other applies. boat room to keep clear, unless she acquires right of way because of Rule 18 no longer applies between boats when mark-room has been the other boat’s actions. given.

16 CHANGING COURSE 18.2 Giving Mark-Room 16.1 When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other (a) When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the boat room to keep clear. inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. 16.2 In addition, on a beat to windward when a port-tack boat is keeping (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, clear by sailing to pass to leeward of a starboard-tack boat, the the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside starboard-tack boat shall not bear away if as a result the port-tack boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the boat must change course immediately to continue keeping clear. zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. 17 ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE (c) When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull (1) she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail broken or a new overlap begins; above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, unless in doing so she promptly (2) if she becomes overlapped inside the boat entitled to sails astern of the other boat. This rule does not apply if the overlap mark-room, she shall also give that boat room to sail her begins while the windward boat is required by rule 13 to keep clear. proper course while they remain overlapped. (d) Rules 18.2(b) and (c) cease to apply if the boat entitled to mark- room passes head to wind or leaves the zone. SECTION C (e) If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS overlap in time, it shall be presumed that she did not. (f) If a boat obtained an inside overlap from clear astern or by Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by tacking to windward of the other boat and, from the time the navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are overlap began, the outside boat has been unable to give mark- approaching them to start until they have passed them. room, she is not required to give it.

15 16

20 21 Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET

18.3 Passing Head to Wind in the Zone 19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction If a boat in the zone of a mark to be left to port passes head to wind (a) A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on from port to starboard tack and is then fetching the mark, she shall either side. not cause a boat that has been on starboard tack since entering the (b) When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the zone to sail above close-hauled to avoid contact and she shall give inside boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she mark-room if that boat becomes overlapped inside her. When this has been unable to do so from the time the overlap began. rule applies between boats, rule 18.2 does not apply between them. (c) While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, if a boat that 18.4 Gybing was clear astern and required to keep clear becomes When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark overlapped between the other boat and the obstruction and, at to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther the moment the overlap begins, there is not room for her to from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not pass between them, apply at a gate mark. (1) she is not entitled to room under rule 19.2(b), and (2) while the boats remain overlapped, she shall keep clear 19 ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION and rules 10 and 11 do not apply. 19.1 When Rule 19 Applies Rule 19 applies between two boats at an obstruction except 20 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION (a) when the obstruction is a mark the boats are required to leave 20.1 Hailing on the same side, or A boat may hail for room to tack and avoid a boat on the same tack. (b) when rule 18 applies between the boats and the obstruction is However, she shall not hail unless another boat overlapped with each of them. (a) she is approaching an obstruction and will soon need to make However, at a continuing obstruction, rule 19 always applies and rule a substantial course change to avoid it safely, and 18 does not. (b) she is sailing close-hauled or above. In addition, she shall not hail if the obstruction is a mark and a boat that is fetching it would be required to change course as a result of the hail.

20.2 Responding (a) After a boat hails, she shall give a hailed boat time to respond. (b) A hailed boat shall respond even if the hail breaks rule 20.1. (c) A hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack and avoid her. (d) When a hailed boat responds, the hailing boat shall tack as soon as possible. (e) From the time a boat hails until she has tacked and avoided a hailed boat, rule 18.2 does not apply between them.

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22 23 Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET Part 2 WHEN BOATS M EET

20.3 Passing On a Hail to an Additional Boat 23 INTERFERING WITH ANOTHER BOAT When a boat has been hailed for room to tack and she intends to 23.1 If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a respond by tacking, she may hail another boat on the same tack for boat that is racing. room to tack and avoid her. She may hail even if her hail does not 23.2 If reasonably possible, a boat shall not interfere with a boat that is meet the conditions of rule 20.1. Rule 20.2 applies between her and taking a penalty, sailing on another leg or subject to rule 21.1. a boat she hails. However, after the starting signal this rule does not apply when the 20.4 Additional Requirements for Hails boat is sailing her proper course. (a) When conditions are such that a hail may not be heard, the boat shall also make a signal that clearly indicates her need for room to tack or her response. (b) The notice of race may specify an alternative communication for a boat to indicate her need for room to tack or her response, and require boats to use it.

SECTION D OTHER RULES

When rule 21 or 22 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not.

21 STARTING ERRORS; TAKING PENALTIES; BACKING A SAIL 21.1 A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions after her starting signal to start or to comply with rule 30.1 shall keep clear of a boat not doing so until her hull is completely on the pre-start side. 21.2 A boat taking a penalty shall keep clear of one that is not. 21.3 A boat moving astern, or sideways to windward, through the water by backing a sail shall keep clear of one that is not.

22 CAPSIZED, ANCHORED OR AGROUND; RESCUING If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is capsized or has not regained control after , is anchored or aground, or is trying to help a person or vessel in danger. A boat is capsized when her masthead is in the water.

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24 25 Part 3 CONDUCT OF A RACE PART 3 have not stated the course, and it may replace one course signal with another and signal that wearing personal flotation devices is CONDUCT OF A RACE required (display flag Y with one sound). 27.2 No later than the preparatory signal, the race committee may move 25 NOTICE OF RACE, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS a starting mark. AND SIGNALS 25.1 The notice of race shall be made available to each boat that enters 27.3 Before the starting signal, the race committee may for any reason an event before she enters. The sailing instructions shall be made postpone (display flag AP, AP over H, or AP over A, with two sounds) available to each boat before a race begins. or abandon the race (display flag N over H, or N over A, with three sounds). 25.2 The meanings of the visual and sound signals stated in Race Signals shall not be changed except under rule 86.1(b). The meanings of any 28 SAILING THE RACE other signals that may be used shall be stated in the notice of race or sailing instructions. 28.1 A boat shall start, sail the course and then finish. While doing so, she may leave on either side a mark that does not begin, bound or end 25.3 When the race committee is required to display a flag as a visual the leg she is sailing. After finishing she need not cross the finishing signal, it may use a flag or other object of a similar appearance. line completely.

26 STARTING RACES 28.2 A boat may correct any errors in sailing the course, provided she has Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times shall be not crossed the finishing line to finish. taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded. 29 RECALLS 29.1 Individual Recall Minutes Visual signal Sound Means before starting signal When at a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull is on the course signal side of the starting line or she must comply with rule 30.1, the race committee shall promptly display flag X with one sound. The flag 5* Class flag One Warning signal shall be displayed until the hull of each such boat has been 4 P, I, Z, Z with I, One Preparatory completely on the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its U, or black flag signal extensions, and until all such boats have complied with rule 30.1 if it applies, but no later than four minutes after the starting signal or one 1 Preparatory flag One long One minute removed minute before any later starting signal, whichever is earlier. If rule 29.2, 30.3 or 30.4 applies this rule does not. 0 Class flag One Starting signal removed 29.2 General Recall *or as stated in the notice of race or sailing instructions When at the starting signal the race committee is unable to identify boats that are on the course side of the starting line or to which rule The warning signal for each succeeding class shall be made with or 30 applies, or there has been an error in the starting procedure, the after the starting signal of the preceding class. race committee may signal a general recall (display the First

Substitute with two sounds). The warning signal for a new start for 27 OTHER RACE COMMITTEE ACTIONS BEFORE the recalled class shall be made one minute after the First Substitute THE STARTING SIGNAL is removed (one sound), and the starts for any succeeding classes 27.1 No later than the warning signal, the race committee shall signal or shall follow the new start. otherwise designate the course to be sailed if the sailing instructions 21 22

26 27 Part 3 CONDUCT OF A RACE Part 3 CONDUCT OF A RACE

30 STARTING PENALTIES 32 SHORTENING OR ABANDONING AFTER THE START 30.1 I Flag Rule 32.1 After the starting signal, the race committee may shorten the course If flag I has been displayed, and any part of a boat’s hull is on the (display flag S with two sounds) or abandon the race (display flag N, course side of the starting line or one of its extensions during the last N over H, or N over A, with three sounds), minute before her starting signal, she shall sail across an extension (a) because of foul weather, so that her hull is completely on the pre-start side before she starts. (b) because of insufficient wind making it unlikely that any boat 30.2 Z Flag Rule will finish within the race time limit, If flag Z has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull shall be in the (c) because a mark is missing or out of position, or triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark (d) for any other reason directly affecting the safety or fairness of during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this the competition. rule and is identified, she shall receive, without a hearing, a 20% In addition, the race committee may shorten the course so that other Scoring Penalty calculated as stated in rule 44.3(c). She shall be scheduled races can be sailed, or abandon the race because of an penalized even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not if it is error in the starting procedure. However, after one boat has started, postponed or abandoned before the starting signal. If she is similarly sailed the course and finished within the race time limit, if any, the identified during a subsequent attempt to start the same race, she race committee shall not abandon the race without considering the shall receive an additional 20% Scoring Penalty. consequences for all boats in the race or series.

30.3 U Flag Rule 32.2 If the race committee signals a shortened course (displays flag S with If flag U has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull shall be in the two sounds), the finishing line shall be, triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark (a) at a rounding mark, between the mark and a staff displaying during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this flag S; rule and is identified, she shall be disqualified without a hearing, but not if the race is restarted or resailed. (b) a line the course requires boats to cross; or (c) at a gate, between the gate marks. 30.4 Black Flag Rule The shortened course shall be signalled before the first boat crosses If a black flag has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull shall be in the finishing line. the triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this 33 CHANGING THE NEXT LEG OF THE COURSE rule and is identified, she shall be disqualified without a hearing, even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not if it is postponed or While boats are racing, the race committee may change a leg of the abandoned before the starting signal. If a general recall is signalled course that begins at a rounding mark or at a gate by changing the or the race is abandoned after the starting signal, the race committee position of the next mark (or the finishing line) and signalling all shall display her sail number before the next warning signal for that boats before they begin the leg. The next mark need not be in race, and if the race is restarted or resailed she shall not sail in it. If position at that time. she does so, her disqualification shall not be excluded in calculating (a) If the direction of the leg will be changed, the signal shall be her series score. the display of flag C with repetitive sounds and one or both of

(1) the new compass bearing, 31 TOUCHING A MARK (2) a green triangle for a change to starboard or a red While racing, a boat shall not touch a starting mark before starting, a rectangle for a change to port. mark that begins, bounds or ends the leg of the course on which she is sailing, or a finishing mark after finishing. 23 24

28 29 Part 3 CONDUCT OF A RACE (b) If the length of the leg will be changed, the signal shall be the PART 4 display of flag C with repetitive sounds and a ‘–’ if the length will be decreased or a ‘+’ if it will be increased. OTHER REQUIREMENTS (c) Subsequent legs may be changed without further signalling to maintain the course shape. WHEN RACING

34 MARK MISSING Part 4 rules apply only to boats racing unless the rule states If a mark is missing or out of position while boats are racing, the race otherwise. committee shall, if possible, (a) replace it in its correct position or substitute a new one of SECTION A similar appearance, or (b) substitute an object displaying flag M and make repetitive GENERAL REQUIREM ENTS sound signals. 40 PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES 35 RACE TIME LIMIT AND SCORES If one boat starts, sails the course and finishes within the time limit Refer to Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations of Sailing for that race, if any, all boats that finish shall be scored according to Appendix 4 (www.yachtingnz.org.nz – keyword “ Safety their finishing places unless the race is abandoned. If no boat finishes Regulations” ) for Yachting New Zealand additional requirements within the race time limit, the race committee shall abandon the race. for personal buoyancy.

36 RACES RESTARTED OR RESAILED 40.1 Basic Rule If a race is restarted or resailed, a breach of a rule in the original race, When rule 40.1 is made applicable by rule 40.2, each competitor shall or in any previous restart or resail of that race, shall not wear a personal flotation device except briefly while changing or (a) prohibit a boat from competing unless she has broken rule adjusting clothing or personal equipment. Wet suits and dry suits are 30.4; or not personal flotation devices. (b) cause a boat to be penalized except under rule 2, 30.2, 30.4 or 40.2 When Rule 40.1 Applies 69 or under rule 14 when she has caused injury or serious damage. Rule 40.1 applies (a) if flag Y was displayed afloat with one sound before or with the 37 SEARCH AND RESCUE INSTRUCTIONS warning signal, while racing in that race; or When the race committee displays flag V with one sound, all boats (b) if flag Y was displayed ashore with one sound, at all times and official and support vessels shall, if possible, monitor the race while afloat that day. committee communication channel for search and rescue instructions. However, rule 40.1 applies when so stated in the notice of race or sailing instructions.

41 OUTSIDE HELP A boat shall not receive help from any outside source, except (a) help for a crew member who is ill, injured or in danger;

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30 31 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

(b) after a collision, help from the crew of the other vessel to get (c) When (rapidly accelerating down the front of a wave), clear; or foiling is possible (c) help in the form of information freely available to all boats; (1) to initiate surfing or planing, each sail may be pulled in (d) unsolicited information from a disinterested source, which only once for each wave or gust of wind, or may be another boat in the same race. (2) to initiate foiling, each sail may be pulled in any number of times. 42 PROPULSION (d) When a boat is above a close-hauled course and either 42.1 Basic Rule stationary or moving slowly, she may scull to turn to a close- Except when permitted in rule 42.3 or 45, a boat shall compete by hauled course. using only the wind and water to increase, maintain or decrease her (e) If a batten is inverted, the boat’s crew may pump the sail until speed. Her crew may adjust the trim of sails and hull, and perform the batten is no longer inverted. This action is not permitted if other acts of seamanship, but shall not otherwise move their bodies it clearly propels the boat. to propel the boat. (f) A boat may reduce speed by repeatedly moving her helm. 42.2 Prohibited Actions (g) Any means of propulsion may be used to help a person or Without limiting the application of rule 42.1, these actions are another vessel in danger. prohibited: (h) To get clear after grounding or colliding with a vessel or object, (a) pumping: repeated fanning of any sail either by pulling in and a boat may use force applied by her crew or the crew of the releasing the sail or by vertical or athwartship body movement; other vessel and any equipment other than a propulsion engine. However, the use of an engine may be permitted by (b) rocking: repeated rolling of the boat, induced by rule 42.3(i). (1) body movement, (i) Sailing instructions may, in stated circumstances, permit (2) repeated adjustment of the sails or centreboard, or propulsion using an engine or any other method, provided the boat does not gain a significant advantage in the race. (3) steering; (c) ooching: sudden forward body movement, stopped abruptly; Note: Interpretations of rule 42 are available at the World Sailing website or by mail upon request. (d) sculling: repeated movement of the helm that is either forceful or that propels the boat forward or prevents her from moving 43 EXONERATION astern; (e) repeated tacks or gybes unrelated to changes in the wind or to 43.1 (a) When as a consequence of breaking a rule a boat has tactical considerations. compelled another boat to break a rule, the other boat is exonerated for her breach. 42.3 Exceptions (b) When a boat is sailing within the room or mark-room to which (a) A boat may be rolled to facilitate steering. she is entitled and, as a consequence of an incident with a boat (b) A boat’s crew may move their bodies to exaggerate the rolling required to give her that room or mark-room, she breaks a rule that facilitates steering the boat through a tack or a gybe, of Section A of Part 2, rule 15, 16, or 31, she is exonerated for provided that, just after the tack or gybe is completed, the her breach. boat’s speed is not greater than it would have been in the (c) A right-of-way boat, or one sailing within the room or mark- absence of the tack or gybe. room to which she is entitled, is exonerated for breaking rule 14 if the contact does not cause damage or injury. 27 28

32 33 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

43.2 A boat exonerated for breaking a rule need not take a penalty and the penalty shall be 20% of the score for Did Not Finish, shall not be penalized for breaking that rule. rounded to the nearest whole number (0.5 rounded upward). The scores of other boats shall not be changed; therefore, two 44 PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT boats may receive the same score. However, the penalty shall 44.1 Taking a Penalty not cause the boat’s score to be worse than the score for Did Not Finish. A boat may take a Two-Turns Penalty when she may have broken one or more rules of Part 2 in an incident while racing. She may take 45 HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken rule 31. Alternatively, the notice of race or sailing instructions may specify the use of the A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Scoring Penalty or some other penalty, in which case the specified Thereafter, she shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail penalty shall replace the One-Turn and the Two-Turns Penalty. out, reef sails or make repairs. She may anchor or the crew may However, stand on the bottom. She shall recover the anchor before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so. (a) when a boat may have broken a rule of Part 2 and rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty for breaking rule 46 PERSON IN CHARGE 31; A boat shall have on board a person in charge designated by the (b) if the boat caused injury or serious damage or, despite taking member or organization that entered the boat. See rule 75. a penalty, gained a significant advantage in the race or series by her breach her penalty shall be to retire. Yachting New Zealand prescribes that the designated person on board shall be a member of a club affiliated to Yachting New 44.2 One-Turn and Two-Turns Penalties Zealand, or, if an international competitor, a member of a club After getting well clear of other boats as soon after the incident as affiliated to a World Sailing recognized Member National Authority possible, a boat takes a One-Turn or Two-Turns Penalty by promptly (MNA). making the required number of turns in the same direction, each turn including one tack and one gybe. When a boat takes the penalty at 47 TRASH DISPOSAL or near the finishing line, her hull shall be completely on the course Competitors and support persons shall not intentionally put trash in side of the line before she finishes. the water. This rule applies at all times while afloat. The penalty for 44.3 Scoring Penalty a breach of this rule may be less than disqualification.

(a) A boat takes a Scoring Penalty by displaying a yellow flag at the first reasonable opportunity after the incident. SECTION B (b) When a boat has taken a Scoring Penalty, she shall keep the yellow flag displayed until finishing and call the race EQUIPM ENT-RELATED REQUIREM ENTS committee’s attention to it at the finishing line. At that time she shall also inform the race committee of the identity of the other 48 L IMITATIONS ON EQUIPMENT AND CREW boat involved in the incident. If this is impracticable, she shall 48.1 A boat shall use only the equipment on board at her preparatory do so at the first reasonable opportunity and within the protest signal. time limit. 48.2 No person on board shall intentionally leave, except when ill or (c) The race score for a boat that takes a Scoring Penalty shall be injured, or to help a person or vessel in danger, or to swim. A person the score she would have received without that penalty, made leaving the boat by accident or to swim shall be back in contact with worse by the number of places stated in the notice of race or the boat before the crew resumes sailing the boat to the next mark. sailing instructions. When the number of places is not stated,

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49 CREW POSITION; LIFELINES 50.2 Rules 50.1(b) and 50.1(c) do not apply to boats required to be 49.1 Competitors shall use no device designed to position their bodies equipped with lifelines. outboard, other than straps and stiffeners worn under the thighs. 51 MOVABLE BALLAST All movable ballast, including sails that are not set, shall be properly 49.2 When lifelines are required by the class rules or any other rule, stowed. Water, dead weight or ballast shall not be moved for the competitors shall not position any part of their torsos outside them, purpose of changing trim or stability. Floorboards, bulkheads, doors, except briefly to perform a necessary task. On boats equipped with stairs and water tanks shall be left in place and all cabin fixtures kept upper and lower lifelines, a competitor sitting facing outboard with on board. However, bilge water may be bailed out. his waist inside the lower lifeline may have the upper part of his body outside the upper lifeline. Unless a class rule or any other rule Yachting New Zealand prescribes that boats with class rules specifies a maximum deflection, lifelines shall be taut. If the class permitting moving water ballast or permitting canting keels shall rules do not specify the material or minimum diameter of lifelines, comply with Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations of Sailing 6.1 they shall comply with the corresponding specifications in the World (K) and 6.2 (K). Sailing Offshore Special Regulations. 52 MANUAL POWER Note: Those regulations are available at the World Sailing website. A boat’s standing rigging, running rigging, spars and movable hull appendages shall be adjusted and operated only by the power 50 COMPETITOR CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT provided by the crew. 50.1 (a) Competitors shall not wear or carry clothing or equipment for the purpose of increasing their weight. 53 SKIN FRICTION (b) Furthermore, a competitor’s clothing and equipment shall not A boat shall not eject or release a substance, such as a polymer, or weigh more than 8 kilograms, excluding a hiking or trapeze have specially textured surfaces that could improve the character of harness and clothing (including footwear) worn only below the the flow of water inside the boundary layer. knee. Class rules or the notice of race may specify a lower weight or a higher weight up to 10 kilograms. Class rules may 54 FORESTAYS AND HEADSAIL TACKS include footwear and other clothing worn below the knee Forestays and headsail tacks, except those of spinnaker staysails within that weight. A hiking or trapeze harness shall have when the boat is not close-hauled, shall be attached approximately positive buoyancy and shall not weigh more than 2 kilograms, on a boat’s centreline. except that class rules may specify a higher weight up to 4 kilograms. Weights shall be determined as required by 55 SETTING AND SHEETING SAILS Appendix H. 55.1 Changing Sails (c) A trapeze harness worn by a competitor which may be used to When headsails or spinnakers are being changed, a replacing sail support the competitor on a trapeze shall be of the quick may be fully set and trimmed before the replaced sail is lowered. release variety complying with ISO 10862 which allows the However, only one mainsail and, except when changing, only one competitor to detach from the hook or other method of spinnaker shall be carried set at a time. attachment at any time. A class rule may change this rule to permit trapeze harnesses that are not of the quick release 55.2 Spinnaker Poles; Whisker Poles variety, but a class rule may not change the requirement that a quick release harness comply with ISO 10862. Only one spinnaker pole or whisker pole shall be used at a time except when gybing. When in use, it shall be attached to the Note: Rule 50.1(c) does not take effect until 1 January 2023. foremost mast.

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36 37 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

Note: The Equipment Rules of Sailing are available at the World Sailing Website. PART 5

Yachting New Zealand prescribes that unless otherwise limited by PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, one design status, class rules, event requirements or rule 78, a boat may tack a spinnaker to an outrigger forward of the foremost mast. MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS In a race in which handicaps apply, a boat shall only race with a handicap which is valid for the configuration of spars and sails The protest form that was included in previous editions of this book used. has been replaced by two forms, a hearing request form and a hearing decision form. The new forms, in various formats, are 55.3 Sheeting Sails available at the World Sailing website at No sail shall be sheeted over or through any device that exerts sailing.org/racingrules/documents. They may be downloaded and outward pressure on a sheet or clew of a sail at a point from which, printed. with the boat upright, a vertical line would fall outside the hull or deck, except: Note that The Racing Rules of Sailing does not require a particular form to be used. (a) a headsail clew may be connected (as defined in The Equipment Rules of Sailing) to a whisker pole, provided that a Suggestions for improving these forms are welcome and should be spinnaker is not set; sent to [email protected]. (b) any sail may be sheeted to or led above a boom that is regularly used for a sail and is permanently attached to the mast from which the head of the sail is set; SECTION A (c) a headsail may be sheeted to its own boom that requires no adjustment when tacking; and PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION

(d) the boom of a sail may be sheeted to a bumkin. 60 RIGHT TO PROTEST; RIGHT TO REQUEST REDRESS OR RULE 69 ACTION 55.4 Headsails and Spinnakers 60.1 A boat may For the purposes of rules 54 and 55 and Appendix G, the definitions of ‘headsail’ and ‘spinnaker’ in The Equipment Rules of Sailing shall (a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule of be used. Part 2 or rule 31 unless she was involved in or saw the incident; (b) request redress; or 56 FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS; TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES (c) report to the protest committee requesting action under rule 56.1 When so equipped, a boat shall sound fog signals and show lights 60.3(d) or 69.2(b). as required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or applicable government rules. 60.2 A race committee may 56.2 A boat shall comply with rule 10, Traffic Separation Schemes, of the (a) protest a boat, but not as a result of information arising from a IRPCAS. request for redress or an invalid protest, or from a report from a person with a conflict of interest other than the representative Note: Appendix TS, Traffic Separation Schemes, is available at the of the boat herself; World Sailing website. The notice of race may change rule 56.2 by stating that Section A, Section B or Section C of Appendix TS applies. (b) request redress for a boat; or

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38 39 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

(c) report to the protest committee requesting action under rule opportunity for each. She shall display the flag until she is no 60.3(d) or 69.2(b). longer racing. However,

60.3 A protest committee may (1) if the other boat is beyond hailing distance, the protesting boat need not hail but she shall inform the (a) protest a boat, but not as a result of information arising from a other boat at the first reasonable opportunity; request for redress or an invalid protest, or from a report from a person with a conflict of interest other than the representative (2) if the hull length of the protesting boat is less than of the boat herself. However, it may protest a boat 6 metres, she need not display a red flag; (1) if it learns of an incident involving her that may have (3) if the incident was an error by the other boat in sailing resulted in injury or serious damage, or the course, she need not hail or display a red flag but she shall inform the other boat either before or at the first (2) if during the hearing of a valid protest it learns that the reasonable opportunity after the other boat finishes; boat, although not a party to the hearing, was involved in the incident and may have broken a rule; (4) if at the time of the incident it is obvious to the protesting boat that a member of either crew is in danger, or that (b) call a hearing to consider redress; injury or serious damage resulted, the requirements of (c) act under rule 69.2(b); or this rule do not apply to her, but she shall attempt to inform the other boat within the time limit of rule 61.3. (d) call a hearing to consider whether a support person has broken a rule, based on its own observation or information received (b) If the race committee, technical committee or protest from any source, including evidence taken during a hearing. committee intends to protest a boat concerning an incident the committee observed in the racing area, it shall inform her after 60.4 A technical committee may the race within the time limit of rule 61.3. In other cases the (a) protest a boat, but not as a result of information arising from a committee shall inform the boat of its intention to protest as request for redress or an invalid protest, or from a report from soon as reasonably possible. A notice posted on the official a person with a conflict of interest other than the representative notice board within the appropriate time limit satisfies this of the boat herself. However, it shall protest a boat if it decides requirement. that a boat or personal equipment does not comply with the (c) If the protest committee decides to protest a boat under rule class rules or with rule 50; 60.3(a)(2), it shall inform her as soon as reasonably possible, (b) request redress for a boat; or close the current hearing, proceed as required by rules 61.2 and 63, and hear the original and the new protests together. (c) report to the protest committee requesting action under rule 60.3(d) or 69.2(b). 61.2 Protest Contents A protest shall be in writing and identify 60.5 However, neither a boat nor a committee may protest for an alleged breach of rule 69 or a Regulation referred to in rule 6, unless (a) the protestor and protestee; permitted by the Regulation concerned. (b) the incident;

61 PROTEST REQUIREMENTS (c) where and when the incident occurred; 61.1 Informing the Protestee (d) any rule the protestor believes was broken; and (a) The protesting boat shall inform the other boat at the first (e) the name of the protestor’s representative. reasonable opportunity. When her protest will concern an However, if requirement (b) is met, requirement (a) may be met at incident in the racing area, she shall hail ‘Protest’ and any time before the hearing, and requirements (d) and (e) may be conspicuously display a red flag at the first reasonable met before or during the hearing. Requirement (c) may also be met 35 36

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before or during the hearing, provided the protestee is allowed reasons for making the request. The protest committee shall extend reasonable time to prepare for the hearing. the time if there is good reason to do so. No red flag is required. Yachting New Zealand prescribes that no fee shall be charged for (a) However, on the last scheduled day of racing a request for lodging a protest or a request for redress. redress based on a protest committee decision shall be delivered no later than 30 minutes after the decision was 61.3 Protest Time Limit posted. A protest by a boat, or by the race committee, technical committee or protest committee about an incident observed in the racing area, SECTION B shall be delivered to the race office within the protest time limit stated in the sailing instructions. If none is stated, the time limit is HEARINGS AND DECISIONS two hours after the last boat in the race finishes. Other protests shall be delivered to the race office no later than two hours after the 63 HEARINGS protestor receives the relevant information. The protest committee Yachting New Zealand recommends that Appendix M apply to shall extend the time if there is good reason to do so. protest hearings and redress hearings.

62 REDRESS 63.1 Requirement for a Hearing 62.1 A request for redress or a protest committee’s decision to consider redress shall be based on a claim or possibility that a boat’s score or A boat or competitor shall not be penalized without a protest place in a race or series has been or may be, through no fault of her hearing, except as provided in rules 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 64.4(d), 64.5(b), own, made significantly worse by 64.6, 69, 78.2, A5.1 and P2. A decision on redress shall not be made without a hearing. The protest committee shall hear all protests and (a) an improper action or omission of the race committee, protest requests for redress that have been delivered to the race office committee, organizing authority or technical committee for the unless it allows a protest or request to be withdrawn. event, but not by a protest committee decision when the boat was a party to the hearing; 63.2 Time and Place of the Hearing; Time for Parties to Prepare (b) injury or physical damage because of the action of a boat that All parties to the hearing shall be notified of the time and place of the was breaking a rule of Part 2 and took an appropriate penalty hearing, the protest or redress information or the allegations shall be or was penalized, or of a vessel not racing that was required to made available to them, and they shall be allowed reasonable time keep clear or is determined to be at fault under the IRPCAS or to prepare for the hearing. When two or more hearings arise from a government right-of-way rule; the same incident, or from very closely connected incidents, they (c) giving help (except to herself or her crew) in compliance with may be heard together in one hearing. However, a hearing rule 1.1; or conducted under rule 69 shall not be combined with any other type of hearing. (d) an action of another boat, or a crew member or support person of that boat, that resulted in a penalty under rule 2 or a penalty 63.3 Right to Be Present or warning under rule 69. (a) A representative of each party to the hearing has the right to 62.2 A request shall be in writing and identify the reason for making it. If be present throughout the hearing of all the evidence. When a the request is based on an incident in the racing area, it shall be protest claims a breach of a rule of Part 2, 3 or 4, the delivered to the race office within the protest time limit or two hours representatives of boats shall have been on board at the time after the incident, whichever is later. Other requests shall be of the incident, unless there is good reason for the protest delivered as soon as reasonably possible after learning of the committee to rule otherwise. Any witness, other than a member of the protest committee, shall be excluded except when giving evidence. 37 38

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(b) If a party to a hearing does not come to the hearing, the protest However, the committee may exclude evidence which it committee may nevertheless proceed with the hearing. If the considers to be irrelevant or unduly repetitive. party was unavoidably absent, the committee may reopen the (b) A member of the protest committee who saw the incident shall, hearing. while the parties are present, state that fact and may give 63.4 Conflict of Interest evidence. (a) A protest committee member shall declare any possible (c) A party present at the hearing may question any person who conflict of interest as soon as he is aware of it. A party to the gives evidence. hearing who believes a member of the protest committee has (d) The committee shall then give the weight it considers a conflict of interest shall object as soon as possible. A conflict appropriate to the evidence presented, find the facts and base of interest declared by a protest committee member shall be its decision on them. included in the written information provided under rule 65.2. 63.7 Conflict Between Rules (b) A member of a protest committee with a conflict of interest shall not be a member of the committee for the hearing, unless If there is a conflict between two or more rules that must be resolved before the protest committee makes a decision, the committee shall (1) all parties consent, or apply the rule that it believes will provide the fairest result for all (2) the protest committee decides that the conflict of interest boats affected. Rule 63.7 applies only if the conflict is between rules is not significant. in the notice of race, the sailing instructions, or any of the other (c) When deciding whether a conflict of interest is significant, the documents that govern the event under item (g) of the definition protest committee shall consider the views of the parties, the Rule. level of the conflict, the level of the event, the importance to 63.8 Hearings Involving Parties in Different Events each party, and the overall perception of fairness. A hearing involving parties in different events conducted by different (d) However, for World Sailing major events, or for other events organizing authorities shall be heard by a protest committee as prescribed by the national authority of the venue, rule acceptable to those authorities. 63.4(b) does not apply and a person who has a conflict of interest shall not be a member of the protest committee. 63.9 Hearings under Rule 60.3(d) — Support Persons 63.5 Validity of the Protest or Request for Redress If the protest committee decides to call a hearing under rule 60.3(d), At the beginning of the hearing the protest committee shall take any it shall promptly follow the procedures in rules 63.2, 63.3, 63.4 and evidence it considers necessary to decide whether all requirements 63.6, except that the information given to the parties shall be details for the protest or request for redress have been met. If they have of the alleged breach and a person may be appointed by the protest been met, the protest or request is valid and the hearing shall be committee to present the allegation. continued. If not, the committee shall declare the protest or request invalid and close the hearing. If the protest has been made under rule 64 DECISIONS 60.3(a)(1), the committee shall also determine whether or not injury 64.1 Standard of Proof, Majority Decisions and Reclassifying Requests or serious damage resulted from the incident in question. If not, the (a) A protest committee shall make its decision based on a balance hearing shall be closed. of probabilities, unless provided for otherwise in the rule 63.6 Taking Evidence and Finding Facts alleged to have been broken. (a) The protest committee shall take the evidence, including (b) Decisions of the protest committee shall be by simple majority hearsay evidence, of the parties present at the hearing and of vote of all members. When there is equal division of votes cast, their witnesses and other evidence it considers necessary. the chairman may cast an additional vote. 39 40

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(c) The protest committee shall proceed with each case, as a (a) When the protest committee finds that deviations in excess of protest, request for redress or other type of request, based on tolerances specified in the class rules were caused by damage the information in the written request or allegation and or normal wear and do not improve the performance of the testimony during the hearing. This permits the type of case to boat, it shall not penalize her. However, the boat shall not race be changed if appropriate. again until the deviations have been corrected, except when 64.2 Penalties the protest committee decides there is or has been no reasonable opportunity to do so. When the protest committee decides that a boat that is a party to a protest hearing has broken a rule and is not exonerated, it shall (b) When the protest committee is in doubt about the meaning of disqualify her unless some other penalty applies. A penalty shall be a class rule, it shall refer its questions, together with the imposed whether or not the applicable rule was mentioned in the relevant facts, to an authority responsible for interpreting the protest. If a boat has broken a rule when not racing, her penalty shall rule. In making its decision, the committee shall be bound by apply to the race sailed nearest in time to that of the incident. the reply of the authority. However, (c) When a boat is penalized under a class rule and the protest committee decides that the boat also broke the same rule in (a) if a boat has taken an applicable penalty, she shall not be earlier races in the same event, the penalty may be imposed further penalized under this rule unless the penalty for a rule for all such races. No further protest is necessary. she broke is a disqualification that is not excludable from her (d) When a boat penalized under a class rule states in writing that series score; she intends to appeal, she may compete in subsequent races (b) if the race is restarted or resailed, rule 36 applies. without changes to the boat. However, if she fails to appeal or the appeal is decided against her, she shall be disqualified Yachting New Zealand prescribes that if a protest committee is without a further hearing from all subsequent races in which satisfied that a breach of the Yachting New Zealand Safety she competed. Regulations of Sailing occurring after the preparatory signal, is (e) Measurement costs arising from a protest involving a class rule inadvertent or accidental, it may impose a penalty less than shall be paid by the unsuccessful party unless the protest disqualification. committee decides otherwise.

64.3 Decisions on Redress Yachting New Zealand prescribes that: When the protest committee decides that a boat is entitled to redress under rule 62, it shall make as fair an arrangement as possible for all 1. For a boat-to-boat measurement protest, the protest shall be boats affected, whether or not they asked for redress. This may be to lodged together with a deposit to cover the expenses caused adjust the scoring (see rule A9 for some examples) or finishing times by the protest. Protests without that deposit will not be valid of boats, to abandon the race, to let the results stand or to make (this modifies RRS 61.2) some other arrangement. When in doubt about the facts or probable results of any arrangement for the race or series, especially before 2. The amount for the deposit will be fixed by the technical abandoning the race, the protest committee shall take evidence from committee. appropriate sources. 3. If the protest is invalid or dismissed, the expenses caused by 64.4 Decisions on Protests Concerning Class Rules the measurement protest will be covered by the protestor's Yachting New Zealand prescribes that when class rules are silent, deposit. World Sailing’s Equipment Rules of Sailing shall apply. 4. If the protestee is penalized, he shall pay the expenses caused by the measurement protest, and the deposit will be given back 41 42

46 47 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

to the protestor. decision. The committee shall then promptly provide the information, including, when relevant, a diagram of the incident 5. If the protest committee decides as per rule 64.4(a), the prepared or endorsed by the committee. protestor and the protestee shall equally share the costs caused by the protest. 65.3 Unless there is good reason not to do so, after any hearing, including a hearing under rule 69, the protest committee may publish the 64.5 Decisions Concerning Support Persons information set out in rule 65.1. The protest committee may direct (a) When the protest committee decides that a support person that the information is to be confidential to the parties. who is a party to a hearing under rule 60.3(d) or 69 has broken 65.4 When the protest committee penalizes a boat under a class rule, it a rule, it may shall send the above information to the relevant class rule (1) issue a warning, authorities. (2) exclude the person from the event or venue or remove any privileges or benefits, or 66 REOPENING A HEARING (3) take other action within its jurisdiction as provided by the 66.1 The protest committee may reopen a hearing when it decides that it rules. may have made a significant error, or when significant new evidence (b) The protest committee may also penalize a boat that is a party becomes available within a reasonable time. It shall reopen a hearing to a hearing under rule 60.3(d) or 69 for the breach of a rule by when required by the national authority under rule 71.2 or R5. a support person by changing the boat’s score in a single race, 66.2 A party to the hearing may request a reopening in writing no later up to and including disqualification, when the protest than 24 hours after being informed of the decision. committee decides that (a) However, on the last scheduled day of racing the request shall (1) the boat may have gained a competitive advantage as the be delivered result of the breach by the support person, or (1) within the protest time limit if the requesting party was (2) the support person committed a further breach after the informed of the decision on the previous day; protest committee warned the boat in writing, following a previous hearing, that a penalty may be imposed. (2) no later than 30 minutes after the party was informed of the decision on that day. 64.6 Discretionary Penalties 66.3 The protest committee shall consider all requests to reopen. When a When a boat reports within the protest time limit that she has broken request to reopen is being considered or the hearing is reopened, a rule subject to a discretionary penalty, the protest committee shall decide the appropriate penalty after taking evidence from the boat (a) when based only on new evidence, a majority of the members and any witnesses it decides are appropriate. of the protest committee shall, if practicable, be members of the original committee; 65 INFORMING THE PARTIES AND OTHERS (b) when based on a significant error, the protest committee shall, 65.1 After making its decision, the protest committee shall promptly if practicable, have at least one new member. inform the parties to the hearing of the facts found, the applicable rules, the decision, the reasons for it, and any penalties imposed or 67 DAMAGES redress given. The question of damages arising from a breach of any rule shall be governed by the prescriptions, if any, of the national authority. 65.2 A party to the hearing is entitled to receive the above information in writing, provided she asks for it in writing from the protest Yachting New Zealand prescribes that: committee no later than seven days after being informed of the 43 44

48 49 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

taken during a hearing, believes a person may have broken rule 1. The findings of fact, and decisions of protest committees, 69.1(a), it shall decide whether or not to call a hearing. shall be relevant only for the purposes of the World Sailing (c) When the protest committee needs more information to make Racing Rules of Sailing. the decision to call a hearing, it shall consider appointing a person or persons to conduct an investigation. These 2. Any issue of liability or claim for damages arising from an investigators shall not be members of the protest committee incident while a boat is bound by The Racing Rules of Sailing that will decide the matter. shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts and not considered by a protest committee. (d) When an investigator is appointed, all relevant information he gathers, favourable or unfavourable, shall be disclosed to the 3. A boat that retires from a race, or accepts a penalty does not, protest committee, and if the protest committee decides to call by that action alone, admit liability. a hearing, to the parties. (e) If the protest committee decides to call a hearing, it shall promptly inform the person in writing of the alleged breach Note: There is no rule 68. and of the time and place of the hearing and follow the procedures in rules 63.2, 63.3(a), 63.4, 63.6, 65.1, 65.2, 65.3 and 66, except that: SECTION C (1) unless a person has been appointed by World Sailing, a person may be appointed by the protest committee to MISCONDUCT present the allegation.

69 MISCONDUCT (2) a person against whom an allegation has been made under this rule shall be entitled to have an advisor and a 69.1 Obligation not to Commit Misconduct; Resolution representative with him who may act on his behalf. (a) A competitor, boat owner or support person shall not commit (f) If the person an act of misconduct. (1) provides good reason why he is unable to come to the (b) Misconduct is: hearing at the scheduled time, the protest committee (1) conduct that is a breach of good manners, a breach of shall reschedule it; or good sportsmanship, or unethical behaviour; or (2) does not provide good reason and does not come to the (2) conduct that may bring, or has brought, the sport into hearing, the protest committee may conduct it without disrepute. the person present. (c) An allegation of a breach of rule 69.1(a) shall be resolved in (g) The standard of proof to be applied is the test of the accordance with the provisions of rule 69. It shall not be comfortable satisfaction of the protest committee, bearing in grounds for a protest and rule 63.1 does not apply. mind the seriousness of the alleged misconduct. However, if the standard of proof in this rule conflicts with the laws of a 69.2 Action by a Protest Committee country, the national authority may, with the approval of World (a) A protest committee acting under this rule shall have at least Sailing, change it with a prescription to this rule. three members. (h) When the protest committee decides that a competitor or boat (b) When a protest committee, from its own observation or from owner has broken rule 69.1(a), it may take one or more of the information received from any source, including evidence following actions (1) issue a warning;

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(2) change their boat’s score in one or more races, including disqualification(s) that may or may not be excluded from her series score; SECTION D (3) exclude the person from the event or venue or remove APPEALS any privileges or benefits; and

(4) take any other action within its jurisdiction as provided 70 APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY by the rules. 70.1 (a) Provided that the right of appeal has not been denied under (i) When the protest committee decides that a support person has rule 70.5, a party to a hearing may appeal a protest broken rule 69.1(a), rule 64.5 applies. committee’s decision or its procedures, but not the facts found. (j) If the protest committee (b) A boat may appeal when she is denied a hearing required by (1) imposes a penalty greater than one DNE; rule 63.1.

(2) excludes the person from the event or venue; or 70.2 A protest committee may request confirmation or correction of its (3) in any other case if it considers it appropriate, decision.

it shall report its findings, including the facts found, its 70.3 An appeal under rule 70.1 or a request by a protest committee under conclusions and decision to the national authority of the rule 70.2 shall be sent to the national authority with which the person or, for specific international events listed in the World organizing authority is associated under rule 89.1. However, if boats Sailing Regulations, to World Sailing. If the protest committee will pass through the waters of more than one national authority has acted under rule 69.2(f)(2), the report shall also include that while racing, an appeal or request shall be sent to the national fact and the reasons for it. authority where the finishing line is located, unless the sailing (k) If the protest committee decides not to conduct the hearing instructions identify another national authority. without the person present, or if the protest committee has left the event and a report alleging a breach of rule 69.1(a) is 70.4 A club or other organization affiliated to a national authority may received, the race committee or organizing authority may request an interpretation of the rules, provided that no protest or appoint the same or a new protest committee to proceed under request for redress that may be appealed is involved. The this rule. If it is impractical for the protest committee to conduct interpretation shall not be used for changing a previous protest a hearing, it shall collect all available information and, if the committee decision. allegation seems justified, make a report to the national 70.5 authority of the person or, for specific international events There shall be no appeal from the decisions of an international jury listed in the World Sailing Regulations, to World Sailing. constituted in compliance with Appendix N. Furthermore, if the notice of race or the sailing instructions so state, the right of appeal 69.3 Action by a National Authority and World Sailing may be denied provided that The disciplinary powers, procedures and responsibilities of national (a) it is essential to determine promptly the result of a race that authorities and World Sailing that apply are specified in the World will qualify a boat to compete in a later stage of an event or a Sailing Disciplinary Code. National authorities and World Sailing subsequent event (a national authority may prescribe that its may impose further penalties, including suspension of eligibility, approval is required for such a procedure); under that code. (b) a national authority so approves for a particular event open only to boats entered by an organization affiliated to that For details of Yachting New Zealand procedures under this rule see national authority, a member of an organization affiliated to Yachting New Zealand Regulations on the Yachting New Zealand that national authority, or a personal member of that national website www.yachtingnz.org.nz – keyword “ Governance” . authority; or 47 48

52 53 Part 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS (c) a national authority after consultation with World Sailing so PART 6 approves for a particular event, provided the protest committee is constituted as required by Appendix N, except ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION that only two members of the protest committee need be International Judges. 75 ENTERING AN EVENT Yachting New Zealand prescribes: Refer to Addendum A To enter an event, a boat shall comply with the requirements of the (www.yachtingnz.org.nz – keyword “ Addenda” ) for Yachting New organizing authority of the event. She shall be entered by Zealand policy on Denial of the Right of Appeal. (a) a member of a club or other organization affiliated to a World 70.6 Appeals and requests shall conform to Appendix R. Sailing member national authority,

(b) such a club or organization, or 71 NATIONAL AUTHORITY DECISIONS (c) a member of a World Sailing member national authority. 71.1 A person who has a conflict of interest or was a member of the

protest committee shall not take any part in the discussion or 76 EXCLUSION OF BOATS OR COMPETITORS decision on an appeal or a request for confirmation or correction. 76.1 The organizing authority or the race committee may reject or cancel 71.2 The national authority may uphold, change or reverse a protest the entry of a boat or exclude a competitor, subject to rule 76.3, committee’s decision including a decision on validity or a decision provided it does so before the start of the first race and states the under rule 69. Alternatively, the national authority may order that a reason for doing so. On request the boat shall promptly be given the hearing be reopened, or that a new hearing be held by the same or reason in writing. The boat may request redress if she considers that a different protest committee. When the national authority decides the rejection or exclusion is improper. that there shall be a new hearing, it may appoint the protest committee. Yachting New Zealand prescribes that organising authorities shall not accept entries from keel, trailer or boats which are not 71.3 When from the facts found by the protest committee the national registered with Yachting New Zealand or with their national authority decides that a boat that was a party to a protest hearing authority, or with their International Class Associations in the names broke a rule and is not exonerated, it shall penalize her, whether or of the current owners and such boats shall not be entitled to race. not that boat or that rule was mentioned in the protest committee’s decision. 76.2 The organizing authority or the race committee shall not reject or cancel the entry of a boat or exclude a competitor because of 71.4 The decision of the national authority shall be final. The national advertising, provided the boat or competitor complies with the World authority shall send its decision in writing to all parties to the hearing Sailing Advertising Code. and the protest committee, who shall be bound by the decision. 76.3 At world and continental championships no entry within stated quotas shall be rejected or cancelled without first obtaining the approval of the relevant World Sailing Class Association (or the Offshore Racing Council) or World Sailing.

77 IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS A boat shall comply with the requirements of Appendix G governing class insignia, national letters and numbers on sails.

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54 55 Part 6 ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION 78 COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS RULES; CERTIFICATES PART 7 78.1 While a boat is racing, her owner and any other person in charge shall ensure that the boat is maintained to comply with her class RACE ORGANIZATION rules and that her measurement or rating certificate, if any, remains valid. In addition, the boat shall also comply at other times specified 85 CHANGES TO RULES in the class rules, the notice of race or the sailing instructions. 85.1 A change to a rule shall refer specifically to the rule and state the change. A change to a rule includes an addition to it or deletion of all 78.2 When a rule requires a valid certificate to be produced or its or part of it. existence verified before a boat races, and this cannot be done, the boat may race provided that the race committee receives a statement 85.2 A change to one of the following types of rules may be made only as signed by the person in charge that a valid certificate exists. The boat shown below. shall produce the certificate or arrange for its existence to be verified Type of rule Change only if permitted by by the race committee before the start of the last day of the event, or of the first series, whichever is earlier. The penalty for breaking this Racing rule Rule 86 rule is disqualification without a hearing from all races of the event. Rule in a World Sailing code A rule in the code

National authority prescription Rule 88.2 79 CATEGORIZATION If the notice of race or class rules state that some or all competitors Class rule Rule 87 must satisfy categorization requirements, the categorization shall be Rule in the notice of race Rule 89.2(b) carried out as described in the World Sailing Sailor Categorization Rule in the sailing instructions Rule 90.2(c) Code. Rule in any other document A rule in the document itself 80 RESCHEDULED EVENT governing the event When an event is rescheduled to dates different from the dates stated 86 CHANGES TO THE RACING RULES in the notice of race, all boats entered shall be notified. The race committee may accept new entries that meet all the entry 86.1 A racing rule shall not be changed unless permitted in the rule itself requirements except the original deadline for entries. or as follows:

(a) Prescriptions of a national authority may change a racing rule, but not the Definitions; the Basic Principles; a rule in the Introduction; Part 1, 2 or 7; rule 42, 43, 47, 50, 63.4, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76.3 or 79; a rule of an appendix that changes one of these rules; Appendix H or N; or a rule in a World Sailing Code listed in rule 6.1. (b) The notice of race or sailing instructions may change a racing rule, but not rule 76.1 or 76.2, Appendix R, or a rule listed in rule 86.1(a). (c) Class rules may change only racing rules 42, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55.

86.2 In exception to rule 86.1, World Sailing may in limited circumstances (see World Sailing Regulation 28.1.3) authorize changes to the racing

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56 57 Part 7 RACE ORGANIZATION Part 7 RACE ORGANIZATION

rules for a specific international event. The authorization shall be 89 ORGANIZING AUTHORITY; NOTICE OF RACE; APPOINTMENT OF stated in a letter of approval to the organizing authority and in the RACE OFFICIALS notice of race or sailing instructions, and the letter shall be posted on 89.1 Organizing Authority the official notice board. Races shall be organized by an organizing authority, which shall be 86.3 If a national authority so prescribes, the restrictions in rule 86.1 do (a) World Sailing; not apply if rules are changed to develop or test proposed rules. The national authority may prescribe that its approval is required for such (b) a member national authority of World Sailing; changes. (c) an affiliated club;

Yachting New Zealand prescribes that a race committee wishing to (d) an affiliated organization other than a club and, if so prescribed develop and test a rule change in its local regattas shall obtain prior by the national authority, with the approval of the national approval from, and report the results to Yachting New Zealand. authority or in conjunction with an affiliated club; (e) an unaffiliated class association, either with the approval of the 87 CHANGES TO CLASS RULES national authority or in conjunction with an affiliated club; The notice of race may change a class rule only when the class rules (f) two or more of the above organizations; permit the change, or when written permission of the class (g) an unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club association for the change is posted on the official notice board. where the body is owned and controlled by the club. The national authority of the club may prescribe that its approval is 88 NATIONAL PRESCRIPTIONS required for such an event; or 88.1 Prescriptions that Apply (h) if approved by World Sailing and the national authority of the The prescriptions that apply to an event are the prescriptions of the club, an unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club national authority with which the organizing authority is associated where the body is not owned and controlled by the club. under rule 89.1. However, if boats will pass through the waters of In rule 89.1, an organization is affiliated if it is affiliated to the national more than one national authority while racing, the notice of race shall authority of the venue; otherwise the organization is unaffiliated. identify the prescriptions that will apply and when they will apply. However, if boats will pass through the waters of more than one 88.2 Changes to Prescriptions national authority while racing, an organization is affiliated if it is The notice of race or sailing instructions may change a prescription. affiliated to the national authority of one of the ports of call. However, a national authority may restrict changes to its Yachting New Zealand prescribes that Yachting New Zealand prescriptions with a prescription to this rule, provided World Sailing approval is required under rule 89.1 (d) & (g). approves its application to do so. The restricted prescriptions shall not be changed. 89.2 Notice of Race; Appointment of Race Officials Yachting New Zealand prescribes that for all events sailed in New (a) The organizing authority shall publish a notice of race that Zealand other than international events, its prescriptions shall not be conforms to rule J1. changed unless a dispensation from a specific prescription is granted (b) The notice of race may be changed provided adequate notice by Yachting New Zealand. is given.

(c) The organizing authority shall appoint a race committee and, when appropriate, appoint a protest committee, a technical committee and umpires. However, the race committee, an international jury, a technical committee and umpires may be appointed by World Sailing as provided in its Regulations. 53 54

58 59 Part 7 RACE ORGANIZATION Part 7 RACE ORGANIZATION

including the correction of errors, initiated more than 24 hours 90 RACE COMMITTEE; SAILING INSTRUCTIONS; SCORING after 90.1 Race Committee (1) the protest time limit for the last race of the series The race committee shall conduct races as directed by the organizing (including a single-race series); authority and as required by the rules. (2) being informed of a protest committee decision after the last race of the series (including a single-race series); or 90.2 Sailing Instructions (3) the results are published. (a) The race committee shall publish written sailing instructions that conform to rule J2. However, in exception, changes to scores shall be made resulting from a decision under rules 6, 69 or 70. The notice of (b) When appropriate, for an event where entries from other race may change ‘24 hours’ to a different time. countries are expected, the sailing instructions shall include, in English, the applicable national prescriptions. 91 PROTEST COMMITTEE (c) The sailing instructions may be changed provided the change A protest committee shall be is in writing and posted on the official notice board before the time stated in the sailing instructions or, on the water, (a) a committee appointed by the organizing authority or race communicated to each boat before her warning signal. Oral committee; changes may be given only on the water, and only if the (b) an international jury appointed by the organizing authority or procedure is stated in the sailing instructions. as prescribed in the World Sailing Regulations. It shall be composed as required by rule N1 and have the authority and 90.3 Scoring responsibilities stated in rule N2. A national authority may (a) The race committee shall score a race or series as provided in prescribe that its approval is required for the appointment of Appendix A unless the notice of race or sailing instructions international juries for races within its jurisdiction, except specify some other system. A race shall be scored if it is not World Sailing events or when international juries are abandoned and if one boat starts, sails the course and finishes appointed by World Sailing under rule 89.2(c); or within the race time limit, if any, even if she retires after (c) a committee appointed by the national authority under rule finishing or is disqualified. 71.2. (b) When a scoring system provides for excluding one or more race scores, any score that is a Disqualification Not Excludable Y achting New Zealand prescribes that, except when appointed by (DNE) shall be included in a boat’s series score. World Sailing, the organising authority shall obtain approval of an international jury from Yachting New Zealand. (c) When the race committee determines from its own records or observations that it has scored a boat incorrectly, it shall 92 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE correct the error and make the corrected scores available to competitors. 92.1 A technical committee shall be a committee of at least one member and be appointed by the organizing authority or the race committee (d) The race committee shall implement scoring changes directed or as prescribed in the World Sailing Regulations. by the protest committee or national authority as a result of decisions made in accordance with the rules. 92.2 The technical committee shall conduct equipment inspection and (e) When so stated in the notice of race, notwithstanding the event measurement as directed by the organizing authority and as provisions of rules 90.3(a), (b), (c) and (d), there shall be no required by the rules. changes to race or series scores resulting from action,

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60 61 Appendix A SCORING APPENDIX A A4 SCORING SYSTEM This Low Point System will apply unless the notice of race or sailing SCORING instructions specify another system; see rule 90.3(a). Each boat starting and finishing and not thereafter retiring, being See rule 90.3. penalized or given redress shall be scored points as follows:

A1 NUMBER OF RACES Finishing place Points The number of races scheduled and the number required to be First 1 completed to constitute a series shall be stated in the notice of race Second 2 or sailing instructions. Third 3 A2 SERIES SCORES Fourth 4 A2.1 Each boat’s series score shall, subject to rule 90.3(b), be the total of Fifth 5 her race scores excluding her worst score. However, the notice of Sixth 6 race or sailing instructions may make a different arrangement by providing, for example, that no score will be excluded, that two or Seventh 7 more scores will be excluded, or that a specified number of scores Each place thereafter Add 1 point will be excluded if a specified number of races are completed. A race is completed if scored; see rule 90.3(a). If a boat has two or more equal worst scores, the score(s) for the race(s) sailed earliest in the A5 SCORES DETERMINED BY THE RACE COMMITTEE series shall be excluded. The boat with the lowest series score wins A5.1 A boat that did not start, sail the course or finish, or comply with rule and others shall be ranked accordingly. 30.2, 30.3, 30.4 or 78.2, or that retires or takes a penalty under rule A2.2 If a boat has entered any race in a series, she shall be scored for the 44.3(a), shall be scored accordingly by the race committee without a whole series. hearing. Only the protest committee may take other scoring actions that worsen a boat’s score. A3 STARTING TIMES AND FINISHING PLACES A5.2 A boat that did not start, did not sail the course, did not finish, retired The time of a boat’s starting signal shall be her starting time, and the or was disqualified shall be scored points for the finishing place one order in which boats finish a race shall determine their finishing more than the number of boats entered in the series. A boat that is places. However, when a handicap or rating system is used a boat’s penalized under rule 30.2 or that takes a penalty under rule 44.3(a) corrected time shall determine her finishing place. shall be scored points as provided in rule 44.3(c).

A5.3 If the notice of race or sailing instructions state that rule A5.3 will apply, rule A5.2 is changed so that a boat that came to the starting area but did not start, did not sail the course, did not finish, retired or was disqualified shall be scored points for the finishing place one more than the number of boats that came to the starting area, and a boat that did not come to the starting area shall be scored points for the finishing place one more than the number of boats entered in the series.

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62 63 Appendix A SCORING Appendix A SCORING

A6 CHANGES IN PLACES AND SCORES OF OTHER BOATS A10 SCORING ABBREVIATIONS A6.1 If a boat is disqualified from a race or retires after finishing, each boat These scoring abbreviations shall be used for recording the with a worse finishing place shall be moved up one place. circumstances described:

A6.2 If the protest committee decides to give redress by adjusting a boat’s DNC Did not start; did not come to the starting area score, the scores of other boats shall not be changed unless the DNS Did not start (other than DNC and OCS) protest committee decides otherwise. OCS Did not start; on the course side of the starting line at her starting signal and failed to start, or broke rule 30.1 A7 RACE TIES ZFP 20% penalty under rule 30.2 If boats are tied at the finishing line or if a handicap or rating system is used and boats have equal corrected times, the points for the place UFD Disqualification under rule 30.3 for which the boats have tied and for the place(s) immediately below BFD Disqualification under rule 30.4 shall be added together and divided equally. Boats tied for a race prize shall share it or be given equal prizes. SCP Scoring Penalty applied NSC Did not sail the course A8 SERIES TIES DNF Did not finish A8.1 If there is a series-score tie between two or more boats, each boat’s RET Retired race scores shall be listed in order of best to worst, and at the first point(s) where there is a difference the tie shall be broken in favour DSQ Disqualification of the boat(s) with the best score(s). No excluded scores shall be DNE Disqualification that is not excludable used. RDG Redress given A8.2 If a tie remains between two or more boats, they shall be ranked in DPI Discretionary penalty imposed order of their scores in the last race. Any remaining ties shall be broken by using the tied boats’ scores in the next-to-last race and so on until all ties are broken. These scores shall be used even if some of them are excluded scores.

A9 GUIDANCE ON REDRESS If the protest committee decides to give redress by adjusting a boat’s score for a race, it is advised to consider scoring her (a) points equal to the average, to the nearest tenth of a point (0.05 to be rounded upward), of her points in all the races in the series except the race in question; (b) points equal to the average, to the nearest tenth of a point (0.05 to be rounded upward), of her points in all the races before the race in question; or (c) points based on the position of the boat in the race at the time of the incident that justified redress.

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64 65 Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES APPENDIX B Rounding or Passing A board is rounding or passing a mark from the time her proper course is to begin to manoeuvre to round or pass WINDSURFING FLEET RACING it, until the mark has been rounded or passed.

RULES B1 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 1 [No changes.] Windsurfing fleet races (including marathon races) shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. The B2 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 2 term ‘boat’ elsewhere in the racing rules means ‘board’ or ‘boat’ as 13 WHILE TACKING appropriate. A marathon race is a race intended to last more than one hour. Rule 13 is changed to: After a board passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other Note: Rules for Slalom, Expression (including Wave and Freestyle) boards until her sail has filled. During that time rules 10, 11 and and Speed disciplines are not included in this appendix. These are 12 do not apply. If two boards are subject to this rule at the available at the World Sailing website. same time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern

shall keep clear. Yachting New Zealand has given dispensation from wearing buoyancy vests to crew members of sailboards if a wetsuit is worn at all times and provided 17 ON THE SAME TACK BEFORE A REACHING START the organising authority has ensured adequate safety provisions. This dispensation may always be over-ridden by rule 40 or by the Notice of Race Rule 17 is changed to: for an event. When, at the warning signal, the course to the first mark is approximately ninety degrees from the true wind, a board CHANGES TO THE DEFINITIONS overlapped to leeward of another board on the same tack The definitions Mark-Room, and Tack, Starboard or Port are changed during the last 30 seconds before her starting signal shall not to: sail above the shortest course to the first mark while they remain overlapped if as a result the other board would need to Mark-Room Mark-Room for a board is room to sail her proper take action to avoid contact, unless in doing so she promptly course to round or pass the mark. However, mark-room for a board sails astern of the other board. does not include room to tack unless she is overlapped inside and to windward of the board required to give mark-room and she would 18 MARK-ROOM be fetching the mark after her tack. Rule 18 is changed as follows: Tack, Starboard or Port A board is on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to the competitor’s hand that would be nearer the The first sentence of rule 18.1 is changed to: mast if the competitor were in normal sailing position with both Rule 18 applies between boards when they are required to hands on the wishbone and arms not crossed. A board is on leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is starboard tack when the competitor’s right hand would be nearer the rounding or passing it. mast and is on port tack when the competitor’s left hand would be nearer the mast. Rule 18.2(b) is changed to: (b) If boards are overlapped when the first of them is The definition Zone is deleted. rounding or passing the mark, the outside board at that moment shall thereafter give the inside board mark- Add the following definitions: room. If a board is clear ahead when she is rounding or Capsized A board is capsized when she is not under control because her sail or the competitor is in the water. 61 62

66 67 Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES

passing the mark, the board clear astern at that moment Rule 26 is changed to: shall thereafter give her mark-room. 26.1 System 1 (for Upwind Starts) Rule 18.2(c) is changed to: Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times (c) When a board is required to give mark-room by rule shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound 18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an signal shall be disregarded. overlap is broken or a new overlap begins. However, if Minutes before Visual signal Sound Means the board entitled to mark-room passes head to wind, starting signal signal rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply. 5* Class flag One Warning Rule 18.2(d) is changed to: signal (d) Rules 18.2(b) and (c) cease to apply if the board entitled 4 P, I, U, or black One Preparatory to mark-room passes head to wind. flag signal 1 Preparatory flag One long One minute Rule 18.3 is deleted. removed 18.4 Gybing and Bearing Away 0 Class flag One Starting removed signal Rule 18.4 is changed to: *or as stated in the notice of race or sailing instructions When an inside overlapped right-of-way board must gybe or bear away at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes The warning signal for each succeeding class shall be made or bears away she shall sail no farther from the mark than with or after the starting signal of the preceding class. needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark. 26.2 System 2 (for Reaching Starts) Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times 22 CAPSIZED; AGROUND; RESCUING shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound Rule 22 is changed to: signal shall be disregarded. 22.1 If possible, a board shall avoid a board that is capsized or has Minutes Visual signal Sound Means not regained control after capsizing, is aground, or is trying to before starting signal help a person or vessel in danger. signal 3 Class flag Attention 22.2 If possible, a board that is capsized or aground shall not signal interfere with another board. 2 Red flag; One Warning 23 INTERFERING WITH ANOTHER BOARD; attention signal signal SAIL OUT OF WATER removed Add new rule 23.3: 1 Yellow flag; red One Preparatory 23.3 In the last minute before her starting signal, a board shall have flag removed signal her sail out of the water and in a normal position, except when ½ Yellow flag 30 seconds accidentally capsized. removed

0 Green flag One Starting B3 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 3 signal 26 STARTING RACES

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68 69 Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES

26.3 System 3 (for Beach Starts) 44 PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT (a) When the starting line is on the beach, or so close to the Rule 44 is changed to: beach that the competitor must stand in the water to 44.1 Taking a Penalty start, the start is a beach start. A board may take a 360°-Turn Penalty when she may have (b) The starting stations shall be numbered so that station 1 broken one or more rules of Part 2 in an incident while racing. is the most windward one. Unless the sailing instructions The sailing instructions may specify the use of some other specify some other system, a board’s starting station penalty. However, if the board caused injury or serious damage shall be determined or, despite taking a penalty, gained a significant advantage in (1) by ranking (the highest ranking board on station 1, the race or series by her breach, her penalty shall be to retire. the next highest on station 2, and so on), or 44.2 360°-Turn Penalty (2) by draw. After getting well clear of other boards as soon after the (c) After boards have been called to take their positions, the incident as possible, a board takes a 360°-Turn Penalty by race committee shall make the preparatory signal by promptly making a 360° turn with no requirement for a tack or displaying a red flag with one sound. The starting signal a gybe. When a board takes the penalty at or near the finishing shall be made, at any time after the preparatory signal, line, her hull shall be completely on the course side of the line by removing the red flag with one sound. before she finishes. (d) After the starting signal each board shall take the shortest route from her starting station to the water and then to 50 COMPETITOR CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT her sailing position without interfering with other boards. Rule 50.1(a) is changed to: Part 2 rules will apply when both of the competitor’s feet are on the board. (a) Competitors shall not wear or carry clothing or equipment for the purpose of increasing their weight. 30 STARTING PENALTIES However, a competitor may wear a drinking container that shall have a capacity of no more than 1.5 litres. Rule 30.2 is deleted. PART 4 RULES DELETED 31 TOUCHING A MARK Rules 45, 48.2, 49, 50.1(c), 50.2, 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56.1 are Rule 31 is changed to: deleted. A board may touch a mark but shall not hold on to it. B5 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 5 B4 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 4 60 RIGHT TO PROTEST; RIGHT TO REQUEST REDRESS OR RULE 42 PROPULSION 69 ACTION Rule 42 is changed to: Rule 60.1(a) is changed by deleting ‘or saw’.

A board shall be propelled only by the action of the wind on 61 PROTEST REQUIREMENTS the sail and by the action of the water on the hull. However, pumping and fanning the sail is permitted. The board shall not 61.1 Informing the Protestee be propelled by paddling, or walking. Rule 61.1(a) is changed to: (a) The protesting board shall inform the other board at the first reasonable opportunity. When her protest will concern an incident in the racing area, she shall hail 65 66

70 71 Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES

‘Protest’ at the first reasonable opportunity. She shall possible following the race. The protest committee may take also inform the race committee of her intention to protest evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may as soon as practicable after she finishes or retires. communicate its decision orally. However, 64 DECISIONS (1) if the other board is beyond hailing distance, the protesting board need not hail but she shall inform Rule 64.4(b) is changed to: the other board at the first reasonable opportunity; (b) When the protest committee is in doubt about a matter (2) no red flag need be displayed; concerning the measurement of a board, the meaning of a class rule, or damage to a board, it shall refer its (3) if the incident was an error by the other board in questions, together with the relevant facts, to an sailing the course, she need not hail but she shall authority responsible for interpreting the rule. In making inform the other board either before or at the first its decision, the committee shall be bound by the reply of reasonable opportunity after the other board the authority. finishes; (4) if at the time of the incident it is obvious to the 65 INFORMING THE PARTIES AND OTHERS protesting board that either competitor is in Add to rule 65.2: danger, or that injury or serious damage resulted, the requirements of this rule do not apply to her, This rule does not apply to a race in an elimination series that but she shall attempt to inform the other board will qualify a board to compete in a later stage of an event. within the time limit of rule 61.3. 70 APPEALS AND REQUESTS 61.2 Protest Contents TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Add to rule 61.2: Rules 70.5 and 70.5(a) are changed to: This rule does not apply to a race in an elimination series that 70.5 There shall be no appeal from the decisions of an international will qualify a board to compete in a later stage of an event. jury constituted in compliance with Appendix N, and no appeal from the decisions of the protest committee for a race in an 62 REDRESS elimination series that will qualify a board to compete in a later Rule 62.1(b) is changed to: stage of an event. Furthermore, if the notice of race or sailing instructions so state, the right of appeal may be denied (b) injury, physical damage or capsize because of the action provided that of (a) it is essential to determine promptly the result of a race (1) a board that broke a rule of Part 2 and took an that will qualify a board to compete in a a subsequent appropriate penalty or was penalized, or event (a national authority may prescribe that its (2) a vessel not racing that was required to keep clear. permission is required for such a procedure);

63 HEARINGS B6 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 6 63.6 Taking Evidence and Finding Facts 78 COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS RULES; CERTIFICATES Add to rule 63.6: Add to rule 78.1: ‘When so prescribed by World Sailing, a However, for an elimination series race that will qualify a board numbered and dated device on a board and her centreboard, to compete in a later stage of an event, protests and requests fin and rig shall serve as her measurement certificate.’ for redress need not be in writing; they shall be made orally to a member of the protest committee as soon as reasonably 67 68

72 73 Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES Appendix B WINDSURFING FLEET RACING RULES

B7 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 7 A8 SERIES TIES 90 RACE COMMITTEE; SAILING INSTRUCTIONS; SCORING Rule A8 is changed to: The last sentence of rule 90.2(c) is changed to: ‘Oral A8.1 If there is a series-score tie between two or more boards, each instructions may be given only if the procedure is stated in the board’s excluded race scores shall be listed in order of best to sailing instructions.’ worst, and at the first point(s) where there is a difference the tie shall be broken in favour of the board(s) with the best B8 CHANGES TO APPENDIX A excluded race score(s).

A1 NUMBER OF RACES; OVERALL SCORES A8.2 If a tie remains between two or more boards, each board’s race Rule A1 is changed to: scores, including excluded scores, shall be listed in order of The number of races scheduled and the number required to be best to worst, and at the first point(s) where there is a completed to constitute a series shall be stated in the notice of difference the tie shall be broken in favour of the board(s) with race or sailing instructions. If an event includes more than one the best score(s). These scores shall be used even if some of discipline or format, the notice of race or sailing instructions them are excluded scores. shall state how the overall scores are to be calculated. A8.3 If a tie still remains between two or more boards, they shall be A2 SERIES SCORES ranked in order of their scores in the last race. Any remaining ties shall be broken by using the tied boards’ scores in the next- Rule A2.1 is changed to: to-last race and so on until all ties are broken. These scores Each board’s series score shall, subject to rule 90.3(b), be the shall be used even if some of them are excluded scores. total of her race scores excluding her B9 CHANGES TO APPENDIX G (a) worst score when from 5 to 11 races have been completed, or G1 WORLD SAILING CLASS BOARDS (b) two worst scores when 12 or more races have been G1.3 Positioning completed. Rule G1.3 is changed to: However, the notice of race or sailing instructions may make a The class insignia shall be displayed once on each side of the different arrangement. A race is completed if scored; see rule sail in the area above a line projected at right angles from a 90.3(a). If a board has two or more equal worst scores, the point on the luff of the sail one-third of the distance from the score(s) for the race(s) sailed earliest in the series shall be head to the wishbone. The national letters and sail numbers excluded. The board with the lowest series score wins and shall be in the central third of that part of the sail above the others shall be ranked accordingly. wishbone, clearly separated from any advertising. They shall be black and applied back to back on an opaque white A5 SCORES DETERMINED BY THE RACE COMMITTEE background. The background shall extend a minimum of 30 Add new rule A5.4: mm beyond the characters. There shall be a ‘–’ between the A5.4 For an elimination series race that will qualify a board to national letters and the sail number, and the spacing between compete in a later stage of an event, a board that did not start, characters shall be adequate for legibility. did not sail the course, did not finish, retired or was disqualified shall be scored points equal to the number of boards permitted to sail in that race.

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74 75 Appendix C M ATCH RACING RULES APPENDIX C C2.6 Rule 13 is changed to: MATCH RACING RULES 13 WHILE TACKING OR GYBING 13.1 After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course. Match races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. Matches shall be umpired unless the 13.2 After the foot of the mainsail of a boat sailing downwind notice of race or sailing instructions state otherwise. crosses the centreline she shall keep clear of other boats until her mainsail has filled or she is no longer sailing downwind. Note: A Standard Notice of Race, Standard Sailing Instructions, and 13.3 While rule 13.1 or 13.2 applies, rules 10, 11 and 12 do not. Match Racing Rules for Blind Competitors are available at the World However, if two boats are subject to rule 13.1 or 13.2 at the Sailing website. same time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern

shall keep clear. C1 TERMINOLOGY ‘Competitor’ means the skipper, team or boat as appropriate for C2.7 Rule 16.2 is deleted. the event. ‘Flight’ means two or more matches started in the same starting sequence. C2.8 Rule 17 is deleted.

C2.9 Rule 18 is changed to: C2 CHANGES TO THE DEFINITIONS AND THE RULES OF PARTS 1, 2, 3 AND 4 18 MARK-ROOM C2.1 The definition Finish is changed to: 18.1 When Rule 18 Applies Finish A boat finishes when any part of her hull crosses the Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to leave finishing line from the course side after completing any a mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the zone. penalties. However, when penalties are cancelled under rule However, it does not apply between a boat approaching a mark C7.2(d) after one or both boats have finished each shall be and one leaving it. Rule 18 no longer applies between boats recorded as finished when she crossed the line. A boat has not when the boat entitled to mark-room is on the next leg and the finished if she continues to sail the course. mark is astern of her. 18.2 Giving Mark-Room C2.2 The definition Mark-Room is changed to: (a) When the first boat reaches the zone, Mark-Room Room for a boat to sail her proper course to round or pass the mark, and room to pass a finishing mark after (1) if boats are overlapped, the outside boat at that finishing. moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark- room. C2.3 Add to the definition Proper Course: ‘A boat taking a penalty or (2) if boats are not overlapped, the boat that has not manoeuvring to take a penalty is not sailing a proper course.’ reached the zone shall thereafter give mark-room. C2.4 In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull lengths. (b) If the boat entitled to mark-room leaves the zone, the entitlement to mark-room ceases and rule 18.2(a) is C2.5 Add new rule 7 to Part 1: applied again if required based on the relationship of the boats at the time rule 18.2(a) is re-applied. 7 LAST POINT OF CERTAINTY (c) If a boat obtained an inside overlap and, from the time The umpires will assume that the state of a boat, or her the overlap began, the outside boat is unable to give relationship to another boat, has not changed, until they are mark-room, she is not required to give it. certain that it has changed. 71 72

76 77 Appendix C M ATCH RACING RULES Appendix C M ATCH RACING RULES

18.3 Tacking or Gybing (e) help to recover from the water and return on board a crew (a) If mark-room for a boat includes a change of tack, such member, provided the return on board is at the approximate tack or gybe shall be done no faster than a tack or gybe location of the recovery. to sail her proper course. C2.16 Rule 42 shall also apply between the warning and preparatory (b) When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must signals. change tack at a mark to sail her proper course, until she changes tack she shall sail no farther from the mark than C2.17 Rule 42.2(d) is changed to: needed to sail that course. Rule 18.3(b) does not apply at (d) sculling: repeated movement of the helm to propel the boat a gate mark or a finishing mark and a boat shall be forward; exonerated for breaking this rule if the course of another boat was not affected before the boat changed tack. C3 RACE SIGNALS AND CHANGES TO RELATED RULES C2.10 Rule 20.4(a) is changed to: C3.1 Starting Signals (a) The following arm signals by the helmsman are required in The signals for starting a match shall be as follows. Times shall be addition to the hails: taken from the visual signals; the failure of a sound signal shall be disregarded. If more than one match will be sailed, the starting signal (1) for room to tack, repeatedly and clearly pointing to for one match shall be the warning signal for the next match. windward; and Time in Visual signal Sound Means (2) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other minutes signal boat and waving the arm to windward. 7 Flag F displayed One Attention signal C2.11 Rule 21.3 is deleted. 6 Flag F removed None C2.12 Rule 23.1 is changed to: 5 Numeral pennant One Warning signal 23.1 If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with displayed* a boat that is racing or an umpire boat. 4 Flag P displayed One Preparatory C2.13 Add new rule 23.3: signal 23.3 When boats in different matches meet, any change of course 2 Blue or yellow flag or One* * End of pre-start by either boat shall be consistent with complying with a rule or both displayed** entry time trying to win her own match. 1 Flag P removed One long C2.14 Rule 31 is changed to: 0 Warning signal removed One Starting signal

31 TOUCHING A MARK * Within a flight, numeral pennant 1 means Match 1, pennant 2 While racing, neither the crew nor any part of a boat’s hull shall means Match 2, etc., unless the sailing instructions state touch a starting mark before starting, a mark that begins, otherwise. bounds or ends the leg of the course on which she is sailing, or **These signals shall be made only if one or both boats fail to a finishing mark after finishing. In addition, while racing, a boat comply with rule C4.2. The flag(s) shall be displayed until the shall not touch a race committee vessel that is also a mark. umpires have signalled a penalty or for one minute, whichever is C2.15 Add new rule 41(e): earlier.

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C3.2 Changes to Related Rules C5 SIGNALS BY UMPIRES (a) Rule 29.1 is changed to: C5.1 A green and white flag with one long sound means ‘No penalty’.

(1) When at a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull is on C5.2 A blue or yellow flag identifying a boat with one long sound means the course side of the starting line or one of its ‘The identified boat shall take a penalty by complying with rule C7.’ extensions, the race committee shall promptly display a blue or yellow flag identifying the boat with one sound. C5.3 A red flag with or soon after a blue or yellow flag with one long sound The flag shall be displayed until the hull of the boat is means ‘The identified boat shall take a penalty by complying with completely on the pre-start side of the starting line or one rule C7.3(d).’ of its extensions or until two minutes after her starting signal, whichever is earlier. C5.4 A black flag with a blue or yellow flag and one long sound means (2) When after a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull ‘The identified boat is disqualified, and the match is terminated and crosses from the pre-start side to the course side of the awarded to the other boat.’ starting line across an extension without having started C5.5 One short sound means ‘A penalty is now completed.’ correctly, the race committee shall promptly display a blue or yellow flag identifying the boat. The flag shall be C5.6 Repetitive short sounds mean ‘A boat is no longer taking a penalty displayed until the hull of the boat is completely on the and the penalty remains.’ pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions or until two minutes after her starting signal, whichever C5.7 A blue or yellow flag or shape displayed from an umpire boat means is earlier. ‘The identified boat has an outstanding penalty.’ (b) In the race signal AP the last sentence is changed to: ‘The attention signal will be made 1 minute after removal unless at C6 PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS BY BOATS that time the race is postponed again or abandoned.’ C6.1 A boat may protest another boat (c) In the race signal N the last sentence is changed to: ‘The (a) under a rule of Part 2, except rule 14, by clearly displaying flag attention signal will be made 1 minute after removal unless at Y immediately after an incident in which she was involved; that time the race is abandoned again or postponed.’ (b) under any rule not listed in rule C6.1(a) or C6.2 by clearly C3.3 Finishing Line Signals displaying a red flag as soon as possible after the incident. The race signal Blue flag or shape shall not be used. C6.2 A boat may not protest another boat under

(a) rule 14, unless damage or injury results; C4 REQUIREMENTS BEFORE THE START (b) a rule of Part 2, unless she was involved in the incident; C4.1 At a boat’s preparatory signal, her hull shall be completely outside the line that is at a 90º angle to the starting line through the starting (c) rule 31 or 42; or mark at her assigned end. In the pairing list, the boat listed on the (d) rule C4 or C7. left-hand side is assigned the port end and shall display a blue flag at her stern while racing. The other boat is assigned the starboard C6.3 A boat requesting redress because of circumstances that arise while end and shall display a yellow flag at her stern while racing. she is racing or in the finishing area shall clearly display a red flag as soon as possible after she becomes aware of those circumstances, C4.2 Within the two-minute period following a boat’s preparatory signal, but no later than two minutes after finishing or retiring. her hull shall cross and clear the starting line, the first time from the course side to the pre-start side. C6.4 (a) A boat protesting under rule C6.1(a) shall remove flag Y before or as soon as possible after the umpires’ signal.

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(b) A boat protesting under rule C6.1(b) or requesting redress C7 PENALTY SYSTEM under rule C6.3 shall, for her protest or request to be valid, keep C7.1 Deleted Rule her red flag displayed until she has so informed the umpires after finishing or retiring. No written protest or request for Rule 44 is deleted. redress is required. C7.2 All Penalties C6.5 Umpire Decisions (a) A penalized boat may delay taking a penalty within the (a) After flag Y is displayed, the umpires shall decide whether to limitations of rule C7.3 and shall take it as follows: penalize any boat. They shall signal their decision in (1) When on a leg of the course to a windward mark, she compliance with rule C5.1, C5.2 or C5.3. However, shall gybe and, as soon as reasonably possible, luff to a (1) if the umpires decide to penalize a boat, and as a result close-hauled course. that boat will have more than two outstanding penalties, (2) When on a leg of the course to a leeward mark or the the umpires shall signal her disqualification under rule finishing line, she shall tack and, as soon as reasonably C5.4; possible, bear away to a course that is more than ninety (2) when the umpires penalize a boat under rule C8.2 and in degrees from the true wind. the same incident there is a flag Y from a boat, the (b) Add to rule 2: ‘When racing, a boat need not take a penalty umpires may disregard the flag Y. unless signalled to do so by an umpire.’ (b) The red-flag penalty in rule C5.3 shall be used when a boat has (c) A boat completes a leg of the course when any part of her hull gained a controlling position as a result of breaking a rule, but crosses the extension of the line from the previous mark the umpires are not certain that the conditions for an additional through the mark she is rounding, or on the last leg when she umpire-initiated penalty have been fulfilled. finishes. C6.6 Protest Committee Decisions (d) A penalized boat shall not be recorded as having finished until she takes her penalty and her hull is completely on the course (a) The protest committee may take evidence in any way it side of the line and she then finishes, unless the penalty is considers appropriate and may communicate its decision cancelled before or after she crosses the finishing line. orally. (e) If a boat has one or two outstanding penalties and the other (b) If the protest committee decides that a breach of a rule has had boat in her match is penalized, one penalty for each boat shall no significant effect on the outcome of the match, it may be cancelled except that a red-flag penalty shall not cancel or (1) impose a penalty of one point or part of one point; be cancelled by another penalty. (2) order a resail; or (f) If one boat has finished and is no longer racing, and the other (3) make another arrangement it decides is equitable, which boat has an outstanding penalty, the umpires may cancel the may be to impose no penalty. outstanding penalty. (c) The penalty for breaking rule 14 when damage or injury results C7.3 Penalty Limitations will be at the discretion of the protest committee, and may (a) A boat taking a penalty that includes a tack shall have the include exclusion from further races in the event. spinnaker head below the main-boom gooseneck from the C6.7 Add new rule N1.10 to Appendix N: time she passes head to wind until she is on a close-hauled course. N1.10 In rule N.1, one International Umpire may be appointed to the jury, or a panel of it, in place of one International Judge. (b) No part of a penalty may be taken inside the zone of a rounding mark that begins, bounds or ends the leg the boat is on. 77 78

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(c) If a boat has one outstanding penalty, she may take the penalty (b) deliberately broken a rule, or any time after starting and before finishing. If a boat has two (c) committed a breach of sportsmanship, outstanding penalties, she shall take one of them as soon as reasonably possible, but not before starting. she shall be penalized under rule C5.2, C5.3 or C5.4. (d) When the umpires display a red flag with or soon after a C8.4 If the umpires or protest committee members decide that a boat may penalty flag, the penalized boat shall take a penalty as soon as have broken a rule other than those listed in rules C6.1(a) and C6.2, reasonably possible, but not before starting. they shall so inform the protest committee for its action under rule 60.3 and rule C6.6 when appropriate. C7.4 Taking and Completing Penalties (a) When a boat with an outstanding penalty is on a leg to a C8.5 When, after one boat has started, the umpires are satisfied that the windward mark and gybes, or is on a leg to a leeward mark or other boat will not start, they may signal under rule C5.4 that the boat the finishing line and passes head to wind, she is taking a that did not start is disqualified and the match is terminated. penalty. C8.6 When the match umpires, together with at least one other umpire, (b) When a boat taking a penalty either does not take the penalty decide that a boat has broken rule 14 and damage resulted, they may correctly or does not complete the penalty as soon as impose a points-penalty without a hearing. The competitor shall be reasonably possible, she is no longer taking a penalty. The informed of the penalty as soon as practicable and, at the time of umpires shall signal this as required by rule C5.6. being so informed, may request a hearing. The protest committee (c) The umpire boat for each match shall display blue or yellow shall then proceed under rule C6.6. Any penalty decided by the flags or shapes, each flag or shape indicating one outstanding protest committee may be more than the penalty imposed by the penalty. When a boat has taken a penalty, or a penalty has been umpires. When the umpires decide that a penalty greater than one cancelled, one flag or shape shall be removed, with the point is appropriate, they shall act under rule C8.4. appropriate sound signal. Failure of the umpires to signal correctly shall not change the number of penalties outstanding. C9 REQUESTS FOR REDRESS OR REOPENING; APPEALS; OTHER PROCEEDINGS C8 PENALTIES INITIATED BY UMPIRES C9.1 There shall be no request for redress or an appeal from a decision C8.1 Rule Changes made under rule C5, C6, C7 or C8. In rule 66 the third sentence is changed to: ‘A party to the hearing may not ask for a reopening.’ Rules 60.2(a) and 60.3(a) do not apply to rules for which penalties may be imposed by umpires. C9.2 A competitor may not base a request for redress on a claim that an action by an official boat was improper. The protest committee may C8.2 When the umpires decide that a boat has broken rule 31, 42, C4, decide to consider giving redress in such circumstances but only if it C7.3(c) or C7.3(d) she shall be penalized by signalling her under rule believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat, may have C5.2 or C5.3. However, if a boat is penalized for breaking a rule of seriously interfered with a competing boat. Part 2 and if she in the same incident breaks rule 31, she shall not be penalized for breaking rule 31. Furthermore, a boat that displays an C9.3 No proceedings of any kind may be taken in relation to any action or incorrect flag or does not display the correct flag shall be warned non-action by the umpires, except as permitted in rule C9.2. orally and given an opportunity to correct the error before being penalized. C10 SCORING C8.3 When the umpires decide that a boat has C10.1 The winning competitor of each match scores one point (half a point each for a dead heat); the loser scores no points. (a) gained an advantage by breaking a rule after allowing for a penalty,

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C10.2 When a competitor withdraws from part of an event the scores of all completed races shall stand. C11 TIES

C10.3 When a single round robin is terminated before completion, or a C11.1 Round-Robin Series multiple round robin is terminated during the first round robin, a In a round-robin series competitors are assigned to one or more competitor's score shall be the average points scored per match groups and scheduled to sail against all other competitors in their sailed by the competitor. However, if any of the competitors have group one or more times. Each separate stage identified in the event completed less than one third of the scheduled matches, the entire format shall be a separate round-robin series irrespective of the round robin shall be disregarded and, if necessary, the event number of times each competitor sails against each other competitor declared void. For the purposes of tie-breaking in rule C11.1(a), a in that stage. competitor’s score shall be the average points scored per match between the tied competitors. Ties between two or more competitors in a round-robin series shall be broken by the following methods, in order, until all ties are C10.4 When a multiple round robin is terminated with an incomplete round broken. When one or more ties are only partially broken, rules robin, only one point shall be available for all the matches sailed C11.1(a) to C11.1(e) shall be reapplied to them. Ties shall be decided between any two competitors, as follows: in favour of the competitor(s) who Number of matches Points for each win (a) placed in order, has the highest score in the matches between completed the tied competitors; between any two competitors (b) when the tie is between two competitors in a multiple round 1 One point robin, has won the last match between the two competitors; 2 Half a point (c) has the most points against the competitor placed highest in the round-robin series or, if necessary, second highest, and so 3 A third of a point on until the tie is broken. When two separate ties have to be (etc.) resolved but the resolution of each depends upon resolving the other, the following principles shall be used in the rule C11.1(c) C10.5 In a round-robin series, procedure: (a) competitors shall be placed in order of their total scores, (1) the higher-place tie shall be resolved before the lower- highest score first; place tie, and (b) a competitor who has won a match but is disqualified for (2) all the competitors in the lower-place tie shall be treated breaking a rule against a competitor in another match shall lose as a single competitor for the purposes of rule C11.1(c); the point for that match (but the losing competitor shall not be (d) after applying rule C10.5(c), has the highest place in the awarded the point); and different groups, irrespective of the number of competitors in (c) the overall position between competitors who have sailed in each group; different groups shall be decided by the highest score. (e) has the highest place in the most recent stage of the event (fleet C10.6 In a knockout series the sailing instructions shall state the minimum race, round robin, etc.). number of points required to win a series between two competitors. C11.2 Knockout Series When a knockout series is terminated it shall be decided in favour of the competitor with the higher score. Ties (including 0–0) between competitors in a knockout series shall be broken by the following methods, in order, until the tie is broken. C10.7 When only one boat in a match fails to sail the course, she shall be The tie shall be decided in favour of the competitor who scored no points (without a hearing).

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86 87 Appendix C M ATCH RACING RULES (a) has the highest place in the most recent round-robin series, APPENDIX D applying rule C11.1 if necessary; (b) has won the most recent match in the event between the tied TEAM RACING RULES competitors. Team races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as C11.3 Remaining Ties changed by this appendix. When rule C11.1 or C11.2 does not resolve a tie, D1 CHANGES TO THE RACING RULES (a) if the tie needs to be resolved for a later stage of the event (or another event for which the event is a direct qualifier), the tie D1.1 Definitions and the Rules of Parts 2 and 4 shall be broken by a sail-off when practicable. When the race (a) In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull committee decides that a sail-off is not practicable, the tie shall lengths. be decided in favour of the competitor who has the highest score in the round-robin series after eliminating the score for (b) Rule 18.2(b) is changed to: the first race for each tied competitor or, should this fail to If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, break the tie, the second race for each tied competitor and so the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside on until the tie is broken. When a tie is partially resolved, the boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the remaining tie shall be broken by reapplying rule C11.1 or C11.2. zone, or she later becomes clear ahead when another boat (b) to decide the winner of an event that is not a direct qualifier passes head to wind, the boat clear astern at that moment shall for another event, or the overall position between competitors thereafter give her mark-room. eliminated in one round of a knockout series, a sail-off may be (c) Rule 18.4 is deleted. used (but not a draw). (d) When stated in the sailing instructions, rule 20 is changed so (c) when a tie is not broken any monetary prizes or ranking points that the following arm signals are required in addition to the for tied places shall be added together and divided equally hails: among the tied competitors. (1) for room to tack, repeatedly and clearly pointing to windward; and (2) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other boat and waving the arm to windward. (e) Rule 23.1 is changed to: ‘If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing, and a boat that has finished shall not act to interfere with a boat that has not finished.’ (f) Add new rule 23.3: ‘When boats in different races meet, any change of course by either boat shall be consistent with complying with a rule or trying to win her own race.’ (g) Add to rule 41: (e) help from another boat on her team provided electronic communication is not used. (h) Rule 45 is deleted.

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D1.2 Protests and Requests for Redress (d) There shall be no penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2 when the (a) Rule 60.1 is changed to: incident is between boats on the same team and there is no contact. A boat may (a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a D2 UMPIRED RACES rule of Part 2 unless she was involved in the incident or D2.1 When Rule D2 Applies the incident involved contact between members of the other team; or Rule D2 applies to umpired races. Races to be umpired shall be identified in the notice of race or sailing instructions or by the display (b) request redress. of flag J no later than the warning signal. (b) Rule 61.1(a) is changed so that the boat may remove her red flag after it has been conspicuously displayed. D2.2 Protests by Boats (c) The boat requesting redress for an incident in the racing area When a boat protests under a rule of Part 2 or under rule 31 or 42 for shall display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity after an incident in the racing area, she is not entitled to a hearing and the the incident. She shall display the red flag until it is following applies: acknowledged by the race committee or by an umpire. (a) She shall hail ‘Protest’ and conspicuously display a red flag at (d) The race committee or protest committee shall not protest a the first reasonable opportunity for each. boat for breaking a rule of Part 2 or rule 31 or 42 except (b) The boats shall be given time to respond. (1) based on evidence in a report from an umpire after a (c) If no boat takes a penalty or clearly indicates that she will do black and white flag has been displayed; or so, an umpire shall decide whether to penalize any boat. (2) under rule 14 upon receipt of a report from any source (d) If more than one boat breaks a rule, an umpire shall decide alleging damage or injury. whether to penalize any boat that did not take a penalty. (e) Protests and requests for redress need not be in writing. The (e) An umpire shall signal a decision in compliance with rule D2.4. protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally. D2.3 Penalties Initiated by an Umpire (f) A boat is not entitled to redress based on damage or injury An umpire may penalize a boat without a protest by another boat, or caused by another boat on her team. report the incident to the protest committee, or both, when the boat (g) When a supplied boat suffers a breakdown, rule D5 applies. (a) breaks rule 31 or 42 and does not take a penalty; (b) breaks a rule of Part 2 and makes contact with another boat on D1.3 Penalties her team or with a boat in another race, and no boat takes a (a) Rule 44.1 is changed to: penalty; A boat may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have (c) breaks a rule and her team gains an advantage despite her, or broken one or more rules of Part 2, or rule 31 or 42, in an another boat on her team, taking a penalty; incident while racing. However, when she may have broken a (d) breaks rule 14 and there is damage or injury; rule of Part 2 and rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty for breaking rule 31. (e) breaks rule D1.3(b); (b) When a boat clearly indicates that she will take a penalty under (f) fails to take a penalty signalled by an umpire; rule 44.1, she shall take that penalty. (g) commits a breach of sportsmanship. (c) A boat may take a penalty by retiring and informing the race The umpire shall signal a decision in compliance with rule D2.4. committee or an umpire. 85 86

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D2.4 Signals by an Umpire (e) When a protest committee decides that a boat that is a party to An umpire shall signal a decision with one long sound and the a protest hearing has broken a rule and is not exonerated, display of a flag as follows: (1) if the boat has not taken a penalty, 6 points shall be added (a) For no penalty, a green and white flag. to her score; (b) To penalize one or more boats, a red flag. The umpire shall hail (2) if the boat’s team has gained an advantage despite any or signal to identify each boat penalized. penalty taken or imposed, the boat’s score may be increased; (c) To report the incident to the protest committee, a black and white flag. (3) when the boat has broken rule 1 or 2, rule 14 when she has caused damage or injury, or a rule when not racing, D2.5 Penalties Imposed by Umpires half or more race wins may be deducted from her team, or no penalty may be imposed. Race wins deducted shall A boat penalized by an umpire shall take a Two-Turns Penalty. not be awarded to any other team. However, when a penalty is imposed under rule D2.3 and an umpire hails or signals a number of turns, the boat shall take that number of D3.2 When all boats on one team have finished, retired or failed to start, One-Turn Penalties. the other team’s boats racing at that time shall be scored the points they would have received had they finished. D2.6 Limitations on Other Proceedings (a) A breach of rule D2.5 shall not be grounds for a protest by a D3.3 The team with the lower total points wins the race. If the totals are boat. equal, the team that does not have first place wins.

(b) A decision, action or non-action of an umpire shall not be D4 SCORING AN EVENT (1) grounds for redress, D4.1 Terminology (2) subject to an appeal under rule 70, or (a) The format of an event consists of one or more stages. (3) grounds for abandoning a race after it has started. (b) In a round-robin stage, teams are divided into one or more (c) The protest committee may decide to consider giving redress groups, and each group is scheduled to sail one or more round- when it believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat, robins. may have seriously interfered with a competing boat. (c) A round-robin consists of each team in a group sailing one race against each other team in that group. D3 SCORING A RACE (d) A knockout stage consists of one or more rounds in which each D3.1 (a) Each boat finishing a race and not retiring thereafter shall be team sails one match. A match is one or more races between scored points equal to her finishing place. All other boats shall two teams. be scored points equal to the number of boats entitled to race. (b) When a boat is scored OCS, 10 points shall be added to her D4.2 Event Format score unless she retired as soon as possible after the starting (a) The sailing instructions shall state the format and stages of the signal. event, and any special scoring rules. (c) When a boat fails to take a penalty imposed by an umpire at or (b) In order to conclude an event, the race committee may change near the finishing line, she shall be scored as retired. or terminate any part of the format at any reasonable time (d) When a boat is scored as retired after finishing, each boat with taking into account the entries, weather, time constraints and a worse finishing place shall be moved up one place. other relevant factors. D4.3 Scoring a Round-Robin Stage 87 88

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(a) Teams in a round-robin group shall be ranked in order of higher number of race wins in that match or, if this is a tie, the number of race wins, highest first. If the teams have not team that won the last race of the match. completed an equal number of races, they shall be ranked in (c) (1) Teams that win in a round shall be ranked ahead of those order of the percentage of races won, highest first. that lose. (b) However, if a round-robin is terminated when fewer than 80% (2) Teams that lose in a round and do not sail again shall be of its scheduled races have been completed, its race results equally ranked. shall not be included, but shall be used to break ties between teams in the group who all sailed each other in the terminated (3) In a round that is not scored, teams shall be ranked in round-robin. order of their places in the previous stage of the event, with teams from different groups ranked separately. (c) Results from a previous round-robin stage shall only be carried forward if stated in the sailing instructions. D5 BREAKDOWNS WHEN BOATS ARE SUPPLIED BY D4.4 Round-Robin Tie Breaks THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY Ties in a round-robin stage shall be broken using results from that D5.1 Rule D5 applies when boats are supplied by the organizing authority. stage only. D5.2 When a boat suffers a breakdown in the racing area, she may request (a) If the tied teams have all sailed each other at least once in the a score change by displaying a red flag at the first reasonable stage, the tie shall be broken in the order below. opportunity after the breakdown until it is acknowledged by the race (1) Percentage of races won in all races between the tied committee or by an umpire. If possible, she shall continue racing. teams, highest first; D5.3 The race committee shall decide requests for a score change in (2) Average points per race in all races between the tied accordance with rules D5.4 and D5.5. It may take evidence in any way teams, lowest first; it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.

(3) If two teams remain tied, the winner of the last race D5.4 When the race committee decides that the team’s finishing position between them; was made significantly worse, that the breakdown was through no (4) Average points per race in all races against common fault of the crew, and that in the same circumstances a reasonably opponents, lowest first; competent crew would not have been able to avoid the breakdown, (5) A sail-off if possible, otherwise a game of chance. it shall make as equitable a decision as possible. This may be to abandon and resail the race or, when the boat’s finishing position (b) Otherwise, the tie shall be broken using only steps (4) and (5) was predictable, award her points for that position. Any doubt about above. a boat’s position when she broke down shall be resolved against her. (c) When a tie is partially broken by one of the above, the remaining tie shall be broken in accordance with D4.4(a) or (b) D5.5 A breakdown caused by defective supplied equipment or a breach of as appropriate. a rule by an opponent shall not normally be determined to be the fault of the crew, but one caused by careless handling, capsizing or D4.5 Scoring a Knockout Stage a breach by a boat on the same team shall be. If there is doubt, it shall be presumed that the crew are not at fault. (a) A round shall not be scored unless at least one race has been completed in each match in that round. The final and petit-final are separate rounds. (b) The winner of a match shall be the first team to score the number of race wins stated in the sailing instructions. If a match is terminated, the winner shall be the team with the 89 90

94 95 Appendix E RADIO SAILING RACING RULES APPENDIX E (c) Rule 22 is changed to: ‘If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is disabled.’ RADIO SAILING RACING RULES (d) Rule 90.2(c) is changed to: Changes to the sailing instructions may be communicated Radio sailing races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing orally to all affected competitors before the warning signal of as changed by this appendix. the relevant race or heat. When appropriate, changes shall be confirmed in writing. Note: A Test Rule for Umpired Radio Sailing is available at the World

Sailing website. E2 ADDITIONAL RULES WHEN RACING

E1 CHANGES TO THE DEFINITIONS, TERMINOLOGY AND THE RULES Rule E2 applies only while boats are racing. OF PARTS 1, 2 AND 7 E2.1 Hailing Requirements E1.1 Definitions (a) A hail shall be made and repeated as appropriate so that the Add to the definition Conflict of Interest: competitors to whom the hail is directed might reasonably be expected to hear it. However, an observer does not have a conflict of interest solely by being a competitor. (b) When a rule requires a boat to hail or respond, the hail shall be made by the competitor controlling the boat. In the definition Zone the distance is changed to four hull lengths. (c) The individual digits of a boat’s sail number shall be hailed; for Add new definition: example ‘one five’, not ‘fifteen’. Disabled A boat is disabled while she is unable to continue in E2.2 Giving Advice the heat. A competitor shall not give tactical or strategic advice to a competitor E1.2 Terminology controlling a boat that is racing. The Terminology paragraph of the Introduction is changed so that: E2.3 Boat Out of Radio Control (a) ‘Boat’ means a sailboat controlled by radio signals and having A competitor who loses radio control of his boat shall promptly hail no crew. However, in the rules of Part 1 and Part 5, rule E6 and ‘(The boat’s sail number) out of control’ and the boat shall retire. the definitions Party and Protest, ‘boat’ includes the competitor controlling her. E2.4 Transmitter Aerials (b) ‘Competitor’ means the person designated to control a boat If a transmitter aerial is longer than 200mm when extended, the using radio signals. extremity shall be adequately protected. (c) In the racing rules, but not in its appendices, replace the noun E2.5 Radio Interference ‘race’ with ‘heat’. In Appendix E a race consists of one or more heats and is completed when the last heat in the race is Transmission of radio signals that cause interference with the control completed. of other boats is prohibited. A competitor that has broken this rule shall not race again until permitted to do so by the race committee. E1.3 Rules of Parts 1, 2 and 7 (a) Rule 1.2 is deleted. (b) Hails under rules 20.1 and 20.3 shall include the words ‘room’ and ‘tack' and the sail number of the hailing boat, in any order.

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E3 CONDUCT OF A RACE The warning signal for a new start will normally be made shortly E3.1 Control Area thereafter. Unless the sailing instructions specify a control area, it shall be E3.7 U Flag and Black Flag Rules unrestricted. Competitors shall be in this area when controlling boats When the race committee informs a boat that she has broken rule that are racing, except briefly to handle and then release or relaunch 30.3 or 30.4, the boat shall immediately leave the course area. the boat. E3.8 Other Changes to the Rules of Part 3 E3.2 Launching Area (a) Rules 30.2 and 33 are deleted. Unless the sailing instructions specify a launching area and its use, it shall be unrestricted. (b) All race committee signals shall be made orally or by other sounds. No visual signals are required unless specified in the E3.3 Course Board sailing instructions. When the sailing instructions require a course board to be displayed, (c) Courses shall not be shortened. it shall be located in or adjacent to the control area. (d) Rule 32.1(a) is changed to: ‘because of foul weather or E3.4 Starting and Finishing thunderstorms,’. (a) Rule 26 is changed to: E3.9 Disabled Competitors Heats shall be started using warning, preparatory and starting The race committee may make or permit reasonable arrangements signals at one-minute intervals. During the minute before the to assist disabled competitors to compete on as equal terms as starting signal, additional sound or oral signals shall be made possible. A boat or the competitor controlling her that receives any at ten-second intervals, and during the final ten seconds at one- such assistance, including help from a support person, does not second intervals. Each signal shall be timed from the beginning break rule 41. of its sound. (b) The starting and finishing lines shall be between the course E4 RULES OF PART 4 sides of the starting and finishing marks. E4.1 Deleted Rules in Part 4

E3.5 Individual Recall Rules 40, 44.3, 45, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55 and 56 are deleted. Rule 29.1 is changed to: E4.2 Outside Help When at a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull is on the course Rule 41 is changed to: side of the starting line or when she must comply with rule 30.1, the A boat or the competitor controlling her shall not receive help from race committee shall promptly hail ‘Recall (sail numbers)’. If rule 30.3 any outside source, except or 30.4 applies this rule does not. (a) help needed as a direct result of a competitor becoming ill, E3.6 General Recall injured or in danger; Rule 29.2 is changed to: (b) when the boat is entangled with another boat, help from the When at the starting signal the race committee is unable to identify other competitor; boats that are on the course side of the starting line or to which rule (c) when the boat is disabled or in danger, help from the race 30 applies, or there has been an error in the starting procedure, the committee; race committee may hail ‘General recall’ and make two loud sounds. (d) help in the form of information freely available to all competitors; 93 94

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(e) unsolicited information from a disinterested source. A E6.1 Right to Protest competitor is not a disinterested source unless acting as an Rule 60.1 is changed to: observer. A boat may E4.3 Taking a Penalty (a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule of Rule 44.1 is changed to: Part 2, 3 or 4 unless she was scheduled to sail in that heat; or A boat may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken one (b) request redress. or more rules of Part 2, or rule 31, in an incident while racing. However, a boat or competitor may not protest for an alleged breach However, of rules E2 or E3.7. (a) when she may have broken a rule of Part 2 and rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty for breaking rule E6.2 Protest for a Rule Broken by a Competitor 31; When a race committee, protest committee or technical committee (b) if the boat gained an advantage in the heat or race by her learns that a competitor may have broken a rule, it may protest the breach despite taking a penalty, her penalty shall be additional boat controlled by that competitor. One-Turn Penalties until her advantage is lost; E6.3 Informing the Protestee (c) if the boat caused serious damage, or as a result of breaking a rule of Part 2 she caused another boat to become disabled and Rule 61.1(a) is changed to: retire, her penalty shall be to retire. The protesting boat shall inform the other boat at the first reasonable opportunity. When her protest concerns an incident in the racing E4.4 Person in Charge area, she shall hail ‘(Her own sail number) protest (the sail number Rule 46 is changed to: ‘The member or organization that entered the of the other boat)’. boat shall designate the competitor. See rule 75.’ E6.4 Informing the Race Committee E5 RACING WITH OBSERVERS AND UMPIRES The boat protesting or requesting redress about an incident while E5.1 Observers racing shall inform the race committee as soon as reasonably possible after finishing or retiring. (a) The race committee may appoint observers, who may be competitors. E6.5 Time Limits (b) Observers shall hail the sail numbers of boats that make A protest, request for redress or request for reopening shall be contact with a mark or another boat. delivered to the race committee no later than ten minutes after the (c) At the end of a heat, observers shall report to the race last boat in the heat finishes or after the relevant incident, whichever committee all unresolved incidents, and any failure to sail the is later. course. E6.6 Redress E5.2 Rules for Observers and Umpires Add to rule 62.1: Observers and umpires shall be located in the control area. They (e) external radio interference acknowledged by the race shall not use any aid or device that gives them a visual advantage committee, or over competitors. (f) becoming disabled because of the action of a boat that was breaking a rule of Part 2 or of a vessel not racing that was E6 PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS required to keep clear.

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E6.7 Right to Be Present G1 WORLD SAILING AND IRSA CLASS BOATS In rule 63.3(a) ‘the representatives of boats shall have been on board’ This rule applies to every boat of a class administered or is changed to ‘the representative of each boat shall be the competitor recognised by World Sailing or by the International Radio designated to control her’. Sailing Association (IRSA).

E6.8 Taking Evidence and Finding Facts G1.1 Identification Add new rule 63.6(e): (a) A boat of a World Sailing or IRSA Class shall display her class insignia, national letters and sail number as (e) When the protest concerns an alleged breach of a rule of Part specified in rule G1, unless her class rules state 2, 3 or 4, any witness shall have been in the control area at the otherwise. time of the incident. If the witness is a competitor who was not acting as an observer, he shall also have been scheduled to (b) At world and continental championships, sails shall race in the relevant heat. comply with these rules. At other events they shall comply with these rules or the rules applicable at the time E6.9 Decisions on Redress of their initial certification. Add to rule 64.3: G1.2 National Letters If a boat is given redress because she was damaged, her redress shall At all international events, a boat shall display national letters include reasonable time, but not more than 30 minutes, to make in accordance with the table of National Sail Letters denoting: repairs before her next heat. (a) when entered under rule 75(a), the national authority of E7 PENALTIES the nationality, place of residence, or affiliation of the owner or the member. When a protest committee decides that a boat that is a party to a protest hearing has broken a rule other than a rule of Part 2, 3 or 4, it (b) when entered under rule 75(b), the national authority of shall either the organisation which entered her. (a) disqualify her or add any number of points (including zero and For the purposes of this rule, international events are world and fractions of points) to her score. The penalty shall be applied, continental championships and events described as if possible, to the heat or race in which the rule was broken; international events in their notices of race and sailing otherwise it shall be applied to the next heat or race for that instructions. boat. When points are added, the scores of other boats shall Note: An up-to-date version of the National Sail Letters table is not be changed; or available on the World Sailing website. (b) require her to take one or more One-Turn Penalties that shall be taken as soon as possible after the starting signal of her next G1.3 Sail numbers heat that is started and not subsequently recalled or (a) The sail number shall be the last two digits of the boat's abandoned. registration number or the competitor’s or owner’s However, if the boat has broken a rule in Appendix G or rule E8, the personal number, allotted by the relevant issuing protest committee shall act in accordance with rule G4. authority. (b) When there is conflict between sail numbers, or when a E8 CHANGES TO APPENDIX G, IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS sail number may be misread, the race committee shall Rule G1, except the table of National Sail Letters, is changed to: require that the sail numbers of one or more boats be changed to numeric alternatives. 97 98

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G1.4 Specifications G1.6 Exceptions (a) National letters and sail numbers shall be in capital (a) Where the size of the sail prevents compliance with rule letters and Arabic numerals, clearly legible and of the G1.2, National Letters, then exceptions to rules G1.2, same colour. Commercially available typefaces giving G1.4, and G1.5 shall be made in the following order of the same or better legibility than Helvetica are precedence. National letters shall acceptable. (1) be spaced vertically below sail numbers by less (b) The height and spacing of letters and numbers shall be than 30 mm, but no less than 20 mm; as follows: (2) be spaced on opposite sides of the sail by less than Dimension Minimum Maximum 30 mm, but no less than 20 mm; Height of sail numbers 100 mm 110 mm (3) be reduced in height to less than 45 mm, but no less than 40 mm; Spacing of adjacent 20 mm 30 mm sail numbers (4) be omitted. Height of national letters 60 mm 70 mm (b) Where the size of the sail prevents compliance with rule G1.3, Sail Numbers, then exceptions to rules G1.4 and Spacing of adjacent 13 mm 23 mm G1.5 shall be made in the following order of precedence. national letters Sail numbers shall G1.5 Positioning (1) extend below the specified line; (a) Class insignia, sail numbers and national letters shall be (2) be spaced on opposite sides of the sail by less than positioned 30 mm, but no less than 20 mm apart; (1) on both sides of the sail; (3) be reduced in height to less than 90 mm, but no less than 80 mm; (2) with those on the starboard side uppermost; (4) be omitted on all except the largest sail; (3) approximately horizontally; (5) be reduced in height until they do fit on the largest (4) with no less than 40 mm vertical spacing between sail. numbers and letters on opposite sides of the sail; (5) with no less than 20 mm vertical spacing between class insignia on opposite sides of the sail. However, symmetrical or reversed class insignia may be positioned back to back. (b) On a mainsail, sail numbers shall be positioned (1) below class insignia; (2) above the line perpendicular to the luff through the quarter leech point; (3) above national letters; (4) with sufficient space in front of the sail number for a prefix ‘1’.

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APPENDIX F Keep Clear A kiteboard keeps clear of a right-of-way kiteboard (a) if the right-of-way kiteboard can sail her course with no need KITEBOARDING RACING RULES to take avoiding action and, (b) when the kiteboards are overlapped, if the right-of-way Kiteboarding course races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of kiteboard can also change course in both directions or move Sailing as changed by this appendix. The term ‘boat’ elsewhere in her in any direction without immediately making contact. the racing rules means ‘kiteboard’ or ‘boat’ as appropriate. Leeward and Windward A kiteboard’s leeward side is the side that Note: Rules for other kiteboarding racing formats (such as Short is or, when she is head to wind, was away from the wind. However, Track, Kitecross, Slalom, Boarder X) or other kiteboarding when sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the competitions (such as Freestyle, Wave, Big Air, Speed) are not side on which her kite lies. The other side is her windward side. When included in this appendix. Links to current versions of these rules can two kiteboards on the same tack overlap, the one whose hull is on be found on the World Sailing website. the leeward side of the other’s hull is the leeward kiteboard. The other is the windward kiteboard. CHANGES TO THE DEFINITIONS The definitions Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap, Finish, Keep Mark-Room Room for a kiteboard to sail her proper course to round Clear, Leeward and Windward, Mark-Room, Obstruction, Start, Tack, or pass the mark on the required side. Starboard or Port and Zone are changed to: Obstruction An object that a kiteboard could not pass without Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap One kiteboard is clear astern substantially changing her course or the position of her kite, if she of another when her hull is behind a line abeam from the aftermost were sailing directly towards it and 10 metres from it. An object that point of the other kiteboard’s hull. The other kiteboard is clear ahead. can be safely passed on only one side and an object, area or line so They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also designated by the sailing instructions are also obstructions. overlap when a kiteboard between them overlaps both. If there is However, a kiteboard racing is not an obstruction to other kiteboards reasonable doubt that two kiteboards are overlapped, it shall be unless they are required to keep clear of her or, if rule 22 applies, presumed that they are not. These terms always apply to kiteboards avoid her. A vessel under way, including a kiteboard racing, is never on the same tack. They apply to kiteboards on opposite tacks only a continuing obstruction. when both kiteboards are sailing more than ninety degrees from the Start A kiteboard starts when, her hull and the competitor having true wind. been entirely on the pre-start side of the starting line at or after her Finish A kiteboard finishes when, after starting, while the competitor starting signal, and having complied with rule 30.1 if it applies, any is in contact with the hull, any part of her hull, or the competitor, part of her hull or the competitor crosses the starting line from the crosses the finishing line from the course side. However, she has not pre-start side to the course side. finished if after crossing the finishing line she Tack, Starboard or Port A kiteboard is on the tack, starboard or port, (a) takes a penalty under rule 44.2, corresponding to the competitor’s hand that would be forward if the (b) corrects an error in sailing the course made at the line, or competitor were in normal riding position (riding heel side with both hands on the control bar and arms not crossed). A kiteboard is on (c) continues to sail the course. starboard tack when the competitor’s right hand would be forward and is on the port tack when the competitor’s left hand would be forward.

Zone The area around a mark within a distance of 30 metres. A kiteboard is in the zone when any part of her hull is in the zone.

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Add the following definitions: 18 MARK-ROOM Capsized A kiteboard is capsized if Rule 18 is changed to: (a) her kite is in the water, or 18.1 When Rule 18 Applies (b) her lines are tangled with another kiteboard’s lines. Rule 18 applies between kiteboards when they are required to leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the Jumping A kiteboard is jumping when her hull, its appendages and zone. However, it does not apply the competitor are clear of the water. (a) between a kiteboard approaching a mark and one leaving Recovering it, or (a) A kiteboard is recovering from the time she loses steerage way (b) between kiteboards on opposite tacks. until she regains it, unless she is capsized. Rule 18 no longer applies between kiteboards when mark- (b) A kiteboard is recovering from the time her kite is out of the room has been given. water until she has steerage way. 18.2 Giving Mark-Room F1 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 1 (a) When the first kiteboard reaches the zone, [No changes.] (1) if kiteboards are overlapped, the outside kiteboard at that moment shall thereafter give the inside F2 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 2 kiteboard mark-room. PART 2 — PREAMBLE (2) if kiteboards are not overlapped, the kiteboard that In the second sentence of the preamble, ‘injury or serious has not reached the zone shall thereafter give mark- damage’ is changed to ‘injury, serious damage or a tangle’. room. (b) If the kiteboard entitled to mark-room leaves the zone, the 13 WHILE TACKING entitlement to mark-room ceases and rule 18.2(a) is Rule 13 is deleted. applied again if required based on the relationship of the kiteboards at the time rule 18.2(a) is re-applied. 16 CHANGING COURSE OR KITE POSITION (c) If a kiteboard obtained an inside overlap and, from the Rule 16 is changed to: time the overlap began, the outside kiteboard is unable 16.1 When a right-of-way kiteboard changes course or the position to give mark-room, she is not required to give it. of her kite, she shall give the other kiteboard room to continue 18.3 Tacking and Gybing keeping clear. When an inside overlapped right-of-way kiteboard must 16.2 In addition, on a beat to windward when a port-tack kiteboard change tack at a mark to sail her proper course, until she is keeping clear by sailing to pass to leeward of a starboard- changes tack she shall sail no farther from the mark than tack kiteboard, the starboard-tack kiteboard shall not bear away needed to sail that course. Rule 18.3 does not apply at a gate or change the position of her kite if as a result the port-tack mark or a finishing mark and a kiteboard shall not be penalized kiteboard must change course or the position of her kite for breaking this rule unless the course of another kiteboard immediately to continue keeping clear. was affected by the breach of this rule.

17 ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE 20 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION Rule 17 is deleted. Rule 20.1(a) is changed to: 103 104

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(a) she is approaching an obstruction, and, to avoid it safely, Minutes before Visual signal Sound Means will soon need to make a substantial change of her starting signal signal course or the position of her kite, and Warning Add new rule 20.5: 3 Class flag One signal 20.5 Arm Signals Preparatory 2 U or black flag One The following arm signals are required in addition to the hails signal (a) for room to tack, repeatedly and clearly circling one hand U or black flag over the head; and 1 removed One long One minute (b) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other Class flag Starting kiteboard and waving the arm to windward. 0 One removed signal SECTION D — PREAMBLE 29 RECALLS The preamble to Section D is changed to: Rule 29.1 is deleted. When rule 21 or 22 applies between two kiteboards, Section A and C rules do not. 30 STARTING PENALTIES 21 STARTING ERRORS; TAKING PENALTIES; JUMPING Rules 30.1 and 30.2 are deleted. Rule 21.3 is changed and new rule 21.4 is added: In rules 30.3 and 30.4, ‘hull’ is changed to ‘hull or competitor’. In rule 30.4, ‘sail number’ is changed to ‘competitor number’. 21.3 During the last minute before her starting signal, a kiteboard that stops, slows down significantly, or one that is not making 31 TOUCHING A MARK significant forward progress shall keep clear of all others unless she is accidentally capsized. Rule 31 is changed to: While racing, a kiteboard shall not touch a windward mark. 21.4 A kiteboard that is jumping shall keep clear of one that is not. 36 RACES RESTARTED OR RESAILED 22 CAPSIZED; RECOVERING; AGROUND; RESCUING Rule 36(b) is changed to: Rule 22 is changed to: (b) cause a kiteboard to be penalized except under rule 2, 22.1 If possible, a kiteboard shall avoid a kiteboard that is capsized, 30.2, 30.4 or 69 or under rule 14 when she has caused is aground, or is trying to help a person or vessel in danger. injury, serious damage or a tangle.

22.2 A kiteboard that is recovering shall keep clear of a kiteboard F4 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 4 that is not. 41 OUTSIDE HELP F3 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 3 Add new rules 41(e) and 41(f): 26 STARTING RACES (e) help from another competitor in the same race to assist Rule 26 is changed to: a relaunch; Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times (f) help to change equipment, but only in the launching area. shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded. 105 106

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42 PROPULSION (b) if the kiteboard caused injury, damage or a tangle or, Rule 42 is changed to: despite taking a penalty, gained a significant advantage or caused significant disadvantage to the other kiteboard 42.1 Basic Rule in the race or series by her breach, her penalty shall be to retire. Except when permitted in rule 42.2, a kiteboard shall compete by using only the wind and water to increase, maintain or 44.2 One-Turn Penalty decrease her speed. After getting well clear of other kiteboards as soon after the 42.2 Exceptions incident as possible, a kiteboard takes a One-Turn Penalty by promptly making one turn with her hull appendage in the (a) A kiteboard may be propelled by unassisted actions of water. The turn shall include one completed tack and one the competitor on the kiteboard. completed gybe. When a kiteboard takes the penalty at or near (b) A competitor may swim, walk or paddle while capsized the finishing line, her hull and competitor shall be completely or recovering, provided that the kiteboard does not gain on the course side of the line before she finishes. a significant advantage in the race. 50 COMPETITOR CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT (c) Any means of propulsion may be used to help a person or another vessel in danger. Rule 50.1(a) is changed to: (a) Competitors shall not wear or carry clothing or 43 EXONERATION equipment for the purpose of increasing their weight. Rule 43.1(c) is changed to: However, a competitor may wear a drinking container (c) A right-of-way kiteboard, or one sailing within the room that shall have a capacity of at least one litre and weigh or mark-room to which she is entitled, is exonerated for no more than 1.5 kilograms when full. breaking rule 14 if the contact does not cause damage, PART 4 RULES DELETED injury or a tangle. Rules 45, 48, 49, 50.2, 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56.1 are deleted. Add new rule 43.1(d): (d) When a kiteboard breaks rule 15 and there is no contact, F5 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 5 she is exonerated for her breach. 61 PROTEST REQUIREMENTS 44 PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT Rule 61.1(a) is changed to: Rules 44.1 and 44.2 are changed to: (a) The protesting kiteboard shall inform the other kiteboard at the first reasonable opportunity. When her protest will 44.1 Taking a Penalty concern an incident in the racing area, she shall hail A kiteboard may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have ‘Protest’ at the first reasonable opportunity. However, broken one or more rules of Part 2 or rule 31 in an incident (1) if the other kiteboard is beyond hailing distance, the while racing. Alternatively, the notice of race or sailing protesting kiteboard need not hail but she shall instructions may specify the use of the Scoring Penalty or some inform the other kiteboard at the first reasonable other penalty, in which case the specified penalty shall replace opportunity; the One-Turn Penalty. However, (2) no red flag need be displayed; (a) when a kiteboard may have broken a rule of Part 2 and rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty (3) if the incident was an error by the other kiteboard for breaking rule 31; and in sailing the course, she need not hail but she shall 107 108

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inform the other kiteboard before that kiteboard decision, the committee shall be bound by the reply of finishes or at the first reasonable opportunity after the authority. she finishes; 70 APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY (4) if at the time of the incident it is obvious to the protesting kiteboard that either competitor is in Add new rule 70.7: danger, or that injury, serious damage or a tangle 70.7 Appeals are not permitted in disciplines and formats with resulted, the requirements of this rule do not apply elimination series. to her, but she shall attempt to inform the other kiteboard within the time limit of rule 61.3. F6 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 6 63 HEARINGS [No changes.]

For a race of an elimination series that will qualify a kiteboard F7 CHANGES TO THE RULES OF PART 7 to compete in a later stage of an event, rules 61.2 and 65.2 are deleted and rule 63.6 is changed to: 90 RACE COMMITTEE; SAILING INSTRUCTIONS; SCORING 63.6 Protests and requests for redress need not be in writing; they The last sentence of rule 90.2(c) is changed to: ‘Oral shall be made orally to a member of the protest committee as instructions may be given only if the procedure is stated in the soon as reasonably possible following the race. The protest sailing instructions.’ committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally. F8 CHANGES TO APPENDIX A A1 NUMBER OF RACES; OVERALL SCORES 64 DECISIONS Rule A1 is changed to: Add new rule 64.2(c): The number of races scheduled and the number required to be (c) if a kiteboard has broken a rule and, as a result, caused a completed to constitute a series shall be stated in the notice of tangle for the second or subsequent time during the race or sailing instructions. If an event includes more than one event, her penalty shall be a disqualification that is not discipline or format, the notice of race or sailing instructions excludable. shall state how the overall scores are to be calculated. Rules 64.4(a) and 64.4(b) are changed to: A5 SCORES DETERMINED BY THE RACE COMMITTEE (a) When the protest committee finds that deviations in Rule A5.2 is changed to: excess of acceptable manufacturing tolerances were caused by damage or normal wear and do not improve A5.2 A kiteboard that did not start, did not sail the course, did not the performance of the kiteboard, it shall not penalize her. finish, retired or was disqualified shall be scored points for the However, the kiteboard shall not race again until the finishing place one more than the number of kiteboards deviations have been corrected, except when the protest entered in the series or, in a race of an elimination series, the committee decides there is or has been no reasonable number of kiteboards in that heat. A kiteboard that is penalized opportunity to do so. under rule 30.2 shall be scored points as provided in rule 44.3(c). (b) When the protest committee is in doubt about any matter concerning the measurement of a kiteboard, the A10 SCORING ABBREVIATIONS interpretation of a class rule, or a matter involving Add to Rule A10: damage to a kiteboard, it shall refer its questions, together with the relevant facts, to an authority DCT Disqualified after causing a tangle in an incident responsible for interpreting the rule. In making its 109 110

114 115 Appendix F KITEBOARDING RACING RULES F9 CHANGES TO APPENDIX G APPENDIX G Appendix G is changed to: Appendix G — Identification IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS G1 Every kiteboard shall be identified as follows: See rule 77. (a) Each competitor shall be provided with and wear a bib with a personal competition number of no more than G1 WORLD SAILING CLASS BOATS three digits. The bib shall be worn as intended with the competition number clearly displayed. G1.1 Identification (b) The numbers shall be displayed as high as possible on Every boat of a World Sailing Class shall carry on her mainsail and, the front, back and sleeves of the bib. They should be at as provided in rule G1.3(c) for letters and numbers only, on her least 20 cm tall on the back and at least 6 cm tall on the spinnaker and headsail front and the sleeves. (a) the insignia denoting her class; (c) The numbers shall be Arabic numerals, all of the same (b) at all international events, except when the boats are provided solid colour, clearly legible and in a commercially to all competitors, national letters denoting her national available typeface giving the same or better legibility as authority from the table below. For the purposes of this rule, Helvetica. The colour of the numbers shall contrast with international events are World Sailing events, world and the colour of the bib. continental championships, and events described as international events in their notices of race and sailing instructions; and (c) a sail number of no more than four digits allotted by her national authority or, when so required by the class rules, by the class association. The four-digit limitation does not apply to classes whose World Sailing membership or recognition took effect before 1 April 1997. Alternatively, if permitted in the class rules, an owner may be allotted a personal sail number by the relevant issuing authority, which may be used on all his boats in that class. Sails measured before 31 March 1999 shall comply with rule G1.1 or with the rules applicable at the time of measurement.

Note: An up-to-date version of the table below is available on the World Sailing website.

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116 117 Appendix G IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS Appendix G IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS

NATIONAL SAIL LETTERS Korea, DPR PRK Panama PAN National authority Letters Cyprus CYP Korea, Republic of KOR Papua New Guinea PNG Algeria ALG Czech Republic CZE Kosovo KOS Paraguay PAR American Samoa ASA Denmark DEN Kuwait KUW Peru PER Andorra AND National authority Letters Kyrgyzstan KGZ Philippines PHI Angola ANG Djibouti DJI Latvia LAT Poland POL Antigua ANT Dominican Republic DOM National authority Letters Portugal POR Argentina ARG Ecuador ECU Lebanon LIB Puerto Rico PUR Armenia ARM Egypt EGY Libya LBA Qatar QAT Aruba ARU El Salvador ESA Liechtenstein LIE National authority Letters Australia AUS Estonia EST Lithuania LTU Romania ROM Austria AUT Fiji FIJ Luxembourg LUX Russia RUS Azerbaijan AZE Finland FIN Macau, China MAC Samoa SAM Bahamas BAH France FRA Madagascar MAD San Marino SM R Bahrain BRN Georgia GEO Malaysia MAS Senegal SEN Barbados BAR Germany GER Malta MLT Serbia SRB Belarus BLR Great Britain GBR Mauritius M RI Seychelles SEY Belgium BEL Greece GRE Mexico M EX Singapore SGP Belize BIZ Grenada GRN Moldova MDA Slovak Republic SVK Bermuda BER Guam GUM Monaco MON Slovenia SLO Botswana BOT Guatemala GUA Montenegro M NE South Africa RSA Brazil BRA Hong Kong, China HKG Montserrat MNT Spain ESP British Virgin Islands IVB Hungary HUN Morocco MAR Sri Lanka SRI Brunei Darussalam BRU Iceland ISL Mozambique MOZ St Kitts & Nevis SKN Bulgaria BUL India IND Myanmar MYA St Lucia LCA Cambodia CAM Indonesia INA Namibia NAM Sudan SUD Canada CAN Iran IRN NED Sweden SWE Cayman Islands CAY Iraq IRQ Netherlands Antilles AHO Switzerland SUI Chile CHI Ireland IRL New Zealand NZL Tahiti TAH China, PR CHN Israel ISR Nigeria NGR Tanzania TAN Chinese Taipei TPE Italy ITA North Macedonia MKD Thailand THA Colombia COL Jamaica JAM Norway NOR Timor Leste TLS Cook Islands COK Japan JPN Oman OMA Trinidad & Tobago TTO Croatia CRO Kazakhstan KAZ Pakistan PAK Tunisia TUN Cuba CUB Kenya KEN Palestine PLE Turkey TUR

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118 119 Appendix G IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS Appendix G IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS

Turks & Caicos TKS Uruguay URU (2) National letters shall be placed above the sail numbers Uganda UGA US Virgin Islands ISV on each side of the sail. Ukraine UKR Vanuatu VAN (b) Mainsails United Arab Emirates UAE Venezuela VEN (1) The class insignia, national letters and sail numbers shall, United States of Vietnam VIE if possible, be wholly above an arc whose centre is the USA head point and whose radius is 60% of the leech length. America Zimbabwe ZIM (2) The class insignia shall be placed above the national G1.2 Specifications letters. If the class insignia is of a design that it may be placed back to back, then it may be so placed. (a) National letters and sail numbers shall be: (c) Headsails and Spinnakers (1) in capital letters and Arabic numerals, (1) National letters and sail numbers are only required on a (2) of the same colour, headsail whose foot length is greater than 1.3 x (3) of a contrasting colour to the body of the sail, and foretriangle base. (4) of a sans-serif typeface. (2) The national letters and sail numbers of headsails shall be displayed wholly below an arc whose centre is the In addition, the letters and numbers identifying the boat shall head point and whose radius is 50% of the luff length be clearly legible when the sail is set. and, if possible, wholly above an arc whose radius is 75% (b) The height of characters and space between adjoining of the luff length. characters on the same and opposite sides of the sail shall be (3) The national letters and sail number shall be displayed related to the boat’s overall length as follows: on the front side of a spinnaker but may be placed on Overall length Minimum height Minimum space both sides. They shall be displayed wholly below an arc between characters whose centre is the head point and whose radius is 40% and from edge of of the foot median and, if possible, wholly above an arc sail whose radius is 60% of the foot median.

Under 3.5 m 230 mm 45 mm G2 OTHER BOATS 3.5 m – 8.5 m 300 mm 60 mm Other boats shall comply with the rules of their national authority or 8.5 m – 11 m 375 mm 75 mm class association in regard to the allotment, carrying and size of insignia, letters and numbers. Such rules shall, when practicable, Over 11 m 450 mm 90 mm conform to the above requirements.

G1.3 Positioning Yachting New Zealand prescribes that other boats shall comply with Class insignia, national letters and sail numbers shall be positioned Appendix G1 and if there is any conflict between Appendix G and as follows: the boats’ class rules, then Appendix G shall prevail, except that:

(a) General a) Appendix G1.1(b) shall not apply, but boats may be (1) Class insignia, national letters and sail numbers, where required to display national letters by their class rules; applicable, shall be place on both sides and such that b) If on 31 October 2019 a sail was certified as complying those on the starboard side are uppermost. with the boat’s class rules, the insignia and sail number on the sail may remain as they were on that date.

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G3 CHARTERED OR LOANED BOATS APPENDIX H When so stated in the notice of race or sailing instructions, a boat chartered or loaned for an event may carry national letters or a sail WEIGHING CLOTHING number in contravention of her class rules. AND EQUIPM ENT G4 WARNINGS AND PENALTIES See rule 50. This appendix shall not be changed by the notice of race, When a protest committee finds that a boat has broken a rule of this sailing instructions or prescriptions of national authorities. appendix, it shall either warn her and give her time to comply or

penalize her. H1 Items of clothing and equipment to be weighed shall be arranged on

a rack. After being saturated in water the items shall be allowed to G5 CHANGES BY CLASS RULES drain freely for one minute before being weighed. The rack must World Sailing Classes may change the rules of this appendix allow the items to hang as they would hang from clothes hangers, provided the changes have first been approved by World Sailing. so as to allow the water to drain freely. Pockets that have drain-holes that cannot be closed shall be empty, but pockets or items that can hold water shall be full.

H2 When the weight recorded exceeds the amount permitted, the competitor may rearrange the items on the rack and the member of the technical committee in charge shall again soak and weigh them. This procedure may be repeated a second time if the weight still exceeds the amount permitted.

H3 A competitor wearing a dry suit may choose an alternative means of weighing the items. (a) The dry suit and items of clothing and equipment that are worn outside the dry suit shall be weighed as described above. (b) Clothing worn underneath the dry suit shall be weighed as worn while racing, without draining. (c) The two weights shall be added together.

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122 123 Appendix J NOTICE OF RACE AND SAILING INSTRUCTIONS APPENDIX J change (also include the statement from World Sailing authorizing the change); NOTICE OF RACE AND (3) changes to class rules, as permitted under rule 87, referring SAILING INSTRUCTIONS specifically to each rule and stating the change; (4) categorization or classification requirements that some or all competitors must satisfy; See rules 89.2 and 90.2. In this appendix, the term ‘event’ includes a race or series of races. (a) for sailor categorization (see rule 79 and the World Sailing Sailor Categorization Code), or A rule in the notice of race need not be repeated in the sailing (b) for functional classification for Para World Sailing events instructions. (see World Sailing Para Classification Rules); Care should be taken to ensure that there is no conflict between rules (5) that boats will be required to display advertising chosen and in the notice of race, the sailing instructions or any other document supplied by the organizing authority (see rule 6 and the World that governs the event. Sailing Advertising Code) and other information related to advertising; J1 NOTICE OF RACE CONTENTS (6) when entries from other countries are expected, any national J1.1 The notice of race shall include the following: prescriptions that may require advance preparation (see rule (1) the title, place and dates of the event and name of the 88); organizing authority; (7) prescriptions that will apply if boats will pass through the (2) that the event will be governed by the rules as defined in The waters of more than one national authority while racing, and Racing Rules of Sailing; when they will apply (see rule 88.1); (3) a list of any other documents that will govern the event (for (8) alternative communication required in place of hails under rule example, The Equipment Rules of Sailing, to the extent that 20 (see rule 20.4(b)); they apply), stating where or how each document or an (9) any change in the weight limit for a competitor’s clothing and electronic copy of it may be obtained; equipment permitted by rule 50.1(b); (4) the classes to race, any handicap or rating system that will be (10) any requirements necessary for compliance with data used, and the classes to which it will apply; conditions of entry protection legislation that applies in the venue of the event; and any restrictions on entries; (11) an entry form, to be signed by the boat’s owner or owner’s (5) the procedures and times for registration or entry, including representative, containing words such as ‘I agree to be bound fees and any closing dates; by The Racing Rules of Sailing and by all other rules that (6) the times of warning signals for the practice race, if one is govern this event.’; scheduled, and the first race, and succeeding races if known. (12) replacement of the rules of Part 2 with the right-of-way rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea J1.2 The notice of race shall include any of the following that will apply: or other government right-of-way rules, the time(s) or place(s) (1) times or procedures for equipment inspection or event they will apply, and any night signals to be used by the race measurement, or requirements for measurement or rating committee. certificates; J1.3 The notice of race shall include any of the following that will apply (2) changes to the racing rules authorized by World Sailing under and that would help competitors decide whether to attend the event rule 86.2, referring specifically to each rule and stating the

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or that conveys other information they will need before the sailing (5) descriptions of the starting and finishing lines, class flags and instructions become available: any special signals to be used; (1) changes to the racing rules permitted by rule 86, referring (6) the race time limit, if any, for the first boat to finish (see rule specifically to each rule and stating the change; 35); (2) changes to the national prescriptions (see rule 88.2); (7) location(s) of official notice board(s) or address of online notice (3) the time and place at which the sailing instructions will be board; location of the race office. available; J2.2 Unless included in the notice of race, the sailing instructions shall (4) a general description of the course, or type of courses, to be include those of the following that will apply: sailed; (1) whether Appendix P will apply; (5) the scoring system, if different from the system in Appendix A, (2) when appropriate, at an event where entries from other included by reference to class rules or other rules governing countries are expected, a copy in English of the national the event, or stated in full. State the number of races scheduled prescriptions that will apply; and the minimum number that must be completed to constitute a series. If appropriate, for a series where the (3) procedure for changing the sailing instructions; number of starters may vary substantially, state that rule A5.3 (4) procedure for giving oral changes to the sailing instructions on applies; the water (see rule 90.2(c)); (6) the penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2, other than the Two- (5) safety requirements, such as requirements and signals for Turns Penalty; personal flotation devices, check-in at the starting area, and (7) the time after which no warning signal will be made on the last check-out and check-in ashore; scheduled day of racing; (6) signals to be made ashore and location of signal station(s); (8) denial of the right of appeal, subject to rule 70.5; (7) restrictions controlling changes to boats when supplied by the (9) for chartered or loaned boats, whether rule G3 applies; organizing authority; (10) prizes. (8) when and under what circumstances propulsion is permitted under rule 42.3(i); J2 SAILING INSTRUCTION CONTENTS (9) restrictions on use of support person vessels, plastic pools, J2.1 Unless included in the notice of race, the sailing instructions shall radios, etc.; on trash disposal; on hauling out; and on outside include the following: assistance provided to a boat that is not racing; (1) the information in rules J1.3(1), (2) and (5) and, when (10) the racing area (a chart is recommended); applicable, rules J1.3(6), (7), (8), (9) and (10); (11) location of the starting area and any restrictions on entering it; (2) the schedule of races and the times of warning signals for each (12) any special procedures or signals for individual or general class; recall; (3) a complete description of the course(s) to be sailed, or a list of (13) approximate course length and approximate length of marks from which the course will be selected and, if relevant, windward legs; how courses will be signalled; (14) any special procedures or signals for changing a leg of the (4) descriptions of marks, including starting and finishing marks, course (see rule 33); stating the order in which marks are to be passed and the side on which each is to be left and identifying all rounding marks (15) description of any object, area or line designated by the race (see the definition Sail the Course); committee to be an obstruction (see the definition 121 122

126 127 Appendix J NOTICE OF RACE AND SAILING INSTRUCTIONS

Obstruction), and any restriction on entering such an area or crossing such a line; NOTICE OF RACE GUIDE (16) boats identifying mark locations; Previously Appendix K (17) any special procedures for shortening the course or for finishing a shortened course; (18) the time limit, if any, for boats other than the first boat to finish and any other time limits or target times that apply while boats SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE are racing; Previously Appendix L (19) declaration requirements; (20) time allowances; These guides, updated to conform to the rules in this edition of The (21) time limits, place of hearings, and special procedures for Racing Rules of Sailing, are available, in various formats, at the protests, requests for redress or requests for reopening; World Sailing website at sailing.org/racingrules/documents. National authorities are encouraged to translate the guides, and World Sailing (22) the national authority’s approval of the appointment of an will make translated versions available at that website. international jury, when required under rule 91(b); (23) the time limit for requesting a hearing under rule N1.4(b), if not The guides, which will have a two-letter designation starting with ‘K’ 30 minutes; or ‘L’, may be downloaded either as PDF documents or as Word documents. This will enable users to easily and quickly create, using (24) when required by rule 70.3, the national authority to which the tested wording in the guides, either the notice of race or the appeals and requests are required to be sent; sailing instructions, or both, for a particular event. (25) substitution of competitors; Suggestions for improving these guides are welcome and should be (26) the minimum number of boats appearing in the starting area sent to [email protected]. required for a race to be started; (27) when and where races postponed or abandoned for the day will be sailed; (28) tides and currents; (29) other commitments of the race committee and obligations of boats.

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128 129 Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES

● boats’ representatives were on board when required (rule APPENDIX M 63.3(a)). When the parties were in different events, both organizing authorities must accept the composition of the RECOMMENDATIONS FOR protest committee (rule 63.8). In a protest concerning class rules, obtain the current class rules and identify the authority PROTEST COMMITTEES responsible for interpreting them (rule 64.4(b)).

This appendix is advisory only; in some circumstances changing M2.2 Determine if any members of the protest committee saw the incident. these procedures may be advisable. It is addressed primarily to If so, require each of them to state that fact in the presence of the protest committee chairmen but may also help judges, protest parties (rule 63.6(b)). committee secretaries, race committees and others connected with M2.3 Assess conflicts of interest. protest and redress hearings. ● Ensure that all protest committee members declare any In a protest or redress hearing, the protest committee should weigh possible conflicts of interest. At major events this will often be all testimony with equal care; should recognize that honest a formal written declaration made before the event starts that testimony can vary, and even be in conflict, as a result of different will be kept with the protest committee records. observations and recollections; should resolve such differences as At the start of any hearing, ensure that the parties are aware of best it can; should recognize that no boat or competitor is guilty until ● any a breach of a rule has been established to the satisfaction of the conflicts of interest of protest committee members. Ask the protest committee; and should keep an open mind until all the parties if they consent to the members. If a party does not evidence has been heard as to whether a boat or competitor has object as soon as possible after a conflict of interest has been declared, the protest committee may take this as consent to broken a rule. proceed and should record it.

M1 PRELIMINARIES (may be performed by race office staff) ● If a party objects to a member, the remainder of the protest committee members need to assess whether the conflict of ● Receive the protest or request for redress. interest is significant. The assessment will consider the level of ● Note on the form the time the protest or request is delivered the event, the level of the conflict and the perception of and the protest time limit. fairness. It may be acceptable to balance conflicts between protest committee members. Guidance may be found on the Inform each party, and the race committee when necessary, ● World Sailing website. Record the decision and the grounds for when and where the hearing will be held. that decision.

M2 BEFORE THE HEARING ● In cases of doubt it may be preferable to proceed with a smaller M2.1 Make sure that protest committee. Except for hearings under rule 69, there is no minimum number of protest committee members required. ● each party has a copy of or the opportunity to read the protest, When a request for redress is made under rule 62.1(a) and is request for redress or allegation and has had reasonable time ● to prepare for the hearing. based on an improper action or omission of a body other than the protest committee, a member of that body should not be a ● only one person from each boat (or party) is present unless an member of the protest committee. interpreter is needed. ● all boats and people involved are represented. If they are not, however, the committee may proceed under rule 63.3(b).

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130 131 Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES

M3 THE HEARING present. Members who give evidence may be questioned, M3.1 Check the validity of the protest or request for redress. should take care to relate all they know about the incident that could affect the decision, and may remain on the protest ● Are the contents adequate (rule 61.2 or 62)? committee (rule 63.3(a)). ● Was it delivered in time? If not, is there good reason to extend ● Try to prevent leading questions, but if that is impossible the time limit (rule 61.3 or 62.2)? discount the evidence so obtained. ● When required, was the protestor involved in or a witness to ● The protest committee chairman should advise a party or a the incident (rule 60.1(a))? witness giving hearsay, repetitive or irrelevant evidence that the protest committee must give such evidence appropriate When necessary, was ‘Protest’ hailed and, if required, a red flag ● weight, which may be little or no weight at all. displayed correctly (rule 61.1(a))? ● Accept written evidence from a witness who is not available to When the flag or hail was not necessary, was the protestee ● be questioned only if all parties agree. In doing so they forego informed? their rights to question that witness (rule 63.6(c)). ● Decide whether the protest or request for redress is valid (rule ● Ask one member of the committee to note down evidence, 63.5). particularly times, distances, speeds, etc. ● Once the validity of the protest or request has been ● Invite questions from protest committee members. determined, do not let the subject be introduced again unless truly new evidence is available. ● Invite first the protestor and then the protestee to make a final statement of her case, particularly on any application or M3.2 Take the evidence (rule 63.6). interpretation of the rules. Ask the protestor and then the protestee to tell their stories. ● M3.3 Find the facts (rule 63.6(d)). Then allow them to question one another. In a redress matter, ask the party to state the request. ● Write down the facts; resolve doubts one way or the other. ● Make sure you know what facts each party is alleging before ● Call back parties for more questions if necessary. calling any witnesses. Their stories may be different. ● When appropriate, draw a diagram of the incident using the ● Allow anyone, including a boat’s crew, to give evidence. It is facts you have found. the party who normally decides which witnesses to call, although the protest committee may also call witnesses (rule M3.4 Decide the case (rule 64). 63.6(a)). The question asked by a party ‘Would you like to hear ● Base the decision on the facts found. (If you cannot, find some N?’ is best answered by ‘It is your choice.’ more facts.) Call each party’s witnesses (and the protest committee’s if any) ● ● In redress cases, make sure that no further evidence is needed one by one. Limit parties to questioning the witness(es). (They from boats that will be affected by the decision. may wander into general statements.) ● Invite the protestee to question the protestor’s witness first M3.5 Inform the parties (rule 65). (and vice versa). This prevents the protestor from leading his ● Recall the parties and read them the facts found, conclusions witness from the beginning. and rules that apply, and the decision. When time presses it is ● Allow members of the protest committee who saw the incident permissible to read the decision and give the details later. to give evidence (rule 63.6(b)), but only while the parties are

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132 133 Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES

● Give any party a copy of the decision on request. File the M5.4 When it is desirable to call a hearing under rule 69 as a result of a protest or request for redress with the committee records. Part 2 incident, it is important to hear any boat-vs.-boat protest in the normal way, deciding which boat, if any, broke which rule, before M4 REOPENING A HEARING (rule 66) proceeding against the competitor under rule 69. M4.1 When a party, within the time limit, has asked for a hearing to be M5.5 Although action under rule 69 is taken against a competitor, boat reopened, hear the party making the request, look at any video, etc., owner or support person, and not a boat, a boat may also be and decide whether there is any significant new evidence that might penalized (rules 69.2(h)(2) and 64.5). lead you to change your decision. Decide whether your interpretation of the rules may have been wrong; be open-minded as to whether M5.6 When a protest committee upholds a rule 69 allegation it will need you have made a mistake. If none of these applies refuse to reopen; to consider if it is appropriate to report to either a national authority otherwise schedule a hearing. or World Sailing. Guidance on when to report may be found in the World Sailing Case Book. When the protest committee does make a M4.2 Evidence is ‘new’ report it may recommend whether or not further action should be ● if it was not reasonably possible for the party asking for the taken. reopening to have discovered the evidence before the original M5.7 Unless the right of appeal is denied in accordance with rule 70.5, a hearing, party to a rule 69 hearing may appeal the decision of the protest ● if the protest committee is satisfied that before the original committee. hearing the evidence was diligently but unsuccessfully sought by the party asking for the reopening, or M5.8 Further guidance for protest committees about misconduct may be found on the World Sailing website. ● if the protest committee learns from any source that the evidence was not available to the parties at the time of the M6 APPEALS (rule 70 and Appendix R) original hearing. When decisions can be appealed, M5 MISCONDUCT (rule 69) ● retain the papers relevant to the hearing so that the information M5.1 An action under this rule is not a protest, but the protest committee can easily be used for an appeal. Is there a diagram endorsed gives its allegations in writing to the competitor before the hearing. or prepared by the protest committee? Are the facts found The hearing is conducted under rules similar to those governing a sufficient? (Example: Was there an overlap? Yes or No. protest hearing but the protest committee must have at least three ‘Perhaps’ is not a fact found.) Are the names of the protest members (rule 69.2(a)). Use the greatest care to protect the committee members and other important information on the competitor’s rights. form? ● comments by the protest committee on any appeal should M5.2 A competitor or a boat cannot protest under rule 69, but the hearing enable the appeals committee to picture the whole incident request form of a competitor who tries to do so may be accepted as clearly; the appeals committee knows nothing about the a report to the protest committee, which can then decide whether or situation. not to call a hearing.

M5.3 Unless World Sailing has appointed a person for the role, the protest committee may appoint a person to present the allegation. This person might be a race official, the person making the allegation or other appropriate person. When no reasonable alternative person is available, a person who was appointed as a member of the protest committee may present the allegation. 129 130

134 135 Appendix M RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES M7 PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE APPENDIX N Photographs and videos can sometimes provide useful evidence but protest committees should recognize their limitations and note the INTERNATIONAL JURIES following points: See rules 70.5 and 91(b). This appendix shall not be changed by the ● The party producing the photographic evidence is responsible notice of race, sailing instructions or national prescriptions. for arranging the viewing.

● View the video several times to extract all the information from N1 COMPOSITION, APPOINTMENT AND ORGANIZATION it. N1.1 An international jury shall be composed of experienced sailors with ● The depth perception of any single-lens camera is very poor; excellent knowledge of the racing rules and extensive protest with a telephoto lens it is non-existent. When the camera views committee experience. It shall be independent of and have no two overlapped boats at right angles to their course, it is members from the race committee or the technical committee, and impossible to assess the distance between them. When the it shall be appointed by the organizing authority, subject to approval camera views them head on, it is impossible to see whether an by the national authority if required (see rule 91(b)), or by World overlap exists unless it is substantial. Sailing under rule 89.2(c). ● Ask the following questions: N1.2 The jury shall consist of a chairman, a vice chairman if desired, and other members for a total of at least five. A majority shall be • Where was the camera in relation to the boats? International Judges. • Was the camera’s platform moving? If so in what direction and how fast? N1.3 No more than two members (three, in Groups M, N and Q) shall be from the same national authority. • Is the angle changing as the boats approach the critical point? Fast panning causes radical change. N1.4 (a) The chairman of a jury may appoint one or more panels composed in compliance with rules N1.1, N1.2 and N1.3. This • Did the camera have an unrestricted view throughout? can be done even if the full jury is not composed in compliance with these rules.

(b) The chairman of a jury may appoint panels of at least three members each, of which the majority shall be International Judges. Members of each panel shall be from at least three different national authorities except in Groups M, N and Q, where they shall be from at least two different national authorities. If dissatisfied with a panel’s decision, a party is entitled to a hearing by a panel composed in compliance with rules N1.1, N1.2 and N1.3, except concerning the facts found, if requested within 30 minutes or the time limit specified in the sailing instructions.

N1.5 When a full jury, or a panel, has fewer than five members, because of illness or emergency, and no qualified replacements are available, it remains properly constituted if it consists of at least three members and if at least two of them are International Judges. When there are three or four members they shall be from at least three different

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136 137 Appendix N INTERNATIONAL JURIES Appendix N INTERNATIONAL JURIES

national authorities except in Groups M, N and Q, where they shall N3 PROCEDURES be from at least two different national authorities. N3.1 Members shall not be regarded as having a significant conflict of N1.6 When it is considered desirable that some members not participate interest (see rule 63.4) by reason of their nationality, club in discussing and deciding a protest or request for redress, and no membership or similar. When otherwise considering a significant qualified replacements are available, the jury or panel remains conflict of interest as required by rule 63.4, considerable weight must properly constituted if at least three members remain and at least be given to the fact that decisions of an international jury cannot be two of them are International Judges. appealed and this may affect the perception of fairness and lower the level of conflict that is significant. In case of doubt, the hearing N1.7 In exception to rules N1.1 and N1.2, World Sailing may in limited should proceed as permitted by rule N1.6. circumstances (see World Sailing Regulation 25.8.13) authorize an international jury consisting of a total of only three members. All N3.2 If a panel fails to agree on a decision it may adjourn, in which case members shall be International Judges. The members shall be from the chairman shall refer the matter to a properly constituted panel three different national authorities (two, in Groups M, N and Q). The with as many members as possible, which may be the full jury. authorization shall be stated in a letter of approval to the organizing authority and in the notice of race or sailing instructions, and the N4 MISCONDUCT (Rule 69) letter shall be posted on the official notice board. N4.1 The World Sailing Disciplinary Code contains procedures that apply to specific international events with regard to the appointment of a N1.8 When the national authority’s approval is required for the person to conduct any investigation. These procedures override any appointment of an international jury (see rule 91(b)), notice of its conflicting provision of this appendix. approval shall be included in the sailing instructions or be posted on the official notice board. N4.2 A person shall be responsible for presenting to the hearing panel any allegations of misconduct under rule 69. This person shall not be a N1.9 If the jury or a panel acts while not properly constituted, its decisions member of the hearing panel but may be a member of the jury. Such may be appealed. a person shall be required to make full disclosure of all material that

may come into his possession in the course of his investigation to N2 RESPONSIBILITIES the person subject to allegations of a breach of rule 69. N2.1 An international jury is responsible for hearing and deciding all protests, requests for redress and other matters arising under the N4.3 Prior to a hearing, the hearing panel, to the extent practically rules of Part 5. When asked by the organizing authority, the race possible, shall not act as an investigator of any allegations made committee or the technical committee, it shall advise and assist them under rule 69. However, during the hearing the panel shall be entitled on any matter directly affecting the fairness of the competition. to ask any investigative questions it may see fit.

N2.2 Unless the organizing authority directs otherwise, the jury shall N4.4 If the panel decides to call a hearing, all material disclosed to the decide panel in order for them to make that decision must be disclosed to the person subject to the allegations before the hearing begins. (a) questions of eligibility, measurement or rating certificates; and (b) whether to authorize the substitution of competitors, boats or equipment when a rule requires such a decision.

N2.3 The jury shall also decide matters referred to it by the organizing authority, the race committee or the technical committee.

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138 139 Appendix P SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR RULE 42

APPENDIX P P2.4 Penalties Near the Finishing Line If a boat is penalized under rule P2.2 or P2.3 and it was not SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR RULE reasonably possible for her to retire before finishing, she shall be scored as if she had retired promptly. 42 P3 POSTPONEMENT, GENERAL RECALL OR ABANDONMENT All or part of this appendix applies only if the notice of race or sailing If a boat has been penalized under rule P1.2 and the race committee instructions so state. signals a postponement, general recall or abandonment, the penalty

is cancelled, but it is still counted to determine the number of times P1 OBSERVERS AND PROCEDURE she has been penalized during the event. P1.1 The protest committee may appoint observers, including protest committee members, to act in accordance with rule P1.2. A person P4 REDRESS LIMITATION with a significant conflict of interest shall not be appointed as an A boat shall not be given redress for an action by a member of the observer. protest committee or its designated observer under rule P1.2 unless P1.2 An observer appointed under rule P1.1 who sees a boat breaking rule the action was improper due to a failure to take into account a race 42 may penalize her by, as soon as reasonably possible, making a committee signal or a class rule. sound signal, pointing a yellow flag at her and hailing her sail number, even if she is no longer racing. A boat so penalized shall not P5 FLAGS O AND R be penalized a second time under rule 42 for the same incident. P5.1 When Rule P5 Applies

Rule P5 applies if the class rules permit pumping, rocking and P2 PENALTIES ooching when the wind speed exceeds a specified limit. P2.1 First Penalty P5.2 Before the Starting Signal When a boat is first penalized under rule P1.2 her penalty shall be a Two-Turns Penalty under rule 44.2. If she fails to take it she shall be (a) The race committee may signal that pumping, rocking and disqualified without a hearing. ooching are permitted, as specified in the class rules, by displaying flag O before or with the warning signal. P2.2 Second Penalty (b) If the wind speed becomes less than the specified limit after When a boat is penalized a second time during the event, she shall flag O has been displayed, the race committee may postpone promptly retire. If she fails to do so she shall be disqualified without the race. Then, before or with a new warning signal, the a hearing and her score shall not be excluded. committee shall display either flag R, to signal that rule 42 as changed by the class rules applies, or flag O, as provided in P2.3 Third and Subsequent Penalties rule P5.2(a). When a boat is penalized a third or subsequent time during the (c) If flag O or flag R is displayed before or with the warning signal, event, she shall promptly retire. If she does so her penalty shall be it shall be displayed until the starting signal. disqualification without a hearing and her score shall not be excluded. If she fails to do so her penalty shall be disqualification P5.3 After the Starting Signal without a hearing from all races in the event, with no score excluded, After the starting signal, and the protest committee shall consider calling a hearing under rule 69.2. (a) if the wind speed exceeds the specified limit, the race committee may display flag O with repetitive sounds at a mark

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140 141 Appendix P SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR RULE 42

to signal that pumping, rocking and ooching are permitted, as APPENDIX R specified in the class rules, after passing the mark; (b) if flag O has been displayed and the wind speed becomes less PROCEDURES FOR APPEALS than the specified limit, the race committee may display flag R with repetitive sounds at a mark to signal that rule 42, as AND REQUESTS changed by the class rules, applies after passing the mark. See rule 70. A national authority may change this appendix by prescription, but it shall not be changed by the notice of race or sailing instructions.

Yachting New Zealand prescribes that:

1. Appeals should be lodged on the prescribed form available from Yachting New Zealand.

2. When no written decision is received within 15 days of a request being made, in accordance with rule 65.2, an appeal shall be lodged not later than 21 days after the request is made unless the Appeals Panel at its discretion considers in the circumstances it is fair to extend this time limit.

3. A fee of $105 shall be paid to Yachting New Zealand upon filing an appeal. There shall be no fee when a protest committee requests confirmation or correction of its decision. Yachting New Zealand may change this fee at its discretion.

4. The Protest Committee shall supply the information required by rule R3 of this appendix within 15 days of receiving a request to do so from Yachting New Zealand.

5. Yachting New Zealand will act as appropriate under rule 71.2 if the Protest Committee fails to meet its obligations under rule R3.

R1 APPEALS AND REQUESTS Appeals, requests by protest committees for confirmation or correction of their decisions, and requests for interpretations of the rules shall be made in compliance with this appendix.

137 138

142 143 Appendix R PROCEDURES FOR APPEALS AND REQUESTS Appendix R PROCEDURES FOR APPEALS AND REQUESTS

R2 SUBMISSION OF DOCUMENTS R3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL AUTHORITY AND PROTEST R2.1 To make an appeal, COMMITTEE (a) no later than 15 days after receiving the protest committee’s Upon receipt of an appeal or a request for confirmation or correction, written decision or its decision not to reopen a hearing, the the national authority shall send to the parties and protest committee appellant shall send an appeal and a copy of the protest copies of the appeal or request and the protest committee’s decision. committee’s decision to the national authority. The appeal It shall ask the protest committee for any relevant documents listed shall state why the appellant believes the protest committee’s in rule R2.2 not sent by the appellant or the protest committee, and decision or its procedures were incorrect; the protest committee shall promptly send them to the national authority. When the national authority has received them it shall (b) when the hearing required by rule 63.1 has not been held send copies to the parties. within 30 days after a protest or request for redress was delivered, the appellant shall, within a further 15 days, send an R4 COMMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS appeal with a copy of the protest or request and any relevant correspondence. The national authority shall extend the time if R4.1 The parties and protest committee may make comments on the there is good reason to do so; appeal or request or on any of the documents listed in rule R2.2 by sending them in writing to the national authority. (c) when the protest committee fails to comply with rule 65, the appellant shall, within a reasonable time after the hearing, send R4.2 The national authority may seek clarifications of rules governing the an appeal with a copy of the protest or request and any relevant event from organizations that are not parties to the hearing. correspondence. R4.3 The national authority shall send copies of comments and If a copy of the protest or request is not available, the appellant shall clarifications received to the parties and protest committee as instead send a statement of its substance. appropriate.

R2.2 The appellant shall also send, with the appeal or as soon as possible R4.4 Comments on any document shall be made no later than 15 days thereafter, all of the following documents that are available to her: after receiving it from the national authority. (a) the written protest(s) or request(s) for redress; (b) a diagram, prepared or endorsed by the protest committee, R5 INADEQUATE FACTS; REOPENING showing the positions and tracks of all boats involved, the The national authority shall accept the protest committee’s finding course to the next mark and the required side, the force and of facts except when it decides they are inadequate. In that case it direction of the wind, and, if relevant, the depth of water and shall require the committee to provide additional facts or other direction and speed of any current; information, or to reopen the hearing and report any new finding of (c) the notice of race, the sailing instructions, any other documents facts, and the committee shall promptly do so. governing the event, and any changes to them; R6 WITHDRAWING AN APPEAL (d) any additional relevant documents; and An appellant may withdraw an appeal before it is decided by (e) the names, postal and email addresses, and telephone accepting the protest committee’s decision. numbers of all parties to the hearing and the protest committee chairman.

R2.3 A request from a protest committee for confirmation or correction of its decision shall be sent no later than 15 days after the decision and shall include the decision and the documents listed in rule R2.2. A request for an interpretation of the rules shall include assumed facts.

139 140

144 145 Appendix T ARBITRATION

APPENDIX S 3 CHANGES TO SAILING INSTRUCTIONS STANDARD SAILING INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 Any change to the sailing instructions will be posted before 0800 on the day it will take effect, unless this time is changed in the supplement. This appendix applies only if the notice of race so states. Any change to the schedule of races will be posted by 2000 on the day before it will take effect. These Standard Sailing Instructions may be used at an event in place of printed sailing instructions made available to each boat. To use 4 SIGNALS MADE ASHORE them, state in the notice of race that ‘The sailing instructions will 4.1 Signals made ashore will be displayed from the flag pole. The consist of the instructions in RRS Appendix S, Standard Sailing supplement will state its location. Instructions, and supplementary sailing instructions that will be posted on the official notice board located at _____.’ 5 SCHEDULE OF RACES The supplementary sailing instructions will include: 5.1 The supplement will include a table showing the days, dates, number of races scheduled, the scheduled times of the first warning signal each 1 The location of the race office and of the flag pole on which day, and the latest time for a warning signal on the last scheduled day signals made ashore will be displayed (see SI 4.1 below). of racing. 2 A table showing the schedule of races, including the day and date 5.2 To alert boats that a race or sequence of races will begin soon, the of each scheduled day of racing, the number of races scheduled orange starting line flag will be displayed with one sound at least five each day, the scheduled time of the first warning signal each day, minutes before a warning signal is made. and the latest time for a warning signal on the last scheduled day

of racing (SI 5). 6 CLASS FLAGS 3 A list of the marks that will be used and a description of each one 6.1 Each class flag will be the class insignia on a plain background or as (SI 8). How new marks will differ from original marks (SI 10). stated in the supplement. 4 The time limits, if any, that are listed in SI 12. 5 Any changes or additions to the instructions in this appendix. 7 THE COURSES A copy of the supplementary sailing instructions will be available to 7.1 No later than the warning signal, the race committee will designate the competitors on request. course, and it may also display the approximate compass bearing of the first leg. SAILING INSTRUCTIONS 7.2 The course diagrams are on the pages following SI 13. They show the courses, the order in which marks are to be passed, and the side on 1 RULES which each mark is to be left. The supplement may include additional courses. 1.1 The event will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules

of Sailing. 8 MARKS

2 NOTICES TO COMPETITORS 8.1 A list of the marks that will be used, including a description of each one, will be included in the supplement. 2.1 Notices to competitors will be posted on the official notice board.

2.2 Supplementary sailing instructions (called ‘the supplement’ below) will 9 THE START be posted on the official notice board. 9.1 Races will be started by using RRS 26.

9.2 The starting line will be between a staff displaying an orange flag on

the race committee vessel and the course side of the starting mark.

141 142 142

146 147 Appendix T ARBITRATION Appendix T ARBITRATION

10 CHANGE OF THE NEXT LEG OF THE COURSE COURSE DIAGRAMS 10.1 To change the next leg of the course, the race committee will lay a new mark (or move the finishing line) and remove the original mark as soon Course L – Windward/Leeward, Leeward as practicable. When in a subsequent change a new mark is replaced, Finish it will be replaced by an original mark. Signal Mark Rounding Order

11 THE FINISH L2 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – Finish L3 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 11.1 The finishing line will be between a staff displaying a blue flag on the Finish race committee vessel and the course side of the finishing mark. L4 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 12 TIME LIMITS 2s/2p – 1 – Finish

12.1 The supplement will state which of the following time limits, if any, will apply and, for each, the time limit. • Mark 1 Time Limit Time limit for the first boat to pass Mark 1. • Race Time Limit Time limit for the first boat to start, sail the course and finish. • Finishing Window Time limit for boats to finish after the first boat starts, sails the course and finishes. 12.2 If no boat has passed Mark 1 within the Mark 1 Time Limit, the race shall be abandoned.

12.3 Boats failing to finish within the Finishing Window shall be scored Did Not Finish without a hearing. This changes RRS 35, A5.1 and A5.2. Course LA – Windward/Leeward with Offset Mark, Leeward Finish 13 PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS Signal Mark Rounding Order 13.1 Hearing request forms are available at the race office. Protests and LA2 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – requests for redress or reopening shall be delivered there within the Finish appropriate time limit. LA3 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – 13.2 For each class, the protest time limit is 60 minutes after the last boat 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – Finish has finished the last race of the day or the race committee signals no LA4 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – more racing today, whichever is later. 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – 13.3 Notices will be posted no later than 30 minutes after the protest time Finish limit to inform competitors of hearings in which they are parties or named as witnesses and where the hearings will be held. 13.4 Notices of protests by the race committee, technical committee or protest committee will be posted to inform boats under RRS 61.1(b).

143 143 144 144

148 149 Appendix T ARBITRATION Appendix T ARBITRATION

Course TL – Triangle, Leeward Finish Course W – Windward/Leeward, Windward Finish Signal Mark Rounding Order Signal Mark Rounding Order TL2 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – Finish W2 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – Finish TL3 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 3 – 1 – Finish W3 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 2s/2p – TL4 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 3 – 1 – 3 – 1 Finish – Finish

W4 Start – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 2s/2p – 1 – 2s/2p – Finish

Course WA – Windward/Leeward with Offset Course TW – Triangle, Windward Finish Mark, Windward Finish Signal Mark Rounding Order Signal Mark Rounding Order TW2 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – Finish WA2 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – Finish TW3 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 3 – Finish WA3 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – TW4 Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 3 – 1 – 3 – 2s/2p – Finish Finish WA4 Start – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – 1 – 1a – 2s/2p – Finish

145 145 146 146

150 151 Appendix T ARBITRATION

APPENDIX T (c) one or more boats will be penalized for breaking a rule, identifying the boats and the penalties. ARBITRATION T4 ARBITRATION MEETING OUTCOMES This appendix applies only if the notice of race or sailing instructions so state. After the arbitrator offers an opinion, (a) a boat may take a Post-Race Penalty, and Arbitration adds an extra step to the protest resolution process but can eliminate the need for some protest hearings, thus speeding up the (b) a boat may ask to withdraw her protest. The arbitrator may then process for events in which many protests are expected. Arbitration act on behalf of the protest committee in accordance with rule may not be appropriate for all events as it requires an additional 63.1 to allow the withdrawal. knowledgeable person to act as the arbitrator. Further guidance on Unless all protests involving the incident are withdrawn, a protest arbitration can be found in the World Sailing Judges Manual, which hearing will be held. can be downloaded from the World Sailing website.

T1 POST-RACE PENALTIES

(a) Provided that rule 44.1(b) does not apply, a boat that may have broken one or more rules of Part 2 or rule 31 in an incident may take a Post-Race Penalty at any time after the race until the beginning of a protest hearing involving the incident. (b) A Post-Race Penalty is a 30% Scoring Penalty calculated as stated in rule 44.3(c). However, rule 44.1(a) applies. (c) A boat takes a Post-Race Penalty by delivering to the arbitrator or a member of the protest committee a written statement that she accepts the penalty and that identifies the race number and where and when the incident occurred.

T2 ARBITRATION MEETING An arbitration meeting will be held prior to a protest hearing for each incident resulting in a protest by a boat involving one or more rules of Part 2 or rule 31, but only if each party is represented by a person who was on board at the time of the incident. No witnesses will be permitted. However, if the arbitrator decides that rule 44.1(b) may apply or that arbitration is not appropriate, the meeting will not be held, and if a meeting is in progress, it will be closed.

T3 ARBITRATOR’S OPINION Based on the evidence given by the representatives, the arbitrator will offer an opinion as to what the protest committee is likely to decide: (a) the protest is invalid, (b) no boat will be penalized for breaking a rule, or

147 148 148

152 153 Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations Part 1 Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations Part 1: Unballasted Centreboard & Open , Sailboards and ballasted yachts not All Regulations are relevant whether or not yachts are racing. Yachting New complying with Parts II – VI of the yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations. Zealand recommends that these Regulations be observed by all centreboard (for Parts II - VI see separate publication or www.yachtingnz.org.nz) and open yacht crews and boardsailors at all times. 1. All crew shall wear buoyancy vests or lifejackets in good repair properly secured about their persons and complying with YNZ minimum standard, SR Appendix 4 (YNZ Safety Regulations of Sailing), at all These Regulations are effective from 1st January, 2021 times while afloat. Yachting New Zealand may give dispensation (in writing), to specific classes or events, from this clause and specify Preamble conditions for exercising such dispensation. When dispensation is Part I applies to all racing centreboard yachts, open yachts and sailboards. given it shall be the responsibility of the Organising Authority to ensure Part I also applies to ballasted yachts not complying with Parts II – IV of adequate safety provisions are made. Dispensation may be overridden the Yachting New Zealand Safety Regulations of Sailing when these yachts by RRSs 40 or by the Notice of Race or Sailing Instructions. are racing on inshore waters, with appropriate rescue facilities provided Note: it is an offence under the Maritime Rules for any vessel not to by the Organising Authority, and when specific provision is made in the have on board an approved flotation device for each person. sailing instructions for ballasted yachts to race under this part of the Safety Regulations. 2. Centreboard, open yachts and sailboards shall be so constructed or fitted with reserve buoyancy so that when swamped or capsized and:

a) When enclosed hulls are not divided into at least two Skipper’s Responsibility separate compartments and the entire hull is flooded or

The safety of a yacht and her crew is the sole and inescapable b) When the enclosed hulls are divided into two or more responsibility of the skipper who must do his/her best to ensure separate compartments and 50% of the total compartment that the yacht is fully found, thoroughly seaworthy and manned by volume is flooded or an experienced crew who are physically fit to face bad weather. c) When inflatable bag buoyancy is fitted and 50% is deflated they will support their own weight including all equipment plus 10 kg for each crew member. Buoyancy shall be so These Regulations are mandatory and failure to comply with them while disposed so as to float the boat on an even keel when racing may be grounds for disqualification following a protest, or other righted after a capsize. When provided in the form of prescribed penalties as stated in the sailing instructions. inflatable air bags or closed cell plastic foam the buoyancy shall be securely held in place. Individual Organising Authorities or class associations may require additional safety provisions in their Notice of Race and/or Sailing Instructions or class A yacht of an International Class shall be deemed to have satisfied rules in view of local conditions. the requirements of this rule when she meets specific buoyancy requirements of her class rules.

154 155 3. Yachts shall have permanently fitted on their centre-line a ring, 10. Yachts shall carry an adequate bailer or pump attached to the hull by closed fairlead or towing eye to which a tow line may be connected a lanyard of sufficient length to allow them to be operated, unless or led through to a strong point. The fitting shall be not less than 25 the yacht has an enclosed hull from which most of the water empties mm minimum internal diameter at all times unless one design class when righted, but not moving, following a capsize. rules specify a particular alternative fitting. For monohull yachts this fitting shall be at or near the bow but not on a bowsprit. For 11. Yachts shall carry their sail number on the port and starboard sides the fitting may be at the stern for towing in reverse. of their hull, in clearly distinctive letters and figures at least 50 mm high. 4. Yachts shall carry a towline of adequate strength and of such length that it will extend twice the yacht’s length beyond the bow when 12. Each boat trailer or cradle shall be clearly marked with the class and fitted as in clause 3. If the yacht’s mainsheet or other running rigging sail number of the yacht using it. are to be used as a towline they shall be so fitted as to be readily removable.

5. Yachts shall be fitted with a quick release mechanism (not a bolt, lashing or screw shackle), or a halyard, which allows the mainsail to be lowered from both the deck and the masthead, or, in the case of a pocket luff sail or rigid aerofoil, a mechanism which allows the entire rig to be lowered quickly and easily.

6. Hollow masts shall be either

i) completely sealed to prevent the entry of water, or

ii) fitted with a drain hole not more than 500 mm above the base and of such a size that it is capable of draining all of the water that could be contained in the mast within 30 seconds with the mast standing upright.

7. Centreboards shall be so secured to the hull that they remain within the centrecase when the hull is inverted and they shall be sufficiently strong to support the weight of at least one crew member during the manoeuvre of righting following a capsize. This clause does not apply to windsurfers.

8. Rudders shall be so secured to the hull in such a way that they remain in position when the hull is inverted. This clause does not apply to windsurfers.

9. Tillers and rudder blades, if not permanently attached to the rudderstock, shall be secured to it by a pin or lashing while the yacht is on the water. This clause does not apply to windsurfers.

156 157 INDEX INDEX INDEX INDEX

Backing a sail: 22.3 breaking rule of Part 2: 44.1, 60.1(a), 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) INDEX INDEXINDEX bail out: 45, 51 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) INDEX ballast, movable: 51 breaking rule, advantage gained. ballast, movable: 51 control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), References are to rule numbers (for example, 27.3), appendices and beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) C8.3(a), D3.1(d) betting and anti-corruption: 6 C8.3(a), D3.1(d) References are to rule numbers (for examtheplier ,r u2l7e. 3n)u, mapbperesn (dfiocre es xanmdp le, C or E3.5), and sections of the book (for betting and anti-corruption: 6 References are to rule numbers (for example, 27.3), appendices and breaking rule, failure to take their rule numbers (for example, C or E3.5),e axandm spelcet,i oInntsr oodf uthceti obno,o Rk a(fcoer Signals). Defined terms appear in italics. black, black & white, flag by their rule numbers (for example, C or E3.5), and sections of the book (for penalty: D2.3 example, Introduction, Race Signals). DefiAnpepde tnedrimcess aKp, pLe aanr di nM iatarlei cnso. t indexed except for their titles. umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) example, Introduction, Race Signals). Defined terms appear in italics. breaking rule, no advantage gained: Appendices K, L and M are not indexed except for their titles. black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, breaking rule, no advantage gained: Appendices K, L and M are not indexed except for their titles. black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, C6.6(b) 30.3, E3.7 C6.6(b) 360°-Turn Penalty: B4, F4 anchor line of mark: Mark, Part 2 30.3, E3.7 360°-Turn Penalty: B4, F4 anchor line of mark: Mark, Part 2 breaking rule, penalties at time of Section C preamble boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), SecA3t6ibo0an°n- TCdu oprnnre: PRaemanacbel etSyi:g Bn4a,l sF,4 Postpone, anchor line of mark: Mark, Part 2 incident: 44 Abandon: Race Signals, Postpone, 69.3(c), 78.1, E8(b), G1.1(c), AbRaacndionng,: 2R7a.c3e, 3S2ig.1n, a3l5s,, CP3o.s2t,p Do2n.e7, anScheoctri, oann cCho prereadm, abnlechoring: 23, 45 breaking rule, starting penalty: Racing, 27.3, 32.1, 35, C3.2, D2.7, anchor, anchored, anchoring: 23, 45 J1.2(6) breaking rule, starting penalty: RDac5.4in, gJ,2 2.27(.37, )32.1, 35, C3.2, D2.7, Aanncthi-oDro, painncgho Croedde, ,a ISncAhFo Rrienggu: l2a3ti,o 4n5 30.2, 30.3 D5.4, J2.2(37) Anti-Doping Code, ISAF Regulation boom: 50.3 30.2, 30.3 abDan5d.4o, nJe2d.2 r(a3c7e) and redress: 64.2 An2t1i-:D Inotpriondgu Ccotidoen,, IRSuAleF, R5egulation boom: 50.3 abandoned race and redress: 64.2 21: Introduction, Rule, 5 bowsprit: 50.3(a) abandoned race ,a sncdo rriendgr easnsd: 64.2 ap2p1e:a Iln, tcrloadssu crutiloens,: R6u4l.e3,(c 5) bowsprit: 50.3(a) abandoned race, scoring and appeal, class rules: 64.3(c) Call Book for Match Racing: penalties: 30.2, 30.3, 35, 90.3(a), breach of, breaking rule: penalties: 30.2, 30.3, 35, 90.3(a), abandoned race, scoring and appeal, ncloa srsig rhutl eosf,: n6o4 .r3e(cqu) est for: Introduction appeal, Bn1o0 r,i gEh7,t Po3f, no request for: Sportsmanship and the Rules, B10, E7, P3 penalties: 30.2, 30.3, 35, 90.3(a), ap7p0e.a4l,, 7n0o. 5r,i gBh1t0 o, fC, 9n.o1, rDe2q.u7e(bst) ,f Fo5r:, Call Book for Team Racing: 70.4, 70.5, B10, C9.1, D2.7(b), F5, Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , Call Book for Team Racing: abBo1u0t ,t oE 7r,o Pu3nd or pass: B preamble, J710..24(, 1720).,5 J, 2B.120(3, 2C)9.1, D2.7(b), F5, , Introduction about to round or pass: B preamble, J1.2(12), J2.2(32) 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) Introduction abBou2,t Fto p rroeuanmdb oler ,p Fa2ss: B preamble, apJp1e.a2l(,1 r2ig),h Jt2 o.2f:( 3702.)1, N1.7 B2, F preamble, F2 appeal, right of: 70.1, N1.7 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, accBe2p, tFa npcreea omf bthle, rFu2les: 3 appeal ,d reigchist iofn: s7:0 7.1, N1.7 63.3(a), 64.1, 67, 71.3, A11, B5, B2, B11, D5.5, F preamble, F2, F5 acceptance of the rules: 3 appeal decisions: 71 63.3(a), 64.1, 67, 71.3, A11, B5, B2, B11, D5.5, F preamble, F2, F5 adccveapnttaagncee g oafi ntheed :r u4l1e, s4: 23.3(i), appeal ,d deifcfiesrioenst :n 7a1tional B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, Case Book: Introduction advantage gained: 41, 42.3(i), appeal, 4d4if.f1e(rbe)n, Bt n4a, Ctio8na.3(la ), D2.3(c), D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 Case Book: Introduction advantage gained: 41, 42.3(i), apapuetahol, driitfifeesr:e 7n0t .n3a, tJio2.na2(l3 3) D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 44.1(b), B4, C8.3(a), D2.3(c), authoDri3ti.1e(sd: )7, 0E.43., 3J,2 E.25(.3,3 F)4 (See also advantage gained by, certificate (See measurement, D3.1(d), E4.3, E5.3, F4 44.1(b), B4, C8.3(a), D2.3(c), apapuetahol, writithiesd:r 7a0w.3in, gJ:2 R.26(33) (See also advantage gained by, rating, boat certificate) appeaAl,d Dwv3eith.r1t(idsdri)na, wgE 4iCn.o3gd,: EeR5,6 I.S3,A FF4 Regulation retire) rating, boat certificate) Advertising Code, ISAF Regulation appeal,s wpirthocderdauwriensg: :3 R(b6), 70.6, R change, changing course (See appeaAlsd2 vp0er:ocr Itnisetirdnougdr uCecsot:d i3oe(n,b ,I )SR, Au70Fle. R,6 7,e 6Rg.u2l,a 8t0io, n breach, gross: 69, P2.3 change, changing course (See 20: Introduction, Rule, 76.2, 80, B9, J1.2(2), J2.2(1) appeenaldsi xp,r occhaendgueress t:o 3, (nbo) ,c 7h0a.6n,g Res course, change of) B9, J1.2(2), J2.2(1) appendi2x0, :c Ihnatrnogdeusc ttoio, nn,o R cuhlae,n 7g6e.s2 , 80, breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 agBro9u, nJ1d.,2 g(2ro),u Jn2d.i2n(g1): 23, 42.3(h), aptpoen: 8d6i.x1,( ac)h, aGn5g,e Hs, t No, &n oR c hanges changes to prescriptions (See aground, grounding: 23, 42.3(h), to: 86.1(a), G5, H, N & R preambles breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, preaagmBrob2ul,e nFsd2 , grounding: 23, 42.3(h), to: 86.1(a), G5, H, N & R D2.3(d) prescriptions) B2, F2 armpre sigamnabll:e Cs 2.8, D1.1(d) D2.3(d) arm saigllneBag2la,: tFCi2o2n.8s, oDf1 g.1r(ods)s misconduct: 69 breaking rule 42: P changes to rules (See rules, allegations of gross misconduct: 69 arm signal: C2.8, D1.1(d) breaking rule 42: P allegae,t iaolnlesg oefd g, raollsesg matiisocno onfd: uPcatr:t 6y9, avoid, avoiding contact: Keep Clear, changes to) avoid, avoiding contact: Keep Clear, breaking rule and restarted or allege, alleged, allegation of: Party, Protest, 5, 60.1(a), 69, D1.2, E6.1, avoOibds, tarvuocidtioing, 1 c4o, n1t8a.c3t(:a K),e 2e0p, C23le, ar, changes to sailing instructions (See Obastllreugceti,o anl,l e1g4e, d18, a.3ll(eag),a 2ti0o,n 2 3o,f : Party, resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See Protest, 5, 60.1(a), 69, D1.2, E6.1, E6.8 OB2b,s Btr1u2c, tEio1n.3, (c14),, 1F8 p.3re(a)m, 2b0le, ,2 F32, sailing instructions, changes to) E6.8 B2, B1P2r,o Ete1s.3t,(c 5),, 6F0 p.1re(aa)m, 6b9l,e D, 1F.22, E6.1, breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: sailing instructions, changes to) E6.8 B2, B12, E1.3(c), F preamble, F2 breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7

ew ealan iite el ail salesrf.co.nz www.rf.co.nz 150 150 151 150 151

158 159 INDEX INDEX INDEX cBhaacnkginingg a l esagi lo: f2 c2o.3urse: Race cboreanflkicint gbetween rule of P rules:art 2: 463.74.1, 60.1(a), BDacmkaginge aa nsadi li:n 2fo2r.3ming protestee: bdireaagrkainmg oruf lien coidf Penart:t 625: .424, .R1,2 6.20(.1b()a), 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) baSili gonuat:ls 4,5 3, 351 conflict of interest: 63.4 ba6il1 o.1u(ta: )4(45), 51 disciplinary code: 7 breaking rule, advantage gained. breaking rule, advantage gained. cbhaallratsetr,e md obvoaabtsle: :G 531, J1.2(14) contact: Keep Clear, 14, 18.3, B2, bdalmlaagst,e m, eoxvoanbelera: t5io1n for: 14(b) disciplinary action: 62.1(d), 69.3(a) Dco1.n2t(rao)l, gDa1i.n3e(dc):, 4D42.1.3(b(b),) C, E65.5.1((bb)), , control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), cbleaasst taos wsoincidawtioanrd: :7 168.3.1, (8a7), 8492.13((ec)), bdaemat agto ew aindw rualred 1: 41:8 C.16(a.2),( a4)2, .3(c) disciplines (racing, expression, FC p8.re3(aam), bDle3.1(d) C8.3(a), D3.1(d) bettingG1.1(c and), G 2anti-corruption: 6 bettingC6.6( cand), C anti-corruption:8.6, D1.2(d), D2. 36(d), speed): B preamble cboreantikniunign gru oleb,s ftariuluctrieo nto: (tSakeee D3.1(d), E6.9 breaking rule, failure to take cbllaascsk fl, balga:c Rk a&c ew Shiignte,a fllsa,g 2 b6,y J 2.1(6) black, black & white, flag by disqualification and scoring: 90.3, opbesntarultcyt:i oDn2,. 3continuing) penalty: D2.3 claussm ipnisrieg:n Cia5:. 47,7 D, B1.121(,d E)8, .D G21.4.3(c) daummagpier eb:y C t5e.a4m, D m1.e2m(db),e Dr:2 D.41(.c2)(f) A4.2, A5, A6 cboreastsk, imnge rausluere, nmeo andtv parnottageset: gained: breaking rule, no advantage gained: black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, bdalamckag flea,g me rulaes: uRraemece Snignt deavlsi,a 2ti6,on disqualification of party to a protest class rules, changes to: 87, J1.2(9), 6C46..36((db)) C6.6(b) J320..13(,9 E),3 J.72.2(7) 3ca0u.3s,e Ed3 b.7y: 64.3(a), B5 hearing: 64.1, E7 cboreaurskein, gch raunleg, ep oenf balyt ibeso aatt: tKimeepe o f breaking rule, penalties at time of boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), bdaomat agowen, reerd: 2re, s3s, 6fo9r.1: (6a2).,1 6(b9).2(d), disqualification without hearing: class rules, clothing and Cinlecaidr,e Ontb: s4t4ruction, 16, 20.1, B2, incident: 44 e6q9u.3ip(cme), 7n8t.:1 4, 3E.81((bb)), G1.1(c), da6m9ag.3(ec,) s, e7r8i.o1u, Es:8 4(b4).1, ,G 610.1.3(c(a),) (1), 30.3, B10, P2 J1.2(6) breaC2k.1i1n,g D r1u.1le(,f )s, tFa rptreinga mpebnlea,l tFy2: J1.2(6) breaking rule, starting penalty: 63.5, B4, E4.3(c), F4 disqualification, measurement: class rules, protests: 64.3 cou3r0s.e2,, c3h0a.3nge of by race 30.2, 30.3 boom: 50.3 boom: 50.3 64.3(c), 78.2 class rules: Introduction, Rule (d), committee: Race Signals, 32, 33, damages, financial: 67 bowsprit: 50.3(a) bowsprit: 50.3(a) disqualification, by umpires: C5.4, 1.2, 49.2, 78, 79, 86.1(c) B6, G3, CaEll3 Bo.10ok for Match Racing: danger: 1.1, 23, 41(a), 42.3(g), 47.2, Call Book for Match Racing: breach of, breaking rule: breach of, breaking rule: C7.2, C8.5 G5, P5 couInrstreo, dduecstigionnating: 27.1 B2, E4.2, F2 Introduction Sportsmanship and the Rules, Sportsmanship and the Rules, disqualification, non-excludable: 2, class, ISAF: 76.3, G1 cCoaullr sBoe, opkr ofopre Tr e(Samee R parocipnegr: course) decision, to consider redress: 62.1 Call Book for Team Racing: Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , 30.3, 69.2(c) cla2s0si.fi2c(ba)t,i o2n1,: 3J10..2(, 33)0 (.S3,e 3e6 a, l4so3. 1(c) couInrstreo adreucat:i oBn11, B12 de2c0is.i2o(nb,) ,t o2 1r,a 3c0e.:2 4, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) Introduction Sailor Classification Code) dry suit: 40, H3 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), ccoauprssizee s, icdaep osfiz setda:r t2in3,g B li pnree: a2m9.1b,l e, de4ci4s.i1o, n6,0 b.1y( an)a, t6io0n.3a(la a)(u2t)h, o6r2it.1y(:b 7)1, capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, cle6a3r .a3s(tae)r,n 6 a4n.1d, 6c7le, a7r1 .a3h, eAa1d1,: B125,, 2B92.,2 B, 3110,. 1D, 5A.151, ,F B p3re.4a, Cm3b.2le(,a F),2 C, F45.2 de6ci3s.i3o(na,) ,b 6y4 p.1r,o 6te7,s 7t 1c.o3m, Am11it,t Bee5:, EleBc2tr, oBn1i1c, cDo5m.5mu, F pnreicaatmiobnl:e D, F12.1, (Fg5) 1B71, 21,8 C.28(.b2,) (Ce8),. 41,9 C.21(0c.)5, (Bb2), BD111.2, , Case Book: Introduction BIn1t2e,r eCs8t.e2d, CPa8r.4ty, ,C 6140, .B5(4b.4),, DC16..26,, EClaigsieb Boilityo kC: oIndter,o IdSuAcFt iRonegulation DD11..13(,b D),3 F.12(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 course signals: Race Signals, 27.1 D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 certificate (See measurement, C8.4, D2.4(b), D3.1(c), B5, B12, cer1t9ifi: cInattreo (dSuecet imeon, aRsuulree, m69e.n3t,, 6 9.4, clo(sSee-he aaulsleod a cdovuarnsteag: 1e3 g, 1a8in.3e(da b),y , course, sailing the: 28, 35, E5.1(c) (ES6e.9e also advantage gained by, 75.2 retire) rating, boat certificate) retire) rating, boat certificate) 20.1(b), 42.3(d), 54, C2.4, C7.2(a) course: Finish, Keep Clear, decision, by umpires: C6.5, C8.4, eligibility, suspension of: 69.3, 69.4, br(e1a)c, hC,7 g.3ro(as)s, :F 629, P2.3 chOanbgster,u cchtiaonng, iPnrgo pcoeur rCsoeu (rSseee breach, gross: 69, P2.3 change, changing course (See course, change of) D2.4, D2.7 cNo2u.2rs(ae), change of) cblroetahkindgo wannds :e Dq1u.i2p(meg), nDt5: 40, 43.1, court or tribunal: 3(c) breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 changes to prescriptions (See decision, appeal of: 70.1(a), C9.1, R cehlimanigneasti oton psreersiecsri:p Bt ipornesa (mSebele , B10, brBea4k, iFn4g, rHule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, crew and movement of body (See breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, B11, F5 prescriptions) decision, confirmation, correction prescriptions) CoDde2s.3, (ISd)AF (See ISAF Codes) propulsion) Dof2: .730(d.2), R1, R2.3 engine, use of: 42.3(h)(i) changes to rules (See rules, changes to rules (See rules, cborleliaskioinng: 4ru1l(eb )4, 24:2 P.3(h) crew: Introduction, Finish, Start, bdreecaiskiionng, rcuolme 4m2u: nPicating: 65, B10, English, use of: 90.2(b), J2.2(6) 2c9h.a1n, 3g0e,s 4 t1o, )41(b), 42.1, 42.3, 45, changes to) cbormeaiknign gin r uanled a gnodi nregs otaurtt:e Bd1 1or breCa6k.i6n(ga )r,u Dle1 .a2n(ed) r, eFs5tarted or entries from other countries: resailed races: 36 ch4a7n.g2,e 4s9 t,o 5 s2a, i6li2n.g1, i6n9s.t1r,u 8c0ti,o Bn1s0 (,S ee resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See compass bearing: 33(a) Csa3i.l2in, gD 5in.4s,t rDu5c.t5io, En1s.,2 c(haa)nges to) definitions (changes): B preamble, s9a0i.l2in(bg) i,n Js1t.r2u(c4t)i,o Jn2s.,2 c(6h)anges to) cborneadkuicntg o rfu al er aocfe P: a2r5t –23, 63, o8r5 4, 9: 0.1, breCa2k, iDng1. 1ru(ale), oEf1 P.1a, rFt p2,re 3a omr b4l:e entry and qualification: 75–81, B63.3,( aE)3, E5.1, E5.4, E5.7 De6fi3n.i3ti(oan),s E, 5n.o1, cEh5a.n4,g Ee5s. 7to: 86.1 J1.2(5)(6)

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152 151 1513

160 161 INDEX INDEX INDEX eBqaucikpimeng ant s, acillo: t2hi2.n3g, for increasing Fbareactsk finogu nrdu,l efi onfd Pinagrt: 623: .464, .16,9 6.20(e.1()a, ), Bfinaicskhiinngg a t ismaiel:s ,2 a2d.3justment in bhareail bkyin rga crue lceo omf Pmairtt e2e: :4 B41.10,, 6E03.1.5(a, ), bawil eoiguth: t4: 54,3 5.11, B4, F4, H E662..18(, bN)1, .,4 E(4b.)4, E5.5(a) barile oduret:s 4s5: ,6 541.2 6E23..16(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) ebqaulliapsmt, emnot vinasbple:c 5ti1on, inspector: fbareacts kiinn agp rpuelea, lasd: 7v0a.n1t(aga),e 7 g1.a3i ned. bfirasllta resta, smonaovabblele o: p51portunity: 44.3, bhareail fkoirn gro roumle:, 2a0d,v Ea1n.t3ag(be) gained. 43.1(c), 62.1(a), 78.3, H2, J1.2(7) control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), 61.1(a), B5, D1.2(c), D2.2(a), control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) facCts8 i.n3 (ma)e, aDs3u.1rem(d)ent protests: beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) haCil,8 c.3o(ma)e, Dw3it.h1(ind:) Race Signals Ebettingquipm eandnt R anti-corruption:ules of Sailing, T 6he: 64.3(b), B5 bettingD2.5( anda), D anti-corruption:5.2, E6.3, F5 6 breaking rule, failure to take bhareail, kinin pgr oruteles,t f: a6i1lu.1r(ea t)o, B ta5k, eD 2.2(a), blaJc1k.1, (b3l)a, cJk2 .&1( w2)hite, flag by bflalagc,k i,n bcloarcrke c&t :w Ch8i.t2e, flag by facptse nina lrteyd: rDe2s.s3: 64.2 pDe2n.5a(laty),: ED62..33, F5 equuimpmpieren:t ,C d5e.4fe, cDt1iv.2e(, drep), Da2ir.,4 (c) floutamtipoinr ed: eCv5ic.4e,: D(S1e.2e( dp)e, rDso2.n4a(lc ) fbareactsk, iansgs urumlee,d n: oR a2d.3vantage gained: bhareail, koiuntg o rfu rlae,d nioo caodnvtaronlt:ag E2e. 3gained: blarecpk lflaacgem ruelnet: :R Ba1c1e, DSi5gn.5,a Fls4,, 2 6, blaflcokt afltaiogn r udlev: iRcaecse) Signals, 26, facCts6,. i6n(abd)equate, insufficient: D2.6, haCili6n.g6 (rbe)quirements: E2.1 N302..32,( bE)3.7 fog3 0s.i3g,n Ea3ls.7 and lights: 48.1 breaR5king rule, penalties at time of bhareailsk ainngd raurlme, spiegnnaalltsie: sC 2a.t8 t,i mD1e. 1o(fd ) ebqouaitp omewnnte,r :l i2fe, -3s, a6v9i.n1g(a: )1, .629, .420(d), boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), facitnsc, iidnefonrtm: 4i4ng the parties: 65.1 footwear: 43.1(b) incident: 44 equ6i9p.me3(cnt), 7, 8li.m1,i Eta8t(iobn),s G o1n.1: (4c7), 69.3(c), 78.1, E8(b), G1.1(c), handicap or rating system: Rule (d), fbareactsk, inengw r:u Rle5, starting penalty: four hull lengths: E1.1 breaA3k,i nAg7 ,r Ju1le.1,( s4t)a, rJt1in.2g( 7p)e, nJa2l.1ty(8: ) equJi1p.2me(6)nt, for boat: Clear Astern J1.2(6) fair3 p0.la2y, 3: 20.3 freestyle competition: B preamble, ha3u0li.n2g, 3o0u.t3: 45, J2.2(26) boaonmd :C 5l0e.a3r Ahead; Overlap, Finish, boBo1m0:, 5B011.3, F preamble boSwtasrptr, i1t:. 25,0 3.30,( a4)2.3(h), 47.1, 78.3, H fair sailing: 2 bowsprit: 50.3(a) head to wind: Leeward and Call Book for Match Racing: CaWll Boindowk afrodr, M13a,t 1c8h. 2R(acc)i,n 1g8:. 3 , ebrrreoarc bhy o rfa, cbere caokminmg irtutelee:, protest fairness: 32.1(e), 63.7, 64.2, N2.1 breach of, breaking rule: committee: 29.2, 32.1(a), 62.1(a), Introduction Gate: (See mark, gate) IBn2t,r oCd2u.4c,t iCo2n.7, C7.3(a), C7.4(a), Sportsmanship and the Rules, fetching: Mark-Room, 18.3, 20.1(c), Sportsmanship and the Rules, D1.1(b), F preamble 6P6rotest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , CaBll pBoreoakm fbolre T, eCa2m.7 ,R Fa pcreingam: ble gePnreoratel srte, c5a, lPl (aSret e2 rpecreaalml) ble, 14, , Call Book for Team Racing: Introduction heIanrtirnogd, uncetwio:n 71.2 evi2d0e.n2c(be,) ,n 2e1w, 3 a0n.2d, s3ig0.n3i,fi 3c6a,n 4t3: .616(c) finish: Race Signals, Proper Course, go2in0g.2 o(bu)t, (2S1e, e3 0co.2m, 3in0g.3 i,n 3 a6n, 4d3 g.1o(icn)g evi4d4e.n1,c 6e 0a.1t (hae)a, 6ri0n.g3s(a: )6(32.)3, (6a2).,1 6(b3.)5, , caRpasiczien,g c, a2p8s.1iz, e2d8:. 22,3 3, 1B, p32re.1a, m35b,l e, 4o4u.t1), 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), chaepasriinzeg,, cnaopts eiznetdit:l e2d3 ,t oB: p5re, Ca9m.1b, le, 6633..63,( 6a4),. 26,4 B.11, 06,7 C, 761.6.3(a, )A, 1D11, .B25(e, ), 4B42.,2 B, 1414,. 3D(5b.)5,, 6F1 p.1re(aa)(m3)b, l6e1, .F32, , F5 go6o3d. 3ma(a)n, ne64r.1s,: 6679,. 17(1a.)3, A11, B5, DB2,. 2B,1 D1,2 D.55.5, F preamble, F2, F5 B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, D5.3, E6.8, F5 (See also facts) Ca9s0e. 3Bo(ao),k A: I3n, tAro4d.1u, cAti4o.n2, A5, A6.1, government rules: Part 2 preamble, hCeaasrei nBog,o pke: nInatlrtoy dwuicthtioount (See D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 A9, A11, B4, B5, C2.1, C6.3, C6.4, 48.1, J2.2(2) penalty without hearing) exc(lSuedein agls ao sacdovraen: Atag2,e A g8a.1in, Aed8 .b2y, certificate (See measurement, (See also advantage gained by, certificate (See measurement, C7.2, C7.3, D1.1(e), D3.1(a), D3.2, hearing, reopening: 63.3(b), 66, excrleutsirieo)n of boat or competitor: rating, boat certificate) grorestsi rme)isconduct: 69, P2.3 rating, boat certificate) E6.5, F preamble, F4, F5, J2.1(7), 71.2, C9.1, E5.10, R5 br6e9a.c2(h,c g)(2ro)s, s7:6 6, 9C,6 P.62.(3c) chJa2n.g2e(1, 9c)h,(a2n5g)ing course (See bgroeaucnhd,i nggro (sSse: e6 9a,g Pro2u.3nd) change, changing course (See course, change of) hecaoriunrgs,e r,e cqhuainremge eonf)t for a: 63.1 ebxrcelauksdioonw onfs w: Dit1n.e2s(gs )f,r Dom5 hearing: finishing line: Race Signals, Finish, bgryebaek,d goywbinnsg: :D 118..24(,g 4)2, D.25(e ), 42.3(b), 63.3(a) changes to prescriptions (See 44.2, 50.2, B2, B4, C2.4, C7.2, chheanrignegs: Ptoa rptrye, s6c0r.i3p,t 6io1n.1s( c(S), e6e1 .2, breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, Mark, Racing, 28.1, 32.2, 33, 44.2, breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, exonerate, exoneration: 14, 21, 64,1, pr4es4c.3ri(pbt)i,o An7s,) B4, B12, C2.1, C3.3, C7.4, F2, F4 pre62sc.1ri(pat)i,o 6n3s, )64.1, 65, 69.2, 70.1, D2.3(d) D2.3(d) 71.2, 71.3, C8.1(b), D2.6, D3.1(d), 64.1(a), C8.1(b), D2.2(d), D3.1(d) chCan7.g2e, sC 7to.4 r, uDle3s.1 ((Sc)e,e E r3u.4le(sb,) , F changes to rules (See rules, breaking rule 42: P preamble, F4, J2.1(6), breaking rule 42: P E7, F5, J2.2(31), N1.4, N2.1, R2, expression competition: B changes to) Hail by observer: E5.1(b) cRh4a.2n,g Re5s, to) brpearekainmgb rluel,e B a1n0d, Bre11started or finishing mark: Racing, 31, E3.4, breaking rule and restarted or changes to sailing instructions (See hail by or to umpire: D2.3, D2.4(b), changes to sailing instructions (See resailed races: 36 J2.1(5) resailed races: 36 hearing and rule 42: P2 sailing instructions, changes to) D2.5 sailing instructions, changes to) breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: hearing by national authority: 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7 ha6il 3b.y3 (par)o, Ete5s.1t ,c Eo5m.4m, Eit5te.7e: P1 69.3(a)

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154 151 1515

162 163 INDEX INDEX INDEX hBeaacrkiningg, rai gshaitl :t o2 2b.e3 present: ibnreaformkiningg r cuolem opf ePtaitrot r2, :r u4l4e. 16, 96 0.1(a), Binateckrninagti oa nsaali lj:u 2r2y.: 369.2, 70.5, bknreaockkionugt rsuelrei eosf :P Ca1r0t .26:, 4C41.11.,2 6, 0.1(a), ba6il3 o.3u(ta: )4, 5E,6 5.71 h6e2a.1r(ibng), :, 6E94..24(,a E)5.5(a) ba8il 9o.2u(tb: 4),5 9, 15(1b), J2.2(34), N 6C21.11.(3b()b, ),, ED44.4.1,, ED54.5.6(,a D) 4.7 hbeaallrainstg, ,m timovea blimle:i t5: 1J2.2(30) ibnreaformkiningg r,u dle,c aisdiovnan, ptagenea lgtayi:n 6e5d..1 , bInatlelarnsat,t mionoavla Rbeleg: u5l1ations for breaking rule, advantage gained. Cco8n.6t,r oEl3 g.7ained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), Preventing Collisions at Sea: Part control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), hbeelapti ntog wthionsdew ianr da: 1n8g.e1r(:a 1),. 142.3(c) C8.3(a), D3.1(d) beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) LeeCw8.a3r(da )a,n Dd3 W.1(idnd) ward: Mark- betting and anti-corruption: 6 informing national authorities: 69.3, betting2 pre aandmb lanti-corruption:e, 48.1, 48.2, J2. 26(2) Room, Tack, Starboard or Port, hiking harness: 43.1(b) breaking rule, failure to take breaking rule, failure to take black, black & white, flag by 69.4 binltaecrkp, rbeltaactkio &n owfh mite,a flsaugreme by nt 11, 17, 18.2(e), B preamble, F hiking straps: 49.1 penalty: D2.3 penalty: D2.3 umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) informing other boat, protest: urumlepsi:r e6:4 C.35(.b4), D1.2(d), D2.4(c) preamble hull length: Obstruction, Zone, 17, breaking rule, no advantage gained: breaking rule, no advantage gained: black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, 61.1(a) binltaecrkp flreatga triuolne :o Rf arucele Ss,i gnreqaulse, s2t6, fo r: leeward boat: eeward and 61.1(a)(2), C2.3, D1.1(a), E1.1 C6.6(b) C6.6(b) 30.3, E3.7 informing parties to a hearing: 65.1, 370.43, RE13,. 7R2.3 Windward, 11, 17 breaking rule, penalties at time of breaking rule, penalties at time of boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), 65.2, R4 binoteart porwetnaetiro: n2 ,o 3f, r6u9le.1s(,a T),h 6e9 C.2a(sde), lifelines: 43.2, 49.2 incident: 44 incident: 44 I fla6g9 .r3u(lce):, R7a8c.1e, ES8ig(bn)a,l sG,1 S.1ta(cr)t, 22.1, informing protest committee: C8.4 6Bo9.o3k(c: )In, 7tr8o.1d,u Ec8ti(obn), G1.1(c), life-saving equipment, personal 3J01.12(6) breaking rule, starting penalty: IRPJC1.AS2(6 ()See International breaking rule, starting penalty: info3r0m.2i,n 3g0 .p3rotestee: 61.1, B5, E6.3 flo3ta0t.i2o,n 3 0d.e3vices: Race Signals, 1.2, ibdoeonmtifi: c5a0t.i3on on sails: 77, B11, E8, boRoemg:u 5la0t.i3ons for Preventing 27.1, 40, J2.2(13) F9, G informing race committee: 44.3(b), Collisions at Sea) bowsprit: 50.3(a) B7.1, D1.2(c), E6.4 bowsprit: 50.3(a) loaned boats: G3, J1.2(14) ill, illness: 41(a), 47.2, N1.5 Call Book for Match Racing: World Sailing class: 76.3, B9, G1 Call Book for Match Racing: breach of, breaking rule: breach of, breaking rule: infoInrtmroindgu cutmiopnires: C6.4(b), D1.2(c) oIwn tProodinutc Stiyosntem: 90.3(a), A4, B10, in wSpriotirntgsm, aapnpsehailps :a 7n1d. 4t,h Re 4R.1ules, WorldSpo rSailingtsmans Codes,hip and regulations: the Rules, J1.2(13), J2.1(9) iCnajullr Boy: 1o4k( bfo),r 4T1e(aam), 4R4a.1ci, n4g7:. 2, Call Book for Team Racing: in wPrroittiensgt,, re5,a Psaornt 2fo pr reexacmlubslieo,n 1:4, 7 6.1, 60.3(a), 61.1(a)(4), 62.1(b), IPnrtorotedsut,c 5ti,o Pna, rRt u2l ep,r 5e,a 6m9b.3le(a, )1(4,b) , 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) Introduction (2c0).,2 6(9b.)4, ,2 716, .310, .729, ,3 800.,3 8, 36.61,, 4836..12(,c ) Introduction in writing, measurement issues: 63.5, B4, C6.2(a), C6.6(c), D1.2, Mainsail: Leeward and Windward, 4434..11(,c 6)0, 6.14(a.3),( c6)0, .738(a.3)(2), 62.1(b), caDps2i.z3e(,d c)a, Dps3i.z1e(d:) (233), BE4 p.2re, aFm4 ble, 8494.12,( b60),. 19(1a()b, )6, 0J.13.(2a()2()2()3, )6, 2J.21.(2b()1,) capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, 63.3(a), 64.1, 67, 71.3, A11, B5, B2, B11, D5.5, F preamble, F2, F5 (6S3e.3e( al)s, o6 4A.1d,v 6e7r,t 7is1i.n3g, AC1o1d, eB, 5A, nti- B502.,1 B, C112,. 4D,5 E.58,, FG p1.re1, amble, F2, F5 in writing, misconduct allegation: B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, inside boat, board: Mark-Room, DB1o2p, iCng8 .C2,o Cd8e.,4 E, lCig1i0b.i5li(tby )C, Dod1.e2,, manual power: 52 69.2(a) Ca1s8e. 2Bo, 1o8k.3: (Inbt)r, o1d8u.4c,t 1io9n.2(b), B Case Book: Introduction D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 SDa1i.l3o, rD C3l.a1s(dsi)fi, cEa4t.i7o(nb )C, oEd5e.8), P2 marathon race: B preamble in w(Sreitein agl,s por aodtevsatn, tpagroete gsat idneecdi sbioy,n : ceprtreifiacmatbel (eS, eBe2 ,me C2a.6s,u Cre2m.7,e Dn1t,. 1(b), (See also advantage gained by, certificate (See measurement, mark-room: 14, 18.2, 18.3(b), 21, B 6r1e.t2ir,e 6)5.2 Fra ptreinga,m bbolaet, cFe2rtificate) Jurmetpirineg) : B11, F preamble, F2 rating, boat certificate) preamble, B2, C2.6, C2.7, D1.1(b), icnhtearnegsete, dch paanrgtyin: g6 0c.o2u(ars),e 6 (0S.e3e(a ), jury (See international jury) change, changing course (See ibnr wearcithin, g,r oresdsr: e6s9s, Pre2q.3uest: 62.2, breach, gross: 69, P2.3 F preamble B7.2 6c3o.u4r, s7e1,. 1c,h Ea1n.1g,e N o3f.)3 course, change of) breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 mark, gate: 18.4, 28.1(c), 32.2(c), 33 in writing, sailing instructions icnhtearnfgeeres, tion tperrefescrirnipgt:i o2n4,s B (S2,e Be1 1, Keep clear: 62.1(b), E6.6 changes to prescriptions (See breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, changes: 90.2(a)(c), E1.3(d) prCes2c.1r0ip, tCio9n.2s,) D1.1(e), D2.7, F2 keep clear: Obstruction, Part 2 pmraerskc,r mipitsiosninsg), out of position: Race D2.3(d) D2.3(d) Signals, 32.1(d), 34 individual recall (See recall) icnhtearnfgeeresn tcoe r,u rlaedsi o(S: eEe2 .r5u,l Ees6,. 6 Section A preamble, 10–17, changes to rules (See rules, breaking rule 42: P bre1a9k.2(incg) ,r u2l2e, 4B22:, PB11, B12, C2.4, mark, moving: 27.2 information: 41(c), 41(d), 60.2(a), intecrhnaantgioensa tlo e)vent: 86.2, G1.1(b) changes to) breaking rule and restarted or breCa2k.i9n, gF rpurleea amndb lree, sFt2arted or 60.3(a), 61.3, 63.2, 65.2, 65.3, mark, touching, holding: 31, 44.1(a), resailed races: 36 Icnhtearnngaetsio tnoa sl aJiulindgg ein: 7st0r.u5c(cti)o, nNs1 (.2S,e e resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See 69.2(f), E4.2(c), J1.1, J1.2, J2.1, Nsa1i.l4in (gb )i,n Nst1r.u5c, tNio3n.2s, changes to) kiteboard racing rules: F sBa2i.l5ing instructions, changes to) brJe2a.k2in(1g) ,r Ru5le of Part 2, 3 or 4: breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7

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156 151 1517

164 165 INDEX INDEX INDEX maBacrk:i nFge tac hsianilg: ,2 M2.a3rk-Room, Racing, nboreatickei nbgo arurdle: 8o6f .P2a, r8t7 2, :9 404.2(.1,c 6),0 B.11(0a,) , Bovaecrklianpg, oa vsearillap: 2p2.e3d: Clear Astern bpreaenakltiny,g l irmuliets o of nP:a 6rt4 2.1:( b44),. 1C, 76.30.1(a), 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) baSilt oarutt, :Z 4o5n, e5,1 18.1, 18.3, 18.4, 19.1, B11, B12, J2.2(10), N1.6 baailn odu Ct:l 4ea5r, 5A1head; Overlap, Keep penalty, no: Part 2 preamble, 14(b), ba2ll0a.s1t(c, m), o27v.a2b, l2e8: ,5 310.2, 30.3, 31, Nbreaotickein ogf Rrualcee, aGduviadnet:ag Ke gained. baCllalesat,r ,m Leoevwabalred: a5n1d Windward, brea36k, i6n4g. 3ru(ale), Cad5v.1a, nCt6ag.6e(b g)a(3in),e d. 32.2, 33, B preamble, B2, B3, C2.1, control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), Mark-Room, 11, 17, 18.2, 18.3(b), control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) D1.3(c), D2.5(f), D3.1(d)(3) C2.7, C7, E5.1, F preamble, F2, notCic8e.3 o(fa r),a Dce3,. 1c(hda)nging: 89.2(a) 18.4, 19.2, B preamble, B2, B11, C8.3(a), D3.1(d) betting and anti-corruption: 6 betting and anti-corruption: 6 penalty, not taken: C5.6, D2.3(e) F3, J2.1(4)(5)(See also finishing nboreatickei nogf rraucle,: fRauilluer e(e t)o, 2ta5k.1e, 63.7, C2.6, C2.7, D1.1(b), F preamble, breaking rule, failure to take black, black & white, flag by black, black & white, flag by (f), P2 mark, starting mark) 7p0e.n5a, 7lt9y,: 8D12, .836.2, 89.2(a), C F2 penalty: D2.3 umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) preamble, G3, J1, R2.2(c), umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) penalty, scoring: 44.3 match racing rules: C breaking rule, no advantage gained: overlap, reasonable doubt: 18.2(d) breaking rule, no advantage gained: black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, Match Racing, Call Book for: notCic6e.6 t(ob c)ompetitors: Race Signals overlapped, not: 12, 18.2(b) peCna6l.t6y(,b t)aking: Sportsmanship and 30.3, E3.7 30.3, E3.7 the Rules, 22.2, 24.2, 44, C2.2, Introduction breaking rule, penalties at time of overtaking: B11 breaking rule, penalties at time of boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), C7.2(a), C7.4, D1.3(a)(b), E4.4 measurement protests, decisions: Obisnecrivdeern: tB: 1424, E1.1, E5, E6.8, P1, P4 incident: 44 69.3(c), 78.1, E8(b), G1.1(c), ow6n9e.3r ((cS)e, e7 8b.1o,a Et 8o(wb)n, eGr)1.1(c), 64.3, 65.3, 78.3 penalty, identification: G5 J1.2(6) obbreastrkuicntgio rnu:l e1,8 s.1ta(drt)i,n 1g9 ,p 2e0n.1a,l tFy : J1.2(6) breaking rule, starting penalty: measurement, redress: 62.1(a) p3re0.a2m, 3b0l.e3, J2.2(18) pe3rs0o.2n, i3n0 c.3harge: 46, 78.1, 78.2, boom: 50.3 bPaorotmy t:o 5 a0 .h3earing: 60.3(a)(2), E4.4 (See also boat owner) measurement, rating, boat obstruction, continuing: 18.1(d), bowsprit: 50.3(a) bo62ws.1p(rait):, 5603..32(, a6)3.3, 63.4, 63.6, personal flotation devices: Race certificate: 78, B5, G1.1, J1.2(7), Ca1ll9 Bo.1, 1o9k. f2(cor )M, Fa tpcreh aRmacbinleg: 64.1, 64.3(d), 65.1, 65.2, 66, Call Book for Match Racing: breach of, breaking rule: breach of, breaking rule: Signals, 1.2, 27.1, 40, J2.2(13) N2.2(a) OffIsnhtroordeu Rcaticoing Council: 76.3 70.1(a), 71.3, 71.4, C9.1, D3.1(d), Introduction Sportsmanship and the Rules, Sportsmanship and the Rules, measurer: 43.1(c), 78.3, H2 E1.2(a), E7, N1.4(b), R2.2(e), R3, positive buoyancy: 43.1(b) Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , OCnalel -BoTuronk Pfoern Taeltaym: 4 R4.a1c, i4n4g.:2 , Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , Call Book for Team Racing: R4 possession: B11 mis2c0o.2n(dbu),c 2t,1 g, 3ro0s.2s,: 3609.,3 P, 23.63, 43.1(c) DIn1t.r3o(dau),c Dti2o.n3, E4.3, E7(b) 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) Introduction mo4v4in.1g, 6a0s.t1e(ran),: 6202.3,( a4)2(.22)(, d6)2.1(b), ocoapchsizneg, :c 4a2p.s2i(zce)d, P: 253, B preamble, pe4na4.l1ti,e 6s0, .f1o(ar )b, rea60.k3i(nag)( r2u)l, e6 422.1:( Pb), cpoapsstpizoen, ec,a popsisztepdo:n 2e3d, :B R parecea Smigbnlea,ls , Racing, 27.3, 30.2, 30.3, C3.2(b) 63.3(a), 64.1, 67, 71.3, A11, B5, oppBo2s, iBte11 t,a Dck5 .(5S,e Fe p treacakm, obplep,o Fs2it,e F)5 pe6na3.l3ty(a a)n, d64 m.1e, a6s7,u 7rem1.3,e An1t:1 6, B4.53, (a) B2, B11, D5.5, F preamble, F2, F5 B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, B(c1)2, ,6 C5.83.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, (c), J2.2(37), P3 oCragsaen Boizinogk :a Iuntthrodriutyc:t iPoanrty, 62.1(a), Case Book: Introduction NaDtion1.3a, lD a3u.1th(do)r,i tEy4: .I7n(tbro),d Eu5c.8ti,o Pn2, D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 prescriptions, changes to: 63.8, 69.2(g), 70.3, 75.1, 76.1, 76.2, penalty, on appeal: 71.3 R(Suelee (cal)s, o6 6a,d 6v7a,n 6t9ag.2e, 6g9a.i3n,e 6d9 b.4,y, certificate (See measurement, (See also advantage gained by, cerIntitfircoadtuec (tSioene, me88 asurement, 85, 86.2, 88.1, 89.1, 89.2, 90.1, 91, 7re0.t3ir,e 7)0.4, 70.5, 71.2, 71.3, 71.4, rating, boat certificate) pernaetlitrye )and postponed, abandoned rating, boat certificate) 75.1, 86.1(a), 86.3, 88, 89.1, 91(b), B10, D5.1, J1.1(1), J1.2(2), J2.2(1), race: 30.2, 30.3, P3 prescriptions: Introduction, Rule (c), breach, gross: 69, P2.3 change, changing course (See breach, gross: 69, P2.3 cha6n7,g 6e9, .c2h(ca)n, g7i0n.g5 (cao),u 8rs6e.1 ((Sa)e,e 8 6.3, B10, F5, G1.1, G2, J2.2(5)(33)(34), Jc2o.u2r(s8e), Nch1a.1n, gNe2 o, f) penalty by umpires: C5, C6.5, C8, course, change of) brNea1k.1d, oNw1n.3s,: N D11..62, (Rg), D5 breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 88, 89.1(d)(g), 90.2(b), J1.2(4), ocuhtarnigggeesr t: o5 0p.r3escriptions (See D2.2, D2.3, D2.5, E5.2 chaJ2n.g2e(4s )t(o5 )p(r6e)s, cHr,i pNt,i oRn ps re(Saeme bles nbaretiaoknainlg l eruttleer s14: 7: 71.4 B, C9,6 E.68(,c G),1 C, G8.36, breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, opuretssicdreip btiooants, )board: 18.2, 19.2(b), penalty without hearing: 30.2, 30.3, preizsecsr:i pAt7io, Cn1s1).3(c), J1.2(15), navDiga2.3b(lde) water: Mark, Part 2 B2, C2.6, D1.1(b), F2 D632..13, (Ad5) , B10, B11, C8.6, P2 changes to rules (See rules, chaJ2n.g2e(s3 9to) rules (See rules, brSeaekcitniogn r uCl ep r4e2a:m Pble breaking rule 42: P outcshidane gheeslp to: 4)1, 42.3(h), B11, penalty, cancelled: C2.1, C7.2, P3 prochiabnitgeeds atoct)ions: 42.2 nbirgehatk siniggna rullse: aJn2.d2 (2re)started or D1.1(g), E4.2, F4 bpreenaakltiny,g c roumlep alnetdin rges: tFainrtieshd, oCr2 .1, resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See resailed races: 36 cphroapnegre cso tuor ssaei:l iMnga rikn-sRtoruocmti,o 1n7s, (See normal position: Clear Astern and ovesralailipn, gb rinoskternu:c 1ti8o.n2s(c, )c(h1a) nges to) C5.5, C7.4(b) s1a8i.1li(nbg) ,i n1s8t.r2(uc)t,i o1n8s.4, ,c 2h4a.n2g, eBs to) brCealekainr gA rhuealed o; fO Pvaerrtl a2p, 3, oFirn 4is: h, B bpreenaakltiny,g i nrufoler mofi nPga rotf 2, ,re 3p oorr 4ti:n g: preamble, B2, C2.2, F preamble, p6r3e.a3m(ab),l eE,5 B.12, ,E F5 .p4re, Ea5m.7ble 635.13,( 6a9),. 2E(5d.1)(, fE),5 6.49,. 3E(5c.7), 69.4 F2

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158 151 1519

166 167 INDEX INDEX INDEX prBaocpkuinlsgi oan s: a4i2l:, 2B24.3, J2.2(29) pbrreaoteksitn, gm reuales uorfem Paertn 2t:: 4434..11(, c6)0, .614(a.3), Braaccek icnogm am siatitle: e2:2 R.3ace Signals, brareacinkgin agr erau:l eP aorf tP 2a prtre 2a: m44b.1le, ,6 601.1.1(a, ), 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) pbraoitl eosut tb: e4t5w, 5e1en boats in different 65.3, 78.3 baIinl otruotd: u4c5t,i o51n, Abandon, Party, E5.2, J2.2(16) barlalacsets, :m 6o3v.8able: 51 pbrreaoteksitn, gn oru wler,i tatdevna: nBt1ag0, eC g6a.4in(be)d., baPllarostte, smt,o Rvacabinleg: ,5 217, 29, 30, 32, 33, brareacinkgin rgu lreu: lIen, taroddvaunctiagone, g3,a 8in6e.1d., control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), 34, 35, 43.1(c), 44.3(b), 76.1, 76.2, control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) D1.2(e), F5 beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) 86.2, J1.2(1), J2.2(3), N1.1 protest by protest or race C8.3(a), D3.1(d) 81, 85, 91, C3.2, D5, E2.5, E3, E5.1, C8.3(a), D3.1(d) bettingcomm anditte eanti-corruption:: 60.2(a), 60.3(a 6), protest, protest, no right to, no betting and anti-corruption: 6 racing, not: Part 2 preamble, 24.1, breaking rule, failure to take E6.2, E6.4, E6.6, E8 breaking rule, failure to take bla6c1k.1, (bbl)a(cck), &61 w.3hite, flag by grounds for: 5, 60.1(a), 60.2(a), black, black & white, flag by 62.1(b), 64.1, C2.9 penalty: D2.3 race, conduct of (See conduct of a penalty: D2.3 proutmespt icreo:m Cm5.i4tt, eDe1 a.2n(dd )a, pDp2e.4al(sc:) C6.2, D1.2(a), D1.2(d), D2.2, D2.5, umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) radio sailing racing rules: E breaE6k.1ing rule, no advantage gained: race) breaking rule, no advantage gained: bla7c0k, 7fl1a,g F rule: Race Signals, 26, black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, C6.6(b) race, decision to: 4 radCi6o.s6: (Eb4).5(c), J2.2(26) pro3t0e.s3t, cEo3m.7mittee and redress: protest, right to: 60, C6.1 30.3, E3.7 breaking rule, penalties at time of race, entry and qualifications: brareatinkgi ncger rtuifilec,a ptee n(Saelteie s at time of boAa6t .o2w, An1e0r,: C2,9 3.2, ,6 D91.1.(2a()f,) ,6 E96.2.9(d), protest, time limit (See time limit, boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), incident: 44 75–81 imnceiadseunret: m44ent, rating, boat pro6t9e.s3t( co),m 78m.1i,t tEe8e( abn),d G r1e.1o(pce),n ed protest) 69.3(c), 78.1, E8(b), G1.1(c), certificates) hJe1a.2r(in6g) : 66 pbrreaoteksitn, gv arluidleit, ys,t ianrvtianlgid piteyn oafl:t y: racJe1,. 2ra(6ci)ng: Introduction, breaking rule, starting penalty: 30.2, 30.3 Obstruction, 4, Part 2 preamble, rat3in0g.2 s, y3s0t.e3ms: Rule (d), A3, A7, prboootems:t 5c0o.m3 mittee and rule 42: P 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 63.5, 71.2, boom: 50.3 J1.1(4), J2.1(8) C6.4(b) 24.1, 31, Part 4 preamble, 44.1, prboowtessptr cito: m50m.3it(tae)e and rule 69: bo6w1s.1p(rai)t,: 6540.3(ac), 78.2, C2.9, C4.1, recall, general: Racing, 29.2, 30.3, pCraoltle Bost,o wk iftohrd Mraawtcinhg R: a6c3i.n1g: Call Book for Match Racing: br6e0a.c2(ch o)f,, 6b0re.3a(cki)n, g6 9ru.2le: breCa7c.2h( obf),, bEre2 aking rule: E3.6, J2.2(22), P3 Introduction Introduction proStpesotr tcsommamnsithteipe aanndd tshceo Rriunlge:s A, 5 protestee, protestor: 61.1, 61.2, racSep, orertsscmheadnuslheidp (aSnede t rhees Rchueledsu, led recall, individual: 29.1, E3.5, CaEll5 Bo.2, oPka frotyr T(Seeaem a Rlsaoc ipnagr:t y to a Call Book for Team Racing: proPtreostte csot,m 5m, Piattret e2 dperceisamiobnlse (, S1e4,e , rParcoetess) t, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , J2.2(22) 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) hInetarroidnugc) tion 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) Introduction decisions by protest committee) race committee and rule 42: P3 recall: Race Signals, 26, Racing 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), pcraoptseisztes,, craepdsreizsesd, :h 2e3a,r Bin pgres, amble, 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), capRseiczoe,m cmeapsnizdeadt:i o2n3s, Bfo pr rePraomtebslte , pro6t3e.s3t( cao),m 6m4.1it, t6e7e, p71ro.3c,e Ad1u1r,e Bs5, , mB2is, cBo1n1d, Duc5t. 5a,n Fd p areppameablsle: ,6 F02–,7 F15 rac6e3 c.3o(ma)m, 6i4tt.e1e, 6 a7n, d7 1r.u3l,e A 6191:, B5, B2, B11, D5.5, F preamble, F2, F5 appeal of: 70.1(a) 60.2(c), 69.2(g) Committees: M B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, pCuamsep Boingo: k4:2 In.2t(rao)duction B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, Case Book: Introduction proDte1.s3t, cDo3m.1m(di)t,t eEe4 .r7e(qbu),e Es5t .f8o,r P 2 racDe1 c.3o,m Dm3.1it(tde)e, Erig4.h7t( bto), pEr5o.t8e, sPt2, Recovering: B1.2 certificate (See measurement, certificate (See measurement, c(Sonefie ramlsaot iaodnv, acnotragrecet igoanin oefd by, req(Suees ta rlesdor aedssv:a 6n0tag.2 e gained by, red flag (protest, penalty): 61.1(a), dreetciirsei)on: 70.2, R1, R2.3 Quraalitfiincga,t iboona tto c rearctiefi c(Saetee) entry and retire) rCa5t.i3n,g C, b6.o1a(bt )c,e Cr6ti.fi4c(abt)e, )C6.5(b), race committee, improper action or prbroetaecsht ,c gormosms:i t6te9e, ,P a2p.3pointment, chqauangleifi, cahtaionng)ing course (See breach, gross: 69, P2.3 chaCn7g.3e(,d c)h, Dan2g.2in(ag) ,c Dou2.r4s,e D (2S.e5e(a ) course, change of) omission by, and redress: 62.1(a) course, change of) brceoamkdpoowsnitsio: nD,1 d.2u(tige),s D, r5ig hts of: breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 red flag, not required: 61.1(a)(2) 60.3, 63.6, 70.5(c), 85, 89.2(b), 91, changes to prescriptions (See race office, protests and requests cha(3n)g, e62s .t2o prescriptions (See breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, Race committee, appointment brefoark irnegd rreusles 1to4:: 6114.,3 C, 6.36.1(c), C8.6, N, R3, Abandon, Interested Party, proesf,c rreipstpions)ibilities: 89.2(b), 90, prerdersecsrisp, taiopnpse)al: 71.2, R2.2(a) PDr2o.t3e(sdt) racDe2 o.3ffi(dc)ials, appointment of: chJa2n.g2e(4s0 t)o rules (See rules, crehdarnegsess, ntoo :r uCl9e.s1 ,( DS1e.e2 r(fu)l,e Ds2, .7, P4 prbroetaeksitn cgo rmulme 4it2te: eP, bre8a9k.2in(bg )rule 42: P racceh caonmgems ittote)e, intending to redcrheasnsg, etism teo )limits: 62.2, C6.3, E6.5 brreeackoinmgme rulnde aantdio rness ftoar:t eMd or protest: 61.1(b) brarceea koirngga rnuizale taionnd :r 8e5s–ta9r1ted or resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See resailed races: 36 crehdarnegsess: Ptoa rstay,i l6in0g, 6in2s, t6r3u,c 6ti4o.n2s, 6(S5.e1e, protest requirements, contents: 61 sailing instructions, changes to) race signals: Race Signals, Rule (a), sailing instructions, changes to) breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: bre2a5k.2in, g2 6r,u Cle3 o, Ef 3Part 2, 3 or 4: 71.2, A6.2, A10, C6.3, C6.4, C9, protest, informing protestee: 61.1, N2.1, N3.2, P4 E663..33(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7

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160 151 1651

168 169 INDEX INDEX INDEX

RegulationBacking a s 19,ail: 2World2.3 Sailing rboreaomk, inogt r eunleti otlfe dP atrot: 21:8 4.24(.1e,) ,6 0.1(a), Brualceksi,n wgi na dssauilr: fi2n2g.3 competition: B sbcreaorikning gp reunlael toyf: P3a0r.t2 2, 4: 44.1.,1 4, 640.3.1, (a), bai (Seel out :Eligibility 45, 51 Code) 1692..21(b)(, c, )E4.4, E5.5(a) bail out: 45, 51 A624..12(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) breaking rule, advantage gained. Safety: 1, 20.3, 32.1(e), 48.1, 49.2, breaking rule, advantage gained. Regulationballast, mo v20,ab lWorlde: 51 Sailing room: Mark-Room, 14, 15, 16, baJll2a.s2t(, 1m3)ovable: 51 scoring redress: 64.2, A6.2, A10, (See Advertising Code) 1c8o.n2t(rco)l, g19a.i2n(ebd):( c4)4, .210(b, )2,1 C, 6B. 5(b), Aco11ntrol gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) C8.3(a), D3.1(d) bsaeial ti dtoe nwtiifincdawtiaornd,: m18e.a1s(au)re, 4m2.e3n(t,c) C8.3(a), D3.1(d) Regulationbetting and 21, anti-corruption: World Sailing 6 preamble, F preamble, F2 betting and anti-corruption: 6 scoring ties: A7, A8, B8.8, C11, D3.3, breaking rule, failure to take numbers, advertising: 77, E8, G breaking rule, failure to take bla (Seeck, b lAnti-Dopingack & white, Code)flag by round-robin series: C10.5, C11, D4 black, black & white, flag by D4.4, D4.5, D4.7 penalty: D2.3 sail, changing, reefing, setting, penalty: D2.3 Regulationumpire: C22,5.4 World, D1.2( dSailing), D2.4 (c ) rounding a mark: 18, 28, C7.2(c) umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) scoring, excluded races: 2, 30.3, breaking rule, no advantage gained: sheeting: 45, 50 breaking rule, no advantage gained: blac (Seek fla Sailorg rule: ClassificationRace Signals, Code)26, black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, 90.3(b), A2, P2.2, P2.3 ruleC 61.46,( bbrea) king: C6.2, C6.6(c), C6.6(b) Regulation30.3, E3. 728.1.3, World D3.1(d) Sa3il0in.3g, IEn3s.t7ructions Guide: L scoring: 35, 69.2(c)(2), 90.3, A, C10, breaking rule, penalties at time of breaking rule, penalties at time of boa Sailing:t owner 86.2: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), sbaoilaitn ogw innsetr:u 2c,t i3o, n6s9, .1c(haa)n, g69e.s2 t(od ), D3, D4, J1.2(13), J2.1(9) (See also rulein 4c2id, esnpte: c4ia4l procedures for: P incident: 44 rep6a9ir.3s(: c4)5, ,7 E86.1.,9 E8(b), G1.1(c), pre6s9c.3ri(pct)i,o 7n8s.1: ,8 E88(b), G1.1(c), disqualification) rbureale iknitnegrp rrueltea, tsiotanr,t rinegq upeesnta flotyr:: breaking rule, starting penalty: repJr1e.s2e(6n)tative: 61.2(d), 63.3(a), 64.3(b), 70.4, R1, R2.3 sailJi1n.2g( i6n)structions, changes to: sculling: 42.2(d), 42.3(d), C2.13 E6.7, J1.2(6) 30.2, 30.3 30.2, 30.3 boom: 50.3 rule not mentioned in protest: 64.1 bo9o0m.2(: 5c0),. 3N2.3(a) seamanship: Room, 42.1 rbeoqwuisrperdi ts: i5d0e.:3 2(a8).2, R2.2(b) sbaoilwinsgp riints: t5r0u.c3t(iao)ns, rule changes: shortening the course: Race rCualell: BoRuolek, fSopr oMrtastmcha Rnsahcinpg a:n d Call Book for Match Racing: rberseaaicl,h r eosft, abrret: aAkbinagn druolne,: 30.2, 30.3, breInatcrho douf,c btireona,k Pinagrt r 2u lper: eamble, Signals, 32, E3.8(c), J2.2(25) tIhnetr Roduulecst,i o3n, 36, 64.1, 65.1, 67, Introduction 3S6p, oCr6ts.6m(ba)n(s2h),i pD 5a.n4d, Jth2e.2 R(3u7le) s, 70.4, 71.3, 78.2, 85, 90.1, J1.1(1), 8S6p.o1(rbts)manship and the Rules, signals, absence of sound: 26, C3.1 resPcrhoetdeustle, 5d, rPaacrets 2: 3p0re.2a,m 30b.l3e,, 8114, , CaJl1l .Bo2(6o)k, fJo2r. 1T(e1a)(m9) ,R Ra1c,i nRg2:. 3 saiPlirnogt einsts,t 5ru, cPtaiortn 2s :p Irnetaromdbulcet,i o14,n, , Call Book for Team Racing: Introduction sigInatrlos,d aurcmtio: Cn2.8, D1.1(d) res2p0o.2n(sbib),i l2it1y,, 3p0e.r2s, o3n0a.3l:, 13.62,, 443, .E11(c.4) rules, acceptance of the: 3 M20a.2rk(b, O), b2s1t,r 3u0c.t2io, n3,0 R.3u, l3e6, P, 4a3rt. 12( c) 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, p44re.1a,m 60b.l1e(,a 2),5 6.10, .235(a.2),( 22)6, ,6 227.1.1(,b ), sciagpnsaizlse,, nciagphsti:z eJ2d.:2 2(32,) B preamble, ret6ir3e.:3 R(a)c,i n6g4,.1 S, p6o7,r 7ts1m.3a, nAs1h1,i pB a5n, d ruleBs2,, bBrea11, kDin5g.5 (,S Fe pere baremabchle), F2, F5 2683.13,( 4a3),. 16,4 4.14,. 16,7 4, 47.13.3(c, )A, 1419,. B2,5 , sigBn2a,l sB,1 o1r, aDl:5 E.52,. 1F, pEre3.a8m(bb),l eP,1 F2, F5 the Rules, 44.1(b), 90.3(a), A4.2, B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, rules, changes to, revision of: 6B11.23,, C683..27, 7C08..54,, 8C61.10,. 58(6b.)2,, D910..22,, signals: Race Signals, 25.2, 26, 27, A5, A6.1, A9, A11, B4, B5, C6.3, Case Book: Introduction Case Book: Introduction D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 Introduction, 86, B, C, D, E, R 9D01..33,, AD13,. 1A(2d,) ,A E44, .G7(1b.1),( bE)5, .G8,3 P, 2 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 40, 48.1, C3, D1.3(b), D3.1(b), D3.2, E2.3, certificate (Se8e5 me, asurement, certificate (See measurement, (See also advantage gained by, preambles, G5 H(S, eper eaalsmob alde,v Ja,n Ntag pree gaaminbeled, by, E3J2.2(2)(13)(15)(22)(24) Ere4t.i3r(ec)), F4, F5, P2.2, P2.3 rating, boat certificate) Nre1t.i4re(b) ), N1.6, P preamble, R rating, boat certificate) rules, conflicting: Introduction, 63.7, skin friction: 53 rberveiaecwh ,p grorocsesd:u 6r9e,s P: 32.(3b) change, changing course (See breparceha,m gbroles,s R: 26.92,( Pc)2,. 3 change, changing course (See C8.1(b) slalom racing: B preamble revision, racing rules: Introduction course, change of) sailing the course: 28, 35, 90.3(a), course, change of) breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 rules, developing, testing: 86.3 breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 changes to prescriptions (See E5.1(c) scphaenedge: 4s 2to.1 ,p 4r2e.s3c(rbip)(tfi)ons (See rbigrehat koinf wg aruyl ea n1d4 :a 1v4o,i Cdi6n.g6 (cco),n Cta8c.6,t: breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, rules, kiteboard racing: F speed competition: B preamble 1D42.3(d) prescriptions) SailorD2.3 Classification(d) Code, prescriptions) right of way, acquiring: 15 rules, match racing: C World Sailing Regulation 22: spinnaker staysail: 54 breaking rule 42: P changes to rules (See rules, breaking rule 42: P changes to rules (See rules, right-of-way boat: Part 2 Section A rulechs,a nnog ecsh aton)ge to: 86.1(a), H 79,J1.2(3), Rule spicnhnaankgeer,s s tpoi)nnaker pole: 50.1, breaking rule and restarted or breaking rule and restarted or preamble, 14, 16.1, 18.4 preamble, N preamble same tack (See tack, same) 50.2, 50.3(c), 50.4, G1.1 resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See resailed races: 36 changes to sailing instructions (See rocking, rolling: 42.2(b), 42.3(a)(b) rulesasi,l rinagd iion stariulicntgio rnasc,i ncgha: Enges to) scoring abbreviations: A11 sailing instructions, changes to) breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: roo6m3.,3 h(ai)l, fEo5r.:1 2, 0E.51.4, E5.7 rules, team racing: D 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7

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162 151 16513

170 171 INDEX INDEX INDEX sBpaocrktisnmg aan ssahiilp: 2: 2S.p3ortsmanship supportbreakin gpersons: rule of P 3.2,art 23.3,: 44 64.4.1, 60.1(a), Btoaucckhiningg a, hsoailld: i2n2g. 3a mark: 31, bwreaeatkhinerg: r1u.2le, 3o2f .1P(abr)t, 2E:3 4.84.(1d, )60.1(a), 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) 62.1(b), , E4.4, E5.5(a) baailn odu tth: e4 5R,u 5l1es, 2, 69.1(a), 86.1(a), surfing, surfing: 42.3(c), B11 ba4il 4o.1u(ta: )4, 5B, 351 weight of clothing, equipment: 43.1, C8.3(c), D2.3(g) breaking rule, advantage gained. breaking rule, advantage gained. ballast, movable: 51 swim: 47.2 btraalclaks: t2, 8m.2ovable: 51 B4, H stability: 51 control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), control gained: 44.1(b), C6.5(b), beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) TacCk8, .o3p(ap)o, sDit3e.1: (Cdle) ar Astern and btreaants titoio wni:n Bd1w1ard: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) weCt 8s.u3i(ta: )4, 0D3.1(d) sbettingtandin gand rig ganti-corruption:ing: 52 6 betting and anti-corruption: 6 breaClekainr gA rhuelaed, f;a Oilvuererl atop ,t a10ke, 18.1(a) trapeze harness: 43.1(b) bwreahiskkienrg p roullee:, 5fa0i.l2u,r 5e0 t.o3 (tac)ke black, black & white, flag by black, black & white, flag by starboard-tack boat: 10, 16.2 (pbe)n, Cal2t.y4: D2.3 trash disposal: 55 winpden: 3a2lt.y1:( cD)2, .432.1, 42.2(e), 42.3(c) umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) umpire: C5.4, D1.2(d), D2.4(c) start, before the: Race Signals, 27, tbareack, krionogm ru tloe:, Mnoa rakd-Rvaonotmag, e2 0g, aCin2e.8d: tribunal or court: 3(c) bwreaindksiunrgfi rnugle c, onmo paedtvitainotnag ruel egsa:i nBed: black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, 76.1, C4, E3.5 tacCk,6 s.6a(mb)e: Keep Clear, Leeward C6.6(b) 30.3, E3.7 trim30: .432, .E13, .570.1, 51 windward boat, board: Keep Clear, start, did not: A4.2, A5, A9, A11, breaankdi nWgi nrudlwe,a prde,n 1a1lt, i1e2s, a1t7 t, i1m8e.3 o, f brea11k, i1n7g rule, penalties at time of boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(a), 69.2(d), btwooat h ouwll nleenr:g 2th, 3s,: 6197,. 1C(a2).3, ,6 D9.12.1(d(a),) C8.5, 2in0c.1id, Cen2.t7: 44 incident: 44 Two-Turns Penalty: 44.1, 44.2, windward, beat to: 18.1(a), 42.3(c) sta6rt9,. 3n(ecw),: 7289.1.2, E(S8e(be) a, lGs1o. 1re(cs)a, il, tack, change tack: 13, 18.3, 20.2(c), 69.3(c), 78.1, E8(b), G1.1(c), breaking rule, starting penalty: D2.2(f), D2.3, D2.5(g), J1.2(11), breaking rule, starting penalty: rJe1s.2ta(r6t)) C2.7 J1.2(6) witness: 63.3(a), 63.4, 63.6 30.2, 30.3 J2.2(27), P2.1 30.2, 30.3 sbtoarotm: P: a5r0t .23 Section C preamble, tacking and propulsion: 42.2(e), boom: 50.3 World Anti-Doping Agency: 5 bo2w2s.1p, r2it8:. 15,0 2.38(.2a,) 30.1, 31, A4.1, C3.2 42.3(b) bUo wFlagspr iRule:t: 50. 3Race(a) Signals, World Anti-Doping Code: 5 Call Book for Match Racing: Start, 30.3 Call Book for Match Racing: breach of, breaking rule: breach of, breaking rule: World Sailing Speed Record starting area: Race Signals, A9, A11, teaImnt rroadciuncgt irounles: D Introduction JS2p.2o(r1t3sm)(2a1n)s(3h6ip) and the Rules, technical committee: 92 UmSppiorert:s Imntarondshuicpt iaonnd, 8t9h.e2 R(bu)l,e Cs , Council (WSSRC): B12 Call Book for Team Racing: Call Book for Team Racing: Protest, 5, Part 2 preamble, 14, , preParmotbeslet, 5C,3 P.1a, rCt 52, pCr6e.a4m, Cb6le.5, ,1 C4,7 .2,, starting errors: 22 terImntirnoodlougcyti:o Inntroduction Introduction 20.2(b), 21, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c) 2C07.23((bd)),, 2C17,. 43(0b.2)(, c3)0, .C38, ,3 C69, .423, .1C(9c.)3, starting line, extensions of: Mark, three hull lengths: Zone Yellow flag, identification: C4.1 44.1, 60.1(a), 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, 4D4 p.1re, 6a0m.1b(ale),, D602.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), capsize, capsized: 23, B preamble, 2623..13, (2a9).,1 6, 43.01.,1 6, 7C, 37.12.3, A11, B5, tiesB,2 s,c Bo1r1in, gD 5(S.5e,e F spcreorainmgb tliee,s F) 2, F5 63.3(a), 64.1, 67, 71.3, A11, B5, yelBlo2w, B fl1a1,g D, r5a.5ce, Fc opmremamitbtele, sFi2g,n Fa5l: Validity, invalidity of protest: staBrt1i2n,g C l8in.2e,: CM8a.4rk, ,C S1t0a.r5t,( b2)2,. 1D,1 2.28,. 2, B12, C8.2, C8.4, C10.5(b), D1.2, C3.1, C3.2(a) tCimasee l iBomiot,k a: pInpteroadlsu: cRt2io.1n 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 63.5, 71.2, Case Book: Introduction 2D91, .30, D, B31.1.1(,d C),4 E.14.7(b), E5.8, P2 D1.3, D3.1(d), E4.7(b), E5.8, P2 yellow flag, request by boat: tcimereti filicmaitte, e(Sxeteen mesioans oufre: 6m1.e3n, t,62 .2 C6.4(b) certificate (See measurement, sta(rStieneg amlsaor ka:d 1v8a.1n(taag), e1 9g.a2i,n 2e7d.2 b, y, (See also advantage gained by, D2.5(c) retire) timrea tliinmgi,t ,b fionaits che: r3t2ifi.1c(act)e, )35, 90.3, valriedtiitrye )of measurement or rating rating, boat certificate) 31, C4.1 yellow flag, scoring penalty: 44.3 breach, gross: 69, P2.3 chJa2n.1g(e7, )c, hJa2n.2g(i1n9g) course (See bcerertaifichc,a gter:o 7s8s.:1 6, 97,8 P.22.3 change, changing course (See starting penalty: 30, A4.2 course, change of) yelclouwr sflea,g c,h paenngael toyf g) iven: C5, P1 breakdowns: D1.2(g), D5 time limit, protest decision bvereriafikcdaotiwon s(:t iDm1e.2s( agn),d D s5p eeds): B12 starting procedure, error in: 29.3, changes to prescriptions (See changes to prescriptions (See br3e2a.k1i(nag) rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, information: 65.2 bvirseuaakli nagn dru sloeu 1n4d: 1s4ig, nCa6l.s6:( Rc)a, cCe8 .6, Z flag rule: Race Signals, 30.2, 36, D2.3(d) tpimrees clirmipitti,o pnrso)test: 44.3(a), 61.1(a) D2.3(d) prescriptions) starting races: 26, C3.1, E3.4 Signals, 25.2, 25.3 63.1, A4.2, A5, A11 breaking rule 42: P ch(abn)g, 6e1s. 3to, Eru6l.e5s, J(S2.e2e( 3r0u)le, Ns,1 .4(b) breaking rule 42: P changes to rules (See rules, steering: 42.2(b)(3), 42.3(a) Warn, warning the competitor: zone: 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, B preamble, timceh laimngite, sr etoo)pening a hearing: 66, changes to) breaking rule and restarted or bre6a9k.2in(cg) r(1u)l,e 6 a9n.2d( rde)s, tBa6r.t3e(da o),r C 8.2, C2.3, C2.7, C7.3(b), D1.1(a)(b), string representing track (sailing chEa6n.g5e, sR 2to.1 sailing instructions (See changes to sailing instructions (See resailed races: 36 rGe4sailed races: 36 E1.1, F preamble the course): 28.2 sailing instructions, changes to) sailing instructions, changes to) breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: time limit, request for redress: 62.2, bwraevaek ipnegr frourlem oafn Pcaer ct o2m, 3p oert i4ti:o n: B substitution (competitors, boats, C6.3, E6.5 s6a3i.ls3,( ae)q, uEi5p.me1, En5t.)4: ,N E25..27(b) 6p3re.3a(ma)b, lEe5.1, E5.4, E5.7 time to respond: 19.1, 20.2(a)

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Advanced Sea Survival Coastal Medic Offshore Medic

Aim: Gain detailed knowledge and Aim: Learn to manage the trauma Aim: Learn advanced techniques for practical competence in sea survival and medical emergencies with little medical emergencies encountered techniques and equipment outside assistance and medical in a marine environment. equipment in a marine Prerequisites: A Coastal Certificate environment is required to sit the Offshore Medic

16 Hours (2 Days) 16 Hours (2 Days) 16 Hours (2 Days) Unit Standards are available for these courses

A wide range of other specialist courses are also available

Phone 0800 40 80 90 or visit www.boatingeducation.org.nz