SR 260 – Payson to Heber Archaeological Project: Results of Archaeological Testing and a Plan for Data Recovery in the Doubtful Canyon Segment
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SR 260 – Payson to Heber Archaeological Project: Results of Archaeological Testing and a Plan for Data Recovery in the Doubtful Canyon Segment Sarah H. Herr Pat H. Stein Technical Report No. 2009-09 Desert Archaeology, Inc. SR 260 – Payson to Heber Archaeological Project: Results of Archaeological Testing and a Plan for Data Recovery in the Doubtful Canyon Segment DRAFT Project Number: STP-053-2 (38) Sarah H. Herr TRACS Number: 260 GI 269 H4698 01C Pat H. Stein Contract Number: 99-59 Submitted to Historic Preservation Team Environmental and Enhancement Group Arizona Department of Transportation 205 South 17th Avenue Phoenix, Arizona 85007 Technical Report No. 2009-09 Desert Archaeology, Inc. 3975 North Tucson Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85716 • December 2009 COMPLIANCE SUMMARY Date: 18 December 2009 Report Title: SR 260 – Payson to Heber Archaeological Project: Results of Archaeological Testing and a Plan for Data Recovery in the Doubtful Canyon Segment. Technical Report Number 2009-09. Client: Arizona Department of Transportation Client Project Name: State Route 260 – Payson to Heber project Compliance Agency: Tonto National Forest, Arizona Department of Transportation Compliance Level: Federal ADOT TRACS Number: 260 GI 269 H4698 01C Applicable Laws/Regulations: Arizona Antiquities Act, ARS §41-841; Federal Organic Administration Act of June 4, 1897; Antiquities Act of 1906, As Amended; Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, As Amended; National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Section 106; Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) Applicable Permits: TNF permit TON426 for prehistoric period sites; TNF permit TON425 for historic sites; TNF permit TON570 for survey work. Arizona Antiquties Act Project Specific Permit 1999-121ps Tribal Consultation: When working on Tonto National Forest land the State Route 260 project works under the Plan for the Treatment and Disposition of Human Remains and Other Cultural Items from the Tonto National Forest pursuant to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (Revised 2001). The Fort McDowell Indian Community, the Hopi Tribe, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, the San Carlos Apache Tribe, the Tonto Apache Tribe, the White Mountain Apache, the Yavapai-Prescott Tribe, and the Pueblo of Zuni were invited to participate, although they did not sign the Programmatic Agreement Among the United State Department of Agriculture Forest Service, The Federal Highway Administration, The Arizona Department of Transportation, The Arizona State Historic Preservation Officer, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Regarding the SR 260 Payson to Heber (Star Valley to West of Heber) Project. Project Description: Archaeological test excavations of nine sites and supplemental survey of additional right-of-way conducted in advance of highway realignment project in Doubtful Canyon section of the State Route 260 – Payson to Heber project Fieldwork dates and crew person-days (non-supervisory): 72 crew person-days were expended between 6 October and 29 October, 2009 Final Disposition of project artifacts, field notes, data, and records (include ASM Accession No. if applicable): Arizona State Museum. No accession number assigned. Location [Parcel description, city, county, state; legal description; land ownership] Land Ownership: Tonto National Forest land County: Gila County Description: Project is located between mileposts 269 and 272.5 of State Route 260 east of Payson in Township 11 N, Range 12 E, Sections 21, 22, 23, and 26 Area of Potential Effect (APE), definition and description: From right-of-way to right-of way of planned realignment of State Route 260, temporary construction easements, access roads, utility corridors, and areas of drainage modification. iv Compliance Summary Number of Surveyed Acres: 0.23 Number of Sites: 9 List of Register-Eligible Properties: AZ O:12:21/AR-03-12-04-1161 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:27/AR-03-12-04- 745 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:28/AR-03-12-04-746 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:33/AR-03-12-04-878, AZ O:12:115/ AR-03-12-04-265 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:116/AR-03-12-04-267 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:117/AR-03-12-04-1402 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:119/AR-03-12-04-1471 (ASM/TNF). List of Register-Ineligible Properties: AZ O:12:120/AR-03-12-04-1860 (ASM/TNF), AZ O:12:121/AR-03- 12-04-1861 (ASM/TNF) Summary of Results: Nine sites were tested for eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) . Six sites were considered to meet the National Register eligibility requirements. The research potential of three of the register-eligible sites was expended by the testing phase: O:12:27/04- 745 (ASM/TNF), O:12:115/04-265 (ASM/TNF), and O:12:116/04-267 (ASM/TNF). Three sites will require data recovery investigations: O:12:21/04-1161 (ASM/TNF), O:12:28/04-746 (ASM/TNF), and O:12:119/04- 1471 (ASM/TNF). One site, O:12:117/04-1402 (ASM/TNF), needs additional testing before an evaluation can be made. Two sites did not meet the eligibility requirementsfor inclusion in the National Register: O:12:120/04-1860 (ASM/TNF) and O:12:121/04-1861 (ASM/TNF). Recommendations: Additional testing is recommended at O:12:117/04-1402 (ASM/TNF), and data recovery excavations are recommended in the Apache roasting pit, Feature 1, at O:12:119/04-1471, which will be impacted by increased drainage run-off after highway realignment, and at the portions of O:12:21/04-1161 (ASM/TNF) and O:12:28/04-746 (ASM/TNF) within the ROW. TABLE OF CONTENTS Compliance Summary .............................................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ vii List of Tables............................................................................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................1 Research Theme....................................................................................................................................................4 Project Setting .......................................................................................................................................................4 Previous Archaeological Research.....................................................................................................................7 Archaeological Background ...............................................................................................................................9 References Cited .................................................................................................................................................13 2. SURVEY RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................21 Survey Methods..................................................................................................................................................21 Isolated Occurrence ...........................................................................................................................................21 References Cited .................................................................................................................................................23 3. METHODS AND RESULTS OF THE TESTING PHASE ..............................................................................25 Archaeological Methods ...................................................................................................................................25 Evaluation of Site Boundaries ....................................................................................................................25 Surface Collections .......................................................................................................................................25 Trenching .......................................................................................................................................................26 Exposure of Masonry Walls ........................................................................................................................26 Control Units .................................................................................................................................................26 Backfilling ......................................................................................................................................................26 Archival Methods ...............................................................................................................................................27 Results of the Testing Phase .............................................................................................................................27 AZ O:12:21/AR-03-12-04-1161 (ASM/TNF) ............................................................................................27 Sheep Site, AZ O:12:27/AR-03-12-04-745 (ASM/TNF) ..........................................................................29 Flipping Bear, AZ O:12:28/AR-03-12-04-746 (ASM/TNF) ....................................................................31 Archival Research.........................................................................................................................................34