DOCSLIB.ORG

Landlocked Lesotho

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

LANDLOCKED LESOTHO: SOUTH AFRICA’S TOURISM STRANGLEHOLD? by ’Matikoe Matsoso Submitted as a requirement for the degree Magister Societatis Scientiae: (Heritage and Cultural Tourism) FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 2019 SUPERVISOR: Prof K.L. Harris “Our difficulties stem from the fact that while it is easy to change friends, it is impossible to change neighbours especially if it is only one neighbour. Even if one disagrees with or dislikes one’s neighbour one cannot do anything about him unless one resorts to violence, but such alternative is doomed to fail if the neighbour is a hundred times stronger...” Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan – quoted in Thahane, 1973: 239 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acronyms and Abbreviations Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Aims and Objectives 2 1.2 Definitions of Key Concepts 3 1.3 Research Methodology and Sources 9 1.4 Chapter Outline 10 Chapter Two: Literature Overview 2.1 LandLockedness 12 2.2 SADC 13 2.3 Destination Competitiveness: Image and Promotion 23 2.4 Cross Border Cooperation and Tourism 25 Chapter Three: Lesotho - Past and Present 3.1 Lesotho: Place 31 3.2 Lesotho: Past 34 3.3 Lesotho and South Africa’s Interaction 37 3.3.1 Pre-colonial and Colonial Interaction 38 3.3.2 Apartheid Interaction 39 3.3.3. Post – Apartheid Interaction 43 Chapter Four: Tourism in Landlocked Lesotho 4.1 History of Lesotho’s Tourism 52 4.2 The Status quo of Lesotho’s Tourism 60 4.3 Perception of Lesotho as a destination: Literary Survey 62 4.4 Lesotho’s Tourism Policy 64 Chapter Five: South Africa’s tourism Stranglehold 5.1 South Africa’s Tourism 69 5.2 South Africa and Lesotho’s Tourism Compared 72 5.2.1 Size and Location (Geography) 72 5.2.2 Conducive Business Environment and Privatization 73 5.2.3 An Investor Friendly Land-acquisition Policy 7 4 5.2.4 Government Support of the Sector 75 5.2.5 Tourism Service Infrastructure: Air and Ground Transport 77 5.2.6 Immigration and Access Formalities 77 5.2.7 Developed Tourism Human Resources/Education 78 5.2.8 Product Development and Diversification of Tourism Resources 79 5.2.9 Marketing Campaign 80 5.2.10 Technology 81 2.2.11 Safety and Security 82 Chapter Six: Comparative Analysis: 6.1 The Kingdom of Lesotho and Switzerland 87 6.2 The Kingdom of Lesotho and Nepal 92 6.3 The Kingdom of Lesotho and Zambia 97 Chapter Seven: Unlocking Lesotho’s Tourism Stranglehold 7.1 Findings 104 7.2 Conclusion and Recommendations 106 Sources 109 Appendices Tables Table one: Various Bilateral agreements that were entered into by Ls and SA post 1994. 45 Table Two: Ls & SA compared using criteria adapted and developed from Cleverdon’s model. 84 Table Three: Best Tourism Practices from three selected landlocked countries. 100 Table Four: Travel and Tourism Competitive Rankings by World Economic Forum 2017-2018. 102 Maps: Appendix A: A map of the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Republic of South Africa . 132 Appendix B: Historic Boundaries of Lesotho. 133 Appendix C: What attracts leisure and other visitors to Lesotho. 134 Annexures: Annexure One: MTEC Interviews Research Questions 135 Annexure Two: NDT Interviews Research Questions 136 Acronyms and Abbreviations ANC African National Congress ANCYL African National Congress Youth League BAC Basutoland African Congress BCP Basotho congress Party BLS Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland BPOA Brussels Program of Action CSs Coastal states DLC District Liaison Committees FDI Foreign direct investment GDP Gross Domestic Product IMF International Monetary Fund JBCC Joint Bilateral Commission of Cooperation ITB International Tourism Bourse IMF International Monetary Fund LHWP Lesotho Highlands water Project LLCs Landlocked Countries LNDC Lesotho National Development Corporation Ls Lesotho LTDC Lesotho Tourism Development Corporation MK Umkhonto we Sizwe MTEC Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Culture MoU Memorandum of Understanding NDT National Department of Tourism OFS Orange Free State RETOSA Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa RMA Rand Monetary Area SAHO South African History Online SACU Southern African Customs Unions SADC Southern African Development Community SONA State of the Nation Address SA South Africa SANNC South African Native National Congress TSP Tourism Support Programmes UNWTO United Nation World Tourism Organisation UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development WTM World Trade Market (London) WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people, without whom this dissertation would not have been possible. A big thank you to my supervisor Prof Karen L. Harris for her unwavering patience and expert guidance through the process of my studies. I am thankful also to UP Postgraduate Bursary for Masters and Doctoral Students, for funding my Master’s education for the last past two years in the University of Pretoria, South Africa. My sincere gratitude also to my informants from the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Culture (Lesotho) and the National Department of Tourism (South Africa) for sharing their valuable knowledge with me. I am highly indebted to you. Finally, to my family, a very special thanks to my husband Toka Mokhosi, our son Khosi Mokhosi and my mother Mamotinyane Matsoso – your support was unmeasurable. Most importantly, to the lover of my soul, my Lord God – thank you Father for holding onto me with Your right righteous hand throughout this beautiful journey. Chapter One: Introduction Tourism as a global industry has proven to be vital for the economy of many countries. It has been identified as a driving force for regional development, whereby the industry contributes to overall economic growth.1 Therefore, due to its positive effects, tourism development is encouraged not only for developing countries but also developed countries. Like many other progressive countries on the African continent, the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Republic of South Africa have opened their doors to the world as they have also identified tourism as a key element of their development strategy directed specifically at poverty alleviation.2 The current President of the Republic of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, says ‘‘Tourism is another area which provides the country with incredible opportunities to, quite literally, shine. We have the most beautiful country in the world and the most hospitable people’’.3 The Republic of South Africa is an important destination for international tourism and in the last 25 years there has been a remarkable growth in tourist arrival. In contrast, the Kingdom of Lesotho whose independence was received in 1966 is still lagging far behind when it comes to tourism growth and development. In the words of Rethabile Stephen Morake who runs Leseli Tours in Lesotho, “we are often portrayed as a poor country but the truth is that we are in fact blessed and a rich country given the untapped tourism potential that we have”.4 Lesotho is an extreme example of a landlocked state as it is totally embedded within the Republic of South Africa. As such, it depends on South Africa for most of its economic affairs.5 1United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). 2006. Tourism. https://www.unwto.org. Accessed: 18 March 2017. 2Government Communications. n.d., Pocket Guide to South Africa 2011/2012. https://www.gcis.gov.za.sa- info. Accessed: 12 February 2019; Lesotho Government, 2012:102. 3South African Government, 4 October 2018. President Cyril Ramaphosa: Opening of Jobs Summit. https://www.Jobssummit.co.za/sona-20-summary-of-key-points-made-by-cyril-Ramaphosa. Accessed: 13 February 2017. 4J.T. Steinmetz, 20 Sept 2018. Lesotho banks on Tourism after China Forgives Debt. https:// www.eturbonews.com. Accessed: 13 March 2019. 5L. Schenoni. “Subsystem Unipolarities? Power Distribution and State Behaviour in South America and South Africa”, Strategic Analysis 41(10), 2016, pp. 74-86. 1 According to T. Shano, Lesotho’s tourism was initially about its beautiful mountains.6 However, indicative of the growing demand to develop tourism, the late 20th century revealed another dimension with attention having been given to other forms of niche tourism like ecotourism, nature-based tourism, alternative tourism, small-scale tourism, sustainable tourism, community-based tourism and cultural tourism.7 Despite these pushes for the development of tourism, Lesotho’s tourism still appears to be performing below its potential, whereas South Africa on the other hand is booming in its tourism growth. This is validated by the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index Rankings which covers 136 economies world-wide. Lesotho currently ranks at 128, whereas the country that entirely surrounds it, namely, South Africa, is ranked at 53.8 Even though there have been studies on landlocked countries in Africa, Lesotho is the one country that scholars seem almost to have disregarded. This is surprising given the capital town Maseru is only a five-hour drive from the Johannesburg metropole.9 This goes to prove that this country is the “forgotten kingdom”. 1.1 Aims and Objectives of the Study Due to a gap in the literature and research, this study sets out to investigate how South Africa was and still is strangling Lesotho as a land-locked country in terms of its tourism growth. Hence, the Kingdom of Lesotho is the central focus of the study. South Africa is a popular tourist destination, yet even though Lesotho is surrounded by it on all sides, it does not get a lot of tourists despite the fact that it is not short of destinations to visit. Lesotho has the potential for tourism growth, but currently a large number of tourism opportunities are untapped in terms of both scenic attractions and heritage sites.10 The Kingdom of Lesotho has tried to expand its tourism offerings so as to expand its profile of only being known and seen as just the “mountain kingdom” – a feature which is linked to the country’s 6T.M.
Recommended publications
  • Bibliographie Generale

    Bibliographie Generale

    BIBLIOGRAPHIE 571 BIBLIOGRAPHIE GENERALE A ABBOTT M.A., DYER T.G. (1976) : The temporal variation of rainfall runoff water over the summer rainfall region of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 1976, vol 72, p. 276-278. ABU ZEID M. (1990) : Environmental Impacts of the High Aswan Dam : A case study. In THANH, N.C., BISWAS A.K. (éds.), Environmentally-sound Water Management. Delhi : Oxford University Press, 1990. p. 246-270. ACOCKS J.P.H. (1953) : The veld types of South Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr., n° 28. 192 p. ADAMSON G.D. (1922) : A journey by boat, from Prieska to Upington. SA irrigation Magazine, 1922, vol 1, n°5 p.230-234. AFRIDEV CONSULTANTS (1996) : Lesotho Highlands Water Project : Baseline biology survey and Reserve Development. Darling (Afrique du Sud) : Afridev Consultants, 04/95-07/96. (Final Report Contract n° 1008) AGNEW J.D. (1965) : A note on the (invertebrate) fauna of the lower Orange River. South African Journal of Science, 1965, vol. 61. p. 126-128. AGNEW J.D., HARRISON A.D. (1960a) : South African hydrobiological Regions : Exploratory survey to Region K. Pretoria : Council for Scientific and Industrial 1960. (National Institute for Water Research, Research report n° 3, PROJECT 6.8H). AGNEW J.D., HARRISON A.D. (1960b) : South African hydrobiological Regions : Exploratory survey to Region L. Pretoria : Council for Scientific and Industrial 1960. (National Institute for Water Research, Research report n° 4, PROJECT 6.8H). ALDEN C., KHALFA J. (éds.) (1995) : Afrique du Sud : le Cap de Bonne-espérance. Les Temps Modernes, 1995, n°585, Paris, 687p.
  • The Impact of European Union - South Africa Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement on Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland

    The Impact of European Union - South Africa Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement on Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 129-148, June 2010 ISSN-1843-763X THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION - SOUTH AFRICA TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT ON BOTSWANA, LESOTHO, NAMIBIA AND SWAZILAND Montseng TSOLO*, Imogen Bonolo MOGOTSI**, Gaotlhobogwe MOTLALENG*** Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the European Union-South Africa Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (EU-SA TDCA) on trade between the RSA and Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (BLNS). The results indicate that demand for imports are income elastic and price inelastic. This implies that imported goods are necessary and consumers and producers of the BLNS countries depend on them. The results also indicate that the agreement between the RSA and the EU brought about increased imports to the BLNS countries. Demand for exports is also income elastic and price inelastic. The volume of exports to the RSA, from the BLNS, seems to increase following the agreement. The empirical findings imply first, that imports could have led to a crowding out of domestic production, which would negatively impact on domestic industry. Second, the EU-SA TDCA has benefited the BLNS countries by boosting their exports. Keywords: EU-SA TDCA; Customs Union; SACU; Trade; BNLS; RSA. JEL Classification: F 10; 13; 15; 36 & 42 * Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Lesotho ** Senior Lecturer Head of Department, Economics, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 705, Gaborone, Botswana, email: [email protected] *** Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 705, Gaborone, Botswana, email: [email protected] 130 Montseng TSOLO , Imogen Bonolo MOGOTSI , Gaotlhobogwe MOTLALENG INTRODUCTION A free trade agreement (FTA) is a preferential arrangement among countries in which tariff rates among them are reduced to zero.
  • Sources of Economic Growth in the Southern African Development Community: Its Likely Impact on Povery and Employment

    Sources of Economic Growth in the Southern African Development Community: Its Likely Impact on Povery and Employment

    SOURCES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY: ITS LIKELY IMPACT ON POVERY AND EMPLOYMENT Monaheng Seleteng and Sephooko Motelle Central Bank of Lesotho Abstract As a means to combat poverty, many countries still pursue high and stable rates of economic growth. There are several sources of growth such as physical capital accumulation, human capital development and technological progress. In order to attain sustained economic growth, it is crucial that countries do not only accumulate a certain stock of factors of production, but demonstrate the ability to combine such factors in a manner that is efficient. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) continues to pursue high and stable economic growth as a way of fighting poverty and inequality. This study attempts to investigate the key sources of economic growth in the region using different panel data techniques and make inference on poverty and employment. The findings reveal that the factors affecting economic growth in the region are: inflation, government expenditures, openness to trade, human capital, level of financial development, and political stability. Furthermore, it can be inferred from the analysis that higher growth rate has a positive impact on employment and hence may lead to poverty reduction. Key words: Convergence, Economic Growth, Fixed Effects, Difference GMM, System GMM, Seemingly Unrelated Regressions, Inequality, Unemployment, Poverty JEL Classification: C33, E31, O43, O47, O55, J640. Corresponding author: Central Bank of Lesotho, P. O. Box 1184, Maseru 100, Lesotho; email: [email protected] 1 The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the members of the Committee of Central Bank Governors (CCBG) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
  • Retselisitsoe Cmap Thesis.Pdf (903.3Kb)

    Retselisitsoe Cmap Thesis.Pdf (903.3Kb)

    The Role of Food Price Inflation in Lesotho Retselisitsoe Isaiah Thamae A dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics and Statistics in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Master of Arts Degree in Economics (Collaborative Programme) UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS MARCH 2012 Table of Contents List of Tables v List of Figures vi List of Appendices vii Acknowledgements viii Declaration ix Abstract x List of Abbreviations xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 2 1.3 Research Questions 3 1.4 Research Objectives 3 1.5 Scope and Organization of the Study 3 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Theoretical Literature 5 2.2.1 Measures of Underlying Inflation 6 2.2.2 Properties and Uses of Core Inflation Measures 8 2.2.3 Criticisms of Core Inflation Measures 9 2.3 Empirical Literature 10 2.3.1 Developed Countries 10 2.3.2 Emerging Countries 12 2.3.3 Developing Countries 16 3. Inflation Trends in Lesotho 18 ii 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 Headline, Food and Nonfood Inflation 18 4. Methodology 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 Model Specification 23 4.2.1 Estimating Inflation Persistence 23 4.2.2 Measuring Core Inflation 25 4.2.3 Determining Second-Round Price Effects 27 4.3 Method of Analysis 28 4.4 Description of Data 28 4.5 Data and Methodological Limitations 29 5. Analysis of Results 30 5.1 Introduction 30 5.2 Inflation Persistence Estimates 30 5.3 Measures of Core Inflation 33 5.3.1 Headline Inflation Less Food and Energy (CoreFE) 33 5.3.2 Persistent Weighted Measure of Core Inflation (CorePW) 34 5.3.3 Persistent and CPI Weighted Measure of Core Inflation (CorePCW) 35 5.3.4 Evaluation of Core Inflation Measures 36 5.3.5 Impact of Food Price Movements on Core Inflation 38 5.4 Second-Round Price Effects 39 6.
  • Publications, Together with an Anal with Publications, Together Major Challenges in Restoring Health of Economy and Reform

    Publications, Together with an Anal with Publications, Together Major Challenges in Restoring Health of Economy and Reform

    SHORT TERM UPDATE 3-10 Quarterly Newsletter October 2010 Headlines Belgian Economy Special Topic in this issue 3/31 Federaal Planbureau The Europe 2020 strategy Kunstlaan 47-49 B-1000 Brussel België for Belgium Bureau fédéral du Plan Avenue des Arts 47-49 B-1000 Bruxelles Belgique Federal Tel.: +32 2 507.73.11 Fax: +32 2 507.73.73 Planning Bureau E-mail: [email protected] Economic analyses and forecasts http://www.plan.be Printed: Federal Public Service Economy, Responsible publisher: Henri Bogaert - Legal deposit: D/2010/743 S.M.E.s, Self-employed and Energy Quarterly Newsletter of the Federal Planning Bureau Short Term Update (STU) is the quarterly newsletter of the Belgian Federal Planning Bureau. It contains the main conclusions from the publications of the FPB, as well as information on new publications, together with an analysis of the most recent economic indicators. ............................................................................................................................... HEADLINES BELGIAN ECONOMY Since mid-2009, the world economy has been recovering from one of the worst post-war economic cri- ses. As of mid-2010, world economic growth should slow down as stimulus measures are gradually reduced or phased out and stock building becomes less of a support to economic growth. Moreover, western economies now face major challenges in restoring health to public finances. As a result, the international context remains surrounded by major uncertainties, with downside as well as upside risks. During the second half of 2009, the Belgian economy posted positive quarterly growth rates driven by recovering exports and an acceleration of private consumption growth. In 2010Q1, the economic re- covery was, however, interrupted due to a drop in construction activity owing to the cold weather.
  • University of Botswana Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Economics Determinants of Tax Revenue Mobilisation in Lesotho By

    University of Botswana Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Economics Determinants of Tax Revenue Mobilisation in Lesotho By

    UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF TAX REVENUE MOBILISATION IN LESOTHO BY: REFILOE JABARI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ECONOMICS JULY 2020 APPROVAL This dissertation has been examined and approved as meeting the requirements for the partial fulfillment of the Master of Arts degree in Economics. …………………………… ……………………………… Dr. Kagiso Mangadi Date (Supervisor) ………………………….... ……………………………….. HoD Economics Date ii DECLARATION This dissertation was undertaken from October 2019 to July 2020. It is my original work, and it has never been, in whole or in part, presented for the award of any degree at any other university. This excludes the acknowledged references. Author: Refiloe Jabari Signature: ……………………. Date: …………………………. iii DEDICATION This study is a dedication to my parents, Moshoeshoe Jabari and Makeisara Jabari. I would not have been where I am today without your support. You have been by my side throughout all my academic journey, and I am forever grateful. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am sincerely grateful to God Almighty for all His blessings and for giving me the courage and strength to see through this study. I would like to pass my heartfelt gratitude to the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) for sponsoring my master's degree programme and giving me the financial assistance to carry out this study. My thanks also go to my supervisors Dr. Kagiso Mangadi and Dr. Lexi Setlhare, who availed themselves of assistance and guidance throughout the period of this study. Again, I am thankful to the Staff of the Department of Economics and others that gave me comments and suggestions during the presentation of my proposal.
  • Brazil Country Handbook 1

    Brazil Country Handbook 1

    Brazil Country Handbook 1. This handbook provides basic reference information on Brazil, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and trans- portation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Brazil. 2. This product is published under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program (DoDIPP) with the Marine Corps Intel- ligence Activity designated as the community coordinator for the Country Hand- book Program. This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Community position on Brazil. 3. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, NATO member countries, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. 4. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for train- ing. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. CONTENTS KEY FACTS. 1 U.S. MISSION . 2 U.S. Embassy. 2 U.S. Consulates . 2 Travel Advisories. 7 Entry Requirements . 7 Passport/Visa Requirements . 7 Immunization Requirements. 7 Custom Restrictions . 7 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE . 8 Geography . 8 Land Statistics. 8 Boundaries . 8 Border Disputes . 10 Bodies of Water. 10 Topography . 16 Cross-Country Movement. 18 Climate. 19 Precipitation . 24 Environment . 24 Phenomena . 24 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION .
  • Agricultural Marketing in Lesotho

    Agricultural Marketing in Lesotho

    The International Development Research Centre is a public corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the needs of developing countries. The Centre's activity is concentrated in six sectors: agriculture, food and nutrition sciences; health sciences; information sciences; social sciences; earth and engineering sciences; and com­ munications. IDRC is financed solely by the Parliament of Canada; its policies, however, are set by an international Board of Governors. The Centre's headquarters are in Ottawa, Canada. Regional offices are located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Le Centre de recherches pour le développement international, société publique créée en 1970 par une loi du Parlement canadien, a pour mission d'appuyer des recherches visant à adapter la science et la technologie aux besoins des pays en développement; il concentre son activité dans six secteurs : agriculture, alimenta­ tion et nutrition; information; santé; sciences sociales; sciences de la terre et du génie et communications. Le CROI est financé entièrement par le Parlement cana­ dien, mais c'est un Conseil des gouverneurs international qui en détermine l'orien­ tation et les politiques. Établi à Ottawa (Canada), il a des bureaux régionaux en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique latine et au Moyen-Orient. El Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo es una corporaci6n publica creada en 1970 por el Parlamento de Canada con el objeto de apoyar la investigaci6n destinada a adaptar la ciencia y la tecnologia a las necesidades de los paises en desarrollo. Su actividad se concentra en seis sectores: ciencias agri­ colas, alimentos y nutrici6n; ciencias de la salud; ciencias de la informaci6n; ciencias sociales; ciencias de la tierra e ingenieria; y comunicaciones.
  • Findings from the Senegal River Basin, the Columbia River Basin, and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project

    Findings from the Senegal River Basin, the Columbia River Basin, and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project

    Report no. 46456 Africa Region Water Resources Unit Working Paper 1 Benefit Sharing in International Rivers: Public Disclosure Authorized Findings from the Senegal River Basin, the Columbia River Basin, and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project Public Disclosure Authorized November 12, 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized Final Version Winston H. YU The World Bank, Africa Region Sustainable Development Department Public Disclosure Authorized 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms Acknowledgments Executive Summary I. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 Literature Review........................................................................................................ 10 Methodology and Objective ...................................................................................... 11 II. Senegal River Basin ................................................................................................. 12 A. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 12 B. Project Objectives and Description..................................................................... 15 C. Quantifying Economic Benefits and Costs ........................................................ 17 D. Actual Benefits and Costs .................................................................................... 20 E. An Evolving Senegal River .................................................................................
  • Who Owns the Land in Lesotho'! Land Disputes and the Politics of Land I Ownership in Lesotho T

    Who Owns the Land in Lesotho'! Land Disputes and the Politics of Land I Ownership in Lesotho T

    Who Owns The Land in Lesotho'! Land Disputes and The Politics of Land I Ownership in Lesotho t, I, by i M. I'llaha"" Res.earch Report NQ. 29 \ ,) Institute (!f Somhcm African Studies Nathmal (fniver,\'Uy 0/Lesnlho P.O. Roma UW, Lesofho 1998 ...w ... __ " .... TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Intnxiuction t Methodology and Scope 2 I Towards an Assessment ofthe Value of Land among Basotho J The Traditional Land Tenure Arrangement 6 Land Legislation in Lesotho 9 Chiefly Land Disputes, Late 19th ~ Early 20th Centuries 11 Land Disputes: Commoners vs Chiefs, Chiefs vs Chiefs, 1940 - 1994 16 Consequences 20 Summary 24 Endnotes 26, References 36 f -._ .. "0\, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I. INTRODUCTION The author wishes to thank the Institute of Southern African I Studies (ISAS) for .ffording him the oppnrtunity and funding to + Basotho have often been described as an agricultural sodety.J undertake this study. Although this assertion was certainly true until the cnd of the 1920s • at the latest, more than 80%,1 of the population in Lesotho is rural Thls work was carried out with the aid of a grant from and oontinues to regard the land as its source of livelihood. Life such International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. as this dearly revolves around land to a more profound extent than say, in a society that is described as •industrial'. Although both AboUJ the Author need land for activities geared towards producing the necessities of bfe, the dependence on land is much greater in a socIety that is Dr. M, Thabane is a Senior lecturer, Department of HlstOry, described as agriculturaJ.
  • Rethinking Biological Invasion Jonah H

    Rethinking Biological Invasion Jonah H

    The White Horse Press Full citation: Johnson, Sarah, ed. Bioinvaders. Themes in Environmental History series. Cambridge: The White Horse Press, 2010. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2811. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2010. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. Bioinvaders Copyright © The White Horse Press 2010 First published 2010 by The White Horse Press, 10 High Street, Knapwell, Cambridge, CB23 4NR, UK Set in 10 point Times All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, in- cluding photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-874267-55-3 (PB) Contents Publisher’s Introduction Sarah Johnson iv Strangers in a Strange Land: The Problem of Exotic Species Mark Woods and Paul Veatch Moriarty 1 Nativism and Nature: Rethinking Biological Invasion Jonah H. Peretti 28 Exotic Species, Naturalisation, and Biological Nativism Ned Hettinger 37 Plant Transfers in Historical Perspective William Beinart and Karen Middleton 68 Weeds, People and Contested Places Neil Clayton 94 Re-writing the History of Australian Tropical Rainforests: ‘Alien Invasives’ or ‘Ancient Indigenes’? Rachel Sanderson 124 Prehistory of Southern African Forestry: From Vegetable Garden to Tree Plantation Kate B.
  • The Transnational Experience of Victoria Falls Today

    The Transnational Experience of Victoria Falls Today

    EPILOGUE REVISITING IMAGINATION: THE TrANSNATIONAL EXPErIENCE OF VICTOrIA FALLS TODAY Two of the most popular activities at Victoria Falls today are white-water rafting and bungee jumping. Both of these activities allow participants the unique experience of moving in and out of two different countries as their raft carries them closer to one bank or another and as the bungee cord swings from side to side in the middle of the bridge between the two countries’ border crossings. While many tourists revel in the knowl- edge that they are floating back and forth between two countries, they are unwittingly part of the larger history of transcolonial and transnational development and experience centered on Victoria Falls. This has been, and will continue to be a site of crossing; it belongs to no one defini- tively, yet is claimed by many. It is unsurprising that with its history in the early colonial period as a place of precolonial fluctuation and contested claims and as a marker of the end and the beginning of British expansion, © The Author(s) 2017 259 A.L. Arrington-Sirois, Victoria Falls and Colonial Imagination in British Southern Africa, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59693-2 260 EPiLOGUe Victoria Falls continues to be a fixed point in an ever-changing political, economic, and social landscape. The bungee cords swinging like a pendulum between Zambia and Zimbabwe serve as a reminder of the history of this site, when use of the Falls for cultural ceremonies and political sparring by local and not-so-local African populations and the colonial exploitation that followed kept this as an always contested and transforming feature of the landscape.