Anchored Cellulase from Poplar
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												  Detection of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Genes in a Spent Engine Oil-Perturbed Agricultural Soil Lateef Babatunde SalamSalam Bulletin of the National Research Centre (2018) 42:10 Bulletin of the National https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-018-0013-6 Research Centre RESEARCH Open Access Detection of carbohydrate-active enzymes and genes in a spent engine oil-perturbed agricultural soil Lateef Babatunde Salam Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to decipher the diverse carbohydrate metabolism pathways in a spent engine oil-perturbed agricultural soil, enunciate the carbohydrate-active enzymes and genes involved in the process, taxonomically classify the annotated enzymes and genes, and highlight the importance of the study for ecological and biotechnological processes. Results: Functional analysis of the metagenome of spent engine oil (SEO)-contaminated agricultural soil (AB1) using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) GhostKOALA, Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) of proteins, the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) database, and the NCBI’s conserved domain database (CDD) revealed extensive metabolism of carbohydrates via diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes and genes. Enzymes and genes annotated for glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, citric acid (TCA) cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and pyruvate metabolism, among others, were detected, and these were not detected in the original agricultural soil (1S). Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes, using the CAZy database, showed 45 CAZy families with preponderance of glycoside hydrolases (GHs, 46.7%), glycosyltransferases (GTs, 24.4%), and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs, 15.5%). Taxonomic classification of the annotated enzymes and genes for carbohydrate metabolism using the GhostKOALA and CAZy databases revealed the predominance of the phylum Proteobacteria with the representative genera Pseudomonas (18%), Sphingobium (13.5%), and Sphingomonas (4.5%), respectively.
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											Understanding and Manipulating Primary Cell Walls in Plant Cell Suspension CulturesUnderstanding and manipulating primary cell walls in plant cell suspension cultures Felicia Leijon Doctoral Thesis in Biotechnology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden 2019 © Felicia Leijon, Stockholm, 2019 TRITA-CBH-FOU-2019:2 ISBN 978-91-7873-074-2 KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden Printed by Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm 2019 Abstract The cell wall is required for many aspects of plant function and development. It is also an accessible and renewable resource utilized both in unrefined forms and as raw material for further development. Increased knowledge regarding cell wall structure and components will contribute to better utilization of plants and the resources they provide. In this thesis aspects of the primary cell wall of Populus trichocarpa and Nicotiana tabacum are explored. In Publication I a method for isolation and biochemical characterization of plant glycosyltransferases using a spectrophotometric or a radiometric assay was optimized. The radiometric assay was applied in Publication II where the proteome of the plasmodesmata isolated from P. trichocarpa was analyzed. Proteins identified belonged to functional classes such as “transport”, “signalling” and “stress responses”. Plasmodesmata-enriched fractions had high levels of callose synthase activity under ion depleted conditions as well as with calcium present. The second part of the thesis comprises the alteration of the cell wall of N. tabacum cells and A. thaliana plants through in vivo expression of a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) (Publication III). In tobacco this resulted in cell walls with loose ultrastructure containing an increased proportion of 1,4-β-glucans.
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												  (Cazymes) and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (Cbms) Involved in Plant Cell Wall DegradationUNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Structure and Function of Novel Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) and Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (CBMs) involved in Plant Cell Wall degradation Immacolata Venditto TESE DE DOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS ESPECIALIDADE DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E BIOMÉDICAS CONSTITUIÇÃO DO JURI ORIENTADOR PRESIDENTE DO JURI: Doutor Carlos Mendes Godinho de Andrade Fontes Reitor da Universidade de Lisboa CO-ORIENTADOR VOGAIS: Doutor Shabir Najmudin Doutor Pedro Maldonado Coutinho Doutor Marco Moracci Doutor Luís Manuel dos Anjos Ferreira Doutor José António Mestre Prates Doutor Carlos Mendes Godinho de Andrade Fontes Doutor Shabir Najmudin 2015 LISBOA ‘There is nothing more wonderful than being a scientist, nowhere I would rather be than in my lab, staining up my clothes and getting paid to play’ (Marie Skłodowska-Curie) Ai miei genitori che sono stati un costante sostegno A mio fratello Angelo per i suoi consigli A Federica Maria per il suo sorriso A Filipe per aver condiviso con me questa esperienza A te Signore che mi sei sempre accanto e mi dai la forza III This work was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007‐2013) under the WallTraC project (Grant Agreement number 263916). This thesis reflects the author’s views only. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Carlos Fontes for giving me the opportunity to do this PhD, for his guidance throughout my years of PhD. I want to thank Dr. Shabir Najmudin for the X-ray crystallography and I am grateful for his patience and support.
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												  Expansion of the Enzymatic Repertoire of the Cazy Database to IntegrateExpansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes Anthony Levasseur, Elodie Drula, Vincent Lombard, Pedro M Coutinho, Bernard Henrissat To cite this version: Anthony Levasseur, Elodie Drula, Vincent Lombard, Pedro M Coutinho, Bernard Henrissat. Expan- sion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes. Biotech- nology for Biofuels, BioMed Central, 2013, 6 (41), pp.1-14. 10.1186/1754-6834-6-41. hal-01268121 HAL Id: hal-01268121 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01268121 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Levasseur et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2013, 6:41 http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/41 RESEARCH Open Access Expansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes Anthony Levasseur1*, Elodie Drula2, Vincent Lombard2, Pedro M Coutinho2 and Bernard Henrissat2* Abstract Background: Since its inception, the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy; www.cazy.org) has described the families of enzymes that cleave or build complex carbohydrates, namely the glycoside hydrolases (GH), the polysaccharide lyases (PL), the carbohydrate esterases (CE), the glycosyltransferases (GT) and their appended non- catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM).
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												  Deletion of a Single Glycosyltransferase InRussell et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2018) 11:259 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1266-x Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Deletion of a single glycosyltransferase in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii eliminates protein glycosylation and growth on crystalline cellulose Jordan Russell1,2,7, Sun‑Ki Kim2,3,7, Justin Duma1,4, Harald Nothaft5, Michael E. Himmel6,7, Yannick J. Bomble6,7, Christine M. Szymanski1,4 and Janet Westpheling2,7* Abstract Protein glycosylation pathways have been identifed in a variety of bacteria and are best understood in pathogens and commensals in which the glycosylation targets are cell surface proteins, such as S layers, pili, and fagella. In contrast, very little is known about the glycosylation of bacterial enzymes, especially those secreted by cellulolytic bacteria. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii secretes several unique synergistic multifunctional biomass-degrading enzymes, notably cellulase A which is largely responsible for this organism’s ability to grow on lignocellulosic biomass without the conventional pretreatment. It was recently discovered that extracellular CelA is heavily glycosylated. In this work, we identifed an O-glycosyltransferase in the C. bescii chromosome and targeted it for deletion. The resulting mutant was unable to grow on crystalline cellulose and showed no detectable protein glycosylation. Multifunctional bio‑ mass-degrading enzymes in this strain were rapidly degraded. With the genetic tools available in C. bescii, this system represents a unique opportunity to study the role
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												  Type III Secretion Effectors with Arginine N-Glycosyltransferasemicroorganisms Review Type III Secretion Effectors with Arginine N-Glycosyltransferase Activity Juan Luis Araujo-Garrido, Joaquín Bernal-Bayard and Francisco Ramos-Morales * Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (J.L.A.-G.); [email protected] (J.B.-B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 February 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 2 March 2020 Abstract: Type III secretion systems are used by many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to inject proteins, known as effectors, into the cytosol of host cells. These virulence factors interfere with a diverse array of host signal transduction pathways and cellular processes. Many effectors have catalytic activities to promote post-translational modifications of host proteins. This review focuses on a family of effectors with glycosyltransferase activity that catalyze addition of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to specific arginine residues in target proteins, leading to reduced NF-κB pathway activation and impaired host cell death. This family includes NleB from Citrobacter rodentium, NleB1 and NleB2 from enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and SseK1, SseK2, and SseK3 from Salmonella enterica. First, we place these effectors in the general framework of the glycosyltransferase superfamily and in the particular context of the role of glycosylation in bacterial pathogenesis. Then, we provide detailed information about currently known members of this family, their role in virulence, and their targets. Keywords: glycosyltransferases; type III secretion; effectors; NleB; SseK; Citrobacter; Escherichia; Salmonella; death domains 1. Introduction Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are fundamental tools for the interaction between many pathogenic and symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria and their hosts.
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												  Comparative Analysis of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes in the Flammulina Velutipes Varmicroorganisms Article Comparative Analysis of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes in the Flammulina velutipes var. lupinicola Genome Hye-Won Yu 1, Ji-Hoon Im 2, Won-Sik Kong 2 and Young-Jin Park 1,* 1 Department of Medicinal Biosciences, Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Korea; [email protected] 2 Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 92, Bisan-ro, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea; [email protected] (J.-H.I.); [email protected] (W.-S.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-43-840-3601 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the genome sequence of Flammulina velu- tipes var. lupinicola based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and to identify the genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the genome. The optimal assembly (71 kmer) based on ABySS de novo assembly revealed a total length of 33,223,357 bp (49.53% GC content). A total of 15,337 gene structures were identified in the F. velutipes var. lupinicola genome using ab initio gene pre- diction method with Funannotate pipeline. Analysis of the orthologs revealed that 11,966 (96.6%) out of the 15,337 predicted genes belonged to the orthogroups and 170 genes were specific for F. velutipes var. lupinicola. CAZymes are divided into six classes: auxiliary activities (AAs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), glycoside hydrolases (GHs), and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). A total of 551 genes encoding CAZymes were identified in the F.