DOCSLIB.ORG

Transport-Of-Intensity-Based Phase Imaging to Quantify the Refractive Index Response of 3D Direct- Write Lithography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transport-Of-Intensity-Based Phase Imaging to Quantify the Refractive Index Response of 3D Direct- Write Lithography University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering Faculty Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering Contributions 1-22-2018 Transport-of-intensity-based phase imaging to quantify the refractive index response of 3D direct- write lithography. David J Glugla Madeline B Chosy Marvin D Alim Amy C Sullivan Robert R McLeod Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ecen_facpapers This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering at CU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering Faculty Contributions by an authorized administrator of CU Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vol. 26, No. 2 | 22 Jan 2018 | OPTICS EXPRESS 1851 Transport-of-intensity-based phase imaging to quantify the refractive index response of 3D direct-write lithography 1,* 2 3 DAVID J. GLUGLA, MADELINE B. CHOSY, MARVIN D. ALIM, AMY C. 1 1,3 SULLIVAN, AND ROBERT R. MCLEOD 1Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 2Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA 3Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA *[email protected] Abstract: Precise direct-write lithography of 3D waveguides or diffractive structures within the volume of a photosensitive material is hindered by the lack of metrology that can yield predictive models for the micron-scale refractive index profile in response to a range of exposure conditions. We apply the transport of intensity equation in conjunction with confocal reflection microscopy to capture the complete spatial frequency spectrum of isolated 10 μm-scale gradient-refractive index structures written by single-photon direct-write laser lithography. The model material, a high-performance two-component photopolymer, is found to be linear, integrating, and described by a single master dose response function. The sharp saturation of this function is used to demonstrate nearly binary, flat-topped waveguide profiles in response to a Gaussian focus. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology; (160.0160) Materials; (220.0220) Optical design and fabrication. References and links 1. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21(21), 1729–1731 (1996). 2. S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, “Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to three- dimensional integrated optics,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 77(1), 109–111 (2003). 3. A. C. Sullivan, M. W. Grabowski, and R. R. McLeod, “Three-dimensional direct-write lithography into photopolymer,” Appl. Opt. 46(3), 295–301 (2007). 4. B. L. Booth, “Low loss channel waveguides in polymers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 7(10), 1445–1453 (1989). 5. S. Bichler, S. Feldbacher, R. Woods, V. Satzinger, V. Schmidt, G. Jakopic, G. Langer, and W. Kern, “Functional flexible organic-inorganic hybrid polymer for two photon patterning of optical waveguides,” Opt. Mater. 34(5), 772–780 (2012). 6. R. Woods, S. Feldbacher, D. Zidar, G. Langer, V. Satzinger, V. Schmidt, N. Pucher, R. Liska, and W. Kern, “3D optical waveguides produced by two photon photopolymerisation of a flexible silanol terminated polysiloxane containing acrylate functional groups,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(3), 486 (2014). 7. C. Ye, K. T. Kamysiak, A. C. Sullivan, and R. R. McLeod, “Mode profile imaging and loss measurement for uniform and tapered single-mode 3D waveguides in diffusive photopolymer,” Opt. Express 20(6), 6575–6583 (2012). 8. T. D. Gerke and R. Piestun, “Aperiodic volume optics,” Nat. Photonics 4, 188 (2010). 9. R. R. McLeod, A. J. Daiber, M. E. McDonald, T. L. Robertson, T. Slagle, S. L. Sochava, and L. Hesselink, “Microholographic multilayer optical disk data storage,” Appl. Opt. 44(16), 3197–3207 (2005). 10. H. J. Eichler, P. Kuemmel, S. Orlic, and A. Wappelt, “High-density disk storage by multiplexed microholograms,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4(5), 840–848 (1998). 11. L. Vittadello, A. Zaltron, N. Argiolas, M. Bazzan, N. Rossetto, and R. Signorini, “Photorefractive direct laser writing,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 49(12), 125103 (2016). 12. T. Volk and M. Wöhlecke, “Problem of a Non-Erasable Photorefractive Hologram,” in Lithium Niobate: Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric Switching (Springer, 2008), pp. 103–137. 13. O. M. Efimov, L. B. Glebov, and V. I. Smirnov, “Diffractive optical elements in photosensitive inorganic glasses,” in A. J. Marker III and M. J. Davis, eds. (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2001), Vol. #308274 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.001851 Journal © 2018 Received 9 Oct 2017; revised 6 Jan 2018; accepted 9 Jan 2018; published 18 Jan 2018 Vol. 26, No. 2 | 22 Jan 2018 | OPTICS EXPRESS 1852 4452, pp. 39–47. 14. K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71(23), 3329–3331 (1997). 15. E. N. Glezer, M. Milosavljevic, L. Huang, R. J. Finlay, T.-H. Her, J. P. Callan, and E. Mazur, “Three- dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials,” Opt. Lett. 21(24), 2023–2025 (1996). 16. R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 219–225 (2008). 17. B. A. Kowalski and R. R. McLeod, “Design concepts for diffusive holographic photopolymers,” J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 54, 1021–1035 (2016). 18. R. Malallah, H. Li, D. Kelly, J. Healy, and J. Sheridan, “A review of hologram storage and self-written waveguides formation in photopolymer media,” Polymers (Basel) 9(8), 337 (2017). 19. A. Zanutta, E. Orselli, T. Fäcke, and A. Bianco, “Photopolymeric films with highly tunable refractive index modulation for high precision diffractive optics,” Opt. Mater. Express 6(1), 252 (2016). 20. R. Woods, S. Feldbacher, D. Zidar, G. Langer, V. Satzinger, V. Schmidt, N. Pucher, R. Liska, and W. Kern, “3D optical waveguides produced by two photon photopolymerisation of a flexible silanol terminated polysiloxane containing acrylate functional groups,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(3), 486 (2014). 21. S. Klein, A. Barsella, H. Leblond, H. Bulou, A. Fort, C. Andraud, G. Lemercier, J. C. Mulatier, and K. Dorkenoo, “One-step waveguide and optical circuit writing in photopolymerizable materials processed by two- photon absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(21), 211118 (2005). 22. B. A. Kowalski, A. C. Urness, M.-E. Baylor, M. C. Cole, W. L. Wilson, and R. R. McLeod, “Quantitative modeling of the reaction/diffusion kinetics of two-chemistry diffusive photopolymers,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(8), 1668 (2014). 23. J. Guo, M. R. Gleeson, and J. T. Sheridan, “A review of the optimisation of photopolymer materials for holographic data storage,” Phys. Res. Int. 2012, 1–16 (2012). 24. H. Arimoto, W. Watanabe, K. Masaki, and T. Fukuda, “Measurement of refractive index change induced by dark reaction of photopolymer with digital holographic quantitative phase microscopy,” Opt. Commun. 285(24), 4911–4917 (2012). 25. H. Li, Y. Qi, and J. T. Sheridan, “Three-dimensional extended nonlocal photopolymerization driven diffusion model Part I Absorption,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31(11), 2638 (2014). 26. H. Li, Y. Qi, and J. T. Sheridan, “Three-dimensional extended nonlocal photopolymerization driven diffusion model Part II Photopolymerization and model development,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31(11), 2648 (2014). 27. H. Kogelnik, “Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48(9), 2909–2947 (1969). 28. R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, “Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator,” Opt. Express 13(2), 612–620 (2005). 29. V. Apostolopoulos, L. Laversenne, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, R. P. Salathé, M. Pollnau, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, and P. Laporta, “Femtosecond-irradiation-induced refractive-index changes and channel waveguiding in bulk Ti3+:Sapphire,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(7), 1122–1124 (2004). 30. M. S. Dinleyici and C. Sümer, “Characterization and estimation of refractive index profile of laser-written photopolymer optical waveguides,” Opt. Commun. 284(21), 5067–5071 (2011). 31. A. C. Sullivan and R. R. McLeod, “Tomographic reconstruction of weak, replicated index structures embedded in a volume,” Opt. Express 15(21), 14202–14212 (2007). 32. H.-B. Sun, T. Tanaka, and S. Kawata, “Three-dimensional focal spots related to two-photon excitation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(20), 3673–3675 (2002). 33. T. Wilson, Y. Kawata, and S. Kawata, “Readout of three-dimensional optical memories,” Opt. Lett. 21(13), 1003–1005 (1996). 34. M. Young, “Optical fiber index profiles by the refracted-ray method (refracted near-field scanning),” Appl. Opt. 20(19), 3415–3422 (1981). 35. M. Mir, B. Bhaduri, R. Wang, R. Zhu, and G. Popescu, “Quantitative Phase Imaging,” in Progress in Optics (B. V. Elsevier, 2012), Vol. 57, pp. 133–217. 36. A. Jesacher, P. S. Salter, and M. J. Booth, “Refractive index profiling of direct laser written waveguides: tomographic phase imaging,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(9), 1223 (2013). 37. M. R. Teague, “Deterministic phase retrieval: a Green’s function solution,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73(11), 1434 (1983). 38. W. Heller, “Remarks on Refractive Index Mixture Rules,” J. Phys. Chem. 69(4), 1123–1129 (1965). 39. Covestro, “Bayfol HX200 Datasheet,” https://www.films.covestro.com/en/Products/Bayfol/ProductList/201603170508/Bayfol-HX200. 40. W. J. Gambogi, Jr., A. M. Weber, and T. J. Trout, “Advances and applications of DuPont holographic photopolymers,” in Holographic Imaging and Materials, T. H. Jeong, ed. (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1994), Vol. 2043, p. 2. 41. F.-K. Bruder, H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microfabrication in Foturan™ Photosensitive Glass Using Focused Ion Beam
    Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2007 Vol II WCE 2007, July 2 - 4, 2007, London, U.K. Microfabrication in Foturan™ Photosensitive Glass Using Focused Ion Beam C J Anthony, P T Docker , P D Prewett and K C Jiang processed using a three step process. A glass wafer is exposed Abstract— The fabrication of nano-dimensional features in the to ultra-violet light typically in the 250-350nm range through a TM photoetchable glass Foturan , using focused ion beam quartz-chromium patterned mask. The exposure of the wafer in technology has been characterized. To date, most the prescribed area causes a release of electrons from the Ce++ microfabrication in this material has used UV lithography and donor ion. These electrons then recombine with the Ag+ ions to UV lasers, with minimum feature size of around 10µm determined by the grain structure, though there has been some recent work form Ag atoms. The wafer is then placed in a furnace at 600 using high energy proton irradiation. Focused ion beam degrees centigrade where the exposed parts are crystallized technology offers two potential advantages: features are etched causing the atoms of silver to agglomerate into small fragments. directly without post bake or HF wet etch and features can be Further heat treatment leads to the formation of lithium generated with lateral and depth resolution on the nanoscale. metasilicate. The final stage of processing is to etch the wafer Initial test features were milled to a depth of 1.46μm, without using hydrofluoric acid. The exposed areas etch preferentially distortion due to charging, at a milling rate of 0.23μm3/nC, in agreement with our simulations.
    [Show full text]
  • 3-Dimensional Microstructural
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURAL FABRICATION OF FOTURANTM GLASS WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER IRRADIATION TEO HONG HAI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 3-DIMENSTIONAL MICROSTRUCTURAL FABRICATION OF FOTURANTM GLASS WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER IRRADIATION TEO HONG HAI (B. Eng. (Hons.), Nanyang Technological University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 Acknowledgement ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to my supervisor, Associate Professor Hong Minghui for his guidance during the entire period of my Masters studies. He has been encouraging particularly in trying times. His suggestions and advice were very much valued. I would also like to express my gratitude to all my fellow co-workers from the DSI-NUS Laser Microprocessing Lab for all the assistance rendered in one way or another. Particularly to Caihong, Tang Min and Zaichun for all their encouragement and assistance as well as to Huilin for her support in logistic and administrative issues. Special thanks to my fellow colleagues from Data Storage Institute (DSI), in particular, Doris, Kay Siang, Zhiqiang and Chin Seong for all their support. To my family members for their constant and unconditioned love and support throughout these times, without which, I will not be who I am today. i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser
    micromachines Review 3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser Agne˙ Butkute˙ 1,2* and Linas Jonušauskas 1,2* 1 Femtika Ltd., Sauletekio˙ Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania 2 Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio˙ Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (L.J.) Abstract: The rapid expansion of femtosecond (fs) laser technology brought previously unavailable capabilities to laser material processing. One of the areas which benefited the most due to these advances was the 3D processing of transparent dielectrics, namely glasses and crystals. This review is dedicated to overviewing the significant advances in the field. First, the underlying physical mechanism of material interaction with ultrashort pulses is discussed, highlighting how it can be exploited for volumetric, high-precision 3D processing. Next, three distinct transparent material modification types are introduced, fundamental differences between them are explained, possible applications are highlighted. It is shown that, due to the flexibility of fs pulse fabrication, an array of structures can be produced, starting with nanophotonic elements like integrated waveguides and photonic crystals, ending with a cm-scale microfluidic system with micro-precision integrated elements. Possible limitations to each processing regime as well as how these could be overcome are discussed. Further directions for the field development are highlighted, taking into account how it could synergize with other fs-laser-based manufacturing techniques. Citation: Butkute,˙ A.; Jonušauskas, L. Keywords: femtosecond laser; glass micromachining; 3D structuring 3D Manufacturing of Glass Microstructures Using Femtosecond Laser. Micromachines 2021, 12, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12050499 1. Introduction Glass and related transparent dielectrics play an important role in huge variety of Academic Editors: Rebeca Martínez applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Absorption and Scattering in Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass Induced by UV Exposure and Thermal Development J
    Absorption and scattering in photo-thermo-refractive glass induced by UV exposure and thermal development J. Lumeau, L. Glebova, L.B. Glebov To cite this version: J. Lumeau, L. Glebova, L.B. Glebov. Absorption and scattering in photo-thermo-refractive glass induced by UV exposure and thermal development. Optical Materials, Elsevier, 2014, 36, pp.621-627. hal-00947686 HAL Id: hal-00947686 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00947686 Submitted on 13 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Optical Materials Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: OM-D-13-00833R2 Title: Absorption and scattering in photo-thermo-refractive glass induced by UV exposure and thermal development Article Type: Original Research Keywords: Absorption; Scattering; Nano-particles; Photosensitive Glass Corresponding Author: Dr. Julien Lumeau, PhD Corresponding Author's Institution: CNRS First Author: Julien Lumeau, PhD Order of Authors: Julien Lumeau, PhD; Larissa Glebova; Leonid B Glebov Abstract: Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass is a multicomponent photosensitive silicate glass that, after successive UV-exposure and thermal treatment, exhibits a refractive index change that results from the precipitation of nano-crystalline NaF.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitization of Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass to Visable Radiation by Two-Step Illumination (CIP)
    University of Central Florida STARS UCF Patents Technology Transfer 2-5-2008 Sensitization of Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass to Visable Radiation by Two-Step Illumination (CIP) Leonid Glebov University of Central Florida Vladim Smirnov University of Central Florida Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/patents University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Patent is brought to you for free and open access by the Technology Transfer at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in UCF Patents by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Glebov, Leonid and Smirnov, Vladim, "Sensitization of Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass to Visable Radiation by Two-Step Illumination (CIP)" (2008). UCF Patents. 509. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/patents/509 I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111 US007326500B 1 c12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,326,500 Bl Glebov et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Feb.5,2008 (54) SENSITIZATION OF 3,675,990 A 7/1972 Kogelnik et al. ........... 350/311 PHOTO-THERMO-REFRACTIVE GLASS TO 4,017,318 A * 4/1977 Pierson et al. ................ 501/13 VISIBLE RADIATION BY TWO-STEP ILLUMINATION (75) Inventors: Leonid B. Glebov, Orlando, FL (US); (Continued) Vadim I. Smirnov, Orlando, FL (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: University of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc., Orlando, JP 03-081718 4/1991 FL (US) ( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 366 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Glass Structure- Photo-Induced Structural Modification
    Effect on Glass Structure- Photo-induced structural modification Kathleen Richardson and Laeticia Petit Clemson University [email protected] [email protected] Structure of Glass: Photo-induced structural modification 1 Outline Radiation and photo-structural effects What is photosensitivity Photosensitivity versus “damage” Absorption mechanisms Intrinsic and Extrinsic One photon (linear), two photon (2PA), Broadband Defect-based processes Expose only, expose heat treat Hydrogen-loading of SiO2 (Simmons-Potter and Stegeman..fiber papers) PTR, photo-chromic materials (Borelli, Glebov, other?) Nano-particle doped: surface plasmon effects Dose and Power Cumulative dose (Viens paper on 514nm written gratings in ChG) Jiyeon data – MHz versus KHz exposure Induced absorption, induced refractive index change Correlation to structure and mechanisms KCR work (Cedric), Frumar work [email protected] Glass Structure: Photo-induced structural modification 2 Outline continued Reversibility and Stability of photo-induced structure Permanent versus reversible with heat treatment Light induced nucleation and dissolution Engineering structural stability Writing in fresh films, ability to write in aged films (Zoubir work) Compositional effects : glass network, intermediates, modifiers Examples (historic) SiO2 : Griscom and Friebel :radiation damage Photo-enhanced etching behavior (Russian lithography refs) Corning – Photoform, Photochromic (Stookey) How do we create? Broadband exposure (UV lamp, laser – Heike review article
    [Show full text]
  • Femtosecond Laser Three-Dimensional Microstructuring Inside Photosensitive Glasses
    Femtosecond laser three-dimensional microstructuring inside photosensitive glasses B. Fisette and M. Meunier, Laser Processing Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Case Postale 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3A7, Canada ABSTRACT Femtosecond laser is used to form three-dimensional (3D) microstructures embedded in Foturan, a photosensitive glass. The microstructures are realized using a three steps process including infrared femtosecond exposure, heating process and etching in an ultrasonic solution of hydrofluoric acid in water. The experiments were carried out using a specially designed ultrafast laser micromachining station, which included a femtosecond laser (Spectra Physics, 170fs, 800nm, 1 mJ/pulse at repetition rate of 1kHz), systems for the delivery, high-precision focusing and spatial-temporal control of the laser beam, and a fully automated and programmed system for the precise target positioning over a prescribed 3D trajectory. Efficiency of the fabrication process is discussed in terms of the various laser and etching fabrication parameters. An example of the fabrication of a 3D microfluidic system for biomedical applications is presented. Keywords: Femtosecond laser, 3D microfabrication, photosensitive glass, microchannel. 1. INTRODUCTION Photosensitive glasses, which were developed at Corning Glass Works in 19471, have very interesting properties for of the fabrication of microsystems, such as a high Young’s Modulus, a low absorption coefficient in the visible wavelengths and a good chemical stability and biocompatibility. They are now used in many technological applications, including GEM-Type detectors2, hydrodynamic microelectrochemical reactor for voltammetric sensing of chemical species3, nanotube-based field emission flat panel display4, ultra-long glass tips for atomic force microscopy5 and nanosatellites6.
    [Show full text]
  • Picosecond Laser Processing of Photosensitive Glass for Generation of Biologically Relevant Microenvironments
    applied sciences Article Picosecond Laser Processing of Photosensitive Glass for Generation of Biologically Relevant Microenvironments Florin Jipa 1, Stefana Orobeti 1, Cristian Butnaru 1, Marian Zamfirescu 1, Emanuel Axente 1 , Felix Sima 1,2,* and Koji Sugioka 2,* 1 CETAL, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, RO-77125 Magurele, Romania; florin.jipa@inflpr.ro (F.J.); stefana.iosub@inflpr.ro (S.O.); cristian.butnaru@inflpr.ro (C.B.); marian.zamfirescu@inflpr.ro (M.Z.); emanuel.axente@inflpr.ro (E.A.) 2 RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan * Correspondence: felix.sima@inflpr.ro (F.S.); [email protected] (K.S.); Tel.: +40-21-457-4550 (F.S.) Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 12 December 2020; Published: 15 December 2020 Abstract: Various material processing techniques have been proposed for fabrication of smart surfaces that can modulate cellular behavior and address specific clinical issues. Among them, laser-based technologies have attracted growing interest due to processing versatility. Latest development of ultrashort pulse lasers with pulse widths from several tens of femtoseconds (fs) to several picoseconds (ps) allows clean microfabrication of a variety of materials at micro- and nanoscale both at surface and in volume. In this study, we addressed the possibility of 3D microfabrication of photosensitive glass (PG) by high repetition rate ps laser-assisted etching (PLAE) to improve the fabrication efficiency for the development of useful tools to be used for specific biological applications. Microfluidic structures fabricated by PLAE should provide the flow aspects, 3D characteristics, and possibility of producing functional structures to achieve the biologically relevant microenvironments.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Low Temperature Glass Ceramic from Local Raw Materials
    DEVELOPMENT OF LOW TEMPERATURE GLASS CERAMIC FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS By ALI EDWIN ADOYI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (GLASS TECHNOLOGY) DEPARTMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA NIGERIA. DECEMBER, 2008 DECLARATION I declare that the work in the dissertation titled ‘Development of Low Temperature Glass Ceramic from Local Raw Materials’ has been performed by me in the Department of Industrial Design under the supervision of Dr. A. S. Ahmed, Prof. A. M. Ahuwan and Dr. G. Ndukwe. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of the dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at any university. Ali, Edwin Adoyi December 14, 2008 _____________________ ___________________ ____________________ Name of Student Signature Date CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled ‘DEVELOPMENT OF LOW TEMPERATURE GLASS CERAMIC FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS’ by Ali, Edwin Adoyi meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. 2 _____________________________________ Date________________________ Dr. A. S. Ahmed Chairman, Supervisory Committee _____________________________________ Date ________________________ Prof. A. M. Ahuwan Member, Supervisory Committee _____________________________________ Date ________________________ Dr. G. Ndukwe Member, Supervisory Committee _____________________________________ Date ________________________ Prof. S. Nkom Dean, Postgraduate School ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost my immeasurable gratitude goes to God almighty for seeing me through this project. My thanks go to my able supervisors beginning with the chairman of the supervisory team, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Photosensitive Materials: Optical Properties and Applications Julien Lumeau
    Photosensitive Materials: Optical properties and applications Julien Lumeau To cite this version: Julien Lumeau. Photosensitive Materials: Optical properties and applications. Optics / Pho- tonic. Aix Marseille Universit´e,2012. <tel-01274421> HAL Id: tel-01274421 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01274421 Submitted on 15 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Aix-Marseille Université Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint Jérôme HABILITATION A DIRIGER DES RECHERCHES Photosensitive Materials: Optical properties and applications Julien Lumeau Soutenance le 16 Mars 2012 Discipline : Electronique, Optronique et Systèmes Ecole Doctorale : Physique et Sciences de la Matière JURY : RAPPORTEURS : M. Alain BARTHELEMY M. Marc DOUAY Mme Isabelle SAGNES EXAMINATEURS : M. Stefan ENOCH M. Ludovic ESCOUBAS M. Michel LEQUIME 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all I would like to thank Mr. Stefan Enoch, Mr. Ludovic Escoubas and Mr. Michel Lequime for accepting to be committee members of this habilitation, and Mr. Alain Barthelemy, Mr. Marc Douay and Mrs. Isabelle Sagnes for accepting to be the reviewers. Then I would like to thank Mr. Stefan Enoch and Mr. Hugues Giovannini for accepting to host my HDR defense at the Institut Fresnel.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Glass Ceramics Using Kaolin Processing Waste, Sodalime and Borosilicate Glass Wastes
    DEVELOPMENT OF GLASS CERAMICS USING KAOLIN PROCESSING WASTE, SODALIME AND BOROSILICATE GLASS WASTES BY Hauwa Isa DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA OCTOBER, 2016 TITLE PAGE DEVELOPMENT OF GLASS CERAMICS USING KAOLIN PROCESSING WASTE, SODALIME AND BOROSILICATE GLASS WASTES BY Hauwa ISA. Bsc.1990, M.A. 2001 Ph.D/ ENV.DES/720/2010-2011 P15EVID9003 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADUBELLOUNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN GLASS TECHNOLOGY. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN, FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, AHMADU BELLO UNIVEWRSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis entitled.,‗Development of Glass Ceramics Using Kaolin Processing Waste, Soda Lime and Borosilicate Glass Wastes‘has been carried out by me in the Department of Industrial Design,Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, under the supervision of Dr.E.A Ali, Dr. A.D Garkida and Professor S.P.Ejeh. The information derived from literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and the list of references provided.No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or Diploma at any University. Hauwa Isa _______________ _____________ Name of Student Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This thesisentitled DEVELOPMENT OF GLASS CERAMICS USING KAOLIN PROCESSING WASTE SODALIME AND BOROSILICATE GLASS WASTESby Hauwa ISA meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ……………………… ……………… Dr. E.A Ali Date Chairman Supervisory Committee Department of Industrial Design Faculty of Environment Design Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ……………………… ……………… Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Photo-Thermal Mechanism and Crystallization of Photo-Thermo-Refractive (PTR) Glass Julien Lumeau, Edgar Dutra Zanotto
    A review of the photo-thermal mechanism and crystallization of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass Julien Lumeau, Edgar Dutra Zanotto To cite this version: Julien Lumeau, Edgar Dutra Zanotto. A review of the photo-thermal mechanism and crystallization of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. International Materials Reviews, ASM International, 2017, 62 (6), pp.348 - 366. 10.1080/09506608.2016.1264132. hal-01528362 HAL Id: hal-01528362 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528362 Submitted on 13 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A review of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass (Suggested by the editors of IMR) or A review of the photo-thermal mechanism and crystallization of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass (preferred by the authors) Julien Lumeau1 and Edgar Dutra Zanotto2 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France 2Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass is an optically transparent photosensitive sodium aluminosilicate glass containing sodium fluoride and potassium bromide along with 100-1000 ppm of silver plus cerium, tin and antimony oxides.
    [Show full text]