Hall Farm, Gainsborough Road, Everton, Nottinghamshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT:

HALL FARM, GAINSBOROUGH ROAD, EVERTON, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Planning Reference: Pre-application NGR: SK 6930 9088 AAL Site Code: EVHF 18

Report prepared for Grace Machin Planning and Property

By Allen Archaeology Limited Report Number AAL2018153

October 2018

Contents

Executive Summary ...... 1 1.0 Introduction ...... 2 2.0 Site Location and Description ...... 2 3.0 Planning Background ...... 2 National Planning Policy ...... 2 Local Planning Policy ...... 3 4.0 Methodology ...... 4 Data Collection ...... 4 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 5 6.0 Site Visit...... 7 7.0 Assessment of Significance and Impact ...... 12 8.0 Discussion and Conclusions ...... 15 9.0 Acknowledgements ...... 16 10.0 References ...... 16 Cartographic Sources ...... 16

List of Plates

Plate 1: Large, partially opened faced building on site, looking southwest ...... 7 Plate 2: Breeze block building on site, looking north ...... 8 Plate 3: Open yard on the site between the buildings, looking northeast ...... 8 Plate 4: Open yard to the immediate north of the site, looking southwest ...... 9 Plate 5: Cluster of residential buildings to the north of the site, looking northeast ...... 9 Plate 6: Hall Farm House Grade II Listed Building viewed from the site, looking north ...... 10 Plate 7: View towards the site looking from Hall House Farm Grade II Listed Building, looking south 10 Plate 8: Agricultural fields to the north of the site, looking south ...... 11 Plate 9: Access to the site off Gainsborough Road, looking southwest ...... 11 Plate 10: Gainsborough Road streetscape viewed from the site boundary, looking northwest...... 12

List of Appendices

Appendix 1: List of NCCHER Entries within a 1km search area ...... 18 Appendix 2: Figures ...... 21

List of Figures

Figure 1: Site location outlined in red ...... 21 Figure 2: Site visit photographs with site outlined in red ...... 22 Figure 3: Extract of Nottinghamshire County Council HER entries with site outlined in red ...... 23 Figure 4: Extract of 1m resolution LiDAR Hillshade with site outlined in red ...... 24 Figure 5: Extract of 1760 estate map with approximate site location outlined in red ...... 25 Figure 6: Extract of 1760 enclosure map with approximate site location outlined in red ...... 26 Figure 7: Extract of 1848 Tithe map with site outlined in red ...... 27 Figure 8: Extract of 1886 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 28 Figure 9: Extract of 1899 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 29 Figure 10: Extract of 1921 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 30

Document Control

Element: Name: Date: Report prepared by: Harvey Tesseyman BA (Hons) PCIfA 09/10/2018 Illustrations prepared by: Harvey Tesseyman BA (Hons) PCIfA 09/10/2018 Report edited by: Matt Parker Wooding MPhil MCIfA 22/10/2018 Report reviewed by: Chris Clay BA MA (Hons) 22/10/2018 Version no: V1.0 24/10/2018

Cover image: General view of the site, looking northeast

Executive Summary

• Allen Archaeology Limited was commissioned by Grace Machin Planning and Property to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the archaeological potential of Hall Farm, Gainsborough Road, Everton, Nottinghamshire, in advance of the submission of a planning application for residential development.

• Data was gathered from a range of primary and secondary sources, including a search of the Nottinghamshire County Council Historic Environment Record (NCCHER), the Nottinghamshire Archives, appropriate published sources, and a site visit.

• Prehistoric activity within the search area is entirely absent, with only scattered finds recorded in the parish. As such, the potential for encountering prehistoric remains within the site is considered negligible.

• Roman activity within the search area relates to the proposed route of the Roman road running along the northern border of the site to the fort at Scaftworth. However, the lack of recorded Roman material within the search area suggests that the potential for encountering such remains on the site is considered negligible.

• Early medieval remains are entirely absent from the search area, despite the Domesday Survey and etymological evidence indicating settlement prior to 1066. The lack of archaeological remains suggests there is a negligible potential for early medieval remains to be encountered within the site.

• Medieval evidence is restricted to a single arrowhead, and the parish church. It is likely that settlement was focussed around the parish church to the northwest of the site, suggesting a negligible archaeological potential for this period.

• Post-medieval activity is represented by a number of 18th and 19th century farmsteads and houses, mostly in the core of the village to the northwest of the site, as well as a mill to the south. The site, and a group of recently converted farm buildings immediately to the north were likely to have historically been associated with the Grade II Listed Hall Farm, to the north of the site. There is however no evidence for activity of this date, suggesting a negligible archaeological potential.

• The site is currently occupied by a number of modern breeze block and steel farm buildings. The existing buildings are of no heritage significance and their removal could contribute to the setting of the Conservation Area. The adjacent converted farm buildings, the Grade II Hall Farm and Everton Conservation Area are of heritage significance and design measures should be implemented to ensure that any development enhances the setting of these historic assets.

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Allen Archaeology Limited was commissioned by Grace Machin Planning and Property to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the archaeological potential of Hall Farm, Gainsborough Road, Everton, Nottinghamshire, in advance of the submission of a planning application for residential development.

1.2 The document has been completed with reference to current national guidelines, as set out in the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ‘Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment’ (CIfA 2014), and the Historic England documents ‘Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment’ (Historic England 2015a) and ‘Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning’ (Historic England 2015b).

2.0 Site Location and Description

2.1 The proposed development site is located at Hall Farm, Everton, within the administrative district of Bassetlaw District Council. It is situated 16km southeast of Doncaster and 12km west of Gainsborough. The site is approximately 0.6 hectares and presently occupied by two modern agricultural Dutch barns, an associated yard and grassed area. The site is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) SK 6930 9088 and is c.14m above Ordnance Datum (aOD).

2.2 The bedrock geology comprises Chester formation sandstone, a sedimentary bedrock formed in the Triassic period in a local environment dominated by rivers, with no superficial deposits recorded (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). Both alluvium and River Terrace deposits have been recorded within the wider area, leading to the possibility that one of these could form the superficial geology of the site.

3.0 Planning Background

3.1 This desk-based assessment has been prepared to inform a planning application that will be submitted in due course for residential development. This is the first stage of archaeological investigation, intended to provide detailed information that will allow the planning authority to make an informed decision as to whether further archaeological investigations will be required prior to or following the determination of a planning application for the proposed development.

National Planning Policy 3.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published on the 24th July 2018 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 2018).

3.2 The relevant sections of the NPPF (Department for Communities and Local Government 2018) concerning archaeological and cultural heritage assets, are Paragraphs 187 and 189 of ‘Section 16. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’. Paragraph 189 has special relevance concerning the responsibilities of planning applicant:

‘In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been

consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation’.

Local Planning Policy 3.3 The relevant policy of the Bassetlaw District Local Development Framework Core Strategy and Development Management Polices DPD is policy DM8, The Historic Environment (Bassetlaw District Council 2011: 62–63)

‘POLICY DM8: THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT Support will be given to development proposals or regeneration schemes (particularly in central Worksop, Retford and Tuxford) that protect and enhance the historic environment and secure its long-term future, especially the District's Heritage at Risk. Support will also be given to proposals from the Welbeck Estate for the re-use of heritage assets, where these will result in the enhancement of the assets. Such proposals must recognise the significance of heritage assets as a central part of the development. They will be expected to be in line with characterisation studies, village appraisals, conservation area appraisals (including any site specific development briefs that may be found within them), archaeological reports and other relevant studies. A. Definition of Heritage Assets Designated heritage assets in Bassetlaw include: i. Listed Buildings (including attached and curtilage structures); ii. Conservation Areas; iii. Scheduled Monuments; and iv. Registered Parks and Gardens. Non-Designated assets in Bassetlaw include: v. Buildings of Local Interest; vi. Areas of archaeological interest; vii. Unregistered Parks and Gardens; and viii. Buildings, monuments, places, areas or landscapes positively identified as having significance in terms of the historic environment. B. Development Affecting Heritage Assets There will be a presumption against development, alteration, advertising or demolition that will be detrimental to the significance of a heritage asset. Proposed development affecting heritage assets, including alterations and extensions that are of an inappropriate scale, design or material, or which lead to the loss of important spaces, including infilling, will not be supported. The setting of an asset is an important aspect of its special architectural or historic interest and proposals that fail to preserve or enhance the setting of a heritage asset will not be supported. Where appropriate, regard shall be given to any approved characterisation study or appraisal of the heritage asset. Development proposals within the setting of heritage assets will be expected to consider: i. Scale; ii. Design; iii. Materials;

iv. Siting; and v. Views away from and towards the heritage asset. C. Change of Use Affecting Heritage Assets The change of use of heritage assets, including Listed Buildings and buildings in Conservation Areas, will only be permitted where the proposed use is considered to be the optimum viable use that is compatible with the fabric, interior and setting of the building. Evidence supporting this will be submitted with proposals. New uses that adversely affect the fabric, character, appearance or setting of such assets will not be permitted. D. Shopfronts Proposals for replacement shopfronts, or alterations to shopfronts, affecting heritage assets will be expected to ensure that traditional shopfronts are retained wherever possible irrespective of the use of the property. New shopfronts will be expected to utilise traditional materials such as timber and be designed to respect the special interest of the building and its setting.

4.0 Methodology

Data Collection 4.1 A full range of primary and secondary archaeological and historical sources were consulted in the preparation of this document. The sources consulted were as follows:

• Nottinghamshire County Council Historic Environment Record – a database of archaeological sites and artefacts, listed buildings and Scheduled Monuments. A search of this resource was undertaken for a study area extending 1km from the centre of the site.

• Nottinghamshire Archives – holds a range of historic maps, for example enclosure maps, Tithe maps, estate plans, and former editions of Ordnance Survey maps of the development area.

• Allen Archaeology’s own reference library – secondary sources pertaining to the archaeology and history of the region.

• A site visit was carried out on Tuesday 2nd October 2018 in order to assess the present situation of the development area, to identify any areas where the potential archaeological resource may be particularly well preserved or damaged by recent development, and to observe the site in its landscape context.

4.2 Each archaeological and historic site and Listed Building identified in the study area has been allocated a one or two digit ‘Site’ number and assigned to a specific period according to the definitions outlined on the English Heritage Periods List (formerly the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) Archaeological Periods List). These sites are described in the Archaeological and Historical Background section (See Section 5.0 below). Further details are provided for each site in Appendix 1, and where applicable the sites are depicted on Figure 3.

5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background

5.1 No archaeological remains dating to the prehistoric, Roman, or early medieval periods have previously been recorded within the search area.

5.2 Prehistoric activity in the wider area is believed to have been influenced strongly by the landscape, with prehistoric populations living in clearings in wooded areas, on higher ground away from the marsh and fenland, which may partially account for the dearth of prehistoric archaeology within the search area (Bassetlaw Council 2013: 14). The area north of the settlement would have been fen and carr during the prehistoric period, and remained as such until the drainage works by the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden in the 1620s (Ibid: 16).

5.3 Roman activity within the wider area relates to the proposed route of a Roman road (Site 1) between Littleborough and Doncaster, leading to the legionary fort at Scaftworth, indicating that a Roman road may run through the search area, broadly along the modern route of the A631/Gainsborough Road (Bassetlaw Council 2013: 39, 61). A small number of finds of Roman date have been found within the wider Everton parish, but none within the search area.

5.4 While no early medieval activity has been recorded within the search area, the place name Everton likely derives from the Saxon for ‘settlement/farmstead of Eofer’, a personal name, with 10th century documentary sources detailing land including the manor of Everton being given to Oscytel, the Archbishop of York (Bassetlaw Council 2013: 22). An alternative origin for the place-name is that it derives from ‘farmstead where wild boars are seen’ (Mills 1991). Both indicate some form of settlement here during the early medieval period.

5.5 The Domesday Book of 1086 describes Everton (Evreton) as a settlement including 38 freemen, and 18 villagers, within which 20 smallholders had a total of 25 ploughs, with meadows and woodland also represented (Williams and Martin 2002).

5.6 Evidence for medieval or post-medieval ploughlands is visible in at least three small areas of extant ridge and furrow ploughing visible in LiDAR data (Figure 4), the nearest of which is located 465m east of the site, suggesting historical continuity of the agricultural landscape.

5.7 Medieval activity recorded in the HER includes the Grade II* Listed Church of the Holy Trinity (Site 2), c.475m northeast of the site, which has surviving elements dating from the 11th to the 16th centuries, along with Victorian additions and alterations. In addition, a medieval tanged arrowhead was found at Dolphin Farm c.270m west-northwest of the site during soil riddling (Site 3).

5.8 The post-medieval period dominates the HER data, and comprises a mix of houses and farmsteads, mostly in the village core to the northwest of the site. They include seven 18th century farms and farmhouses (Sites 4–13), with a 19th century example also noted (Site 14). Of these, five are Grade II Listed (Sites 10–14), including Hall Farm (Site 10) which is located immediately opposite the site on the northern side of Gainsborough Road. There are also historic farm buildings included within the HER located immediately adjacent to the site (Site 5), which have been converted into residential dwellings.

5.9 The search area also contains 29 post-medieval dwellings (Sites 15–43), of which 10 are Grade II Listed (Sites 28, 30, 33–34, 38–43). The extent of post-medieval housing shows the

growth of residential dwellings away from the settlement nucleus along the arterial routes into the settlement.

5.10 Industrial activity is represented by an old Malthouse (Site 44), and a mill to the south of the site that dates to c.1820–1830, and is Grade II Listed, and is shown on the 1760 estate map (Figure 5) (Site 45). The brick and tile yard on Gainsborough Road, beyond the eastern boundary of the search area, is considered to have been a defining factor in the built form of the village, with the local clay giving a distinct colour to many of the extant historic buildings (Bassetlaw Council 2013: 30).

5.11 The Enclosure of common land in Everton occurred in 1760, with two maps from that year 1760 illustrating the nature and extent of the changes (Figure 5 and Figure 6). The 1760 estate map (Figure 5) shows the site with a number of buildings surrounded by green plots which correspond with areas of ‘Old Inclosure’ in the Enclosure map (Figure 6). The 1760 plans also provide field names for several large fields in proximity to the site, Stone Gate Field, Broom Hill Field, Mill Fields, and Little Clay Field giving an indication as to land use in the area, with the mill shown on the maps to the southwest of the site and Clay Pit Lane to the west. The buildings shown on this 1760 map may correspond with one of the extant buildings today which fronts onto Gainsborough Road and has been converted into residential use.

5.12 The site borders a plot named Havers Close as recorded in the key of the 1760 estate map, with ‘Haver’ possibly deriving from the Germanic word meaning oats. This would be the more logical interpretation as during the 1850s, oats were one of the dominant crops along with wheat and barley (Bassetlaw Council 2013: 25).

5.13 The remaining post-medieval entries in the HER include a public house (site 47), a Grade II Listed cemetery (Site 48), and a monumental tomb (Site 49) within that cemetery which is also Grade II Listed.

5.14 The 1760 enclosure map shows less detail, but labels the area the site occupies as ‘Old Inclosure’, suggesting a pre-Parliamentary enclosure period, potentially driven by a lord of the manor.

5.15 The Tithe map of Everton for 1848 (Figure 7) shows the site occupying parts of plot 40 and the whole of plots 41 and 42, with plot 43 to the immediate east. Broadly the layout of the field plots appears unchanged from 1760 and 1848, with the notable exception of the absence of the curved boundary which is featured on the 1760 Enclosure map and the later 1886 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 8), but not the 1848 Tithe map.

Table 1: Tithe apportionment entries

Plot no. Landowner Occupier Name/description State of cultivation 40 Magnus George Over Close Arable & grass Trustees Harrison 41 Magnus Thomas House & Yard - Trustees Stevenson 42 Magnus Henry Codd Buildings & Stackyard - Trustees 5.16 The Tithe apportionment (above) suggests the site was primarily used for agriculture, with some residential buildings and ancillary farm buildings to the immediate north, with the

surrounding areas comprising a mixture of fields and farms and residential dwellings closer to the historic core of Everton.

5.17 The 1886 Ordnance Survey (OS) map indicates little change within the area although a large pond is now depicted. This may have been present previously but not shown on the historic mapping. Little change is evident on the 1899 (Figure 9) or 1921 (Figure 10) OS maps, suggesting the site saw little activity. There was little change within the wider area, with some limited removal and development within existing farms.

5.18 Modern activity within the search area includes a public house (Site 50), a Grade II Listed telephone kiosk (Site 51) and a pumping station (Site 52).

5.19 Some of the agricultural buildings depicted on the 18th and 19th century mapping appear to have been removed at some stage post-1921, with the remainder converted into residential dwellings. Further Dutch barns have been added at some stage during the mid to later 20th century.

6.0 Site Visit

6.1 The site was visited by the author on Tuesday 2nd October 2018. Selected photographic images taken during the site visit are reproduced below and their locations indicated on Figure 2.

6.2 The site is occupied by two modern farm buildings constructed of a mixture of concrete, breeze blocks, and corrugated iron. One of the buildings is partially open-sided, with the open section used currently used for crop storage and the remainder used for storage of machines (Plate 1). The other building was inaccessible at the time of visit (Plate 2).

Plate 1: Large, partially open sided building, looking southwest

Plate 2: Breeze block and corrugated steel building on site, looking north

6.3 The two buildings are arranged around a yard area (Plate 3), with an additional yard to the north (Plate 4). There is also an overgrown grassy area in the south of the site.

Plate 3: Yard area between the two buildings, looking northeast

Plate 4: Yard to the immediate north of the site, looking southwest

6.4 The site is bordered to the immediate north by a cluster of residential buildings (Plate 5), converted from former farm buildings, with Gainsborough Road to their north. The modern agricultural buildings on the site are mostly, but not entirely, screened from view of the Grade II Listed Hall Farm House (Plate 6, Plate 7), although some intervisibility is possible between the extant structures.

Plate 5: Cluster of residential buildings to the north of the site, looking northeast

Plate 6: Hall Farm House Grade II Listed Building viewed from the site, looking north

Plate 7: View towards the site from Hall House Farm Grade II Listed Building, looking south

6.5 The site is bordered to the west and south by agricultural fields (Plate 8) and further residential buildings to the east (Plate 9).

Plate 8: Agricultural fields to the north of the site, looking south

6.6 The site is accessible by vehicle or by foot from Gainsborough Road, leading into the northeast corner of the site (Plate 9).

Plate 9: Access to the site off Gainsborough Road, looking southwest

6.7 The streetscape of Gainsborough Road is fairly consistent, with predominantly agricultural and historic dwellings located close to the roadside. The village itself is broadly uniform in appearance, with many of the buildings fronting directly onto Gainsborough Road and some of these with the gable-end facing the road (Plate 10).

Plate 10: Gainsborough Road streetscape viewed from the site boundary, looking northwest

7.0 Assessment of Significance and Impact

7.1 The proposed development at the site off Gainsborough Road consists of the following activities:

• The removal of the two existing Dutch Barns within the site

• Construction of five detached residential dwellings with accompanying separate garages

• Construction of access roads and utilities

• Landscaping to create green space and gardens

7.2 The Conservation Area Appraisal for Everton (BDC 2013) has divided the Conservation Area into two distinct zones, the northern Church of Holy Trinity and the southern Gainsborough Road areas, with the site located within the southern Gainsborough Road area. The Conservation Area Appraisal has identified the following summary of special characteristics for the Gainsborough Road area:

• The historic layout and plan form of the character area is predominantly defined by rectilinear buildings that either front onto or are gable end facing the street, often directly onto or close to the highway;

• Older buildings within former toft/croft plots often possess service wings and outbuildings that run perpendicular;

• The layout of plots contributes positively to the historic plan form of the character area. Gainsborough Road, for example, is characterised by clusters of historic buildings between open spaces/fields;

• Along with its listed buildings, the character area contains numerous unlisted buildings that contribute positively to the special interest of the conservation area. These are regarded as heritage assets and are identified on map 28 in the Conservation Area Appraisal;

• Historic buildings are predominantly rectangular plan forms. Narrow gables and steep roof pitches (over 350) are typical and rooflines to houses are characterised by brick chimneys;

• Cottages and houses are generally two storeys;

• Facing materials considered to best reflect the historic and architectural interest of the character area are:

 Red brick  Natural clay pantiles (non-interlocking)  Painted timber joinery (including windows and doors)  Cast iron rain water goods

• Good examples of the historic architectural features that contribute to the special interest of the character area:

 Brick arch window and door headers  Flemish and English brick bond patterns (and variations of these)  Brick string courses (at first floor level)  Dentil detailing at the eaves  Tumbling-in on gable ends  Painted timber sash and casement windows  Panelled/plank timber doors  Chimney stacks with oversailing courses  Half round gutters on rise and fall brackets or timber box gutters on corbels

• The Bawtry/Gainsborough Road and High Street is an important setting for historic buildings within the character area;

• The character area contains a variety of landscape and boundary features, green verges, fields/open spaces and trees;

• A number of buildings/structures have group value. Davenport House, Corner Farm, The Sun Inn and the Old Post Office form a group. Metcalfe House, the cottage row on the east side of High Street between Northgate House and Rose Villa and the K6 telephone kiosk also form a notable group;

• There are a number of important views within and outside of the character area, notably in and around the High Street junction with the A631. Davenport House is a focal building.

7.3 The Conservation Area Appraisal and its assessment are a material consideration within the planning system and consequently any development within Everton should be in accordance with the findings made therein.

7.4 The Conservation Area is considered to be of regional significance, with aesthetic, historic, evidential and communal value. The specific characteristics identified as contributing to the significance of the Conservation Area are listed above.

7.5 Hall Farm, a late 18th century farmhouse located on the northern side of Gainsborough Road, is Grade II Listed. The site has aesthetic and historic value and was originally associated with the 18th century farm buildings on the southern side of Gainsborough Road.

7.6 These 18th century buildings, themselves historically part of the Hall Farm complex, have since been converted into residential dwellings, thus providing a disconnect with the agricultural function of the buildings and limiting the extent of the curtilage of Hall Farm to the northern side of Gainsborough Road. The converted buildings are considered to have some heritage significance, making a positive contribution to the setting of the Conservation Area and are identified as such within the Conservation Area Appraisal. Despite their conversion to residential dwellings, much of their external character and significance has been retained. They have aesthetic and architectural value which contribute to their significance.

7.7 The existing barns within the site are mid to later 20th century in date and are not considered to have any heritage significance, and are considered to have a neutral effect on the setting of the Everton Conservation Area, the nearby Grade II Listed Hall Farm or the non- designated 18th century former farm buildings.

7.8 The removal of the buildings on the site is not considered to result in any adverse impact to the setting of the Conservation Area or Hall Farm. Their removal is considered to offer the opportunity to enhance the setting of the existing 18th century converted farm buildings on the adjacent plot of land, assuming that any new development respects the elements identified within the Conservation Area Appraisal that contribute to the special character of the Conservation Area. It is recommended that the designs should consider including some of the following:

 Red brick  Natural clay pantiles (non-interlocking)  Painted timber joinery (including windows and doors)  Cast iron rain water goods  Brick arch window and door headers  Flemish and English brick bond patterns  Panelled/plank timber doors  Sash Windows  Be no more than two-storeys  Garages should be set perpendicular to the main dwelling  A clear, physical separation between the proposed and existing converted farm buildings

7.9 Consequently, the construction of the five detached dwellings could represent an opportunity to create a well-designed cluster of buildings which contribute to the overall setting of the Conservation Area. Consideration regarding the fabric and form of the dwellings should ensure that they are appropriate buildings within the Everton Conservation Area and do not detract from the setting of the area.

8.0 Discussion and Conclusions

8.1 There has been no prehistoric activity recorded within the search area. The archaeological record is fragmentary within the area, with only the occasional presence of limited Palaeolithic and Bronze Age remains within the parish. As such there is considered to be a negligible potential for prehistoric remains to be encountered within the site.

8.2 Roman activity within the search area is also limited, and relates to the conjectural route of the Roman road aligned along the Gainsborough Road leading to the legionary fort at Scaftworth, although there have been no archaeological remains found in Everton itself to indicate any Roman presence. As such there is considered to be a negligible archaeological potential for Roman remains to be encountered on the site.

8.3 Historically some level of early medieval activity is believed to have occurred within the Everton area, based on 10th and 11th century documentary sources (Bassetlaw District Council, 2013: 22–23). However, no archaeological evidence has so far been identified within the search area. Based on this, there is considered to be a negligible potential for early medieval archaeology to be encountered within the site, with any activity likely to be closer to the main historic core of Everton.

8.4 The only medieval remains recorded within the HER in the search area comprise the church and a single arrowhead. Evidence for ridge and furrow ploughing has been across the surrounding area, indicating the extent of the open field system that supported the settlement. Settlement is likely to have been focussed around the church to the northwest of the site, suggesting a negligible potential for medieval activity.

8.5 Post-medieval activity is well represented, with the majority of the HER entries being of this date and comprising houses and farmsteads that make up much of the built fabric of the village. Mapping dating from 1760 onwards suggests the site has broadly remained unchanged in use, representing fields and yard areas to the south of the group of recently converted farm buildings immediately to the north of the site. There is no evidence from

the mapping that any buildings were present on the current site until the modern farm buildings were developed in the later 20th century.

8.6 The buildings within the site do not contribute to the significance of the Conservation Area, or of the adjacent converted farm buildings on the southern side of Gainsborough Road. These converted buildings were associated with the Grade II Listed Hall Farm, located on the northern side of Gainsborough Road, but are no longer considered to be within the curtilage of Hall Farm as they have since been converted into residential use. Consequently, the removal of the existing Dutch Barns and construction of new residential dwellings, in accordance with the guidelines contained within the Everton Conservation Area Appraisal, has the opportunity to enhance the setting of the historic buildings and the Conservation Area.

9.0 Acknowledgements

9.1 Allen Archaeology Limited would like to thank Grace Machin Planning and Property for this commission.

10.0 References

Bassetlaw District Council, 2011, Bassetlaw District Local Development Framework Core Strategy & Development Management Policies DPD, Worksop: Bassetlaw District Council

Bassetlaw District Council, 2013, Everton Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan, Worksop: Bassetlaw District Council

CIfA, 2014, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, Reading: Chartered Institute for Archaeologists

Historic England, 2015a, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning, London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Historic England, 2015b, Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers’ Guide, London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Lewis, S., 1848, A Topographical Dictionary of England, London: S Lewis

Mills, A.D, 1991, The Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names, Oxford, Oxford University Press

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, 2018, National Planning Policy Framework. London: HMSO

Williams, A., and Martin, G.H., 2002, Domesday Book: A Complete Translation, London: Penguin Books Ltd

Cartographic Sources 1760 Estate plan of Everton Lordship (Nottinghamshire Archives, EV 4L)

1760 Enclosure map (Nottinghamshire Archives, EA 49/2)

1848 Tithe map of Everton (Nottinghamshire Archives, AT 47/1c)

1886 Ordnance Survey map sheet VI.7 (Nottinghamshire Archives)

1899 Ordnance Survey map sheet VI.7(Nottinghamshire Archives)

1921 Ordnance Survey map sheet VI.7 (Nottinghamshire Archives)

Appendix 1: List of NCCHER Entries within a 1km search area

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 1 N/A Roman road between Littleborough and Roman Doncaster, stopping off at the legionary fort at Scaftworth, running broadly along the modern route of the A631/Gainsborough Road. 2 M5086; 1156568, 469136 391333 Church of the Holy Trinity, with extant Medieval 1.21.4 Grade II* medieval and post-medieval elements. ;L5086; L9469; L9470; L9471 3 L5100 469060 391010 Medieval tanged iron arrowhead found Medieval at Dolphin Farm during soil riddling. 4 M15635 469033 391185 Farm Buildings adjacent to Trelawne Post-medieval Cottage to south. 5 M15611 469330 390913 Farm Buildings opposite Hall Farmhouse. Post-medieval 6 M15634 469124 391203 Grange Farmhouse. Post-medieval 7 M10786 469170 391160 Demolished 18th century farmhouse. Post-medieval 8 M11985 469292 391280 Farmhouse 50 yards east of Church Post-medieval Street, 18th century. 9 M11983 469144 391056 Farmhouse north of the Sun Inn, 18th Post-medieval century. 10 M10780; 1045098, 469340 390948 Hall Farm, a farmhouse dating to the late Post-medieval 1.21.8; Grade II 18th century. M10781 11 M10782; 1370390, 469199 391027 Pear Tree Farmhouse, an extant mid-18th Post-medieval 1.21.10 Grade II century farm building. 12 M10788; 1156582, 469239 391387 Pigeoncote Farm dating to the 18th Post-medieval 1.21.25 Grade II century on the site of an extant historic building which has since been converted to residential use. 13 M10787; 1045101, 469586 390096 Pusto Hill Farmhouse, link wall, and Post-medieval 1.21.23 Grade II outbuilding. A late 18th century model farm for Jonathan Acklam of Wiseton. 14 M10793; 1370392, 469191 390393 Mill House, an extant Grade II Listed Post-medieval 1.21.33; Grade II building dating to c.1830, and Mill M15609 Farmhouse and outbuildings. 15 M15632 469096 391284 Clock Cottage and Everton House. Post-medieval 16 M15999 469080 391298 Forge Cottage. Post-medieval 17 M15559 469150 391085 Gable Cottage, extant building. Post-medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 18 M15613 469186 391244 Holmesdale. Post-medieval 19 M15606 469097 391252 House and attached garage opposite Post-medieval Wisteria Cottage. 20 M15558; 469138 391226 House and outbuilding adjacent to Hall's Post-medieval M15612 Shop to the east. 21 M15557 469099 391305 House opposite Forge Cottage (Tricorne Post-medieval House), an extant house of uncertain date. 22 M15636 468852 391140 Lavender Cottage and Clover Cottage. Post-medieval 23 M15607 469115 391231 Old Brewery House. Post-medieval 24 M15610 468975 391101 Prospect Cottage. Post-medieval 25 M15637 468949 391117 South View. Post-medieval 26 M15633 469082 391202 The Old Brewery. Post-medieval 27 M15608 469024 391203 Trelawne Cottage. Post-medieval 28 M10795; 1156608, 469080 391263 Wisteria Cottage, a 17th century cottage Post-medieval 1.21.34 Grade II with later additions. 29 M13699 469170 391180 Pair of houses opposite Metcalfe Post-medieval Recreation Ground, late 18th century but now demolished. 30 M11980; 1045096, 469082 391389 1 & 2 Magnus Cottages, 18th century. Post-medieval 1.21.27 Grade II 31 M11955 469480 390856 Cottage Adjoining Former Chapel, an Post-medieval extant 18th century building. 32 M11982 469145 391289 Cottage opposite vicarage, a house Post-medieval dating to the 18th century. 33 M13698; 1045093, 469116 390996 Davenport House and associated Post-medieval 1.21.1 Grade II boundary wall, late 18th century. 34 M10794; 1045095, 469067 391312 Glebe Cottage, a late 18th century house Post-medieval 1.21.21; Grade II; with later additions, and Glebe M10789; 1370388, Farmhouse, an extant 18th century 1.21.26 Grade II building. 35 M10776 468987 391368 Gordon House, a house dating to the 18th Post-medieval century. 36 M11981 469177 391011 House Dated 1727 Occupied by A.L. Post-medieval Shaw, a grocer. 37 M11984 469163 390991 House next east of the Sun Inn, 18th Post-medieval century but now demolished. 38 M10785; 1302806, 469189 391133 Metcalfe House and Metcalfe Cottage Post-medieval 1.21.16 Grade II with associated boundary wall. Mid-18th century with later additions.

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 39 M11954; 1045097, 469194 391288 Church Street Cottage, early 19th century. Post-medieval 1.21.6 Grade II 40 M10784; 1370391, 469200 391076 North End Cottage and boundary wall. Post-medieval 1.21.15 Grade II 19th century. 41 M10791; 1156598, 469198 391068 Rose Cottage with associated boundary Post-medieval 1.21.31 Grade II wall, 19th century. 42 M10779; 1156575, 469161 391318 The Old Vicarage, a 'pretty conceit' of the Post-medieval 1.21.5 Grade II early 19th century. 43 M10777; 1045094, 469054 391347 White Lodge and its associated boundary Post-medieval 1.21.3 Grade II wall, 19th century. 44 M11646; 1045099, 469212 391250 The Old Malthouse, outbuilding, and Post-medieval 1.21.30 Grade II water pump. The earliest elements date to the mid-18th century. 45 M5079; 1045100, 469198 390427 Windmill, extant but ruined. The present Post-medieval 1.21.22; Grade II owner believes the mill was built c.1820, L5079 all machinery removed from the building. 46 M10792; 1156601, 469200 390419 Boiler house and chimney at Everton Post-medieval 1.21.32 Grade II Windmill dating to at least c.1860. 47 M10783 469142 390997 The Sun Inn, dating to either the 18th or Post-medieval early 19th century. 48 MNT26955; 1421768, 469083 390746 Everton Cemetery, opened as Everton Post-medieval M18851; Grade II and Scaftworth Cemetery in 1884. 1.21.60 Including Everton War Memorial which is dated to 1922 and is Grade II Listed. 49 M13701; 1370389, 469136 391343 Monumental tomb 2m to the north of the Post-medieval 1.21.28 Grade II church of Holy Trinity dating to 1814. 50 M15605 469047 391286 Blacksmiths' Arms public house, extant Modern by at least 1921. 51 M18809; 1404897, 469176 391091 K6 telephone kiosk, designed in 1935 by Modern 1.21.62 Grade II Giles Gilbert Scott and considered an 'iconic 20th century industrial design'. 52 L5080; 469130 390190 Extant pumping station extended in 1967 Modern M5080 and dating to 1938.

B A

1:10,000,000 1:1,000,000

Site Locaon

1:25,000

Site Code EVHF 18 Scale 1:10,000,000 Figure 1: Site locaon outlined in red 1:1,000,000 1:25,000 @ A4

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