BULLETIN OF THE SURVEY

VOLUME 4, NO. 5

THE OF CALIFORNIA

PART I: SUBORDER

BY STANLEY F. BAILEY (Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University’ of California, Davis)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1957 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G. Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D. Hurd, R. L. Usinger Volume 4, No. 5, pp. 143-220, plates 17-23 Submitted by Editors, March 28, 1956 Issued April 12, 1957 Price $1.50

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON. ENGLAND

PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS

Introduction ...... 143 Methods and Materials for the Collection of Thrips ...... 143 Bionomics ...... 145 Distribution ...... 145 Systematics ...... 146 Key to the Genera of California Thysanoptera: Terebrantia ...... 147 ...... 151 ...... 159 Ankothrips ...... 163 ...... 166 Arpediothrips ...... 166 Bregmatothrips ...... 167 Chilothrips ...... 167 ...... 168 Dactuliothrips...... 170 Drepanothrips ...... 172 ...... 172 Etythrothrips ...... 172 ...... 174 ...... 177 Heliothrips ...... 177 Hercinothrips ...... 178 Hercotkips ...... 178 ...... 179 Isoneurothrips ...... 182 Kurtomathrips ...... 182 Leucothrips ...... 183 ...... 184 Melanthrips ...... 185 ...... 185 Monilothrips ...... 186 ...... 186 Oligothrips ...... 186 Orothrips ...... 187 ...... 188 Parthenothrips ...... 189 Plesiothrips ...... 189 Psilothrips ...... 190 Rhipidothrips ...... 190 Rhopalandrothrips ...... 191 ...... 192 Scolothrips ...... 193 Sericothrips ...... 195 Stomatothrips ...... 197 ...... 197 Thrips ...... 202 Toxonothrips ...... 205 Literature Cited ...... 207 Plates ...... 209 Index to California of Thysanoptera . Part I: Terebrantia ...... 218 THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA Part I: Suborder Terebrantia BY Stanley F. Bailey

I NTRODUC'TION belonging to the Thysanoptera are omitted since this factor is not particularly generally called thrips. The order is divided into important in the order from a taxonomic stand- two suborders, the Terebrantia, in which the point. In the majority of cases, knowledge of the females have a sawlike ovipositor, and the host is not important as is !rue of aphids. Tubulifera, those in which the ovipositor is Therefore no host index has been compiled. lacking and both sexes have the terminal ab- Taeniothrips xanthitrs, Scirtothrips Zongipennis, dominal segments in the shape of a tube. The and Anaphothrips orchidii have been collected first suborder has four families, the Aeolothripi- only in greenhouses in this state. Bregmatothrips dae, , , and Thripi- (Iridothrips) iridis (Watson) has been taken only dae, all of which are found in California. The in quarantine. metamorphosis of the group is intermediate be- The subgenus Mycterothrips is included under tween the simple and complete types. The small Taeniothrips, Microcepbalothrips under Thrips, size of thrips, from 0.5 to 5.0 mm. in length, and the various subdivisions of Anaphothrips makes accurate dorsal mounting on slides neces- under Anuphothrips. sary to see, measure, and illustrate the minute Every working systematist knows that a review, characters used in classification. This report revision, or summation of a group of organisms covers the Terebrantia only; an up-to-date review is never really completed. New specimens and of the Tubulifera of California is being published publications continually being received make it elsewhere. necessary periodically to re"ea1uate and modify The numbers of species of thrips recorded from concepts and relationships. This is true of this this state have increased as follows: Hinds summary of our present knowledge of California (1902), 4; Daniel (1904), 8; Moulton (1907), 25; thrips. A complete listing of all hosts and dis- Moulton (1911), 45; Watson (1923), 54; Bailey tributional records of the more common species (1935), 107. Bailey and Cott (1952) added several would add little, and only selected or "token" more. At this time we record 122 species of records are given. The collections of Moulton, Terebrant;a alone, 40 of which were described by Watson, Steinweden, Andre, Sakimura, P. R. Moulton. The suborder Tubulifera has about 60 Jones, Hinds, the Canadian National Museum, representatives in this state. The increase in the U.S. National Museum, and of the California numbers is not a true indication of the increase State Department of Agriculture have been studied of the fauna or the assiduity of each successive in part. The verification of many thousands of author. slides of common species in these collections, The key to the genera will be useful not only however, has not been attempted. for California but for most of the western area. The species of economic importance, their Keys are available to the specialist for most of biology and control have been described in detail the aeolothripid genera and species, as well as in other publications by W. E. Ebeling and myself. for North American Taeniothrips, Chirothrips, Limothrips, and FrankZinieIIa The principal METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR THE reviews helfpul in determining California thrips COLLECTION OF THRIPS are to be found in the references given in the terminal bibliography. No detailed published The average entomologist never collects thrips. keys are available for such large genera as In general, when he thinks of them, he recalls Anuphothrips, Scirtothrips, Thrips, and the he has seen them frequenting flowers. Although heliothripid complex in North America. it is true that flowers provide one readily avail- Unless otherwise noted the collections were able source of thrips, the collector will soon find made by me. The sex of the specimen has been that he is collecting large numbers of a few very 144 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY common thrips species over and over again. dry since the thrips are best dislodged under Therefore, it might be worth while to pass on to these conditions. collectors my experiences and those of Dr. H. Woody perennials.-Beating is perhaps the Edwin Cott. most effective sampling method. Dead branches (particularly those still bearing leaves) on a living tree or bush respond well to this method of General Suggestions attack. Dying or diseased plants or those heavily encrusted with scale insects are attractive to the Thrips should be collected in small vials of predaceous thrips if not overrun with ants. ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) of approximately Beetle frass. -Certain highly specialized 70 per cent strength. They should be picked up thrips prefer the frass of beetles which may be with a fine camel's hair brush. A thick, bushy found in abundance under loose bark on fallen brush quickly soaks up the alcohol in the vial logs. If this material is placed on a white back- and has the further disadvantage of entangling ground in the sun and spread thinly, the thrips the thrips and damaging them. will reveal their presence by becoming active. Serious collecting requires a sweeping net Conijers. -In general, conifers are poor sources (a standard insect net with a stiff frame and a of thrips material. A few species appear to be closely woven bag) and a beating sheet. The restricted to conifers, but usually one obtains beating sheet is a square of canvas measuring only general feeders that have accidentally landed about one yard at the edge and supported by on the plant. wooden cross bars. Held under a woody plant, it Fungi-Many thrips feed on fungus spores, catches thrips and other insects dislodged from apparently to the exclusion of everything else; the plant by vigorous blows of a stick or club. a few may actually attack the mycelium itself. One other collecting device of inestimable Bracket or shelf fungi should always be investi- value is the Berlese funnel, a device useful for gated. collecting small insects from dead leaves, bunch Weeds.-Those of a woody nature are always grass, punky wood, and similar situations. possible sources of thrips. Dead, hollow weed Three collecting maxims which, if observed, stems often serve as hiding places for aestivating will save much needless (and usually fruitless) or hibernating adults. effort are as follows: Plants with closely bunched leaves.-Yuccas 1. Native plants are almost always a richer or palmettos require special treatment. Some very source of good thrips material than are exotics or unusual thrips may be €ound in the blossoms, introduced ornamentals. and still another group is found only between the 2. P erennials-particularly woody perennials- succulent bases of the leaves. should be given preference over annuals. Plant galls.--These are important mainly as Grasses, of course, constitute one of the places of hibernation or aestivation. Old galls

exceptions to these rules, but even here a peren- may support growths of fungi on the walls which ! nial native bunch grass would usually prove better are attractive to thrips. Gall-forming thrips are collecting than an introduced annual. restricted largely to the tropics. 3. Burned-over and recently flooded areas Humus and leaf mold-Very rich sources of should be avoided. Humus inhabiting species do material responding best to treatment by Berlese not quickly become re"etab1ished after a bum. funnel are humus and leaf mold. Under no cir- Under bark-Many kinds of thrips are found cumstances should the humus be wet or soggy, and under bark on dead trees or under bark scales on it should not be in the final stage of decomposi- living trees, such as the sycamore. The bark tion. Sweeping grass and weeds under oaks and should not be so old that it is widely separated other deciduous trees will sometimes result in the from the tree trunk. If spiders, ants, or psocid capture of these forms where they have climbed colonies have become established under the bark up on the plants. thrips seldom will be found. Cactus.-At least two genera of thrips are Meadows.-These areas are usually collected restricted to cactus and are best detected by with the sweeping net. Late in the season, stand- direct inspection of the pads. ing dry grass will be found to support a different Leaves.-The undersides of leaves on broad- fauna than do the succulent grasses and hetbs of leafed native plants, particularly in the angles of early spring. In the eastern United States special the larger veins and among the hairs, offer an collecting methods may be applied to turf, which opportunity for selective collecting. The leaves supports a characteristic fauna of its own. should be turned slowly to avoid causing the Sweeping should be done only when the grass is thrips to jump or fly. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 145

This list by no means exhausts the possible Migration is not pronounced. If sufficient food sources of thrips material. It is intended merely is available, the adults move about very little. as a suggestion of what we believe to be a few Many species with well-developed wings use of the better collecting possibilities. them infrequently and are weak fliers. Local migrations, such as OCCUT in the pear thrips and BIONOMICS , are usually occasioned by a shortage of food or by the discovery of a more desirable supply. In such event the migration is Thrips, averaging in size from mm., are not 1-2 only for a few hundred yards, generally in the very impressive in contrast to out better known direction of the prevailing wind. insects. The great majority of the species are Thrips are found on the most tender, succulent plant feeders. very few species are predaceous A parts of the host plants-usually in buds, in on spider mites, eggs and young of scale insects, blossoms, under bracts, in leaf sheaths, or on and other thrips. Members of the Merothips bulbs. In some cases, however, they feed un- are believed to be fungus feeders as are some protected on the leaf surface, as, for example, species of the suborder Tubulifera. the bean thrips on cotton or the greenhouse thrips Most thrips attacking plants have a simple life on . history that varies but little fundamentally in Usually the host range of thrips is very wide, the different species. The minute, bean-shaped though some species, such as the gladiolus thrips, eggs are inserted in the tender plant tissue by a exhibit a narrower choice than others. This tiny, sawlike ovipositor which is lacking in the cosmopolitan host range and the habit of living ?Iubulifera. After a few days the delicate, soft- somewhat concealed make control difficult and bodied nymphs hatch and immediately begin eradication almost impossible. Of the environ- feeding gregariously. The length of all the mental factors affecting thrips populations, heavy stages varies, of course, with the temperature. rains and cold weather are the most important. Under favorable conditions the young attain full Thrips have but few insect enemies. growth in 7 to 10 days. When feeding ceases, the The species of economic importance have been nymphs either drop to the ground or rest quietly studied in detail (Bailey, 1938), but the life on the host. Some mature nymphs such as the histories of many of the less common species are pear thrips make an earthen cell in the soil, in not known. which they transform. hiany aeolothripids form a crude silken ?cocoon.? During this period the wings and other organs develop, and in 4 to 14 DISTRIBUTION days the adult stage is reached. Reproduction occurs with or without mating; in some species The numbers and diversity of thrips species vary males are unknown. with the locality and the season. As I pointed There are one to many generations of thrips a out (1940a), the largest number of species of yea, and though less prolific than some insects, thrips are found on the Atlantic and Pacific each female lays from 25 to as many as 200 coasts. The relative paucity of thrips in the eggs, more commonly 40 to 50. During the growing Central States seems to be correlated with the season and the warmer parts of the year the extensive grassland area east of the Rocky generations more or less overlap. The greatest Mountains, which is less rich in flora than the seasonal abundance depends on the requirements eastern and far western states. A few species of the particular species; some are most numerous such as the onion thrips and Limothrips cereal- in the spring and others during the warm, dry ium Haliday are found throughout the country. season. They are readily destroyed by heavy Others, with restricted hosts or narrow climatic rains and consequently are most numerous in limitations such as the pear thrips, the citrus arid and semiarid climates. thrips, and the noneconomic Heterothrips viti- Hibernation most commonly occurs in the adult floridus Bailey and Cott obviously have a re- stage. The citrus thrips, however, passes the stricted distribution. Certain groups or whole coldest months in the egg stage. Also, nymphs of genera are confined geographically. For example, the onion thrips and the western flower thrips the genera Dactuliothrips, Orothrips, and Herco-. are active throughout the winter in California. thrips are typical of the arid western area. With Other thrips hibernate under bark, in curled leaves, in some genera there are distinct geographical on evergreen plants, and in other suitable hiding limits of certain species. In the large genera places. Aeolothrips and Frankliniella, Ae. kuwanm?i 146 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Moulton, Ae. nitidus Modton, Frankliniella SYSTEMATICS occidentalis (Pergande), and F. minuta Moulton are strictly western. There are certain species that are restricted The systematics of the order Thysanoptera in in their distribution apparently for a different North America had its beginning with the work of reason-that of a very limited reproductive Hinds in 1902 (Bailey, 1939). His work was based potential. This characteristic makes them scarce largely upon Uzel’s monograph of the group which even in the specific localities where they are appeared in 1895. Since this time Hood, Moulton, known to occur. Examples of these rare species and Watson have contributed the majority of are Toxonothrips gramineae Moulton and Psilo- descriptions of North American thrips. Moulton, thrips priesneri (Moulton). Jones, Steinweden, and I have specialized on The introduced species Drepanothrips reuten western Thysanoptera. Since World War 11, R. L. Uzel, Taeniothrips simplex Morison, and Taenio- Post studied the Thysanoptera of and H. thrips inconsequens Uzel are found almost ex- Edwin Cott the Tubulifera of California. In 1947- clusively associated with the crops which they 1949 I compiled an up-to-date annotated list of infest. the North American workers and the known As we have learned more about the seasonal species. At present the principal need is for habits of thrips we have been able’ to collect in keys to the North American genera and species. numbers what were formerly considered to be Also, a comprehensive, illustrated treatment by uncommon species such as Oligothrips orieos a seasoned worker of the higher categories in Moulton, Hercothrips bromi Moulton, and Anko- the order is needed, even if it is provisional. thrips notabilis Bailey. Many species appear on The beginner is referred to the principal texts their hosts only for a very limited period and not on entomology for the fundamental terminology always throughout the range of that host. Re- commonly employed in the systematics, anatomy, cently discovered species in the state, notably and biology of the Thysanoptera. In view of the lsoneurothrips australis Bagnall and Rhipido- fact that the metamorphosis is of a transitional thrips species, appear to be extending their type, the immature stages sometimes have been distribution annually. called “larvae“ and sometimes “nymphs.” Since A study of the distribution of thrips species the “prepupal” and “pupal” stages are mobile in California in relation to life zones has brought and the wings develop externally, the term nymph out a few generalizations. The number of species is perhaps more appropriate although the last two found at high elevations is very limited. These stages are nonfeeding and in some genera spin a species are similar to the European fauna. At loose cocoon. lower elevations in the Canadian or coniferous In describing thrips, specialists in the group belt we see many similarities with the European have used the ovipositor, antennae, forewings, thrips but additional and typical western genera, palpi, and chaetotaxy of the pronotum to establish such as Orothrips and , also occur. major categories. There has been some lack of In the so-called Transition, 1,000 to 5,000 feet, consistency in the use of generic characters. both in the coastal range and the Sierra and The dependence on color and measurements of Cascades, we find the greatest diversity of antennal segments has frequently been un- species. In very dry or very wet years the rel- reliable because of the variable techniques in ative abundance of thrips is considerably reduced. preparing and mounting specimens. It is very Collecting in the coastal Redwood Transition difficult at present to make positive determina- zone usually yields very few species. The in- tions in such genera as Frankliniella, Taenio- terior Valley Sonoran areas support what is thrips, Thrips, and Sericothrips. largely a spring population when the annual Bagnall (1912, 1930, 1931) and Hood (1715) flowering plants are blooming. The desert areas presented outlines of the higher groups as they having highly specialized plants also produce a conceived them at the time. Priesner (1949) in limited number of characteristic thrips species. his “Genera Thysanopteronun” has prepared the It should be mentioned that on the east side of the most comprehensive treatment yet attempted. This Cascade and Sierra ranges, species representa- authority states--”the further separation of tive of the appear, but insufficient tribes, though it may be indicated, I consider for collecting has been done in this part of the state the moment unadvisable, in order to avoid the to draw any general conclusions. In May the shifting to and fro of genera from one tribe to greatest variety of species can be found through- another, which would happen in the present state out most of the state, from sea level to about of uncertainty es to the correct position of many 3,000 feet. genera. For years to come, our main task must k THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 147 remain the continuation of the thrips survey of Tubulif era (continued) the world, the description of the unknown species Megathripinae found, and the allotment of them to different Megathripini genera, together with revisions of the genera and Comp sothripini species described hitherto, a work that is far Pygothripinae from completion.” Urothripinae Thus we are confronted with a dilemma. Shall we call a halt on new descriptions and concentrate Key to the Genera of on consolidating and evaluating the knowledge to California Thysanoptera: Terebrantia date? If so, the necessary filling in of the gaps in the order will be delayed, and many relation- 1. Ovipositor curved upward (fig. 1). Wings ships will remain confused. A compromise is the almost always broad and rounded at obvious solution. The burden of the work has tip (fig. 2). Antennae %segmented, with fallen on but a few, when compared with other variable types of sensoriae .....2 groups of insects which have large numbers of Ovipositor down curved (fig. 3). Wings specialists. Therefore, historically speaking, the smaller, usually pointed and withone systematics of the Thysanoptera has not yet or no cross veins ...... -10 reached full maturity. Prothorax with long, prominent bristles Priesner’s arrangement of the higher groups of at posterior lateral angles (fig. 4). the order is as follows: Terminal antennal segments not fused. Tere brantia Maxillary and labial palpi 3- and 2- Aeolothripoidea segmented ...... 3 Prothorax without long bristles at outer Erotidothripin ae angles; those at anterior angles very Melanthripinae small, in Rhipitdothrips those at poste- Mymarothripinae rior placed forward of outer angles. Aeolothripinae Terminal antennal segments (VI-IX or Orothripini VI-1x1 reduced or fused (fig. 5) (Om- Franklinothripini thrips excepted). Maxillary palpi 3- to Aeolothripini 8-segmented, labial palpi &segmented . Merothripoidea ...... 5 Merothripidae Second antennal segment produced Thripoidea apically in the form of a tooth. Vertex Het erothripidae produced anteriorly (fig. 4) ...... Het erothripini Anbothips D. L. Crawford, 1909 H emithripini ... Second antennal segment normal: not Opadothripini produced anteriorly. Vertex not produced Fauriellini 4 ...... Helio Fore tibiae with strong tooth or spur at Thripinae tip (fig. 6). Fore tarsi without claws. Dendrothripini Sensory areas on antennal segments Sericothripini I11 and IV in the form of M oblique he Anaphothripini or ring near the tip of the segments and Chirothripini partly or entirely encircling them. An- Thripini nulations on antennal segments absent Tubulifera or very weak ...... Phlaeot hripidae ...... Melanthrips Haliday, 1836 Phlaeothripinae Fore tibiae without teeth or spurs. Fore Phl aeothripini tarsi with a well-developed claw (fig. E upathripini 7). Sensory areas on antennal segments Hoplothripini I11 and IV represented by 2 circular to Haplothripini oval areas on each segment; annula- Hy stricothripini tions on segments strongly developed . Plectrothripini .....Dactuliotbrips Moulton, 1931 148 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

5(2). Maxillary palpi 5- to &segmented. Labial Ovipositor well developed. (Visible in palpi 4- to 5-segmented ...... 6 some Plesiothn'ps although apparently Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Labial palpi nonfunctional.) Antennae 5- to 9-seg- &segmented ...... 8 mented...... 12 6(5). All antennal segments clearly articulated. 11( 10). Antennae 8-segmented; with transparent, Antennal segments I11 and IV each with ventral sensory band at tip of segments 2 similar sensory areas (fig. 8). Fore- 111 and IV (fig. 15). Tip of abdomen of wings slightly broadened toward tip . . male without armature ...... Omthrips Modton, 1907 ...... Merothrips Hood, 1912 Terminal antennal segments more or less Antennae 7-segmented; with forked tri- shortened and united. Antennal seg- chomes on segments I11 and IV (fig. ments I11 and IV with a single sensory 25). Male with heavy spurs on dorsum area on each segment (fig. 9) ....7 of abdominal segment IX (fig. 16) .... 7(6). Forewings markedly constricted in basal ...... Plesiothrips Hood, 1915 third (fig. 10). Sensory areas on anten- 12(10). Antennae %segmented. Fore tarsi with nal segments I11 and IV linear, enlarged, hooked claw on second segment (fig. or hooked at distal end. Head about as 17)...... 13 wide as long; eyes little or not at all Antennae 5- to 8-segmented (or apparently prolonged ventrally ...... +segmented; refer to Oxythtips; ...... Stomatothnps Hood, 1912 Anuphothrips). Fore tarsi without claw Forewings not so constricted. Sensory on basal part of second segment (2 areas on antennal segments 111 and IV small teeth present in Odontothrips) . . linear but shorter and not hooked at ...... 14 distal end. Head longer than wide and eyes noticeably prolonged ventrally 13( 12). Posterior margins of abdominal segments (fig. 11) ...... extended to form a row of comblike ...... Elytbrothrips Moulton, 1911 teeth (fig. 18). No sutures or strong spines on pronotum. Sensoriae on 8(5). Antennae very long and threadlike (fig. antennal segments I11 and IV take the 12). Segment I11 at least 10 times as form of a ring of minute discs at tip long as broad. Sensory areas on seg- (fig. 19) ...Hetemthrips Hood, 1908 ments 111 and IV extending nearly the Posterior margins of abdominal segments

entire length of segment and appearing not produced. Irregular, central longi- 1 vermiform, the margins being sinuate . . tudinal suture on pronotum which also ...... Ftanklinothrips Back, 1912 has many long spines. Sensory areas Antennae not threadlike and sensory areas on antennal segments I11 and IV are not as above described...... 9 represented by one short, broad, bluntly I pointed cone at the outer Up of each 9(8). Sensory areas on segments 111 and IV at (fig. 20) Oligothtips Moulton, distal end, ventral, lenseshaped and . . 1933 partly encircling segment. Head longer 14(12). Head extending in front of eyes (fig. 21). than wide with varying degrees of Males usually brachypterous or wing- reticulation on posterior dorsal part, less ...... 15 forming a collar; a group of short, stout Head not projected in front of eyes, at bristles on cheeks behind eyes (fig. most only rounded (fig. 22) .....18 ! 13) .....Rhipidoihrips Uzel, 1895 Sensory areas on segments 111 and IV 15(14). Head much smaller than prothorax (fig. linear or oval never tending to encircle 21). Front legs reduced in size .... segments. Head about as long as wide, ...... Chirothips Haliday, 1836 reticulations, if present, weak and not Head and front legs not reduced (cf. f forming a collar; group of bristles Memthrips with differing sensoriae, behind eyes lacking fig. 15) ...... 16 ...... 1 ...... Aeoloth~ipsHaliday, 1836 16(15). Hind angles of pronotum each with 1 long lO(1). Ovipositor atrophied or reduced; tip of bristle (fig. 23). Sense cones on abdomen blunt with long setae (fig. 14). antennal segments 111 and IV simple or Antennae 7-or &segmented. ....ll forked. Hind margins of abdominal I THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 149 tergites 11-VIII without scallops .... like area which is not emarginate or ...... Limothrips Haliday, 1836 constricted laterally (fig. 31). Ocelli Hind angles of pronotum each with 2 not situated on a raised part of the long bristles ...... 17 vertex ...... 17( 16). Antennae 8-segmented. Sense cones on ...... Monilotbrips Moulton, 1929 of head reticulated throughout. antennal segments III and simple. Dorsum IV Ocelli situated raised part of Hind margins of abdominal tergites on 11-VIII with well-developed scallops vertex ...... 25 (fig. 24) ...... 25(24). Posterior, lateral parts of head notched, ...... Btegmatothrips Hood, 1912 forming a basal constriction, often Antennae 7-segmented (fig. 25). Sense giving the appearance of a collar. cones on segments I11 and IV forked. Pronotum strongly transverse and Without well-developed scallops, teeth, shorter than head (fig. 26) ...... or setae on hind margins of abdominal ..... Hetcinothtips Bagnall, 1932 tergites ...... Posterior, lateral parts of head without ...... Ptesiothrips Hood, 1915 notch, collar, or constrictions. Prono- 18(14). Body surface with heavy reticulations, tum not as strongly transverse and, usuallypolygonal (fig. 26) .... .19 about same length as head (fig. 32) . . Body surface without heavy reticula- ...... HercothripsHood, 1927 tions which form irregular polygons . . 26(18). Antennae 6-segmented (fig. 33) ....27 ...... 26 Antennae 7- to &segmented. ....28 19( 18). Bristles on longitudinal veins of forewing 27(26). Ocelli and wings absent ...... bluntly pointed and enlarged at tip ...... Aptinothtips Haliday, 1836 (fig. 27) ...... Ocelli and wings present ...... Ecbinothps Moulton, 1911 ...... Drepanothrips Uzel, 1895 Bristles on forewings, when present, not bluntly pointed .20 28(26). Ocelli and wings absent ...... 29 ...... Ocelli and/or wings psesent (see Atpedio- 20(19). Wingless ...... 21 thrips) ...... 31 Wings present .22 ...... 29(28). Posterior outer angles of prononun with 21(20). Setae on head and pronotum, broad flat- 2 long bristles. Antennae -/-segmented . tened, and usually notched near tip Toxonotbrips Moulton, 1927 (male only) (fig. 28) ...... Posterior outer angles of pmnotum with 1 ..... Kurtomathn'ps Moulton, 1927 or no prominent bristles (fig. 34) ... Setae normal (fig. 29) ...... 30 .Anupbothtips reticulatus Moulton, 1907 30(29). Interocular bristles well developed (fig. 22(20). Antennal segments III and IV without 29) .....Anupbothrips Uzel, 1895 forked sensory trichomes. Costal Interocular bristles very we& and minute margin of forewings without fringe of (fig. 34) . . Aptinothrips Haliday, 1836 delicate hairs (fig. 30) ...... 23 Antennal segments 111 and J.V with forked 31(28). Well-developed claw on fore tibia (fig. sensory trichomes. Costal margin of 35)...... forewings with usual fringe of delicate . Odonzotbrips Amyot and Serville, 1843 hairs ...... 24 Fore tibia without claws ...... -32 23(22). Forewings narrow, basal fourth expanded. 32(31). Antennae 7-segmented, style 1-segmented Surface ofwings not reticulated .... (fig. 36) ...... 33 ...... Heliothrips Haliday, 1836 Antennae &segmented or appearing 9- Forewings broad, costal margin constricted segmented because of parrial or entire in distal part of basal third. Surface of cleavage of segment VI (fig. 37) ...37 wings reticulated (fig. 30) ...... Parthenothrips Uzel, 1895 33(32). Forewings with 1 longitudinal vein (fig. 38). Small, delicate species...... 24(22). Dorsum of head heavily reticulated only . '...... Leucotbrips Reuter, 1904 in posterior region which forms a collar- Forewings with 2 longitudinal veins . .34 150 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 34(33). Antennal segment VI large, style reduced Head and pronotum normal. Two bristles (fig. 39) ...... at each outer posterior angle of prono- .....Zsoneurothrips Bagnall, 1915 tum (fig. 47). Fore tibia unarmed ... Antennal segment VI and style normal Tamiotbrips(~ycterotbripsTrybom, 1912) (fig. 40; cf. male of Plesiothrips) ... 35 42(39). Forewings with 1 longitudinal vein ex- ...... tending entire length of wing (fig. 35(34). Posterior margins of abdominal tergites 48) ....Sericothrips Haliday, 1836 I-VIII with teeth (fig. 41) ...... Forewings with 2 longitudinal veins . .43 Thtibs (Microcephalothrips) Bagnall, 1926 Posterior margins of abdominal segments 43(42). Abdomen with fine pubescence or rows of without teeth, segment VI11 often with microsetae on lateral surfaces of tergites (fig. 49) .44 partial or complete fringe of setae . .36 ...... Abdomen without pubescence or lateral 36(35). Head oval, rounded in front, without well- asperities ...... -45 developed bristles (fig. 22). Ocelli and wings absent in male ...... 44(43). Maxillary palpi 2-segmented. Costal ..... ToxonothripsMoulton, 1927 margin of forewing without fringe of Head usually wider than long, not pro- secondary setae (fig. 50) ...... jected or rounded in front and with ...... Psilothrips Hood, 1927 well-developed bristles (fig. 42). Males Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Costal mar usually with ocelli and wings ..... gin of forewing with usual fringe of ...... Thrips Linn;, 1776 setae .... Scirtothn'ps Shull, 1909 37(32). Antennae appearing %segmented (fig. 37) 45(43). Pronotum with very long, conspicuous ...... 38 mid-lateral bristle, equal in length to Antennae clearly8-segmented. ....39 those at posterior angles (fig. 51) ...... Smlotbrips Hinds, 1902 38(37). Comb present on posterior margin of ab- Pronotum without prominent mid-lateral dominal tergite VIII; tergites 11-VI11 bristles equal in length to those at each with a pair of moderate to heavy posterior angles ...... 46 spines in center (fig. 43). Males with- out armature on dorsum of abdominal 4345). Pronotum with 1 long bristle at each outer segment IX ...... anterior angle (fig. 52) ...... Anaphothrips Uzel, 1895 ...... Ftankliniella Karny, 1910 Comb absent on abdominal segment VIII; Pronotum without prominent bristles at tergites without pairs of bristles in outer anterior angles ...... -47 center. Males with spurs on dorsum of abdominal segment IX (fig. 44) .... 47(46). Pronotum with 1 prominent bristle at each ...... Oxythrips Uzel, 1895 outer posterior angle (fig. 53). Poste- rior margin of abdominal tergite VIII 39(27). Mouth cone long and often very large, without fringe of setae ...... reaching nearly to or beyond posterior ...... Oxythrips Uzel, 1875 margin or prothorax (fig. 45) ....40 Pronotum with 2 prominent bristles at each Mouth cone normal, not reaching to poste outer posterior angle (fig. 54) ....48 rior margin of prothorax ...... 42 48(47). All setae on pronotum minute except on I 40(39). Body flat. Head nearly as wide as prono- posterior margin (fig. 54). Fore vein of I tum which has 2 bristles at each poste- forewing clearly joined to costa in 2 I rior outer angle (fig. 46) (alate and or more places (fig. 55). Antennae of I apterous forms) ...... male with greatly enlarged segment ...... Atpediotbrips Hood, 1927 VI (fig. 56) ...... i Body not flattened...... 41 ...Rhopalandmthrips Priesner, 1922 Pronotal setae variable, longest being at 1 41(40). Head much smaller than pronotum which posterior outer angles (Fig. 57). Fore has 1 bristle at each posterior outer vein of forewing nearly always separate 1 angle (fig. 45). Fore tibia with 2 spurs . from costa. Antenna of male normal . . I ...... ChiZothrips Hood, 1916 . Taeniothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843 I ! THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 151

Genus Aeolotbrips Haliday Body golden yellow or light brown with tip of abdomen dark brown. Antennal Antennae nine-segmented, segments 111 and IV segment I1 yellow or light brown. cylindrical and each with one oval-elongated Sensory area on antennal segment IV sensory area. Ocelli present in both sexes. Maxil- about one-half length of segment, lary palpi three-segmented. Labial palpi four- and curved at tip; that on V small, segmented. Pronotum without large bristles. Legs oval to linear. Male with claspers slender, fore femora somewhat enlarged in both and sickle bristle (, Arizona) sexes. Second segment of fore tarsi with large, ...... aureus Moulton, 1931 fingerlike hook attached at base and present in Abdominal segments 11-111, 11-IV, 11-V, both sexes. Wings present or absent. When present or 11-VI yellow. Remainder of body in macropterous forms, broad and rounded at tip. brown ...... 3 Forewing with longitudinal veins reaching the two Abdominal segments IEV or 11-VI tip and with cross longitudinal dark bands, or or yellow or light brown. Antennal seg- combinations thereof. Cross veins present. Ovi- ment I dark brown, 11 light brown in positor large and upturned. Males smaller than distal half. Male with claspers. females with antennal segments usually differently (Brachypterous forms common. See proportioned and the sensory areas variable. 28) (W. Canada, Wn., Ore., Calif.) Dorsum of first abdominal segment divided into .... uuticestus Treherne, 1919 thuds by two longitudinal thickenings which form Abdominal segments 11-11 or 11-IV distinct lines. Genitalia with or without claspers yellow ...... 4 and with or without projections on the dorsum of abdominal tergites IV to VI. Abdominal segments I1 and 111 each The genus was divided into Coleotbrips and with 2 distinct brown spots on Aeolotbrips by Haliday in 1836, but only the latter dorsum. Male unknown (, Calif., has been used generally by entomologists. Ariz., N. M., Idaho)...... The members of this genus are widely dis .... brunneipictus Bailey, 1951 tributed and are considered predaceous on thrips, Abdominal segments I1 and 111 clear spider mites, and young scale insects. Both adults uniform yellow...... 5 and nymphs feed in the same manner as do the Antennal segments I and I1 dark brown; majority of Thysanoptera. The nymphs spin a ‘ segments VIII and IX greatly reduced loose cocoon in which the last two of the four and closely joined. Wings and an- stages sometimes called 88pupae” are passed. In tennae long and slender. Tip of the western states this group is very well repre- abdomen dark brown. Male with sented. claspers, not distinctly bicolorous (Mass. to Fla.; Utah to Texas) ... bicolor Hinds, Key to North American Species of Aeolotbrips ...... 1902 Antennal segments I-III yellow; seg men- VI-M about equal and closely I. Forewings with 2 dark crossbands . - - . 1 joined. Tip of abdomen yellow or 11. Forewings with dark, longitudinal band on pos light brown. Wings lacking or seldom terior part ...... 11 completely developed (see 28). Male without claspers N. III. Forewings with longitudinal band on posterior (Mass., Y., N. J., Ontario, Iowa, Ill.) part and also crossband ..... 1 ...... 19 .....dbicinctus Haliday, 1836 N. Forewings with 2 crossbands connected with Antennal segment about twice longitudinal band in posterior half ... 26 VI as long as VII. Wings narrow with a V. Forewings otherwise marked...... 27 distinct hump in center of fore margin. All legs brown (Widely VI. Forewings brachypterous, not fully developed, distributed, Mass. to Calif.) absent .... or ...... 28 ...... nrrstuttii Jones, 1912 l(1). Body bicolorous ...... 2 Antennal segment VI about the same Body (head, thorax, and abdomen) uni- length as VII; VI-IX reduced and colorous ...... 6 closely joined; frrsciatus type . . 7 152 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 7(6). Forewings with crossbands connected wing widened to form an incomplete along posterior margin by a dark line crossband near center. Antennal (ring vein only). Sensory areas on segment IV yellow in basal fourth to antennal segments 111 and IV very third (Mexico) . , major Bailey, 1951 small, that on IV not hooked at tip, Longitudinal band on forewing without on V circular. Fore tarsi yellowish a crossband. Antennal segment IV brown. Male unknown (Oregon) ... entirely brown (Mexico) ...... oregonus Hood, 1935 ...... diabolus Priesner, 1932 Forewings with crossbands distinct Smaller species ...... 12 (ring vein in dwaIi often pigmented) lZ(11). Antennal segments 111-IV grayish-white, ...... 8 base of IV with dark ring, V-IX with 8(7). Sensory area on antennal segment V very light brown shading. Sensory oval-elongate; those on 111 and IV area on segment V linear. Tarsi and narrow, linear, about half the length tips of tibiae on forelegs, and tarsi of segment, IV usually curved at tip. of middle legs, light yellowish Segment 111 brown, lighter in basal brown. Head deeply striate. Male un- half. All legs uniform dark brown known (Idaho, Utah, Calif.). . - . - (lighter in male). Male with claspers, ...... nitidus Moultdn, 1946 strong sickle bristle, projections on Antennal segment 111, and usually basal tergites IV and V variable (Nev. ,N. U , half of IV, yellowish-brown ...13 Wyo., Idaho, Colo., Ark., Okla., l3(l2). Longitudinal band on forewings not Utah, Texas, Ariz., Calif., and extending entire length of wing. . Mexico). ...duvali Modton, 1927 ...... 14 Sensory area on antennal segments V Longitudinal band on forewings extend- and VI small and circular. Antennal ing entire length of wing . . s . 15 segment I11 pale grayish yellow, brown at tip...... 9 14(13). Longitudinal band on forewings vari- able in width, often extending to and 9(8). Antennal segment I very short (I, 0.027 beyond anterior longitudinal vein in mm. long; 11, 0.026 mm).. Abdomen basal part, 35-50 spines on posterior short, tergum of M very short (0.088 longitudinal vein in dark area of fore- mm.). Wings short and broad (5.5 wing. times as long as greatest width). Antennal segment 111, only, white in Male unknown (Ore., Calif.) .... female, smoky in male. Antennal ...... brevicauda Hood, 1935 segments noticeably spinose. Male Antennae and abdomen not unusually with claspers and accessory thorn. short 10 long or ...... Tergites of abdominal segments XV lO(9). Antennal segment V about 2.7 times as and V with toothlike projections long as VI (V, 0.052 mm.; VI, 0.019 (Pacific slope) ...... kuwanaii Moulton, 1907 mm.). Forewings white in basal ...... third. Head about as long as wide. Longitudinal band on forewing narrow, Male with claspers, but without pro- complete but not extending either to jections on tergites IV-VI (Arizona) base or tip or to anterior longitudinal ...... wetmorei Hood, 1927 vein. Bristles on posterior longi- Antennal segment V 3 to 4 times as tudinal vein in dark area fewer in long as VI. Forewings white in basal number (15 in paratype) and weaker fourth. Head wider than long. Male than in kuwanaii Antennal segment (of fasciatus) with claspers, with 111 brown at distal end, shading to projections on tergites IV and V yellow at base. Dorsal bristles on (Widely distributed, to Mex.) antennal segments not prominent...... fasciatu (Lid), 1758 Sensory area on V oval. Male with (New Mexico). vebemens Hood, 1927 claspers but without toothlike pro- jections on IV and V (Oklahoma, ll(I1). Very large species; head 0.189 to 0.260 Nev., Utah, Ariz., Calif.) ..... mm. long. Longitudinal band on fore- ...... /uscur Watson, 1931 THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 153 15(13). Sensory area on antennal segment V half; tips of fore tibiae lemon yel- small and circular (or slightly oval) low’$ (Hood, 1927). Male unknown ...... 16 (Ariz.,Colorado) ...... Sensory area on antennal segment V uittipetuzis oculatus (Hood), 1927 linear 18 ...... 21(20). Head deeply and closely cross-striate. 16(15). Antennal segment V definitely shorter Crossband on forewings approx- than IV. Sensory areas on III and IV imately in center in male (usually very short. All tarsi brown in female; absent in female). Male without front legs pale yellowish brown in claspers (see 18) (N. J., Ill., Term., male. Male with very small claspers Fla., D. C., N. M., Ariz., Utah, and without tergal projections on N Calif.) ...vittipennis Hood, 1912 and V (Texas) ...... Head less strongly striated. Crossband ...... hesperus Bailey, 1951 on forewings of female in center and complete (see also 11). Tarsi all Antennal segment V (0.090 mm.) about blackish brown. Male unknown (Mex- as long as (0.084.). Antennal IV ico) mexicanus Priesner, 1924 segments V-IX pale grayish brown. ... All tarsi blackish brown. Forewings 22(19). Antennal segments III and IV pale 7.6 times as long as greatest width. yellowish brown ...... 23 Maleunknown...... 17 Antennal segments III yellowish white, IV dark brown, lighter towards base, 17(16). Scale of forewing brown. Head strongly pedicel blackish brown .....24 cross-striate (New York)...... pallidicomis Hood, 1938 23(22). Gossband on forewing throughout its Scale white. Head not deeply striate width extending to costal margin. (Calif.) . .occidentalis Bailey, 1951 The longitudinal band not reaching 18(15). All tarsi uniformly brown. Antennal tip of wing. Scale of wing dark at base. “Antennal segment V as long segments light brown, V V-IX as or somewhat shorter” (from yellowish brown in basal part, basal IV Priesner’s unpublished Male half of light yellowish III notes). IV brown, unknown (Ontario, N. N. J., Ill.) with brown ring at tip. Band fore- Y., on ...... vittatm Haliday, 1936 wing in some specimens with tend- Gossband not extending to costal ency to form crossband in center (see margin and not broadly defined. 21). Head deeply and closely cross- Longitudinal band tapers toward the striate. Male without claspers, wing tip and barely reaches it. Scale tergites without projections (D. C., clear white. “Antennal segment V N. J., Fla., Ill., Ariz., Calif., N. M., much shorter than (fiom Pries- Tern., Utah). vittipemis Hood,’ 1912 IV” ner’s unpublished notes). Male un- Basal part of fore and middle tarsi and known (hid., Va., Ill.) ...... distal end of fore tibia yellow (Calif., ...... crcLIssm Hood, 1912 Utah, Ariz.) ...... uiitipennis yosemiZae (Moulton), 1929 24(22). Gossband on forewing in distal half (Calif.). . metacrrrcifer Bailey, 1951 19(III). Sensory area on antennal segment V Gossband on forewing in basal half linear 20 ...... 25 Sensory area on antennal segment V ...... circular or oval ...... 22 25(24). Antennae with long, brown setae, particularly prominent segments 20( 19). Longitudinal band on forewing continu- on III, IV, and V. Segment IV, 0.107 ing broadly the entire length of wing 91 mm. long. Fosterior margin of pro- ...... LA notum with heavy spines. Male with Longitudinal band in basal proximal or claspers, accessory thorn, and tergal part narrowing to ring vein. Scale projections (Calif., Ore., Wn., Utah) dark. “Tarsi pale, fore pair in basal ...... nuci/er Hood, 1935 Antennae lacking heavy, dark pubes- ‘Synonyms: frorideTlSrs Watson, 1916, and yosemitae cence. Segment IV, 0.075 mm. long. Moulton, 1929. Posterior margin of pronotum without 154 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY heavy spines. Male with claspers but I dark brown. Fore tibiae and tarsi without tergal projections (Nev., light brownish .yellow, particularly Utah, N. Y., Calif.) ...... in male. Forewings reduced to ...... harfleyi Moulton, 1927 distinct stubs, in female usually with smoky crossband (B. C., Ore., 26(IV). Head prolonged in front of eyes. Distal Calif.) part of tibiae, and all tarsi Wn., ...... all awicestus Treherne, 1919 yellowish white. Antennal segments ..... I11 and IV white. Male without 30(28). Antennal segment I1 yellow, at least in claspers (D. C., N. 3.) ...... distal half. Body and all legs in versicolor form sirnilis Priesner, 1919 female dark brown (fore tibiae some- Head not prolonged. Fore tibiae at tip times mottled), yellow in male with and fore tarsi only, yellowish brown fore tibia mottled. Wing pads color- Antennal segment I11 and basal third less (Calif., Wyo.) ...... or fourth of IV white. Male unknown ... auricestus (unicolorous form) (Ontario, N. Y., Md., D. C., N. J., Antennal segment I1 brown . . , . . 31 Va., Ill., Calif., H,, Mont., Ore., N. 31(30). Forewing pad with smoky crossband. Wn., B. C., Idaho, Mich., Mo., Colo.) melaleucus Haliday, 1852 Male unknown (Calif.) ...... terrestris Bailey, 1951 27(V). Longitudinal band interrupted in center Forewing pad minute and colorless. by an irregular clear area; without Male with claspers but without tergal crossbands. Antennal segment I11 projections (Calif. ) ...... mottled with brown rather than ...... clarus Bailey, 1951 gradually shading from dark to light basally. Male unknown (Utah). ... Aeolotkrips auricestus Treherne ..... interruptus Bailey, 1951 Part of longitudinal band lying in distal AeoZotMps auricestus Treherne, 1919. Canad. half of forewing not connected with Ent., 51(&9): 184-185, pi. XV, figs. 6, 7, pl. crossband which is in second fourth. XVI, fig. 1. Antennal segment 111 clear yellowish Aeebthtips awr'cestus, Bailey, 1949. Canad. Ent., white with brown ring at up. Male 81(6):153-15& 1951. Hilgardia, 21(2):51. figs. 3, unknown (Calif.) ...... 19, 34, 55. - - a . montanus Bailey, 1951 Location of type: Canadian National Museum, No. 353. 28(VI). Body bicolorous ...... 29 Type locality: Vernon, B.C. Body unicolorous ...... 30 Geographic range: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California. 29(28). Abdominal segment I deeply cross- Discussion: This thrips is found chiefly grasses stritate in female and reticulate at on in and around mountain meadows and appears to sides in male. Abdominal segments be predaceous as are its relatives. The bright 11-I11 or 11-IV yellow, terminal seg- yellow and black bicolorous condition makes it ments yellow in female. Antennal easily recognizable when collecting. Mixed segments I and 11 yellow, I shaded populations with the unicolorous. however, with brown at base (female with only form, do occur. Brachypterous forms are common. tip 111 brown). Male without of California records: claspers. Forewings reduced to Modoc Co.: Altucas, V-24-49; Willow Ranch, minute colorless pads, usually not V-24-49; Goose Lake, V-24-49. visible (Mass., N. Y., N. J., Ill., Siskiyou Co.:, V-10-54, grass (0. G. Iowa, Ontario) ...... Bacon)...... albin'nctus Haliday, 1836 Abdominal segment I sparsely cross striatereticulate in female (very Aeolothrips breuicaudrr Hood sparse or none in male). Abdominal segments 11-IV yellow or lighter Aeolotbrips brevicadra Hood, 1935. Trans. Amer. brown than remainder, terminal seg Ent. Soc., 61:105-106, pl. IU, fig. 4. ments dark brown. Antennal segment Aeolotbrips brwicauda. Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, II yellow, shaded to brown at base, 21(2):52-53. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 155 Location of type: Cornell University. Aeolothrips crucifer Hood Type locality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Discussion: This small species appears to be rare. Aeolothrips ktavamii var. crucifer Hood, 1935. California records: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 61:104-105, pl. 111, fig. Inyo Co.: Big Fine Creek, 8,000?, V-13-47, 5. sweeping grass nr. pool (R. M. Bohart). Aeolotbrips crucifer, Bailey and Knowlton, 1949. Mono Co.: Nr. Coleville along Walker River, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 51(5):231. V-18-47, flowering shrub (R. M. Bohart); Mammoth, A eolotkrips crucifer. Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, VIII-5-36, Mentha sp. (R. M. Bohart). 21(2):54-55, pl. 3, fig. 13. Tehama Co.: Deer Creek, Potato Patch Camp, Location of type: Cornell University. VI-549, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). Type locality: Korbel, California. Geographic range: Utah, Washington, Oregon, Aeolothrips brunneipictus Bailey California. Discussion: Usually collected in flowers of native Aeolothrips bmnneipictus Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, shrubs in the spring in company with Aeo- 21(2):53, pl. 8, fig. 70. lothrips kuwanaii. Location of type: University of California, Davis. California records: Type locality: Green River, Utah. Contra Costa Co.: Russellman Park, Mt. Diablo, Geographic range: Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, IV-8-36, sweeping; h4t. Diablo, VI-29-51, chamise California. flrs. Discussion: This western species is closely El Dorado Co.: Camino, 3,400: V-12-37, Cea- related to Ae. nasiurtii from which it can be told nothus. by the yellow abdominal segments I1 and 111. Humboldt Co.: Korbel, VII-28-27, Sambucus flrs. California records: (J. D. Hood, C.U.). Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, VI-5-39, sweeping Kern Co.: Greenhorn Mts., W-22-49, Prunus grass nr. water. (R. M. Bohart). Fresno Co.: Fresno, VII-5-39, sweeping grass on Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass ditch bank. on ditch bank. Lassen Co.: Pit River, VI-15-47, Chrysothamnus (E. 0. Essig). Aeolothrips clatus Bailey Mariposa Co.: El Portal, Yosemite Valley,V- 18-38, sweeping grass; Indian Flat, V-23-38, Aeolothtips clams Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, 21(2): sweeping (R. M. Bohart). 53-54, pl. 1, fig. 1. Mono Co.: Mammoth, VIII-1936, mint (R. M. Lucation of type: University of California, Davis. Bohart). Type locality: Mt. St. Helena, California. Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, IV-2636, Ceanothus. Geographic range: California. Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, VII-5-39, sweeping; Discussion: This brachypterous species is found in Penryn, III-12-35, Ceanothus; Emigrant Gap, VI- small numbers and very locally in association 1&36, Ceamtbus. with the plant, Gdium sp. (bedstraw). Shasta Co.: Mt. Lassen Natl. Park, VII-3-37 California records: (S. R. Moyer). Contra Costa Co.: Russellman Park, Mt. Diablo, San Mateo Co.: Woodside, VI-24-24, toyon berry IV-8-36, sweeping grass. (D. Moulton). Lake Co.: Upper Lake, Clear Lake, V-14-47, Solano Co.: Fairfield, IV-16-37, Prunus; Mix grass on ditch bank. Canyon, IV-30-39, pass under wild grape; Bates Madera Co.: Miami Lodge, 3,000: V-27-38, Canyoc, V-4-39, Sambucus flrs.; Mix Canyon, III- sweeping grass. 6-36, Ceanothus; Fakfield, 111-11-36, nectarine. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, sweeping. Tehama CO.: Deer Creek, VI-5-49, sweeping Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, IV-27-39, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). grass. Tulare Co.: Camp Nelson, IV-2651, Ceanothus. Placer Co.: Newcastle, IV-1-47, grass under live Yolo Co.: Davis, V-5-31, Ceanothus. Oak. Solano Co.: Fairfield, 111-2036, sweeping grass Aeoiothdps duvali Moulton and IV-7-39, Galium sp.; Mix Canyon, IV-11-39, sweeping; Gordon Valley, In-27-36, grass. Aeolothrips dwali Moulton, 1927. Bull. Brooklyn. Yolo Co.: Rumsey, IV-11-36, sweeping. Ent. SOC., 22:186. 156 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Aeolothrips duuali, Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, 21(2): predaceous thrips. It is referred to frequently as 55-56, pl. 4, fig. 22, pl. 5, fig. 30, pl. 7, fig. 59. the “banded-wing thrips.” Location of type: Moulton collection, holotype 9, California .records: The following records are NO. 746, allotype, No. 746, California Academy representative only. The species has been found of Science. throughout the state. Type locality: Bastrop, Texas. Colusa Co.: Nr. Grizzly Springs Lake, Colusa Geographic location: Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Highway, V-14-47, grass; Arbuckle, IV-23-41, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, chamise flrs. California, and Mexico. Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, IV-8-36, sweep- Discussion: Widespread in Southwest. Very similar ing grass. to Aeolo. fasciatus but with darker antennae and Inyo Co.: Bishop Creek, 8,400’, VIII-2-36, wild broader wings. buckwheat (R. M. Bohart). California records: Kern Co.: Techachapi Pass, IV-10-36 (R. M. Alpine Co.: Winnemucca Lake, VIII-17-49 (R. M. Bohat). B ohart). Lake Co.: Upper Lake; Clear Lake, V-14-46, Colusa Co.: Grizzly Springs, Colusa Highway, grass on ditch bank. V-14-46, chamise flrs. Los Angeles Co.: El Monte, IX-30-31, grass. Inyo Co.: Daylight Pass, 111-14-47, shaking wild Marin Co.: Stinson’s Beach, VIII-3-49, grass. firs. (A. T. McClay); Westgaard Pass, V-18-47, Modoc CO.: Willow Ranch, V-24-49, Prun~sflrs. sweeping (R. M. Bohart); Bishop Creek, 8,400’, Monterey Coo: Arroyo Seco (near Jamesburg), VIII-2-36, buckwheat (R. M. Bohart). V-26-50, grass. Kern Co.: Tehachapi Pass, N-10-36, tarweed Placer CO.: Newcastle, N-1-47, grass under (R. M. Bohart); El Paso Mts., IV-19-49, desert flrs. live oak; Donner Lake, VI-13-36, sage. LOS Angeles co.: Griffith Park, V-14-32, Riverside CO.: Idyllwild, w-7-39, Ericameria chamise. pinifolia (R. M. Bohart); Palm Springs, 111-25-37, Modoc Co.: Chimney Rock (nr. Alturas), V-24-49, joshua (R. M. Bohafi); Palm Canyon, IV-15-38, Ceanothus; Willow Ranch, V-24-49, grass and sweeping (R. M. and G-E. Bohart). Prunus flrs. San Joaquin Co.: Lodi, IV-4-40, 9,almond hull Plumas Co.: Blahden, VII-15-49, misc. sweep- on tree. ing (R. M. Bohart). Santa Clara Co.: Gilroy, VII-14-36, tomato. Riverside Co.: Morongo Canyon, IV-13-30, Rhus Sonoma Co.: Knight’s Valley, IV-13-36, sweep- sp. (R. M. Bohart); Palm Springs, 111-25-37, Joshua ing. tree flrs. (R. M. Bohart); Palm Canyon, IV-15-38, sweeping (R. M. and G. E. Bohart). Aeolothrips fuscus Watson San Diego Co.: Potrero, IV-26-49, sweeping. San Joaquin Co.: Vernalis, VIII-16-35, rosin- Aeolothrips fuscw Watson, 1931. Univ. Okla. weed. Biol. Surv., 3(4): 340-41. Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Pl., San Jose, IV- Aeolothrips /uscus, Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, 21(2): 26-49, sweeping grass; San Jose, VI-6-10, monkey 57, pl. 1, fig. 6, pl. 5, fig. 37, pl. 6, fig. 56. flrs. (P. R. Jones). Location of type: University of Florida. Type locality: Near Sayre, Beckham Comty, Oklahoma. Aeolothrips fasciatus Linn; Geographic location: Oklahoma, Utah, Arizona, (Pl. 17,’fig. 2) Nevada, California. Discussion: Very little is known about this Thrips fasciatus Linn;, 1761. Fauna Svecica, western species. p. 266; Linn;, 1767, Systema Naturae, p. 743. California records: For reviews of synonymy refer to: Uzel (1895), Modoc Co.: Canby, VII-13-50, sweeping grass Hinds (1902), Priesner (1926, 1948), and Bailey (R. M. Bohart). (1951). Mono Co.: Mammoth, VII-22-26, sage (R. M. Location of type: Unknown to me. Bohart); Rock Creek, VII-20-36, 8,000: sweeping Type locality: Probably north-central Europe. (R. M. Bohart). Geographic location: nearly world-wide. Through- San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-20-49, beat- out North America, Hudson Bay to Florida and ing sage; Cajon Pass, N-24-49, Ceanothus. Mexico. Sierra Co.: Webber Lake, VIII-25-46, sweeping Discussion: One of the most generally known (R. M. Bohart). THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 157

Aeolothips hartleyi Moulton California records: The following are representa- tive: Aeolotbrips hartleyi Modton, 1927. Bull. Brooklyn Colusa Co.: Grizzly Springs Lake, Colusa High- Ent. SOC., 22:185-86. way, V-14-46, chamise flrs. Aeolotbips hmtleyi, Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, IV-8-36, sweep- 21(2):57-58, pl. 3, fig. 14, pl. 5, fig. 42, pl. 6, ing; Mt. Diablo, IV-12-35, Ceanothus. fig. 52. El Dorado Co.: Camino, V-12-37, Ceanothus. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, Humboldt Co.: Korbel, VII-28-27, Sambucus No. 856, allotype, No. 860, California Academy racemosa flrs. (J. D. Hood, C.U.) of Science. Inyo Co.: Daylight Pass, III-14-47, shaking wild Type locality: Cranberry Lake, N. Y. flrs. (A. T. McClay). Geographic location: New York, Utah, Nevada, Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass California. on ditch bank; Bartlett Springs, VI-10-36, Cea- Discussion: The records of this species indicate it nothus. is much more widely distributed than formerly Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, Artemesia (D. L. realized. Crawford); Los Angeles; El Monte, V-25-32, California records: Sakbucus sp. Inyo Co.: Westgaard Pass, 7,276: V-18-47, Mono Co.: Mammoth, VIII-19-36, mint (R. M. sweeping (R. M. Bohart). Bohart). Marin Co.: Vm-19-37, sweeping (F. Andre). Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, sweeping Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass, V-24-49, sweeping. grass. Mono Co.: Mammoth Lake, VIII-5-36, mint (R. M. Placer Co.: Auburn, IV-27-39, grass sweeping Bohart). (S. F. Bailey and F. Andre); Emigrant Gap, VI-18- Nevada Co.: Deer Creek, Potato Patch Camp, 36, Ceanothus. VII-5-49, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). Riverside Co.: Beaumont, V-6-43, beating (R. M. Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, 1937, grass (F. Andre). Bohart). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-20-49, San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-24-49, manzanita. Ceanothus. Sierra Co.: Webber. Lake, VIII-25-46, sweeping San Diego Co.: Chula Vista, V-7-49, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). (R. M. Bohart); Vista, VII-2-35, toyon. Santa Barbara Co.: Gaviota Pass, N-24-51, toyon (S. F. Bailey and R. M. Bohart). Aeolotbrips kuwanaii Moulton Santa Cruz Co.: Hecker Pass, TV-17-36, grass. Shasta Co.: Lassen Park, VII-3-37, Aeolothips kuwanaii Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. manzanita (S. Moyer). Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 47-48, pl. R. I, figs. 5-8. Aeolothrips kuwanaii var. robustus. Ibid., p. 48. Aeotothrips metaleucus Haliday Aeolothrips longiceps. D. L. Crawford, 1909. Fomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 1:lOl-103, fig. 46, Aeolotbrips melaleucus Haliday, 1852. Walker, A-G. Homop. Ins. Brit. Mus., pp. 1, 117. Ftanklinothrips longiceps. Bagnall, 1913. Trans. Aeolothrips melaluecus, Bailey. 1951. Hilgardia, 2d International. Congr. Em. (Oxford, 1912), 21(2):60-61, pl. 4, fig. 27, pl. 5, fig. 35. p. 397. Location of type: Unknown to me, probably British Aeolotbips kwnaii, Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, Museum. 21(2):59, figs. 4, 45, 58, 64, 71. Type locality: Unknown to me, probably central Location of type: Moulton collection. Lectotype, Europe. 9, No. 7, allotype, No. 8 (Bailey, 1951), Cali- Geographic location: Eutope; Canada, northeastern fornia Academy of Science. U. S., and Missouri, Michigan, Illinois, Colo- Type locality: Saratoga, California. rado, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Geographic location: British Columbia, Washing California. ton, Oregon, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Cali- Discussion: This species appears much less fornia. common in the western states. It is easily Discussion: This is a common species in the far mistaken for jasciatus when collected. western states in the spring. It is found chiefly California record: in the blossoms of flowering shrubs. Stanislaus Co.: Empire, VI-1-49, peach foliage. 158 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Aeolotkrips nretacrucifer Bailey California records: Calaveras Co.: Chili Gulch, VIII-17-49, beating Aeolothrips metacmcifet Bailey. 1951. Hilgardia, WiIlOW. 21(2):61, pl. 3, fig. 17. Contra Costa Co.: Antioch VI-5-39, sweeping Location of type: University of California, Davis. watergrass; Mt. Diablo, IV-8-36, grass. Type locality: Vacaville, California. El Dorado Co.: Coloma, VII-18-39, sweeping Geographic location: California. grass; Kyburz, 111-20-39, sweeping grass. Discussion: This thrips appears to have the same Fresno Co.: Fresno, VII-5-39, sweeping grass on habits as kuwanaii. but at present has a very ditch bank; Cherry Gap, 5,900’, VIII-3-50, sweep- restricted distribution. ing. California records: Kern Co.: Isabella, IV-19-49, sweeping meadow. Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, V-29-51, beating; Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass. V-22-54, buckeye flrs. (R. M. Bohart). Los Angeles Co.: Griffith .Park, V-14-32, San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-20-49, chamise. Ceanothus flrs. Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, VII-748, Aralia Solano Co.: Vacaville, V-29-49, buckeye flrs. californica. (A. T. McClay); Cordelia, V-2&;19, buckeye flrs. Madera Co.: N. Chowchilla, IX-15-39, sweeping grass. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-31-38, sweep- AeoZotbrips rnontanvs Bailey ing grass; Wawona, V-31-36, Ceanotbus. I Merced Co.: Snelling, VIIl-2-50, Typha sp., i AeoZotbrips montanus Bailey, 1951, Hilgardia, grass, oak. 21(2):62, pl. 3, fig. 16, pl. 7, fig. 65. Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass, 6,250‘, V-24-49, Location of type: University of California, Davis. sweeping. Type locality: Fandango Pass, Modoc County, Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco, V-26-50, sweeping. California. Nevada Co.: Nevada City, VI-2649, grass (R. M. Geographic location: California. Bohart). Discussion: This species is known at present only Placer Co.: Lincoln, 11-21-37, sweeping grass; from two high mountain passes on the eastern Dormer Lake, VI-19-36, sage. border of the state. Its distinct wing pattern Plumas Co.: Blakden, VII-15-49, misc. sweep- makes it easy to recognize. ing (R. M. Bohart). California records: Sacramento Co.: Galt, VII-6-39, watergrass. Modoc Co.: Fandango Pass, 6,250; V-24-49, Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, V-23-10, watercress sweeping grass (S. F. Bailey and R. M. Bohart). flrs. (p. R. Jones). Mono Co.: Sonora Pass, 9,000: VII-19-36, San Diego Co.: Jacumba, IV-26-49, sweeping sweeping wild flrs. (R. M. Bohart). (S. F. Bailey and H. E. Cott). Tuolumne Co.: Tuolumne Meadows, grass; Straw- berry, VIII-24-38, grass. Yo10 Davis, VIII-18-35), ex. alfalfa; Davis,’ Aeolothrips mzsturtii Jones Co.: VI-10-35, sweet corn; Davis, VI-13-36, sweeping lawn. Aeolothrips nasturrii Jones. 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, pp. 2-3, pl. I, figs. 1-4. Aeolothrips nitidus Moulton Franklinochrips nasturtii, Bagnall. 1913. Trans. 2d. International Cong. Ent., p. 397. Aeolothrips nitidus Moulton. 1946. Pan-Pac. Ent., Aeolothrips tuolumnei Moulton. 1927. Bull. 22(2): 59. Brooklyn Ent. SOC.,22:187. AeoZothrips nitidus. Bailey, 1951. Hilgardia, 21(2): Location of type: Cornel1 University. Mr. Jones 63, pl. 2, fig. 7, pl. 5, fig. 49. told me that many years ago he sent this and Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, other type specimens to Hood who had retained No. 3488, California Academy of Science. them. Type locality: MOSCOW, Idaho. Type locality: San Jose, California. Geographic location: Idaho, Utah, Oregon, Cali- Geographic location: Widespread in North America. fornia. Discussion: This species is common on grasses Discussion: This thrips is not at all common. It is during the summer months although not as easily told by the uniformly pale yellow or white abundant as lasciatus. color of antennal segments 111-IX. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 159 California record: Aeolothrips vittipennis, Bailey. 1951. Hilgardia, Inyo Co.: Bishop, VI-28-49, willow foliage 21(2):66, figs. 5, 9, 15, 47, 48, 60. (H. E. Cott). Location of type: Cornel1 University. Type locality: Topeka, Illinois. Aeolothips occidentalis Bailey Geographic location: The typical species appears to be more commonly found in the eastern Aeolothrips occidentalis Bailey. 1951. Hilgardia, states. Out records show collections from 21(2):63-64. widely separated states as follows: Arizona, Location of type: University of California, Davis. California, D. C., Florida, Illinois, N. J., N. M., Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California. Tenn., and Utah. Geographic location: California. Discussion: In the western area this species Discussion: This unusual form is a member of the appears to be variable. Bailey (1951) indicated vittipennis complex. It is separated from that vittipennis included two varieties, oculatus related species by the white scale at base of Hood and yosemitae Moulton. These forms forewing and the small circular sensory area on exhibit variations in coloration and wing par antennal segment V. terns. California record: California records : Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, V-17 and 31-38, grass. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-31-38, sweep- ing grass; VI-22-27, Ceanothus integerrimus (D. Aeolothips tewestris Bailey Moulton). Plumas Co.: Blairsden and Quiacy, VII-15 and- Aeolothrips terrestris Bailey. 195 1. Hilgardia, 16-49, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). 21(2):64-65, pi. 1, fig. 2. Ae. vittipennis yosemitae was taken together Location of type: University of California, Davis. with vittipennis in Mariposa County as indicated Type locality: Placerville, California. above. Geographic location: California. Discussion: This is the third brachypterous Genus Anapbothn'ps Uzel species known to us; the others are auricestus and clarus. This species has a dark band on the Antennae eight-segmented or nine-segmented; a forewing stub and the first two antennal seg- partial or total cleavage of segment VI results in a ments are dark brown. three-segmented style in some cases. Sensory tri- California records: chomes simple or forked. Ocelli missing in apter- Contra Costa Co.: Russellman Park, Mt. Diablo, ous forms. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Protho- IV-8-36, sweeping grass. rax and wings usually without strongly developed El Dorado Co.: Placerville, IV-13-47, live oak setae. Legs without spines or claws. Wings macrop- leaves among grass. terous, brachypterous, or absent. Two longi- Lake Co.: Upper Lake, Clear Lake, grass on tudinal veins on forewings. Ovipositor present. ditch bank. Males smaller than females often with thornlike Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, sweeping. setae on posterior abdominal segments. Placer Co.: Newcastle, IV-1-47, grass under live Anupbothtips species are generally grass- and oak. sod-inhabiting thrips. They are not strong fliers. Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, IV-26-49, In some seasons, when very abundant, they cause sweeping; Palo Alto, IV-27-49, grass. injury to small grains and grasses, especially Solano Co.: Fairfield, IV-23-41, grass under when the latter are grown for seed. The species oaks; Fairfield, 111-20-36, sweeping grass; Gordon are more numerous along the coast than in the Valley, 111-27-36, sweeping grass. interior. Yo10 Co.: Rumsey, IV-11-36, sweeping. Key to the California Subgenera' Aeolothips vittipennis Hood of Anaphothrips

Aeolothrips vittipennis Hood. 1912. Proc. Ent. 1. Body heavily reticulated ...... SOC. Wash., 14:123-30, pl. IV, figs. 1, 2. . . .Prosopoanaphothrzps Moulton, 1926 Aeolothrips /loridensis Watson. 1916. Ent. News, Body not heavily reticulated . . , . , 2 27:126-27. Aeolothrips yosemite Moulton, 1929. Pan-Pac. *There are revisional manuscripts in press by other Ent., 5( 3):125-27. authors that will change the status of these categories. 160 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 2(1). Abdominal tergites 11-VIII with comb, Comb on posterior margins of abdominal complete on VI1 and VI11 ...... tergites VI-VI11 developed into large . . . Odontanapbotbrips Moulton, 1926 teeth. Bicolorous. Macropterous only Abdominal tergites without comb on seg ...... tricolor Moulton, 1911 ments 11-VIII, at most with comb or

fringe of hairs on VI11 , , e . . . . 3 Anaphothrips longipennis D. L. Crawford (Pl. 22, fig. 43) 3(2). Antennal segment VI without line of frag-

mentation . . . I . . . . . ~ . . . . . ~h~~~~~~h~~hn'~~priesner,1926 Anaphothrips longipennis D. L. Crawford. 1910. Antennal segment VI with a line of cleav- Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 2:150-152, fig. 62 age visible in majority of specimens A-D. Anophothips zeae Moulton. 1911. U.S.D.A., Bur. . - .Anupbothrips, s. str., mler, 1776 Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 21, p. 41, figs. 31-34. Anaphothtips zeae Jones. 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Key to California Species of Anaphothrips Ent., Tech. Set., No. 23, pt. I, p. 15. Scirtothrips longipennis, Karny. 1912. 2001. Ann.. 1. Body heavily reticulated . . . . , . , . 4:334...... reticulatus Moulton, 1907 Anaphothrips crawfordi Priesner, 1932. Bull. Soc. Body not heavily reticulated . . . . . 2 ~0~.Ent. Egypt., 25 (3):152. snsory uichoms on antennal segments Anqhthn'ps longipennis, Bailey, 1944. Pan- 111 and N forked, very long and slender Pac. Ent., 20(3):86...... orchidii Moulton, 1907 Location of type: Canadian National Museum. Type locality: Claremont, California. Sensory trichomes on antennal segments 111 and either simpleor forked but not Geographic location: south Dakota, Utah, Idahos long and slender ...... 3 Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, California. Discussion: This western species is apt to be Body short, broad, wingless species. . 4 confused with obscurus (Mdler) but can be told Body not short and broad; usually macrop- by the longer interncellar and pronotal setae terous but having brachypterous and and the simple sensory trichome on antennal apterous forms ...... 5 segment 111. No truly brachypterous forms are known. Wingless females are common and only Setae on head and pronotum reduced; those macropterous males are known me. On dorsum Of segment very It should be pointed out that Kamy (1912) short and thick* No bicolorous amsferred A. longinanis to Scirtothfips in- secticornis (Trybom), 1896 ...... correctly. S. longipennis (Bagn.) 1909 was Setae on head and pronocum all about same transferred from Euthrips to Scirtothrips by length, not reduced; those On Of Hood (1914). Priesner (1932) renamed Craw- abdomen not reduced. Bicolorous forms ford's species crau/lorahi in the genus Scirto- common * - Moulton, thtips (because of the homonymy) without Antennae 8-segmented ...... having seen type material. After this confusing ...... minutus Moulton, 1929 and fruitless journey the species should return Antennae appearing 9-segmnted as a to its original status in which the original result of cleavage of segment VI . . 6 author comectJY Placed it- California records: The following are representa- Pronotum without conspicuous setae. tive: Sensory trichomes forked On Alpine Co.: c-mson Pass, VII-1-36, wild flrs. segments I11 and IV ...... Amador Co.: Ione, VI-8-39, grass. * ' * * ' * * * Obscunrrs (M31er)* 1776 El Dorado Co.: Bijou, VIII-23-50, grass; Co- Pronotum with prominent setae, 1 at each loma, vII-18-39, gtass. posterior, outer angle longer than others. Fresno Co.: Visalia, V-21-10 (P. R. Jones); Sensory trichome antennal segment III on Fresno, VII-5-39, grass; nr. Cherry Gap, vn1-3-50, simple and forked on IV ...... sweeping. Comb present and normal only on posterior Imperial coo: BOnd's corner, xI-26-48, me* tergite of abdominal segment VIII. Not quite (F-Me Summers). bicolorous. Apterow forms common . . . Kern Co.: Shaker, V-21-41, Atriplex (R- E- . . . longipennis D. L. Crawford, 1910 Suggett). THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEXEBRANTIA 16 1 Lake Co.: Bartlett Springs, VI-10-36, chamise; by the small bristles on the head and pronotum, Upper Lake, V-14-46, grass. the dusky forewings, and the forked trichome on Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, olive foliage in- the third antennal segment. No males are fested with black scale (D. L. Crawford). known. Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-7-35, sweeping California records: grass. Colusa Co.: Grizzly Springs Lake, V-14-46, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-24-38, grass. sweeping grass. Contra Costa Co.: Russellman Park, Mt. Diablo, Merced Co.: Merced, VU-5-39, bermuda grass IV-8-36, grass. and Echinochloa crusgalli, sweeping. Fresno Co.: Cherry Gap, VIII-3-50, sweeping. Modoc Co.: Hot Cteek, VIII-1-36 (R. M. Bohart); Lake Co.: Clear Lake, V-10-51, sweeping. Chimney Rock, V-24-49, Cemotbus. Marin Co.: Bolinas, IV-25-47, grass (R. M. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, V-7-36, grass. Bohart). Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, V-25-10, locust (P. Modoc Co.: Alturas (Chimney Rock), V-24-49. R. Jones). Nevada Co.: Deer Creek, VI-26-49, grass (R. Shasta Co.: Manzanita Lake, VII-22-47, grass. M. Bohart). Sonoma Co.: Sebastopol, V-11-35, sweeping (A. Placer Co.: Donner Lake, VI-19-36, sweeping T. McClay); Skaggs Is., VII-30-5 1, oats. grass; Lake Tahoe, VII-23-38, grass. Tehama Co.: Government Flat, VII-19-50, Ceano- Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, IV-27-39, barley thus. (S. F. Bailey and F. Andre). Tulare Co.: Porterville, 1-16-36, lichen on fig Shasta Co.: Manzanita Lake, VII-22-47, grass. tree; Stony Creek, VI-25-48 (A. T. McClay). Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, VII-17-51, sweeping. Tuolumne Co.: Confidence, VII-17-51, sweeping. Yo10 Co.: Davis, VI-8-41, foxtail, VI-10-35, Anaphotbrips minutus Moulton sweet corn, XII-17-35, dandelion, IV-20-48, fes- cue, and VI-1953, rice (S. T. Miyagawa). Anaphothrips minutus Moulton. 1929. Pan-Pac. Eat., 5(3):127-128. Ampbothrips olchidii (Moulton) Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, No. 2448, California Academy of Science. Euthrips orchidii Moulton. 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. Type locality: Poaerville, California. Em., Tech. Ser., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 52, 53, Geographic location: California. pl. 11, figs. 15-18. Discussion: This species is known only from the Pbysofhrips orchidii, Karny. 1912. 2001. Ann., original collection. It is very close to ariz- 4:339. onensis Morgan, 1913. Anaphothrips orchiliii Priesner. 1926. Thys. California record: Eur., pp. 204-206. Tulare Co.: Porterville, X-5-27, Eupborbia Chaeimapbothrips orcbidii, Hood. 1954. Proc. albomarginata (E. A. McGregor, C.A.S.). Biol. Soc. Wash., 67:216-217. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii, Sakhura. 1955. Proc. Hawaii. Ent. Soc., 15(3):597-598. Anaphotbrips obscurus (Maler) Location of type: Moulton collection. Lectotype (Pl. 21, fig. 37) 9, designated by Hood, 1954, without number, California Academy of Science. Thrips obswa 0. F. xdler. 1776. 2001. Dan. Type locality: Fruitvale, California. Pmdrom, p. 96. Geographic location: Europe, Puerto Rico, Hono- Anapbothrips obscuncs, Priesner. 1919. Stz. Ak. lulu, Formosa, Japan, Dutch Guiana, Honduras, Wiss. Wien., 128121. The complete synonymy New York, . District of Columbia, Kentucky, may be found in Priesner’s *‘Thysanopteren Florida, California. Eutopas,” pp. 183-185. Discussion: This thrips appears to be principally Location of type: Unknown to me. a greenhouse species. The very long slender Type locality: Unknown to me. forked sensory trichomes on antennal segments Geographic location: Europe, .Australia, and III and IV, and the small dark-colored wings widespread in North America. readily characterize it. Discussion: This turf-inhabiting thrips is not as California record: abundant in the western states as IonRioennis.-_ Alameda Co.: Friutvale, greenhouse orchids It may be separated from this related species (0., E. Bremner). 162 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Anaphothrips ret iculatus (Moulton) California records: (Pl. 20, fig. 29) Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, IV-2G49, beating oak; Berkeley, XII-6-30, weeds; Berkeley, V-9- Sericothrips reticulatus Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., 36, grass (A. T. McClay).’ Bur. Ent., Tech. Set., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 50-51, Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, 11-4-47, sweeping pl. I, figs. 9-10. (R. M. Bohart). Anaphothrips reticulatus, Moulton. 1926. Pan-Pac. Kern Co.: Shafter, V-21-41, Atriplex (R. E. Ent., 3( 1):22-23. Suggen). Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-1446, grass. 9, no number, allotype, No. 569, California Marin Co.: Mt. Tarnalpais, VII-7-48, grass, Academy of Science. under oak; Stinson Beach, VIII-3-49, dead grass; Type locality: Stanford University, Pdo Alto, Bolinas, IV-25-47, grass (R. M. Bohart). Cali fo mia. Mendocino Co.: Philo, VII-19-49, grass; Fort Geographic range: California. Bragg, VII-19-49, sweeping. Discussion: This heavily reticulated thrips is Monterey Co.: Big Sur, 111-2040, grass (R. L. wingless, without ocelli, and is M inhabitant Usinger; Carme1 Valley, V-26-50, dead Bac- of sod. In the spring it is found on grass blades chams; Castroville, V-25-49 (W. H. Lange). and seed heads but later retires to the crowns, Napa Co.: Calistoga, 111-23-39, grass. stools, and roots. Sacramento Co.: Galt, 111-8-36, grass. California records: San Luis Obispo Co.: Oceano, IV-24-51, sweep- Alameda Co.: Niles Canyon, IV-26-69, beating ing; Edna, IV-24-51, wild oats (R. M. Bohart). oak. San Mateo Co.: San Mateo, IX-1653, oak leaf Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, IV-8-36, sweep- mold (E. M. Evans). ing; Antioch, 11-4-47? sweeping (R. M. Bohart). Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, 1904, grass (S. M. Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, 111-2-10, grass (P. Daniel); Palo Alto, 111-2149, grass (W. W. Middle R. Jones); Stanford University, IV-27-49, grass; kauff); Stanford University, IV-27-49, grass; San Alum Rock Park, IV-26-49, grass. Jose, V-1-39, prickly lettuce (L. M. Smith); SM San Luis Obispo Co.: Atascadero Cr., IV-23-51, Jose, 111-2410, weeds(P. R. Jones, C.A.S.). sweeping (R. M. Bohart); SM Luis Obispo, IV- Sonoma Co.: McDonald Creek, 111-10-36, sweep- 24-51, wild oats. ing grass. Solanco Co.: Vacaville, 111-2-48, grass under oak; Fairfield, IV-7-39, grass; Fairfield, IV-4- A napbothrips stanfordii (Moulton) 47, grass under live oak. Yo10 Co.: Rumsey, IV-11-36, sweeping grass. Sericothrips stanfordii Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 12, pt. III, p. 52, pl. 11, fig. 11. AtPapbothrips secticornis (Trybom) Anaphothrips stanfordii, Moulton, 1926. Pan-Pac. Ent., 3( 1):23. Thrips secticornis Trybom, 1896. ufvers K- Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Vetensk. Akad. F&h., No. 8, p. 620. 8, No. 539, “type” 9, no number, California Sericothrips apteris Daniel, 1904. Ent. News, Academy of Science. 15:295. The detailed synonymy is given by Type locality: Stanford University, Palo Alto, Hood, 1927, and Priesner, 1926. California. Location of type:Unknown to me. Geographic range: British Columbia, Washington, Type locality: Collection data on holotype (if Oregon, Wyoming, California. designated) unknown to me. Discussion; Like its relatives this wingless Geographic range: Europe, South America, British thrips is found on grasses and in sad in un- Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California. cultivated areas. Hood (1927) di,4 not mention Discussion: This common European species ap- this species when synonymizing S. apterk with pears at present to be limited in its North Amer- A. secticomis, but Moulton (1926) pointed out ican distribution to the Pacific Coast. Like its close relationship with secticomis. This the preceding form it is a grass inhabitant and form appears more variable than typical secti- wingless. Color variants are common in this comis, the setae on the head, pronotum, and country whereas the only European specimens tip of abdomen are larger, and some collections we have seen are uniformly dark brown. are strikingly bicolorous. THE THRlPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 16 3 California records: California records: Alarneda Co.: Berkeley, XII-6-30, weeds (S. F. Fresno Co.: Fresno, IX-16-38, Atriplex brac- Bailey and J. B. Steinweden). teosa; Firebaugh, VIII-2-50, Airiplex; Tranquility, Kern Co.: Shafter, V-21-41, Atriplex (R. E. VII-1-37, cotton (R. Upholt). Suggett). Imperial Co.: Coachella Valley, Enceliae Marin Co.: Muir Woods, IV-19-36, sweeping eriocephala, collector and data unknown. grass; Stinson Beach, VIII-3-49, grass; Bolinas, Kern Co.: Arvin VIH-18-36, Atriplex (G. L. iV-25-47, grass (R. M. Bohart). Smith). Monterey Co.: Castroville, V-25-49, sweeping Stanislaus Co.: Modesto, IX-1638, Atn'plex (W. H. Lange). bracteosa, and VIII-15-39, sweeping weeds. Napa Co.: Calistoga, III-23-39, grass under Tulare Co.: Visalia, goldenrod and orange maple; Napa, V-4-48, grass. foliage (P. R. Jones, C.A.S.). Sacramento Co.: Galt, LII-8-36, sweeping grass. San Diego Co.: Chula Vista, V-7-48, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). Genus Ankotbrips D. L. Crawford San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, V-16-34, pansy (J. B. Steinweden); San Francisco, VI-22 Ovipositor upturned. Wings broad and rounded at 29, Erigeron gluucu (H. H. Keifer). tip with two longitudinal veins in forewing and San Luis Obispo Co.: Pismo Beach, IV-24-51, cross veins. Antennae nine-segmented, terminal sweeping; San Luis Obisp, IV-24-51? wild oats. segments not fused, second segment produced San Mateo Co.: Pedro Val., VE11-36, artichokes apically in the form of a tooth. Sensory areas on (W. H. Lange). segments 111 and IV in the form of a transverse, Santa Clara Co.: Stantord University, VI-27-39, narrow band partly encircling segments at tip. grass; San Jose, 11-26-10, grass (P. R. Jones); Vertex of head produced anteriorly. Dorsum of Alum Rock Park, IV-26-49, grass; Palo Alto head and pronotum with prominent bristles. Ocelli (U.C.D. and C.A.S.). present. Maxillary palpi threesegmented and Santa Cruz Co.: Hecker Pass, IV-17-36, grass. labial palpi -segmented. Abdomen broadly Sonoma Co.: Healdsburg, In-10-36, sweepkg joined to thorax. Tarsal claws and tibial spurs grass; Vineburg, 111-10-36, grass. lacking. Males smaller than females, sometimes with heavy spines on the dorsum of terminal abdominal segments. Anaphothrips tricolor Moulton Ankothrips species are abundant in the early spring in the flowers of native shrubs. There is Anaphothrips tricolor Moulton, 1911. U.S.D.A., only one generation a year. The nymphs spin Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 21, pp. 41-42, pl. V, cocoons in the top soil beneath the host plants. figs. 35-38. Scirtothrips tricolor, Karny. 1912. Zool. Ann., 4:334. Key to the World Species of Ankothn'ps Anaphothrips enceliae Moulton. 1926. Pan-Pac. Ent., 3(1):24-25. l(10). Mouth cone very long and pointed, extend- Anupbothrips bicolor Moulton, 1926 (nec Morgan, ing considerably beyond posterior 1925~=flavicinctus Karny, 1913), lapsus calami margin of pronotum. Ovipositor very long enceliae. Pan-Pac. Ent., 3(1):24-25. . Subgenus Prionothrips Priesner . .10 Anaphothrips tricolor. Hood. 1935. Jour. N.Y. Mouth cone short and blunt, not extend- Ent. SOC.,43(2):157. ing beyond posterior margin of pro- Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype thorax ...... 8, No. 222a, C.A.S. . . . Subgenus Ankothrips s. str. . . 2 Type locality: Lindsay, Tulare County, Cali- 2(1). Projection on vertex over hanging base of fornia. antennae wider at base than at tip . . 3 Geographic location: California. Projection of vertex overhanging base of Discussion: This insect is found in the desert antennae with sides parallel . . . . 6 areas in large numbers on Afriplex in the late summer and fall. Both sexes are macropterous 3(2). Sensory areas on antennal segments I11 only. The abdominal tergites have a well- and IV very broad, about one-fifth the developed posterior comb. The orange, white, length of the segment and extending and dark brown variable coloration gave it the almost entirely around the segment. specific name. Projection on antennal segment I1 164 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

toothed or serrate on outer margin only Projection on vertex more slender with (W. No. Amer.) ...... sides straight. Pronotal bristles iam ...... yuccae Moulton, 1926 0.029 mm. Interocellar bristles 0.039 mm. Sensory areas on antennal segments I11 Color yellow to orange-yellow with and IV narrow and extending little bristles dark brown; abdominal see more than halfway around segment at ments 2-7 each with dark brown trans- tip ...... 4 verse line on anterior margin of ster- num (W. No. Amer.) ...... 4(3). Median postocular bristles very short ...... aequalis Moulton, 1926 (0.016 mm.) and with microsetae be- tween inner margin of eye and anterior lO(1). Ovipositor 0.637 mm. long. Head produced ocelIus strongly developed (W. No. in front of eyes and projection with Amer.) .....gracilis Moulton, 1926 sides nearly parallel. Antennal seg- Three postocular bristles well developed ments I and I1 light brown, remainder ...... 5 d ark-bro wn (Cyprus) ...... mawomoustakisi Pr., 1939 Posteriol-angular bristles (pa) on prono- ...... 5(4). Ovipositor 0.455 mm. long. Head scarcely turn 0.075 mm. long; sp bristles 0.052 produced in front of eyes and projec- mm.: with 3 strong lateral bristles on tion with base much wider than Up. pronotum (W. Amer.) No...... Antennal segment I light brown, re- ...... vandykei Moulton, 1928 mainder dark brown (Central Europe) . . Pa bristles 0.052 mm.; sp bristles absent; .....niezabitowskii (Shille), 1910 lateral bristles on pronotum weak or absent (W. No. Am-.) ...... diffractus Hood, 1924 Ankothrips aequalis Moulton Projection of vertex with a deep U-shaped notch at Up. Median postocular bristles Ankothrips aequdis Moulton. 1926. Pan-Pac. longer (0.072 mm.) than the inner or Ent., 3(1):20-21. outer ones. Midlateral bristle (ml) very Ankothrips aequalis, Bailey. 1940b. Pan-Pac. long (0.089 mm.) (So. Africa) ..... Ent., 16 (3):97-106. fissidens (Trybom), ...... 1910 Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Projection of vertex with shallow V- allotype, California Academy shaped notch 7 ?, No. 605 No. 605, ...... of Science. Type locality: Redwood City, California. 7(6). Projection on second antennal segment Geographic range: California, Washington. simple-without notches or serrations Discussion: This rare species appears to be onmargin ...... 8 represented only by seven specimens. Projection on second antennal segment California record: notched on 1 or both sides near tip . . San Mateo Co.: Redwood City, IV-18-26, Pnmus ...... 9 demissa (Dudley Moulton, C.A.S.). 8(7). All bristles on head and pronotum strongly developed; interocular bristles 0.069 pa bristles very long mm.). (0.115 Ankothrips gracilis Moulton Pronotum and parts of head, legs, and thorax golden-yellow (W. No. Amer.) ...... notabilis Bailey, 1940 Ank,otbrips gracilis Moulton, 1926. Pan-Pac. Ent., Bristles on head and pronotum moderately 3( 1): 19-20. well developed; interocular bristles Ankothrips gracilis, Bailey, 194Ob. Pan-Pac. Em., mm.; pa bristles mm. Body 16(3):97-106. 0.049 0.085 Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype uniform dark brown her.) (W. No. ... allotype, California Acad- robustus D. L. Crawford, 1909 9, No. 713, No. 713, .... emy of Science. 9(7). Projection on vertex slightly wider at Type locality: No collection data on type slides. base than at tip. Pronotal bristles iam The original description states the type mate- 0.023 mm. Interocellar bristles 0.046 mm. rial was taken “near Riverside and Mayfield, Color yellow tv vrange-brQwn * . . Calif.” ...... uandykei Moulton Geographic range: California. THE THRIPS OF CALIF0IRNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 165 Discussion: Widespread in chamise flowers and Location of type: Canadian National Museum. particularly abundant along the coastal moun- Type locality: Claremont, California. tains. There is one generation a year. Geographic range: Oregon, California. California records: Discussion: This Ankotbips, the type of the Colusa Co.: Arbuckle, V-7-40, chamise. genus, is the most common and widely distrib- Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo. uted representative of this western genus. Lake Co.: Bear Creek, VII-5-35, chamise It is found in the spring in flowers of native flowers (J. J. duBois); Bartlett Springs, VI-10- trees and shrubs. 36, chamise. California records: Los Angeles Co.: Tujunga, VI-16-32, chamise. Colusa Co.: 111-6-35, manzanita. Mariposa Co.: Briceburg, VI-3-38, chamise El Dorado Co.: Placerville, Prunus; Camino, flowers; Indian Flat, VI-3-38, chamise. V-14-37, Ceanothus. Monterey Co.: Near Jamesburg, V-26-50, Lake Co.: Kelseyville, IV-24-35, Ceanothus. chamise flrs. Los Angeles Co.: Claremont, Calif. laurel (D. Riverside Co.: Riverside, Adenostoma jascic- L. Crawford, C.N.M.). ulatum; Idyllwild, V-2-39, 5,000’ (M. A. Embury). Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, IV-17-35, Ceanothus. Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, V-27-37, chamise. Sari Bemardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-12-36, San Mateo Co.: Mayfield, VI-5-27, Adenostoma Ceanothus (R. M. Bohart). fasciculatum (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Santa Barbara Co.: Arroyo Seco, Arctostaphylos stanjordiana. Santa Clara Co.: Los Gatos, Cemothus (Dudley Ankothrips notabilis Bailey Moul ton). Santa Cruz Co.: Mt. Madrone, IV-22-37, Ceuno- Ankothrips notubilis Bailey, 1940b. Pan-Pac. thus (A. T. McClay). Ent., 16(3):102-103, pl. I. fig. 6, pl. 111, fig. 5. Solano GI.: Mix Canyon, 111-16-36, Ceanothus; Location of type: University of California, Davis. Mix Canyon, II-29-36, plum. Type locality: Mix Canyon, Solano County, Cali- fornia Geographic Range: California. Discussion: This distinctly colored species is Ankothrips yuccae Moulton found principally in the flowers of California Ankothrips yuccae Moulton, 1926. Trans Amer. laurel in the spring along &e banks of streams. There is only one brood a year. Ent. SOC., 52(2):113-121, pl. V, figs. 1-3. California records: Ankotbrips yuccae, Bailey. 194Ob. Pan-Pac. Ent., 16(3):97-106. Colusa Co.: Wilbur Springs, 1-29-35, manzanita. Angeles Co.: San Gabriel Canyon, IIE19- Location of type: Modton collection. Holotype Los $, No. 491, allotype, No. 491, California 39, flrs. of woody plants (A. W. Brereton).. Academy of Science. San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-12-36, Type locality: Fallbrook, Riverside County, Ceunothus (R. M. Bohart). San Diego Co.: Ramona, 111-1953 (H. H. Keifer). California. Geographic range: California. Santa Barbara CO.: Arroyo Seco, 11-28-32, Discussion: indicated by its specific name, Ceqothus. As Sonoma Co.: near Kellogg’s, 111-1939, laurel yuccae is found at present only in the flowers flowers . of Yucca whippZei in southern California in the Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, II-1940, laurel flrs.; spring. The nymph spins a cocoon in which to Mix Canyon, 11-29-36, manzanita and plum bios- pupate. soms; Gates Canyon, 11-15-48, sweeping grass California records: (A. T. McClay). Kern Co.: Kern Canyon, V-19-37, Yucca whip- plei flrs. Los Angeles Co.: Flintridge, VI-3-35, Yucca Ankothrips robustus D. L. Crawford whipp lei. (Pl. 17, fig. 4) Riverside Co.: Fallbrook, IV-8-34, Yucca whip- plei flrs. (A. Andre, C.A.S.); Fallbrook, VIII-4- Ankothn’ps robustus 0. L. Crawford. 1909. 25, yucca flrs. (E. 0. Essig, C.A.S.). Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., l(4):lOO-101, fig. 45, San Diego Co.: Pine Grove District, V-1-38, A-I . Yucca whipplei flrs. (H. H. Keifer). Ankothrips robustus, Bailey. 1940b. Pan-Pac. Ventura Co.: Fillmore, V-22-37, Yucca whip- Ent., 16 (3):97-106. plei (B. E. White). 166 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Genus Aptinotbtips Haliday Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, VIII-2-50, sweeping grass. Antennae six- or eight-segmented. Ocelli and wings Tulare Co.: Visalia, V-1-10, weeds (P. R. absent. Legs very short. Head small, longer tbn Jones). broad. All setae small and sparse. Maxillary palpi Tuolumne Co.: Hardin‘ Flat, VI-9-38, grass. three-segmented. Ovipositor downcunred. Male Yo10 Co.: Davis, XII-17-35, dandelion; Rumsey, smaller than female with two short heavy spines on IV-2-36, grass, the dorsum of the ninth abdominal segment. In North America this genus is found on grasses Aptinothrips tufw stylifera Trybom and in sod. In the spring and early summer adults and nymphs are found in the open on grass blades. Aptinothtips stylifera Trybom, 1894. Ent. Tidskr., I have not seen any male specimens. 15:41. Aptinothrips rufus f. stylifera, Priesner. 1922. Konowia, 1:77. Aptinotkips rufus (Gmelin) Location of type: Hartwig (1952), reviewing (Pl. 21, figs. 33, 34) Trybom’s types, did not include this genus. Because the type material was in alcohol, it is Thrips ru/a Gmelin, 1788. Caroli a Linn; Syst. very possible that no type specimen exists Nat., p. 2224. today. Trybom9s collection is in the Na- Aptinothrips tufa, Haliday. 1836. Ent. Mag., 3:445. turhistoriska Museum, Gzteborg, Sweden. The synonymy has been given in detail by Speyer (1935) has reviewed the genus in detail. Preisner (1926). Type locality: Probably northern Europe. Location of type:Unknown to me. Geographic location: Europe, Massachusetts, New Type locality: Northern Europe. York, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, California. Geographic location: Europe, India, South America, Discussion: This variety or form has a two-seg Massachusetts to Oregon. mented terminal style on the antenna. The Discussion: This wingless, sod-inhabiting insect is typical species has antennae that are six- found most commonly in temperate areas. Sharga segmented only, instead of eight. and other European workers have studied this California records: and other grass-inhabiting species in detail. I El Dorado Co.: Bijou, VIII-23-50, sweeping have discussed the economic aspects elsewhere. grass. California records : Fresno Co.: Cherry Gap, VIII-3-50, sweeping. Alameda Co.: Berkeley, VII-1914, dog fennel Shasta Co.: Manzanita Lake, VII-22-47; Redding, (E. R. de Ong); Berkeley, V-1936, sweeping grass V-23-49, sweeping grass. (A. T. McClay). Tulare Co.: Visalia, V-1-10, weeds (P. R. El Dorado Co.; Coloma, VII-18-39, sweeping Jones). grass; Meyers, VIII-26-50, grass. Fresno Co.: Kings River Canyon, VIII-3-50, sweeping grass. Genus Atpediothrips Hood Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-22-38, sweep- Hood described the genus as follows: “Body much ing grass. flattened, glabrous. Head large and very broad, Marin Co.: Bolinas, IV-25-47, sweeping grass in longer than and very nearly equal in width to salt marsh (R. M. Bohart). prothorax. Antennae eight-segmented; trichomes on Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, sweeping. segments 3 and 4 forked. Mouth cone long, nearly Placer Co.: Roseville, V-3-39, sweeping grass. attaining posterior margin of prosternum, moder Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, IV-27-39, sweeping ately stout; maxillary palpi three-segmented. barley (Bailey and Andre). Pronotum, with two pairs of bristles at posterior San Luis Obispo Co.: Atascadero Creek, IV-23- angles, the outer pair minute and somewhat 5 1, beating. shorter than a pair at the anterior angles. Wings Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, 111-2-10 (P. R. (when present) with two longitudinal veins which Jones). are sparsely but regularly setose throughout their Shasta Co.: Redding, V-23-49, sweeping grass. length. Abdominal bristles short and slender.’’ Solano Co.: Fairfield, IV-4-47, grass under live All stages of Atpediothrips are found between oak; Gordon Valley, IV-1-36, grass. leaves of Yucca in the western deserts. They feed Sonoma Co.: Skaggs Island, IV-12-51, oats. on the soft tissue at the base of the leaves. THE THRIPSOF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTlA 167

Arpediothips mojave Hood Postoculars long. Antennal segment VI (PI. 22, fig. 46) without constriction at base; 111-V shaded with brown ...... Arpediothrips mojave Hood, 1927. Proc. Biol. SOC...... uenustus Hood, 1912 Wash., 40:197-198. Location of type: Cornell University. Type locality: Mojave Desert, California. Bregmatothrips venustus Hood Geographic range: Arizona, California. (Pl. 20, fig. 24) Discussion: This thrips appears restricted to the leaf bases of Yucca brevifolia in desert regions. Bregmatothrips uentrstus Hood, 1912. Proc. Biol. It is the type of the genus. SOC.Wash., 25:66-67, pl. IV, left, fig. 2, a, b. California records: Location of type: Cornel1 University. Kern Co.: Tehachapi, X-8-38, Joshua tree (H. H. Type locality: Brownsville, Texas. Kiefer). Geographic location: Hawaii, Cuba, Illinois, Los Angeles Co.: Littlerock, VIII-14-37, Yucca Tennessee, Texas, Wyoming, Arizona, Cali- btevifolia (J. D. Hood). fornia, and Mexico. San Bernardino Co.: Needles, VIII-6-36 (F. Discussion: Bermuda grass is the first place to Andre). look for this thrips. The males are brachypterous and bicolorous. In undisturbed mats of this grass it breeds in large numbers, resulting in a Genus Bregmatothrips Hood silvering of the blades. California records: Head large, produced and overhanging base of El Dorado Co.: Coloma, VII-18-39, sweeping antennae. Eyes swollen. Antennae eighrseg- grass. mented with trichomes simple. Maxillary palpi Fresno Co.: Fresno, E-16-38, Atriplex three-segmented. Mouth cone short. Ocelli hac- teosa present in macropterous forms. Prothorax elon- Imperial Co.: Bond's Corner, XII-24-48, bermuda gated. Pronotum with two long bristles at each grass (F. Summers). outer posterior angle. Legs unarmed. Wings, when M. Kern Co.: Shafter, VI-16-42, onion flrs., grass, present, with two longitudinal veins. with Abdomen and cotton. scallops comb plates, similar to Heterothrips, or Merced Co.: Merced, VII-5-39, sweeping bermuda the posterior margin of tergites 11-VIII. Ovi- on grass. positor downtutned. Males usually brachypterous Monterey Co.: Big Sur, VIII-31-46, coffee fern and without thorns or chitinous projections on (W. H. Lange). terminal body segments. Orange Co.: Yorba Linda, VII-1936, bermuda grass. Key to the North American Species Stanislaus Co. : Oakdale, VII-2-50, sweeping of Bregmatothrips grass. Yo10 Co.: Davis, XI-2-37, bermuda grass (S. R. 1. Fore vein of forewing with bristles along Moyer), VII-24-39, bermuda grass, VI-4-41, bermuda its entire length. Eyes strongly protrud- grass. ing and head projecting noticeably beyond eyes ... .itidis3 Watson, 1924 Fore vein of forewing with 2 distal bristles Genus Chilothn'ps Hood and 4-5 in basal group ...... 2 Antennae eight-segmented, segments III and IV 2. Postoculars short. Antennal segment VI with forked sensory trichomes. Head broad, vertex with slight constriction at base; 111-V somewhat pointed anterior to forward ocellus. yellow...... Pronotum very long, sides parallel; one prominent . . gracilis Hood and Williams, 1915 bristle only near each posterior outer angle. Mouth cone unusually large and extending considerable 'Priesnet, 1940, Philippine ]ow. Sc., 7k403, estab- distance onto mesosternum. Maxillary palpi three- lished the genus Iridotlvips for this species on the segmented. Forewings with two longitudinal veins. basis the long the angles of bristle near outer anterior of All tibiae with two small spurs at distal end. the pronotum. similar situation occurs in Taenwthrips A Abdominal segment VI11 without a csmb. Ovipositor orionis, T. vdgatissimns. Thrips impr Hood and others which have a long bristle similarly placed. To date downcurved. General appearance is that ot Oxy- subgenera have not been established for these species. thrips and Anaphothrips. 168 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Chilotbrips pini Hood Second antennal segment normal or gradu- (Pl. 22, fig. 45) ally enlarged symmetrically toward the tip...... 5 Chilothrips pini Hood, 1916. Proc. Biol. SOC. Wash., 29:119-121. Tip of projection of antennal segment 11 Location of type: Cornel1 University. with a very small terminal seta. .... manicatus (Haliday), Type locality: Bladensbwg, Maryland...... 1836 Geographic location: Maryland, New York, Virginia, Tip of projection of antennal segment I1 Minnesota, California. with a subterminal seta ...... aculeutus Bagnall, Discussion: Together with several Oxythrips ...... 1927 species, this single member of ChiZothrips Sensory trichome on antennal segment IV appears to prefer conifers. The very large mouth forked .....secalis Moulton, 1935 cone and pronotum make it easy to recognize. It Sensory trichome on antennal segment IV is known only from two collections in California. simple ..... falsus Priesner, 1925 Only females have been taken. California record: Males Fresno Co.: Huntington lake, VI-2648, wild currant (A. T. McClay). First antennal segment greatly enlarged Sierra Co.: VI-21-32, dwarf ceanotbus (A. C...... L First antennal segment normal only Browne, C.A.S.). or slightly swollen ...... 3 Genus Chirothn'ps Haliday Posterior angles of pronotum each with 1 bristle (pa) longer than others ..... spiniceps Hood Head small and projected forward beyond the eyes...... Eyes small and somewhat flattened. Antennae Posterior angles of pronotum with 2 long mexicanus eight-segmented, sometimes with basal segments pa bristles . D. L. Gawford swollen or asymmetrically projected. Sensory Reticulations on anterior half of pronotum trichomes forked or simple. Maxillary palpi tkee- represented by smooth, nearly continuous segmented. Fore legs reduced, unarmed. Prothorax lines arranged in a semicircle .... 4 wedge-shaped. Forewings long and narrow with Reticulations on anterior half of pronotum two longitudinal veins. Ovipositor downcurved. arranged in a series of slightly curved Males smaller than females and with ocelli and broken lines more widely spaced, some- wings absent. Posterior margins of abdominal times forming polygons ...... 5 segments of males with variable comb. Abdomen Posterior margin of abdominal sternites bluntly pointed and without thorns or chitinous projections. with prominent comb. Antennal segments 111-V not swollen. ...secalis Moulton Posterior lateral margins of abdoginal sternites with indistinct, scattered comb Key to the California Species of Chisothrips teeth bluntly rounded. Intermediate Females antennal segments swollen...... aculeattrs Bagnall First antennal segment greatly enlarged. 2 First antennal segment normal only Comb teeth indistinct and sparse on abdom- or inal tergites manicutus Haliday slightly swollen. 3 ...... Comb teeth distinct (fused at base) and Posterior angles of pronotum each with 1 usually a complete row on abdominal bristle (pa) longer than others. Reticu- tergites 11-VIII. ....falsus Priesner lations on mesonotum in the form of longitudinal rows of scallops ...... spiniceps Hood, 1915 Chirothrips aculeatus Bagnall Posterior angles of pronotum each with 2 Chirothrips ucdeatus Bagnall, Ann. Mag. long pa bristles of about equal length. 1927. Nat. Hist., Ser. Reticulations on mesonotum variable 9, 19:567. Chitohips similis Priesner, 1926 (nec sirnilis mexicanus D. L. Gawford, ... 1909 Bagnall, in part). Thys. Eut., pp. 142, 708. Second antennal segment greatly enlarged Chitothtips aculeatus, Hood. 1938, Ent. Mon. Mag., outwardly and distally...... 4 74: 164. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA E9

Chiroihrips aculeatus. Andre, 1939. Proc. Ent. Sonoma Co.: Sonoma, rV-17-46, grass under oak, SOC.Wash., 41(6):196-197. Vineburg, HI-10-36, grass. Location of type: British Museum. Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, VIII-2-30, grass. Type locality: Unknown to me. Yo10 Co.: Davis, VI-6-41, barley, IV-20-48, The male was described by Andre from Davis Fescue, IV-27-38. and Gilroy, California. Yuba Co.: Marysville, VI-4-31, pears (J. B. Geographic location: Europe, Washington, Oregon, Steinweden); Smartville, IV-26-36, grass. California. Discussion: This together with other Chirothrips, Chirothips falsw Priesner grass- and grain-infesting species sometimes becomes injurious in the early summer. Chirothrips falsus Priesner, 1925. Zoo1 Jahrb., Califcxnia records: Abt. System., 5&312-313. Alameda Co.: Berkeley, VII-10-35, rhododendron. Cbirothn'ps simplex Hood, 19273. Jour. N.Y. Ent. Alpine Co.: Markleeville, VII-12-48, lupine SOC.,35:128. Andre, 1939 Proc. Ent. SOC.Wash., (R. M. Bohart). 41(6):195-196. Hood, 1939. Rev. de Ent., lO(2): Calaveras Co.: Calaveras Big Trees, VI-8-39, 463. Ceanotbus; Avery, VI-8-39, grass. Location of type: Priesner collection, Cairo,Egypt. Colusa Co.: Grizzly Springs Lake, V-14-46, Type locality: Tlalpam, Chapingo, Mexico. grass. Geographic location: Europe, Canada, Illinois, Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, VI-5-39, sweeping North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Colorado, grass. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Mexico. El Dorado Co.: Kybutz, IIX-20-39, sweeping Discussion: The California records are new and grass; Coloma, VII-18-39, sweeping grass. indicate a widespread distribution in the state Fresno Co.: Cherry Gap, VIII-3-35, sweeping. on grasses. Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass. California records: Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-7-38, marsh grass; Butte Co.: Bear Creek, VII-2647, sweeping Chowchilla, Il-9-34, grass. (R. M. Bohart). kin Co.: Bolinas, 1-2651, bush lupine; Contra Costa Co.: Mount Diab!o, sweeping. Stinson's Beach, VII-3-49, grass. El Dorado Co.: Bijou, VII-23-50, grass. Mendocino Philo, VII-19-49, grass. Co.: Imperial Co.: Bond's Corner, XII-26-48, bermuda Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, VI-7-38, grass. grass (F. Summers). Merced Co.: Snelling, VIII2-50, sweeping. M. Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, V-24-49, sweeping grass; Alturas, V-24-49, willow. Chirothrips manicatus Haliday Monterey Co.: Rocky Creek, VIII-23-50, sweeping (Pl. 19, fig. 21) (R. M. Bohart). Napa Co.: St. Helena, VI-9-36, sweeping Thrips (Chirothrips) manicaia Haliday, 1836. Ent. grass. Mag., 3:444. Nevada Co.: Nevada City, VEZG49, pss and Cbirothtips manicata, Amyot et Serville. 1843. Ins. holly (R. M. Bohart). Hemip., p. 642. Ctange Co.: Tustin, VI-18-47, grass. Chirothips manicatus, Hinds. 1902. Proc. U.S. Placer Co.: Auburn, N-27-39, grass sweeping Nat. Mus., 26(1310):134-136. The synonymy is (Andre and Bailey); Lincoln, XI-21-37, grass; given in detail by Priesner (1926), pp. 138-139. Lake Tahoe, VII-23-48, sweeping grass; Apple- Location of type: Unknown to me, probably British gate, VI-14-39, grass and lupine. Museum, if specifically designated by author. Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, Iv-27-39, sweep- Type locality: Great Britain. ing barley (Bailey and Andre). Geographic location: Europe, South America, San Francisco Co.: San Francisco. Hawaii, North America; widespread from Massa- Sans Barbara Co.: Arroyo Seco, V-2649, sweep- chusetts to Florida, California to British ing. Columbia. Santa Clara Co.: Gilroy, VII-14-36, tomato; Palo Discussion: Though having a wide range, this Alto, VE27-39, sweeping grass, and VIM-27, species does not appear to have the propensity Salt (J. D. Hood). for injuring grains as does C. aculeatus. Shasta Co.: Redding, IIE23-48. California records: Solano Co.: Vacaville, VI-2-39, Sambucus and Calaveras Co.:Avery, VI-8-39, sweeping. oak; Fakfield, VI-15-36, grass. El Dorado Co.: Kyburz, 111-20-39, grass. 170 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Modoc CO.: Alturas, V-24-49, Ceanothus. Chirothips spiniceps Hood Monterey Co.: Rocky Creek, VIII-23-50, sweep- ing (R. M. Bohart). Chirothrips spiniceps Hood, 1915. Insec. Inscit. Nevada Co.: Nevada City, VII-26-50, broom. menst., 3( 1-4): 12-15. Shasta Co.: Burney, V-23-49, meadow. Chirothips sacchari Moulton, 1936. Proc. Hawaii. Solano Co.: Fairfield, V-27-37, oak galls. Ent. Soc., 9(2):181. Chirothrips spiniceps, Andre, 1939. Proc. Ent. SOC. Wash., 41(6):198. Hood, 1939. Rev. de Chirothips mexicanus D. L. Crawford Ent., 10(2):464. Location of type: Comell University. Chirotbrips mexicana D. L. Crawford, 1909. Type locality: Arizona (“Region of Glendale and Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 1(4):114-115. Phoenix”). Chirothrips mexicams, Hood, Rev. de Ent., 1939. Geographic location: Hawaii, Atlantic Coast of 10(2):464-465. Bailey, 1944. Pan-Pac. Ent., 20 North America, Massachusetts to Florida, and (3):82. westward to California. Location of type: Cornell University. Discussion: This thrips also becomes very abun- Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. dant locally on grasses (and sugar cane). Like Geographic location: Philippine Islands, Hawaii, many Chimthrips in the arid southwest, it South America, West Indies, Mexico, Florida, hibernates under the bark of trees and in Illinois, Arizona, California. Spanish moss. Discussion: The collection records would indicate California records: that C. mexicanus is common but it is much less Los Angeles Co.: Glendale (H. H. Keifer). frequently found than the foregoing species. Madera Co.: Chowchilla, VIII-15-39, grass. California records: Amador Co.: Ione, VI-8-39, grass. Fresno Co.: Fresno, VII-5-34, grass. Imperial Co.: Bond’s Corner, XII-26-48, bermuda Genus Dactuliothn’ps Moulton grass (F. M. Summers). Kern Co.: Shafter, VI-16-42, onion flrs., grass, Antennae nine segmented, segments without and cotton. projections and terminal segments not fused. Madera Co.: Chowchilla, VIII-15-39, Echinochloa Sensory areas on segments I11 and IV represented grass (Andre). by two circular to oval areas on each segment, Merced Co.: Merced, VII-5-39, sweepings annulations strongly developed. Head and pro- bermuda grass. notum with prominent bristles. Vertex of head not Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, V-25-49, grass. produced. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Labial Orange Co.: Anaheim, VI-20-41, bermuda grass. palpi two-segmented. Fore tarsi with well-devel- Tulare Co.: Pixley, IV-21-49, sweeping grass. oped claws. Fore tibiae without teeth or spurs. Yo10 Co.: Davis, VE13-41, Artiplex sp. Wings broad and rounded at tip. Ovipositor curved upward. Male smaller than female. Tip of abdomen bluntly rounded and without claspers or thornlike Chirothips secalis Moulton projections. This genus is presently found only in the west- Chirothrips secalis Moulton, 1935. Pan-Pac. Ent., tern area. 11 (4): 173-74. Location of type: Unknown to me. Type locality: Willow Ranch, Modoc County, Cali- Key to the Species of Dactuliothtips f ornia . Geographic location: California, Wyoming. Spurs on inner margin of fore femora ab Discussion: At present this species appears l(4). sent weak; when present, 1 to 4 in limited to grass in wet meadows at high ele- or number, usually 1 or 2. Spines on body vations. prominent but slender. California records: Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-7-38, grass. 2(3). Fore tibiae with 2 stout distal spurs; fore Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, VII-9-29, rye grass femora without spurs. Claw on fore (G. R. Struble, original descripion); Willow Ranch, tarsus with strong basal tooth. Antennae V-24-49, grass (R. M. Bohart). uniformly dark brown...... Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, VIII-28-48, grass...... D. diversus Bailey, 1939 THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 171 32). Fore tibiae without distal spurs; fore California records: femora with 1 to 4 (usually 1 or 2) weak Los Angeles Co.: Lancaster, IV-13-38, Oeno- spurs on inner margin. Claw on fore thera and Coreopsis (A. Downes). tarsus simple or with a very weak tooth San Bernardino Co.: Hinkley, Oenotheru dentutu near base. Third and basal three-fourths parishii, IV-15-38 (B. E. White). of antennal segment IV yellow, re- mainder brown ...... Dactuliothrips spinosw Moulton D. xemphilus Bailey, 1937 ...... (PI. 17, fig. 7) 4(1). Spurs on inner margin of fore femora strongly developed, 2 to 9 in number. Dactuliothrips spinosus Moulton, 1931. Pan-Pac. Spines on body dense and strongly Ent., 7(4): 173-1 74. developed. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype $, No. 3832, allotype, No. 3832, California 5(6). Claw on fore tarsus simple and knobbed. Academy of Science. Fore femora with 4 to 9 spurs on inner Type locality: Willow Ranch, Goose Lake, Modoc margin. Antennae uniformly blackish County, California. brown .... D. bobmti Bailey, 1937 Geographic location: Utah, Oregon, California. 6(5). Claw on fore tarsus with small tooth Discussion: This species is the type of the genus below tip. Fore femora with 2 to 5 and appears to be the most widespread. Recent spurs on inner margin. Antennae dark collections (Bailey and Knowlton, 1939) have brown with third segment yellow. ... shown that this thrips extends eastward to the ...... D. spinosus Moulton, 1931 Rocky Mts. Califorliia records: Kern Co.: Frazier Park, V-2-52, oak flrs.; Dactuliothrips boharti Bailey Johannesburg, VI-1-52, sweeping; Kern River Canyon, IV-19-49, Ceanothus. Dactuliothrips boharti Bailey, 1937~.Pan-Pac. Ent., 13(3):122-123. Los Angeles Co.: Near Lancaster, IV-19-49, Ceunothus. Location of type: University of California, Davis. Type locality: Tehachapi Pass, California. Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, V-19-29, on Pnmus Geographical location: California. demissa (G. R. Struble C.A.S.). Discussion: This member of the desert-inhabit- San Bemardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-12-36, ing genus is found abundantly in the flowers of Ceanothus (R. M. Bohart). Joshua trees in the early spring. The uni- San Luis Obispo Co.: West of McKittrick, V-2- formly black antennae and heavily spined 52, sweeping wild flowers. pronotum distinguish this species. California records: Kern Co.: Tehachapi Pass, IV-10-36, Cemo- Dactuliothrips xerophilus Bailey thus and a legume (R. M. Bohart); FrazierPark, V-2-52, oak flrs. Dactuliothrips xem’philus Bailey, 1937~.Pan-Pac. Los Angeles Co.: Valyemo, IV-12-36, Ceano- Ent., 13(3):123-126. thus (R. M. Bohart); near Lancaster, IV-19-49, Location of type: University of California, Ceanothus. Davis. Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, III-25-37, Joshua Type locality: Mojave, California. tree flrs., and a legume (R. M. Bohart). Geographic location: California. Discussion: This species appears to be restricted Dactuliothrips diversus Bailey to the southeastern part of the state. California records: Dactuliothrips diversus Bailey, 1939. Pan-Pac. Kern Co.: Mojave, 111-23-37, Joshua tree flowers En t., 15(4): 170-1 72. (R. M. Bohart). Location of type: University of California, Davis. Los Angeles Co.: Littlerock, III-23-37, Joshua Type locality: Hinkley, California. tree flrs.; near Lancaster, IV-13-69, Cermothus. Geographic location: California. Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, IV-4-39, Ericarneria Discussion: This species is set apart from the pinifolia (R. M. Bohart). other three representatives by the lack of San Bernardino Co.: Victorville, IV-1337, femoral spurs and the large tibials. Joshua tree flrs. (A. E. Michelbacher). 172 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Genus Drepanothn'ps Uzel Dorsum of head and thorax reticulated, the ner work of lines forming polygon's. Two long bristles Antennae six-segmented and without a style; along each outer posterior margin of pronotum. sensory trichomes forked on segments I11 and IV. Maxillary palpi appear to be only two-segmented. Head and pronoturn and wings similar to Scirro- Forewings with only one longitudinal vein that thrips. Microsetae present on lateral margins of extends entire length of wing. The complete row abdominal segments as in Sericothrips. Two of bristles on this vein are blunt at tip as are longitudinal veins present on forewing but in- those along costal margin. Legs unarmed. Ovi- distinct. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Ab- positor downcurved. One pair of bristles in dominal tergite VIII with comb. Legs unarmed. center of dorsum of each of abdominal segments Ovipositor downturned. Male smaller than female I-VIII. Segment VIII with comb. The male has a and with a pair of long sickleshaped bristles large number of small, oval, scattered sensory extending beyond tip of abdomen. areas on sternites of abdominal segments II- VIII. Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel

Drepanothn'ps reuteri Uzel, 1895. Monogr. Ord. Echinothrips americanus Morgan Thys. Kzniggdtz, pp. 213-214; Priesner, H., (Pl. 20. fig. 27) 1926. Thys. Eur., pp. 170-173. Drepanothrips reuteri, Bailey, 1942. Jour. Econ. Echinothrips mnen'canus Morgan, 1913. Proc. Ent., 35(3):382-386. U.S. Nat. Mus., 46(2008):14-16. Location of type: Unknown to me. Location of type: United States National Museum, Type locality: Czechoslovakia. Cat. No. 15,726. Geographic location: Europe, North America Type locality: Quincy, Florida. (California only). Geographic location: Florida, South Carolina, Discussion: The vine thrips is one of two in- Tennessee, District of Columbia, Maryland, jurious Thysanoptera found in vineyards. It Missouri, and California. attacks both fruit and leaves but the damage Discussion: Moulton's collection of 1 specimen fluctuates considerably from year to year. It in 1909 from California is very unusual. In the was apparently introduced from Europe where many years of intensive collecting in this it is found on various deciduous native trees as state no additional representatives of this well as vines. The biology is somewhat difi genus have been taken, to my knowledge. The ferent in this state because of the long growing above mentioned record was first published by season and mild winter. Bailey and Cott (1952). California records: California record: El Dorado Co.: Riverton, X-20-50, leaf mold. Shasta Co.: Olinda, III-30-09, Prunus (D. Fresno Co.: Sanger, VII-14-37, grape. Moulton, C. A. S.). Kern Co.: Delano, VIII-19-37 (G. A. Osner). Napa Co.: Spring Mt., VIII-8-46, grape (N. W. Frazier); Cloverdale, IX-1940, grape; St. Helena, IX-19-40, grape. Genus Eythrothrips Moulton Sacramento Co.: Florin, IV-2-26, grape (T. D. Head usually wider than long, cheeks arched. Urbahns). Ocelli present. Compound eyes rounded dorsally Santa Clara Co.: Gatos, VIII-5-40, grape Los and produced backward ventrally. Antennae nine- (Leslie M. Smith). segmented with the last two segments closely Solano Co.: Green Valley, VIII-7-40, grape joined. One linear sensory area each of seg- (N. Frazier). on W. ments, III and IV. Maxillary segments variable, Tulare Co.: Dinuba, VII-17-36, grape (A. D. from five to nine, geniculate. Labial palpi four- Rizzi). segmented. Prothorax small, but little shorter than Yo10 Davis, IX-23-35, grape. Co.: head and with all bristles small. Fore tarsi with fingerlike hook. Wings broad and rounded. Ovi- Genus Echinothrips Moulton positor upturned. Terminal abdominal segments of female long and pointed. Male much smaller than Antennae eight-segmented, segment VI long and female, abdomen slender and with long, slender slender. Sensory trichomes simple and slender. bristles only. THE THRIPS OF CAI.IFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 173

Key to the World Species of Etyththrips Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, No. 200, California Academy of Science. l(2). Forewings uniformly dark blackish brown . Type locality: Phoenix, Arizona...... 2 Geographic location: Arizona, Nevada, California. Forewings with posterior half with black- Discussion: This Etythmthrips species IS the ish brown longitudinal band. .... 3 type of the genus. It is farily common but not collected as fre.quently as its relative fascic- 2(1). Third antennal segment black (So. Amer.) . ulatus. It is collected only in the spring and ...... stygicus Hood, 1938 is not restricted to any particular host plant. Third antennal segment golden-yellow California records: (So. Amer.) .. .nigripennis Hood, 1937 Alpine Co.: Markleeville, Mentzelia laevicaulis; 3(1). Forewings with dark band along distal Ebbets Pass, VII-31-26, (C.A.S.). two-thirds of posterior margin only Butte Co.: Oroville, orange and olive blossoms, (scale black)(W. No. Amer.) ..... Rhamnus purshiana (B. B. Whitney)...... keeni Moulton, 1929 Inyo Co.: Panamint Mts., Mt. Spring, 1V-4-39, Forewings with dark band extending the beating willow (R. M. Bohart); Furnace Creek, entire length of posterior margin ... 4 IV-4-39, creosote bush (B. E. White); Maznrka Cyn., 7,000; VI-1937, Stanleya sp. (C. Beutler). 4(3). Segment I11 of antenna light yellow. .. 5 Kern Co.: Tehachapi Pass, IV-10-36, legume Segment 111 of antenna bicolorous, yellow (R. M. Bohart); Onyx, IV-1338, Joshua tree flrs. at base and shading to dark brown in (B. E. White). outerpart ...... 6 Riverside Co.: Banning, Artemisia californica; 5(4). All tibiae and tarsi lemon-yellow in Palm Canyon, IV-15-38, cat's claw (R. M. Bohart). color (India) ...... San Diego Co.: Willows, Rhamnus purshiana ....asiaticus A. and M., 1930-1931 Santa Clara Co.: Mayfield, Adenostoma fascicu- All tibiae and tarsi dark brown (W. No, latm. Amer.) .... durango Watson, 1923

6(4). Segment 111 of antenna very long (2OOp). Erythrothrips fasciculatus Moulton Distal three-fifths of segment I1 yel- low Amer.) costalis Hood, 1937 (So. . . Etythmthrips fasciculatus Moulton, 1929. Bull. Segment III of antenna much shorter. See Brooklyn Ent. SOC., 24(4):224-225. mentII uniformlydack brown ....7 Erythrothrips fasciculatus, Bailey, 1947a. Pan- 7(6). Sensory area on antennal segment 111 very Pac. Ent., 23(3): 105103. short (about 16p) and often oval (W. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype No. Amer.) ...... 9, No. 2782, allotype, No. 2784, California ...... fasciculatus Moulton, 1929 Academy of Science. Sensory area on antennal segment 111 ex- Type locality: Santa Barbara, California. tending at least one-third the length of Geographic location: California. segment, narrow and often curved . . 8 Discussion: This &ips is found abundantly in the flowers of Adenostorna fasciculatwn in the 8(7). Head longer than wide. Sensory area on spring. It has one generation a year, and the antennal segment 111 about Mail- 601.1. nymphs spin cocoons. It is separated from lary palpi 8-segmented Amer.) (W. No. . mizonae by the short antennae and very small arizonae Modton, 1911 ...... areas segments I11 and IV. Head about as long as wide. Sensory area sensory on California records: On segment about 33p (w* Colusa Co.: &buckle, V-7-40, chamise. No. Amer.) .bishoppi Moulton, 1929 .. Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, V-23-36, chamise. Erythrothrips arizonae Moulton Lake Co.: Bartlett Springs, VI-10-36, chamise; (Pl. 17, fig. 1; pl. 18, figs 9, 11) Bear Creek, VII-5-35, chamise (J. J. duBois). Mariposa Co.: Briceburg, VI-3-38, chamise; Erythmthrips arizonae Moulton, 1911. U.S.D.A., Indian Flat, VI-3-38, chamise. Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 21, pt. 111, pp. 21, Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Barbara, V-15-28. 34-36. yellow clover (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Etythmthrips arizonae, Bailey, 1947a. Pan-Pac. Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, V-1938, California Ent., 23(3): 103109. sage. 174 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Erythrothrips Keeni Moulton described or transferred in and out of the genus. Many species are so poorly described and so Erythrothn’ps beeni Moulton, 1929. Bull. Brooklyn much dependence has been placed on color (in a Ent. SOC.,24(4):226-227. group where color is very variable) that much Etyrhrothrips keeni, Bailey. 1947a. Pan-Pac. confusion obtains. Watson (1923) and Morgan Ent., 2 3( 3): 103-109. (19256) prepared keys to the American species. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Hood (1925) established “groups” within the 9, No. 2515, allotype, No. 2515, California genus. Moulton (1948) made an attempt to bring Academy of Science. together all the papers on the group and devise a Type locality: Bly, Oregon. key to the species, It is a very useful reference Geographic location: Colorado, Utah, Idaho, but leaves many problems unanswered. Oregon, Nevada, California. The genus in the broadest sense included Discussion: The large size and bright iridescence several “groups” and “series,” all of which do of this thrips makes it “spectacular” to the not occur in California. Bryan and Smith (1956) general collector. It is one of the largest thrips have studied carefully the California species, in the state and has the widest distribution of examined many types and given considerable new any of the genus in North America. It is common synonymy. We are listing below only those species in flowers of Chrysothamnus in arid western from the state which they consider valid. mountainous regions. California records: Alpine Co.: Markleeville and Ebetts Pass, VII-31-26 (D. Moulton), Mentzelia laevicaulis and Key to the California Species of Frankliniella white yarrow (C.A.S.). Inyo Co.: Bishop Creek, VIII-2-36, Erigonum l(2). Interocellar bristles very small, -016 mm. (R. M. Bohart). Forewings uniformly smoky brown ... Mono Co.: Convict Lake, VIII-637, “yellow ...... minuta Moulton, 1907 flowered shrub” (R. M. Bohart). Interocellar bristles longer, .040-.070 mm. Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, VII-27-48, Chryso- Forewings nearly colorless to light yellowish brown. 2 thamnus nauseosus...... San Diego Co.: Escondido, V-7-49, Mimulus 2(1). Comb on posterior margin of abdominal sp. (R. M. Bohart). segment VI11 absent ...... 3 Sierra Co.: Webber Lake, VIII-25-46, sweeping Comb on posterior margin of abdominal (R. M. Bohart). segment VI11 present although some- Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, VII-19-36, sweep times weak in center...... 4 ing wild flowers (R. M. Bohart). 3(2). Head with a square appearance, somewhat -projected in front. Cheeks straight and Genus Frankliniella Karny parallel. Body uniformly brown, fore- wings nearly colorless. Outer posterior Antennae eight-segmented, segments I11 and IV bristles on pronoturn .O76 mm. long . . with forked trichomes; two terminal segments ...... temricomis (Uzel), 1895 reduced to form a style. Head usually slightly Head wider than long, cheeks slightly wider than long. Ocelli and interocellar bristles swollen. Body, legs, and wings light present. Ocelli sometimes absent in seldom- yellow. Outer posterior bristles on encountered brachypterous forms. Maxillary palpi pronotum .05 nun. long ...... three-segmented. Prothorax wider than long with ...... insignis Moulton, 1935 prominent bristles on both anterior and posterior outer angles. Legs unarmed. Forewings with two 4(2). Bristles on veins of forewing: 17 on fore longitudinal veins extending full length of wing vein, 13 on hind vein ...... and which are beset with bristles throughout ...... conspicua Moulton, 1935 their length. Abdominal segment VI11 with or Bristles on veins of forewing: 22-27 on without a comb. Male smaller than female. Termi- fore vein and 17-20 on hind vein ...5 nal segments without thornlike bristles. Sternites 5(4). Outer posterior bristle on pronotum .096 mm. 111-VI1 sometimes with oval or dumbbell-shaped Antennal segment 111, .070 mm. .... sensory areas...... yuccae Moulton, 1935 The genus Frankliniella is one of the most Outer posterior bristle on pronotum .076 mm. difficult in the entire order Thysanoptera. There Antennal segment 111, .057 mm. .... have been nearly one hundred and fifty species .....occidentaCis (Pergande), 1895 THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 175 Frankliniella conspicua Moulton Alameda Co.: Berkeley, grass (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Frankliniella conspicua Moulton, 1935. Pan-Pac. Inyo Co.: Westgaard Pass, V-18-47, sweeping Ent., 11(4):173. (R. M. Bohart). Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Kern Co.: Shafter, X-1335, rubber tree (G. L. 2, No. 2816, California Academy of Science. Smith). Type locality: Lakeport, California. Lake Co.: Lakeport, V-27-28, Ortbocarpus Geographic location: California. 2aceru.s (H. Parker); Upper Lake, V-14-47, grass. Discussion: The holotype is the only specimen Los Angeles Co.: Malibu Beach, IV-1336, known to me. sweeping (R. M. Bohart). California record: Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-638, Plantain (R. Lake Co.: Lakepart, V-27-28, Ortbocatpus M. Bohart and S. F. Bailey). lacerus (H. Parker, C.A.S.). Mendocino Co.: Willits, VII-24-52 (W. C. Bentnick). Frankliniella insignis Moulton Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, V-24-49, grass. Monterey Co.: , VIII-2-42, guayle (W. Frankliniella insignis Moulton, 1735. Pan-Pac. H. Lange). Ent., 11(4):170. Orange Co.: Newport Beach, III-1-32, compos Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype ite. 9, No. 3481, California Academy of Science. Placer Co.: Roseville, V-3-39, monkey flrs. Type locality: Yuma, Arizona. Riverside Co.: Palm Canyon, IV-15738, sweep- Geographic location: California, Arizona, Texas, ing R. M. Bohart). and Mexico. Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, X-22-34, zinnia. Discussion: This thrips is known from the original San Diego Co.: Encinitas, VII-2-35, Chaenoctis collection and interceptions in plant quarantine glabriuscula; J acumba, IV-26-50, ex grass. on flowers at Brownsville, Texas. San Joaquin Co.: Stockton, 111-5-26, plum California record: (Paul Lewis). “Southern California,” V-10-27, citrus foliage Santa Clara Co.: Saratoga, VII-27-35, grass. (R. S. Woglum, C.A.S.). The type specimen was Solano Co.: Vacaville, 111-2-34, plum (C. H. actually taken on the Arizona side of the Colorado Wren). River at Yuma. Stanislaus Co.: El Solyo, 11-2630, wild mustard. Sutter Co.: Meridian, IX-30-38, green grass. Tulare Co.: Sequoia Park, VI-23-35, lupine; Frankliniella minuta Moulton Porterville, 1-16-36, lichen on fig tree (E. W. Baker). Euthrips minuta Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. Tuolumne Co.: Sonora Pass, VIII-28-48, grass. EE., Tech. Ser., No. 12 pt. III, pp. 5657. Yo10 Co.: Davis, VI-20-35, toyon flrs.; Davis, Euthrips minutus var. setosus D. L. Crawford, 14-37, under bark of grapevines; Davis, 1-21-35, 1909. Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 1(4):105. tmdet bark of apple. Franklinietta minuta, Karny, 1912. Zool. AM Yuba Co.: Arboga, IV-14-34, walnut catkins 4:335. Hood, 1914, Proc. Ent., Soc. Wash., (H. H. Keifer). 16:38. Moulton, 1948, Rev. de Ent., 19(1-2):93. Priesner, 1935, Deuts. Ent. Zeitschr., 1: 16. Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype (PI. 23, fig. 52) 9, no number, California Academy of Science. Type locality: Berkeley, California. Geographic location: Hawaii, Central America, Euthrips occidentalis Pergande. 1895. U.S.D.A., Wyoming, Montana, Utah, Oregon, Nevada, Div. Ent. “Insect Life,” 7(5):392. Arizona, California. Euthrips tritici califomicus Moulton, 1911. Discussion: This small, dark Franklinielta is U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent.,Tech. Ser., No. 21, p. 28. widely distributed in the western states. It Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergaade), Kamy, might be expected that such a well-adapted 1912. 2001. Ann., 4:335. species will extend its range and at times Fmnkliniella tritici Moultoni, Hood. 1914. Proc. become abundant. The adults are often found Ent. SOC.Wash., 16:38. hibernating under bark. Frankliniella californica Moulton, 1948. Rev. California records: The following are represent- de Ent., 19(1-2):98. ative: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Bryan and 176 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Smith, 1956. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entorn., 10:359- San Luis Obispo Co.: Edna, IV-24-51, mustard 410. flrs. Location of type: United States National Museum, Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock, 11-8-11, Vinca Cat. No. 753. major (M. W. Davidson); San Jose, VII-6-10, Type locality: Los Angeles, California. holly (P. R. Jones). Geographic range: , western Solano Co.: Green Valley, 111-2634, cherry Canada, and northern Mexico. (C. H. Wren). Discussion: This species is the most widespread Sonoma Co.: Geyserville, 1-29-35, laurel flrs., of all the thrips of the area. Its importance as Vineburg, 111-10-36, sweeping grass. an economic species is well known. Peaches, Sutter Co.: Meridian, VII-7-36, Sambucus. plums, nectarines, cotton, grapes, nursery Trinity Co.: Douglas City, X-22-38, wild buck- stock, cut flowers, and seeds are the major wheat (A. T. McClay). crops suffering injury. Its biology and control Ventura Co.: Camarillo, VIII-1-35, beans (W. have been discussed by various writers. W. Mackie). California records: The following are representa- Yo10 Co.: Davis, X-14-36, English walnut. tive collections only since the species is found in every county and on innumerable host Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel) plants: Alameda Co.: Berkeley, VII-1914, dog fennel Pbysopus tenuicornis Uzel, 1895. Monogr. Ord. (“E.R.D.”); Castro Valley, X-9-33 (D. Moulton). Thys., p. 99. Alpine Co.: Markleeville, VII-31-26, sage. Frankliniella tenuicornis, Katny, 1912. Zool. Fresno Co.: Fresno, XI-14-29, inside figs (H. Ann., 4:334, 336. N. Hansen); Auberry, V-31-36, milkweed. Priesner has given a long list of references to Glenn Co.: Orland, IV-8-36, orange. this species in Thys. Eur., 1926, pp. 247-251. Humboldt Co.: Richardson Grove, VIII-8-36, Location of type: Unknown to me. sweeping wild flrs. Type locality: Unknown to me. Inyo Co.: Mt. Whitney, VI-20-37, lupine (G. L. Geographic location: Europe, Asia, New Jersey, Smith). Georgia, Texas, Iowa, Oregon, Washington, Imperial Co.: Calipatria, IV-25-39, grape flrs. California. (M. B. Dickson). Discussion: This Frankliniella appears to be one Kern Co.: Shafter, X-335, sunflower (G. L. of the less injurious species, even though it Smith); Shafter, VIII-20-35, cotton. has a wide range and is found on many hosts.; Los Angeles Co.: V-8-26, (H. M. Perhaps its reproductive powers in North Amer- Armit age); Avalon, Catalina Island, VIE1 1-46, ica are less well developed. To date it is rare Btugmonsus mbrea (N. Krauss); Griffith Park, in California. VIII-27-35 (A. Mallis). California recads: Marin Co.: Mt. Tarnalpias, IV-17-35, manzanita Fresm Co.: Minkler, VIII-3-50, Typba. flrs. Merced Co.: Selling, VIII-2-50, Typha, grass, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, VI-24-27, oak. Ceanothtcs cordulatus (D. Moulton); Indian Flat, V-23-38, lupine. Mendocino Co.: Willits, VII-4-52 (W. C. Bent- Frankliniella yuccae Moulton nick). Modoc Co.: Cedarville, V-23-49, grass. Frankliniella yuccae Moulton, 1935. Pan-Pac. Monterey Co.: Salinas, VII-15-43, beans (W. H. Ent., ll(4): 171-172. Lange); Salinas, X-13-33, lettuce (D. Moulton). Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, VI-1635,wild snap- $, No. 701, California Academy of Science. dragon (J. J. duBois). Type locality: Willows, San Diego County, Orange Co.: Laguna Beach, VI-30-35, Heru- California. cl eum Geographic location: California. Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, VII-22-48, lupine. Discussion: We have collected large numbers of Riverside Co.: Hemet, 1-1934, citrus (H. J. Frankliniella from yucca blossoms many times Quayle); Palm Canyon, IV-15-38, sweeping (R. but never have taken this Moulton species. M. and G. E. Bohart). California record: San Diego Co.: San Diego, V-13-26, marigold San Diego Co.: Willows (U.S. Highway 80) V-15- (D. Moulton). 26, yucca flowers (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 177 Genus Franklino tbtip s Back anterior ocellus. Cheeks rough. Antennae eight- segmented, terminal segment long and needle- Head broad, bluntly rounded and somewhat retracted like. Sensory trichomes on antennal segments into prothorax. Eyes not protruding. Posterior III and IV simple. Maxillary palpi two-segmented. ocelli large. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Proaotum without long bristles. Forewings narrow Labial palpi appearing threesegmented but with and straplike, broadly expanded in basal fourth, minute basal fourth. Antennae ninesegmentod, without sculpture and without fringe of delicate segments 111 and IV very long and slender, termi- setae on costa. Ovipositor downcurved. Male nal segment small. Sensory areas on segments known from one specimen (J. C. Crawford, 1940. I11 and IV linear, variable, with vermiform mar- Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 42(4):90-91). gins. Prothorax wider than long and sharply tapered from forward margin to rear; bristles Heliothrips haemonhoidalis (Bouch;) reduced. Wings broadly rounded at tip but con- stricted in second fourth. Longitudinal veins Thrips haemorrboidalis Bouch;, 1833. Nat. distinct but cross veins weak. Legs slender and Schzdl. Garten-Ins., p. 206. unarmed. Ovipositor upturned. Abdomen with Heliothrips adonidum Haliday, 1836. Ent. Mag., basal segments narrow resulting in an antlike 3:443. appearance. Male much smaller than female, ab- Heliothrips haemorrboidalis, Burmeister, 1836. domen not constricted. Terminal segments with- Handb. d. Entom., 2:412. out thornlike bristles or claspers. Sensory areas Heliothrips haemorrboidalis, Priesner, 1926. on antennal segments LII and IV covering a large Thys. Eur., pp. 12G130. part of the segments. Location of type:Unknown to me. Type locality: Unknown to me. Geographic location: In greenhouses in Europe Franklinotbrips vespiformis D. Crawford L. and the United States and out-of-doors in many 18, fig. 12) (PI. tropical and semitropical parts of the world such as India, West Indies, South and Central Aeolotbrips vespifomis D. L. Crawford, 1909, America, Hawaii, Guam, Australia, China, Pomona Coll. Ent., 1(4):109-110. Jour. Japan, Ceylon, and Palestine. In the United Franklinothrips vespiformis, Back, 1912. Ent. States specifically it is known from California, News, 23(2):74-77. Stannard, 1952. Jour. Wash. Florida, District of Columbia, and Georgia out- Acad. Sci., 42(1): 16. Location of type: Canadian National Museum, of-doors, and in greenhouses in the states of Ottawa. Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Type locality: Managua, Nicaragua. Kmsas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Geographic location: South and Central America, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, West Indies, Florida, Texas, Arizona, Cali- New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, fornia. Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Discus-ion: This exotic, predaceous thrips is Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, easily recognized by its narrow “waist,” and West Virginia. Discussion: The greenhouse thrips is of the threadlike antennae, and retracted head. It is one more well-known and easily identified members the type of the genus. Pupation takes place within a cocoon. Stannard (1952) has reviewed of the order. It is injurious on many greenhouse the group in detail. plants and ornamentals and attacks citrus, avo- California records: cados, and other aopical fruits grown com- Imperial Co.: X-926, citrus (E. A. McGregor, mercially. The biology and control have been studied and reported in detail by many workers, C.A.S.); Meloland, VE24-41, grape, H. Jacob; Calexico, H. J. Quayle. among the more recent of whom is Ebeling (1950, pages 640-650). It is found in practically Los Angeles Co.: Westwood, VIII-16-38, fee& all southern California citrusgrowing districts. ing on greenhouse thrips (R. M. Bohart). (See also Ebeling, 1950.) California records: The following are representa- tive and exhibit the wide range 9f hosts and localities out-of-doors in this state. Genus Heliotbtips Haliday Alameda Co.: Berkeley, II-27-06, Laurnstinus (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Body flattened and heavily reticulated. Head Los Angeles Co.: Whittier, VI-17-08, wild wider than long and bluntly pointed forward of flrs. (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). 278 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Mendocino Co.: Anchor Bay, VII-2049, Rhodo- Discussion: Formerly known as the sugarbeet dendron. thrips, it is now called the banded greenhouse Monterey Co.: Big Sur, VIII-14-47, Woodwardia thrips. It is of minor importance in comparison fern (B. S. Schneider). with the greenhouse thrips. Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Barbara, X-13-30, California records: persimmon (E. 0. Essig); IV-1627, avocado Alameda Co.: Berkeley, X-14-31, privet. (Hodgkins); IV-11-11, citrus (E. 0. Essig, Glenn Co.: Hamilton City, 1907, sugar beet (E. C.A.S.). S. G. Titus). Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, 111-12-04, azalea in Riverside Co.: Riverside, VI-1936, sagar beets hothouse (D. Moulton, C.A.A.). in greenhouse (H. E. Wallace). San Diego Co.: San Diego, XII-15-09 (G. Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, IV-10-31, cactus Compere, C. A. S. ). (L. M. Smith). San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, IV-22-26, Yolo Co.: Davis, VII-22-37, sugar beets in Illicium anisatum (E. Walther, C.A.S.); V-18-10, greenhouse. rubber plant (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). San Mateo Co.: Redwood City, XII-1-27, Genus Hercothtips Hood Laurastinus, E. L. Smith, C.A.S.). Sonoma CO.: Santa Rosa, X-18-38, Viburnum Head broader than long, vertex raised between Yolo Co.: Davis, VU-7-38, lime in greenhouse; eyes; ocelli on convex part. Cheeks without VIII-5-41, Pyracantha and Hypericum indentations or collarlike constriction. Head, pronotum, and lateral part of abdomen heavily Genus Hercinothtips Bagnall reticulated. Antennae eight-segmented, segment VI smaller than V; segments VI-VIII closely Head broader than long, dorsum heavily reticu- joined, terminal segment long and slender. Sen-. sory trichomes segments lII and IV forked. lated. Posterior lateral parts notched or con- on Maxillary palpi two-segmented. Prothorax very stricted to form a collar. Ocelli placed on raised broad. Forewings with two longitudinal veins part of vertex. Antennae eight-segmented, two terminal segments forming a slender, sharply which are usually united, with ambient vein giving a very heavy appearMCe to margins. pointed style. Sensory cones forked. Maxillary palpi two-segmented. Pronotum strongly trans- Costal fringe present. Hind coxae large and separated by only about onefifth of their width. verse and shorter than head. Forewings with two longitudinal veins uniformly beset with heavy Tarsi unarmed. Ovipositor downcurved. Male bristles. Tarsi without claws. Ovipositor down- smaller than female and with thornlike bristles on tuned. Male smaller than female and with spu- dorsum of terminal abdominal segments. like, heavy bristles on tergites of terminal ab- dominal s egmen t s. Hercothrips bromi (Moulton)

Hercinothrips fernoralis (0. M. Reuter) Heliothrips bmmi Moulton, 1927. Pan-Pac. Ent., (Pl. 20, fig. 26) 4( 1):31-32. Hercothrips bromi, Bailey, 1935. Pan-Pac. Ent., Heliothrips femoralis 0. M. Reuter, 1891. Medd. 1l(4): 164. Soc. Fauna F1. fenn., 17:166. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype Heliothrips cestsi Pergande, 1895, U.S.D.A., ’$, No. 968, allotype, No. 968, California “Insect Life,” 7(5):390. Academy of Science. Heliothrips femoralis 0. M. Reuter, 1899. Acta. Type locality: Big Tree Camp, Mariposa County, Soc. Fauna F1. fenn., 17:39. California. Heliothnps jemoralis, Hinds. 1902. U.S. Nat. Geographic location: California. MUS., 26:( 1310):172-173. Discussion: Brome grass seems to be nearly Hercinothrips femoralis, Bagnall. 1932. Ann. always associated with this thrips. It is most Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 10(59):506. commonly collected in the late summer on the Location of type: Museum of Helsinki, Finland. banks of streams or at the margins of wooded Type locality: Helsinki, Finland. areas in hot, dry locations. The adults jump Geographic location: Europe, E. Africa, Hawaii, very quickly. In the field it is very difficult to Puerto Rico, North America (widespread in the distinguish this species horn H. jasciatus. United States and Canada in greenhouses). Hood’s description of the genus (1927~)was THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 179 apparently in press at the time Moulton’s Santa Clara Co.: Gilroy, VII-14-36, tomato. description (1927) appeared and so bromi was Yo10 Co.: Davis, IX-4-35, Lactuca scmiola not included. It is not a crop pest as is its Yuba Co.: Marysville, IX-3-38, sow thistle. relative, the bean thrips. California records: Hercothips marginipennis (Hood) Calaveras Co.: Arnold, VIII-17-49, grass. El Dorado Co.: Coloma, VII-18-39, sweeping Heliotbrips marginipennis Hood, 1912. Proc. Ent. grass. Soc. Wash., 14:136-137. Fresno Co.: Fresno, VII-5-39, grass. Hercotbrips murginipennis, Hood, 1927~.Psyche, Madera Co.: Chowchilla, IX-15-39, brome grass. 233. Mariposa Co.: Big Tree Camp, VIII-1-26, 34( 6): Heliothrips bishoppi Moultion, 1929. Bull Brooklyn Bmmus carinatus (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Ent. Soc., 24:229.230. Merced Co.: Merced, VII-5-39, bermuda grass. Hercothrips marginipennis, Hood. 1940. Jour. Ent. Monterey Co.: Jamesburg, V-26-50, dry grass. Sac. Aft., 3:37. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, 1x4348, Bromus Sa. Location of type: Cornell University. rigidus. Type locality: Monterey, Mexico. Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, N-26-49, Geographic range: Mexico, Texas, California sweeping dead grass. Discussion: This thrips appears to be an inhabit- Stanislaus Co.: Empire, IV-13-49, grass. ant of the southwestern area. Little is known of its hosts and life cycle. Hercothrips fasciatus (Pergande) California record: (PI. 21, fig. 32) Riverside Co.: Indio, 1946, corn, Quercus, Heliothrips lasciate Pergande, 1895. U.S.D.A., grasses (H. M. Armitage, Bur. Ent., State of “Insect Life,” 2:391. Calif., Sacramento). Heliothrips lasciatus, Hinds. 1902. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26(1310):82, 174-175. Hercothips phuseoZi (Hood) Caliothrips woodworthi Daniel, 1904. Ent. News, 15:293-297. Heliotbrips phaseoli Hood, 1912. Psyche, 19(4): Hercothrips fasciatus, Hood. 1927c. Psyche, 113. 34:233-242. Heliothrips gossypii Moulton, 1927. Pan-Pac. Location of type: United States National Museum. Ent. , 4(1):32-34. Type locality: Marysville, California. Hercothips phaseoli, Hood. 1927~. Psyche, Geographic location: Western United States and 34(6):233. Mexico, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, Nevada, Hercothrips phaseoli Hood, 1940. Jour. Ent. So. Arizona, California, Hawaii. There are other Afr., 3:37. records in the literature, but we have not seen Location of type: Cornel1 University. the specimens to verify them. This well-known Type locality: Brownsville, Texas. crop pest, the bean thrips, has been sttidied in Geographic range: Mexico, Texas, Arizona, detail (Bailey, 1937). California. California records: At present it is known to me Discussion: In the original description it was from all counties except Mono, Alpine, Sierra, pointed out the insect has injurious potential- Trinity, Plumas, Lassen, Modoc, and Del ities. It has been since collected so rarely that Norte. The following are representative: little new information is available on this Fresno Co.: Fresno, XI-14-29, figs (H. N. thrips. Nymphs of what might well be this H an sen). species have been received from Bard (North Humboldt Co.: Richardson Grove, VIII-8-36, Yuma Valley), California, damaging cantaloupe Dispomm hookeri. in 1951. Imperial Co.: Calipatria, IV-25-39, grape (M. California record: B. Dickson). Imperial Co.: Calexico, IX-1926, citrus (E. A. lnyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, V-18-47, sweeping McGregor, C.A.S.). (R. M. Bohart). Kern Co.: Shafter, VIII-1936, cotton (G. L. Smith). Genus Heterothrips Hood Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, VI-5-38, grass. Merced Co.: Merced, VII-5-39, bermuda grass Antennae nine-segmented; segments 111 and IV and Echinochloa crusgalli. barrel-shaped or vasiform with a circumpolar band 180 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY of sensoria arranged in single or multiple rows, Sensoria arranged in more than 2 rows. .. basal portion of thud with constrictions. All seg .... watsoni Bailey and Cott, 1955 ments free except in sugbenus Protemnothrips Sensoria arranged in 2 rows ...... 6 Hood, in which the three terminal segments are fused. Head usually wider than long. Ocelli Antennal segments 111 and IV yellow present. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Labial usually with orange pigment in distal palpi two-segmented. Legs slender, fore femora part. Middle and hind tibiae yellow at both ends auranticotnis Watson, somewhat enlarged in both sexes, second segment . . 1922 of fore tarsi in both sexes with a fingerlike hook Antennal segments 111 and IV light brown, yellow in basal two-thirds. Legs at base. Forewings slender and pointed, the two III brown. gillettei Moulton, longitudinal veins beset with short, stout bristles. .... 1929 Posterior margin of abdominal segments fringed Pronotum cross-striate with lines not with small setae variously arranged, the bases of closely parallel ...... 8 some groups fused into plates. The sides of the Pronotum smooth, or reticulated to varying abdominal segments are reticulated along which degrees, frequently forming polygons .10 marking are usually arranged rows of microtrichia Terminal comb setae abdominal plates as in Seticothrips. Ovipositor curved downward. on Male smaller than female with abdominal fringe of 2 or 3 times longer than base. One row circle of sensory areas at tip of setae weaker. Sternites of abdominal segments 11, or antennal segments 111 and IV...... In, or IV to VIII usually with a clear oval area on ...... uernus Hood, 1939 each, centrally and anteriorly located. Some Terminal comb setae abdominal plates species with a pair of heavily chitinized fingerlike on shorter than base. Two irregular rows or projections on dorsum of segment others with DL; circles of sensory areas, at least ven- neither projections or oval areas. trally, at tip of antennal segments III andW ...... 9 9(8). Antennal segment I11 white to yellow; Key to the North American Species 0.076-0.087 mm. in length. Sides of comb of Heterothrips plates overlapping and appearing to be fused. Male glandular areas small 1. Comb fringe of setae on posterior lateral (0.025-0.028 mm. wide on segment VIII) margins of abdominal terga simple and ... prosopidis J. C. Crawford, 1943 not fused into plates at base...... Antennal segment 111 with basal two-thirds (Group I) ...... 2 yellow, remainder dark gray-brown; 0.071 Comb or fringe of setae on posterior lateral mm. in length. Male glandular areas large margins of abdominal terga fused into (0.060 mm. wide on segment VIII). ... plates at base. ..(Group 11). ...7 ...... lasquerellae Hood, 1939 2(1). Pronotum finely cross-striate .....3 lO(7). Comb plates extending across entire pos- Pronotum reticulate, often faintly so, lines terior margins of terga of abdominal seg tending to form polygons ...... 4 ments 11-IV ....Zimbatus Hood, 1925 Comb plates only on posterior lateral 3(2). Middle and hind tibiae pale yellow at both margins- of abdominal segments I-VI. .I1 ends. Antennal segment III 0.072 mm. long; V grayish yellow ...... ll(10). Base of comb plates completely fused...... analis Hood, 1915 Antennal segment I11 0.090 mm. long. Glandular area sternite of abdominal Middle and hind tibiae yellowish brown at on distal ends only. Antennal segment 111 segment VIII of male wide, 0.065 mm. in width...... 0.054-0.061 mm. long; V brown. - . I . decacornis D. L. Crawford, 1909 uitis (tiliae Watson, ... . Hood, 1916 1920) Base of comb plates partly fused, over- lapping, or distinct. Antennal segment 4(2). Sensoria tip of antennal segment on III shorter than 0.090 mm. Glandular (and sometimes reduced to a narrow III IV) areas sternite of male absent single row dorsum. on VIII ox on ...... smaller...... cuernctvacae Watson, 1939 ...... 12 Sensoria on antennal segments 111 and IV 12(11). Terminal abdominal segment (X) long and arranged in 2 or more rows...... 5 pointed, 0.1-0.11 mm. in length . . 13 THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 181

Terminal abdominal segment not long and zO(l9). Comb plates strongly tapered. Central pointed...... 14 patch of tergal setae on abdominal seg ments 11-V well developed with the bases 13(12). Pronotum and abdominal sternites heavily frequently fused into weak comb plates setose. Abdominal sternites with pos- on V (and usually on VI) ...... terior fringe of setae at lateral margins salicis Shull, 1309 only mexicanus Watson, 1924 ...... Comb plates slightly tapered, as broad or Pronotum and abdominal sternites not broader than long on V. Central patch of heavily setose. Abdominal sternites 11- tergal setae on II-V very weak, sparse VI with complete fringe of setae on pos- and bases not fused ...... terior margins . . pectinifer Hood, 1915 ...... aeseuli Watson, 1915 14(12). Antennal segments I11 and IV strongly vasiform with a broad band of sensoria Heterothrips pectinifer Hood arranged in a complete double row ...... atisaemae Hood, 1908 Heterothrips pectinifer Hood, 1915. Insec. Inscit. Antennal segments I11 and IV not vasiform menst., 3(1-415-7. and with band of sensoria narrow and Heterothtips pectinifer, Bailey and Cott, 1954. sometimes reduced to a single row . .15 Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 47(4):616, 626-628. Location of type: Cornell University. 15(14). Terminal fringe of setae comb plates on on Type locality: Tempe, Arizona. posterior lateral margin of abdominal Geographic location: Texas, Utah, Arizona, Cali- tergite VI longer than length of base .16 fornia. Terminal fringe of setae on comb plates on posterior lateral margin of abdominal Discussion: Of the North American representatives of this genus, pectinifer is one of the most tergite VI shorter than length of base .I8 commonly collected in the southwestern arid 16(15). Basal plates on posterior margins of areas. The principal host is desert malva. There abdominal tergites weakly formed, short is one generation a year and feeding and reprcr and broad ...... duction appear to take place only in the ....quercicola J. C. Crawford, 1942 flowers. Basal plates on posterior margins of ab- California records: dominal tergites distinct, nearly as long Inyo Co.: Mazurka Canyon, VI-20-37, mallow as terminal fringe ...... 17 (C. Beutler). Kern Co.: Boron, IV-25-50, Malua flrs.; 17(16). Setae and microtrichia at lateral margins of Johan- nesburg, VI-1-52, Malua flrs. abdominal segments sparse. Antennal Riverside Co.: Aguanga, IV-27-50, apricot segment bicolorous IV ...... Idyllwild, VI-652, Sphaeralcea sp. (P. Zyoniae Hood, 1916 mallow; W...... Smith); Palm Springs, IV-15-39, ex yucca Setae and microtrichia at lateral margins of (R. U abdominal segments closely spaced. An- Bohatt). San Diego Co.: Julian, IV-23-50, orange mallow tennalsegmentIVbrawn ...... J...... azaleae Hood, 1916 (W. Wall). 18(15). Lateral parts of abdominal tergites heavily Heterothrips prosopidis C. Crawford pubescent, the lines from which the J. microtrichia arise closely spaced. ... Heterothrips prosopidis J. C. Crawford, 1943. uiti/lon*dus Bailey and Cott, 1955 ... Proc. Ent. SOC.Wash., 45(4):93-94. Lateral parts abdominal tergites of Heterothrips prosopidis, Bailey and Cott, 1954. sparsely pubescent and reticulations Ann. Ent. SOC.Amer., 47(4):616, 628-630. with or without irregularly spaced microtrichia ...... 19 Location of type: United States National Museum, Cat. No. 56496. 19(18). Microtrichia on lateral margins of ab- Type locality: Brownsville, Texas. dominal tergites absent. Antennal seg- Geographic location: Texas, Arizona, California. ment I11 0.077 mm. long...... Discussion: This species has the same general ...... xolismae Hood, 1936 distribution and habits as pectinifer except that Microtrichia present on lateral margins of it is found in the flowers of mesquite. It can be abdominal tergites. Antennal segment 111 separated from this other species by the short 0.954-0.057 mm. long...... 20 terminal abdominal segment and the overlapping 182 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY and apparent lateral fusion of the bases of the Ocelli present. Prothorax wider than long; two comb plates. well-developed bristles at each outer, posterior California records: angle and with reduced bristles at the anterior Kern Co.: Randsburg, VI-1-52, mesquite flrs. angles, as in Thrips. Maxillary palpi three-seg- San Diego Co.: Bonsall, V-7-49, host unknown mented. Tarsi unarmed., Forewings large, pointed, (R. M. Bohart). regularly beset on the two longitudinal veins with strong bristles. Abdomen normal; ovipositor down- Heterothrips salicis Shull curved. Male smaller than female; antennal seg (Pl. 19, figs. 18, 19) ment VI1 greatly reduced and with variable sensory areas on abdominal sternites. Heterothrips salicis Shull, 1908. Ent. News, 20(5): 220-221. Isonsurothrips australis Bagnall Heterothrips salicis, Bailey and Cott, 1954. Ann. (Pl. 21, fig. 39) Ent. SOC. Amer., 47(4):617, 630-631. Location of type: United States National Museum, lsoneurothrips australis Bagnall, 1915. Ann. Mag. Cat. No. 12635. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, 15:592-593. Type locality: Huron County, Michigan. Isoneurothrips australis, Morison, 1930. Bull. Ent. Geographic location: Michigan, Illinois, California. Res., 2 1(1): 13-1 4. Discussion: Like many Heterothrips, this species Location of type: British Museum. is restricted in its host range; it is known only Type locality: Mundaring Weir, Darling Range, from willow catkins. Perth, W. Australia. California records: Geographic location: Australia, Japan, Cyprus, Alpine Co.: Markleeville, VI-13-50, willow (R. Palestine, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, North M. Bohart). America. Modoc Co.: Chimney Rock, V-24-49, willow. Discussion: In recent years this newly introduced thrips has been rapidly extending its range. Heterothrips vitijloridus Bailey and Cott According to Steele (1935) its biology appears similar to Frankliniella occidentalis, but as yet Heterothips vitiflotidus Bailey and Cott, 1954. this Australian species has not become a pest Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 47(4):631-632. in California. Location of type: University of California, Davis. California records: Type locality: Winters, California. Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 1951, native Geographic location: California. shrubs. Discussion: This species appears to be the Orange Co.: Orange, 1949 (H. H. Keifer); Stanton, 111-2 blackberry western counterpart of vitis, which is principally 653, (A. F. H.). San Bernardino Co.: Cucamonga, orange, III-8-46 eastern. A study the Heterotbrips found of on Dickson). various species of Northern American grape (R. C. San Diego Co.: Pine Valley, IV-2650, Ade- undoubtedly will extend the knowledge of this nosto sparsifolium group of insects. ma California records: Santa Clara Co.: Palo Alto, Stanford Univ., 111- 14-47, galls (J. Tilden, CAS.). Colusa Co.: Nr. Grizzly Springs Lake, V-14-47, W. wild grape flrs. Mariposa Co.: Indian Flat, VI-3-38, wild grape Genus Kuttomatbn'ps Moulton flrs. Placer Co.: Penryn, V-19-39, wild grape flrs. Antennae eight-segmented; segment 11 large and Shasta Co.: Ingot, V-23-49, grape flrs. globular, III small and with distinct pedicel. Solano Co.: Nr. Winters, IV-30-39, wild grape Sensory trichomes simple, that on segment 111 flrs.; Mix Canyon, IV-30-39, wild grape flrs. small and difficult to discern. Style two-segmented. Vertex of head roughened, with an irregular v- shaped groove on vertex. Ocelli wanting. Mouth Genus Isoneumtbrips Bagnall cone long. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Prothorax about twice as wide at posterior as at Antennae seven-segmented, segment VI large, VI1 anterior margin. Surface with irregular ridges. One reduced. Sensory uichomes on 111 and IV forked. bristle at each outer posterior angle longer than Head wider than long, cheeks slightly rounded. others. Bristles on pronotum and head thickened, THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 183 curved, and usually serrate at tip. Wings absent. 2(1). Crimson spot in front of head between Legs short, roughened, and unarmed. Bristles on antennae (So. America) ...... dorsum of abdominal segments I-VIII broad and . . . . . - . . theobromae Pr., 1923 curved. Posterior margins of pro- and meta-nota Head not so colored ...... 3 and abdominal tergites I-VIII with a continuous 3(2). Wings (fore pair) brown (Europe) row coarse, bluntly rounded comb teeth. Ovi- dusky . . of ...... nigripennis Reuter, 194 positor dawnturned. Male similar to female but Wings pale ...... - . . . - - . 4 much smaller and without thornlike bristles or claspers on terminal abdominal segments. 4(3). Sensory trichomes on antennal segments III and lV forked (Guadeloupe, Fr. W. Kurtomathrips numilli Moulton Indies) ...... furcatus Hood, 1931 (PI. 20, fig. 28) Sensory trichomes simple (U.S.) ...... - . .pierce; (Morgan), 1913 Kurtomathrips morrilli Moulton, 1927. Bull. Brook- lyn Ent. SOC., 22:187-188. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, Leucothips furcatus Hood No. 896, California Academy of Science. Type locality: Gila Bend, Arizona. Geographic location: Arizona, Nevada, California. Leucothrips furcatus Hood, 1931. Bull. Brooklyn Discussion: The genus is monotypic. The first Ent. SOC.,26:153. Location of type: Cornel1 University. record of the insect was that of severe injury to cotton. This is hard to understand since it is a Type locality: Guadeloupe, French West Indies. wingless sluggish thrips, and cotton fields in Geographic location: West Indies, California. Discussion: We are assigning to this species eight the West are intensively irrigated and cultivated. The second report, in 1939, of the species was specimens collected on willow leaves at Davis, from California, where it was damaging chrys- California. All stages were found on the host in August. We have not seen any of the Hood anthemum. The conditions causing the increase of rnorrilli to injurious proportions are unknown. specimens . California records: California record: Yolo Co.: Davis, 111-20.38, willow. (First record Kings Co.: Hanford, IX-30-39, chrysanthemum in United States.) (H. H. Keifer). Monterey Co.: Herb Creek, VI-10-40, Wyethia ovata (E. G. Linsley). Leucothips pietcei (Morgan) Genus Leucothrips Reuter (PI. 21, fig. 38)

Antennae seven-segmented, style one-segmented. Microthrips pierrei Morgan, 1913. Proc. U.S. Nat. Sensory trichomes on segments 111 and IV simple. Mus., 46 (2008) :19-21. Head wider than long and somewhat indented Lezuotbrips piercei, Hood. 1931. Pan-Pac. Ent., beyond the eyes. Ocelli present. hfaxillary palpi 7(4):170. two-segmented. Pronotum with a row of well- Location of type: United States Natioeal Museum, Cat. 15728. developed bristles along posterior margin; those on No. anterior margin reduced. Forewings with one Type locality: Dallas, Texas. longitudinal vein. Abdominal segments II-VIII with Geographic location: South America, Hawaii, a pair of closely placed bristles in the center of Mexico, New York, Virginia, Maryland, Tennes see, Texas, California. each tergite. Segment VIII with a comb. Tarsi Discussion: This thrips is not commonly collected unarmed. Male smaller than female and without and little is known about it. colonies thornlike bristles or claspers on terminal seg- Small ments. occur on various host plants such as cotton, eggplant, linden, mustard, and so forth, which indicates a broad host range. Key to the Known Species of Leucothips California records: Imperial Co.: El Centro, VIII-1942. 1. Antennae 8-segmented (Brazil) ...... Kern Co.: Shafter, XII-12-35, mustard (G. L...... pictus Hood, 1752 Smith). Arvin, XI-5-47, cotton (G. L. Smith). Antennae Fsegmented...... 2 Yolo Co.: Davis, XI-2-38, willow. 184 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Genus Limothrips Haliday Amador Co.: Ione, VI-8-39, meadow grasses. Contra Costa Co.: Brentwood, 111-1636, fiddle- Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented. neck (A. T. McClay). Sensory trichomes simple or forked. Head about as Ftesno Co.: Fresno, VII-5-39, watergass. wide as long, extending forward in front of eyes. Kern Co.: Shafter, V-21-41, Atriplex (R. E. Ocelli present in female. Maxillary palpi two-seg Suggett). mented. Mouth I1 cone rounded, reaching to center Lake Co.: Upper Lake, V-14-47, sweeping grass. of prothorax. Prothorax wider than long; with one Los Angeles Co.: Pasadena, V-29-38, mullein long bristle at each outer posterior angle of (H. L. Marsh). pronotum. All other bristles on head and pronotum Merced Co.: Merced, VII-5-39, bermuda grass. reduced. Forewings long and pointed, broadest in San Luis Obispo Co.: Pismo Beach, IV-24-51, basal fourth. Two longitudinal veins present. sweeping beach shrubs. Abdominal segment VIII without comb, dorsum of Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, fI-19-36, under terminal segment with a pair of very heavy, short sycamore bark. bristles. Male smaller than female, without ocelli Siskiyou Co.: Gazelle, VI-22-48, marsh grasses. and wings, with antennal segments reduced. Termi- Solano Co.: Fairfield, XI-&39, beating live oak. nal abdominal segments with fingerlike, short Sonoma Co.: Petaluma, VI-10-51, grass (E. I. chitinous processes on the dorsum of segment IX. Schlinger); Skaggs Island, VII-30-51, oats. Stanislaus Co.: El Solyo, X-22-31, under grape bark (J. F. Lamiman). to the American Species Limothips. Key North of Yo10 Co.: Davis, VI-7-35, wild oats, VI-27-31, 1. Antennal segments without lateral prcr wild lettuce, barley. jections; segments I11 and IV with simple sense cones. . cerealium Haliday, 1836 Limothrips cerealium Haliday Antennal segments with lateral projections; (Pl. 20, fig. 23) sense cone on segment 111 variable . . 2 Limothtips cerealium Haliday, 1836. Ent. Mag., Third antennal segment prolonged laterally; 2(1). 3 :44-44 5. sense cone simple ...... Limotbrips auenae Hinds, 19Q2. Proc. U.S. Nat. . (. denticornis Haliday, 1836 . . . . 26(1310):139-141. Second antennal segment extended laterally. Mus., Limotbrips cerealium, Priesner, 1926. Thys. Eur., Sense cone on segment III forked...... angulicornis Jablonowski, 1894 pp. 150-154. Location of type: Unknown to me. Type locality: Probably northern Europe. Limothrips angulicornis J ablonowki Geographic range: Europe, Africa, Australia, Hawaii, India. In North America we know of Limothrips angulicornis Jablonowski, 1894. Term. current records from California, Florida, Illinois, Fuzetek., 17:45. Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Limothrips setan’ae Jones, 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Ent., Tech Ser., No. 23, p. 8. Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Limotbrips angulicornis, Herrick, 1924. Ann. Ent. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. SOC.Amer., 17(2):231-232. Discussion: In 1948 I reviewed the status of this Limotlbtips angulisonzis. Priesner, 1926. Thys. and other grain- and grass-infesting species. Em., p. 145. The common name officially adopted for this Location of type: Museum of Budapest, Hungary. thrips is the grain thrips. In the Middle West and Type localiv. Probably Central Europe. in Europe great swarms of adults occur at grain Geographic location: Europe, Mediterranean area, harvest. It is frequently referred to as “black Australia, North America. fly,” “oat-bug,” etc. Certain years, when Discussion: In California this species does not weather conditions are favorable for its in- occur in large numbers like cerealium and there- crease, this thrips causes injury to small grains. fore is not a pest of grain. However, its life I first found it in California in 1932, although it cycle is similar, and it aestivates in the hot undoubtedly had been here for some time. It weather under bark and in dry grass and in reaches a seasonal peak of abundance in June buildings. and early July and then aestivates. California records: The following are representa- California records: The following are representa- tive: tive: THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA I: TEREBRANTIA 18 5

Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, VIII-20-49, lupine. much yet to learn about thrips. It has a life Fresno Co.: Fresno, 111-1643, weeds (Leslie M. cycle similar to the related aeolothripids occur- Smith). ring in the spring on flowering shrubs. Los Angeles Co.: Pasadena, V-29-38, mullein California records: (H. L. Marsh). W. Los Angeles, IV-14-40, stems Riverside Co.: Idyllwild, Mt. San. Jacinto, IV-7- (C. Everhaus). Alhambra, VI-6-32, in residence. 39, Elicameria pinifolia (R. M. Bohart); Aguanga, Arroyo Seco, V-29-38 (H. L. Marsh). IV-25-50, Pnrnus (H. E. Cott and S. F. Bailey). Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, VII-7-48. San Diego Co.: Pine Valley, IV-26-50, Ade- Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco, V-26-49, sweepings. nostoma spmsifolium; Warner Springs, V-25-51, Napa Co.: Napa, V-4-48, grass. Mt. St. Helena, beating. IV-30-49, grass and oak. Orange Co.: Tustin, VI-18-47, orange. Riverside Co.: Temecula, N-25-50, red shanks. Genus Merothips Hood Aguanga, IV-25-50, Prunus. San Diego Co.: Jacumba, IV-26-49, sweeping; Antennae eighrsegmented, segments somewhat Chula Vista, V-7-49, sweeping (R. M. Bohart). moniliform; terminal segments not fused. Narrow Santa Clara Co.: Stanford University, IV-27-49, sensory areas, one to a segment, partly encircle grass. the tip of segments 111 and IV. Segments 111-IX Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, VI-6.50, perennial pedicillate. Head small. Eyes reduced and ocelli lupine; Green Valley, IV-2647, sweeping (R. M. wanting in apterous form. A long slender bristle is Bohart). situated between base of antennae and eye. Sonoma Co.: Skaggs Island, V-4-51, oats; Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Prothorax broader Knights Valley, 111-10-36, grass. than long with one long, slender bristle at each Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, VIII-2-50, grass. posterior outer angle. Forewings, when present, Yo10 Co.: Davis, 111-2647, grass (A. T. McClay). slender and sharply pointed, two longitudinal veins regularly beset with small bristles, fringe very long. Legs short and thickened, fore and hind Genus Melantbrips Haliday femora swollen. Abdomen bluntly pointed at tip with greatly reduced ovipositor and long slender Antennae nine-segmented, the terminal segments bristles. Male smaller than female with large spur not closely joined. Segments I11 and N with linear at tip of fore tibiae (greatly reduced in female) and sensay areas partly encircling segments at tip without chitinous projections on apical segments. usually at angle. Head generally wider than long. Ocelli present. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Labial palpi two-segmented. Pronotum wider than long; with well-developed bristles along posterior margin. Fore tibiae armed with spurs. Fore tarsi without claws. Forewings broad and rounded with Metothrips morgani Hood, 1912. Proc. Ent. SOC. two longitudinal veins and distinct cross veins. Wash.: 14:132-134. Ovipositor upturned. Male smaller than female and Location of type: Cornell University. with first abdominal segment elongated; without Type locality: Homer, Illinois. thornlike bristles or claspers. Geographic location: New York, New Jersey, Mary- land, District of Columbia, Florida, Kentucky, ' Illinois, Iowa, California. Melanthrips digitus Bailey Discussion: Members of this unique group of thrips (Pl. 17, fig. 6) are rare, difficult to collect, and little is known of their biology. Almost always they are found Melanthrips digitus Baildy, 1954~.Proc. Ent. SOC. in association with dead trees, bark, and beetle Wash., 56(2):79-80. burrows. Location of type: University of California, Davis. California records: Type locality: Pine Valley, San Diego County, Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, XII-21-48 in beetle bur- California. row in dead willow (H. E. Cott, Cott Collection). Geographic location: California. Riverside Co.: Indio, X-10-38, date plm (H. H. Discussion: The recent finding of the European Keifer). genus Melanthrips in North America well estab- Solano CO.: Green Valley, VII-23-50 dead willow lished on a native shrub indicates that there is (H. E. Cott, Cott collection) 186 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Genus Monilotbrips Moulton broad and pointed with two longitudinal veins. Abdominal segment VIII with weak, incomplete Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented, comb. Ovipositor downcurved. Male smaller than segment VI small and segments I11 and IV vasiform female, abdominal segment IX with one pair of similar to the heliotbripids. Sensory trichomes on small, reduced thornlike spines. Claspers and segments I11 and IV forked and very long. Head sensory areas on sternites wanting. wider than long with a collarlike band of reticula- tion near posterior margin. Postocular bristles well developed. Ocelli present. Maxillary palpi Odontothrips loti (Haliday) three-segmented. Prothorax wider than long and (Pl. 21, fig. 35) without polygonal reticulations; all four angles with long bristles. Legs unarmed. Forewings very Tbrips loti Haliday. Walker, 1852. Homop. Ins. long and pointed; two longitudinal veins near Brit. Mus., p. 1108. margins and evenly beset with bristles. Abdomen Eutbrips ulicis californicus Moulton, 1907, U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Set., No. 12, 111, with reticulation on segments 11-VIII; terminal segment split above. Ovipositor downturned. Male pp. 55-56 unknown. Odofftothrips loti, Williams, 1916. Entomologist, p. 277. The detailed European synonymy has been given Monilothrips kempi Moulton by Priesner (1926, pp. 224-230), Hood (19141, (Pl. 21, fig. 31) and Moulton (1929). Location of type: Unknown to me. Monilothrips kempi Moulton, 1929. Rec. Ind. Mus., Type locality: Probably Central Europe. 31(2):94-95. Geographic location: Europe, North America; Vir- Location of type: Indian Museum, Calcutta. ginia, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, Washington, Type locality: Sureil, Nangphu, Darjiling District., California. East Himalayas, India. Discussion: This large, Taeniothrips-like species Geographic location: India, North America. is common in lupine flowers in the spring. Discussion: This rare thrips has been previously Fortunately it has never adapted to cultivated known only from India. In collections it can be crops. It is readily identified by the claw at the easily confused with the bean thrips, Herco- tip of the fore tibia. thrips /asciatw (Perg.). Its finding in North California records: America, a most unusual distribution, was fkt Inyo Co.: Mt. Whitney, VI-20-37, lupine (G. L. reported by Bailey and Cott (1952). Smith); Bishop Creek, VIII-2-36, lupine (R. M. California records: Bohart). Monterey Co.: Big Sur, VIII-31-46 and IX-12-54, Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V- 19-38, coffee fern (W. H. Lange). lupine. Napa Co.: Monticello, 111-31-31, wild vetch Smith and F. Bailey); Mt. St. Helena, Genus Odontotbtips Amyot and Setville (L. M. S. IV-10-35, lupine. Placer Ca: Applegate, III-15-36, lupine. Antennae eighesegmented, style two-segmented. Santa Clara Co,: Los Gatos, (P. Segments 111 and with forked sensory trichomes, W-9-10 R. IV Jones). VI with a lanceolate clear, sensory area the on Solano Canyon, III-6-36, wild flowers inner face extending from the tip downward about Ca: Mix Bohart), Hardin Flat, VI-9-38, lupine. half the length the segment. From this area (R. hi. of Yo10 Co.: Davis, V-15-36, grass. arises a blade-shaped, narrow sensory structure sharply pointed at distal end. Head wider than long. Interocellar bristle long, postoculars short. Genus Oligotbn’ps Moulton Cheeks slightly roughened and curved. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Mouth cone long but not Antennae nine-segmented, terminal joints not reaching posterior margin of prosternum. Prothorax fused. Segments 111 and 1V each with one oval much larger than head and broader than long. Two sensory area at tip on outer surface from which long bristles at each outer posterior angle and one arises a spearhead-shaped cone. Head slightly at anterior angles as in Frankliniella. Fore tibiae wider than long, widest at posterior margin; with heavy curved claw on lower, inner distal end. bristles long. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Fore tarsi with one or two small reduced spurs on Labial palpi two-segmented. Ocelli present. Eyes inner face and at distal end of segment 11. Wings not prolonged ventrally. Prothorax about twice as THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 187 wide as long. Posterior margin of pronotum with hook. Forewings broad and rounded at tip with two row of bristles and with the appearance of Me- longitudinal veins and cross veins. Ovipositor lunthrips. Fore tarsi with curved claw. Forewings upturned. Terminal abdominal segments taper long, bluntly pointed, and with two longitudinal abruptly, dorsum at last segment not split above. veins. Abdominal segment VI11 without comb, tip Male smaller than female. Sensory areas on sharply pointed; ovipositor downcurved. Male antennal segment IV larger than in female. Ab- smaller than female with fore femora noticeably domen slender with first segment much longer than swollen and long, narrow sensory areas on ab- second. Terminal segments without claspers or dominal sternites 111-VIII. thornlike bristles.

Oligothtips oreios Moulton Key to the World Species of Orothn'ps (Pl. 19, figs. 17, 20) Sensory areas on antennal segments I11 and Oligothrips oreios Moulton, 1933. Pan-Pac. Ent., IV elongated and definitely linear, 2 to 9(31: 139-140. each segment ...... 2 Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype q, Sensory areas on antennal segments 111 and No. 4753, California Academy of Science. IV round or oval, 2 to each segment . 3 Type locality: Grass Valley, Nevada County, Cali- Sensory areas on antennal segment 111 fornia. about one-fourth length of segment which Geographic location: California, Oregon. is about &Lp in length. Antennal segnnent Discussion: The genus to date still is monotypic. II brown in color similar to body, seg The host specificity is narrow, being limited ment 111 light brown in basal third. Total almost specifically to the blossoms of madrone body length about 1.6 mm. (W. No. Amer.) and manzanita. As is the case with many ...... -0. keeni Moulton, 1927 western thrips, there is only one generation a Sensory areas (about 50p in length) on year, the active feeding stages being found in antennal segment III extending nearly to the early spring. center of segment which is 91 to 130p in California records: length. Antennal segment I1 brown or El Dorado Co.: Clarksville, IV-7-32, (A. C. with tip light brown, segment III yellow- Browne, C.A.S.). ish brown in basal half. Remainder of Lake Co.: Cobb Mt., IV-24-35, manzanita; segments brown. Total body length about Kelseyville, IV-24-35, pear. 2.4 rnm (W. No. Amer.) ...... Lassen Go.: Nubieber, V-23-49, cherry...... 0. kelloggii Moulton, 1907 Marin Co.: Mt. Tamalpais, IV-17-35, manzanita. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-30-49, manzanita. Sensory areas on antennal segment III Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, on blossoms of almost equal in size, irregularly oval manzanita and madrone, N-19-32, (C.A.S.); Rough and the smaller one from 9 to 13p long and Ready, N-24-49, manzanita; Grass. Valley, by 6 to llp wide. Antennal segment II IV-8-51, manzanita. dark brown at base shading to yellowish Placer Co.: Applegate, 111-15-51, manzanita. brown at tip, segment I11 yellow to Shasta Co.: Bayles, 111-1639, manzanita (A. T. yellowish brown in basal half. Remainder McClay). of segments brown. Antennal segment III, 71 to 97p in length. Total body length about 1.6 mm (W. No. Amer.). .. 0. yosemitii Moulton, 1911 Genus Orothrips Moulton ...... Sensory areas on antennal segments I11 and oval, and nearly all equal in size. Antennae nine-segmented, all segments freely IV Length of antennal segment 111, 105~, articulated. Segments 111 and IV each with two Total body length 1.58 mm. (India) ... circular to linear sensory areas. Ocelli present. -. .. raoi Moulton, 1927 Eyes very slightly prolonged ventrally. Maxillary ..... 0. palpi geniculate, seven-segmented. Labial palpi four-segmented, plus a minute basal attachment. Omthrips kelIoggii Moulton Prothorax wider than long with well-developed (Pl. 18, fig. 8) bristles on posterior margin. Fore femora swollen. All tibiae with spines at the tip, those on fore Olothrips kelloggii, Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Tech. tibiae well-developed. Fore tarsi with fingerlike Ser., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 45-46. 188 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Orothrips kelloggii, Bailey, 1949b. Pan-Pac. Ent., California records: 25(3):104-112. Alpine Co.: Carson Pass, VII-1-36, wild flrs. Location of type: Modton collection. Holotype 9, Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diabld, IV-12-35, Cea- No. 179, California Academy of Science. nothus. Type locality: Santa Clara Valley, California, El Dorado Co.: Placerville, IV-13-47, live oak according to original description; type slide has flrs.; Emerald Bay, VII-7-39, Ceanothus. no data thereon. Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, V-19-47, grass (R. M. Geographic location: British Columbia, Oregon, B ohart). Arizona, California. Mariposa Co.: Wawona, V-31-36, Ceanothus; Discussion: This Orothrips is often found together Yosemite Valley, VI-5-38, sweeping grass, 6,000'; with yosemitii. Nevada Falls, VI-19-37, Prunus demissa California records: Modoc Co.: Willow Ranch, V-24-49, Prunus. Colusa Co.: Williams, 111-6-35, manzanita; Monterey Co.: Monterey, Hastings Natural Wilbur Springs, 1-23-35, manzanita flrs. (S. F. History Reservation, V-1-48, grass (J. M. Lins- Bailey and L. J. Berry). dale). Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, manzanita, XII- Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, 111-7-48, oak catkins. 30-48 (S. F. Bailey and H. E. Cott). Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, IV-26-36, Ceanothus; El Dorado Co.: Camino, V-12-37, Ceanothus. Nevada City, IV-27-39, madrone (S. F. Bailey and Fresno Co.: VI-27-48, manzanita (A. T. McClay). F. Andre). Lake Co.: Cobb Mt., IV-24-35, manzanita. Placer Co.: Penryn, 111-12-35, Ceanothus; Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, manzanita, V- Emerald Bay, VII-7-39, Ceanothus. 17-3 8. Sacramento Co.: Folsom, IV-3-47, grass under Monterey Co.: Monterey, IV-25-48, Arbutus oak. menziesii (J. M. Linsdale). San Bernardino Co.: Cajon Pass, IV-12-36, Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, V-6-37, madtone; Mt. Ceanothus (R. M. Bohart). St. Helena, XII-21-48, manzanita (H. E. Cott and San Mateo Co.: Redwood City, manzanita (D. S. F. Bailey). Moulton). Nevada Co.: Nevada City, IV-27-39, madrone Santa Barbara Co.: Santa Barbara, Brassica (S. F. Bailey and F. Andre). Shasta Co.: Manzanita Lake, VII-22-47, sweep- Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, V-21-48, manzanita ing grass. flrs. (R, M. Bohart). Siskiyou Co.: Yreka, gladiolus. Sants Clara Co.: Santa Clara Valley, manzanita Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, 111-6-26, Ceanothus; and madrone flrs. (from original description). Vacaville, 111-2-34, plum (C. H. Wren); Vacaville, Shasta Co.: Bayles, 111-1649, manzanita (A. T. IV-10-48, oak catkins (S. F. Bailey and K. Saki- McCla y). mum). Sonoma Co.: Kenwood, 111-15-39, manzanita; Tulare Co.: Sequoia Park. Kellogg, IV-22-37, madrone. Yo10 Co.: Rumsey, sweeping grass, IV-11-36.

Orothrips yosemitii Moulton Orothrips kelloggii yosemitii Moulton, 1911. Genus Oxythrips Uzel U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 21, p. 34. Orothrips yosemitii Moulton, 1927. Bull. Brooklyn Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented; Ent., 22(4):183. segment VI usually with partial line of cleavage Orothrips uariabilis Moulton. Bull. Brooklyn Ent., as in Annphothn'ps, trichomes forked on segments 22(4): 184. I11 and IV. Head wider than long. Ocelli present. Orothrips yosemitii, Bailey, 19493. Pan-Pac. Ent., Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Prothorax wider 2 5 (3): 104- 112. than long with one long bristle at each outer Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, posterior angle of pronorum. Forewings with two No. 101, California Academy of Science. longitudinal veins; hind vein regularly beset with Type locality: Yosemite Valley, California. small bristles. Terminal abdominal segment long Geographic location: British Columbia, Wyoming, and tubular in some species. Ovipositor down- Oregon, Washington, California. turned. Comb absent on segment VIII. Male Discussion: This is the most widely distributed smaller than female with heavy thornlike bristles species in the group. It is abundant in the spring on dorsum of abdominal segment IX and sternites and early summer in flowering shrubs. with oval sensory areas. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 189 Oxythrips quercicola Bagnall Geographical location: Chiefly in greenhouses, (Pl. 22, fig. 44; pl. 23, fig. 53) in Europe, India, North America, Australia, In the United States it is known from California, Oxythrips quercicola Bagnall, 1926. Ent. Mon. District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New Mag., 62:282. Jersey, New York, and Oklahoma. Location of type: Bagnall collection, British Discussion: The dracaena or palm thrips is a Museum. species of minor importance and is nearly Type locality: Berwickshire, Scotland. always collected in greenhouses. Its native Geographic location: British Isles, California. home appears to be unknown. Discussion: This determination is a provisional California records: one as we have not seen pinicola Hood or San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, VI-17-30 pallidiuentris Hood. The one European speci- Kentia Palms (J. B. Steinweden), VI-20-39, men of quercicola in our collection does not Hedera helix (E. 0. Essig, C.A.S.). have a partial suture in the distal part of anten- Yo10 Co.: Davis, 1928, greenhouse (F. H. nal segment VI which is evident in the Cali- Wymore). fornia specimens from pine. The collection of this genus, both in oak catkins and from pine Genus Plesiothrips Hood needles, a new record for the state, indicates the need for a study and a generic review of Head slightly wider than long, projecting for- particularly in North America. Oxythrips, ward beyond eyes. Ocelli present, anterior ocel- California records: lus forward of fore margin of eyes. Maxillary Kern Co.: Walker Pass, 111-30-52, Pinus monti- palpi three-segmented. Antennae seven-segmented; folia (E. I. Schlinger). style one-segmented, forked sensory trichomes on Nevada Co.: Nevada City, oak car V-13-51, segments 111 and IV. Prothorax about same length kins J. Wall and F. Bailey). (W. S. as head and only slightly wider; two well-devel- oped bristles at each outer posterior angle. Fore- Genus Paithenothzips Uzel wings narrowest in second fourth, with two longitudinal veins. Tarsi unarmed. Abdominal Head, thorax, legs, and forewings heavily sculp- segment VI11 without comb; terminal segments tured with network of polygons. Head wider than abruptly pointed. Ovipositor downcurved, some long, eyes protruding. Ocelli situated on raised what reduced. Tarsi without claws. Male smaller part of vertex. Maxillary palpi two-segmented. than female and with antennal segments differ Antennae seven-segmented, slender, sensory ently proportioned; 111 short, IV-VI long and trichomes on segments I11 and IV small and covered with long, slender bristles, VI1 greatly simple, style one-segmented and terminating in reduced. Base of segments IV and V with acces- long, threadlike seta. Bristles on head and sory small ring segment. Abdominal segment IX proootum broad and lanceolate. Forewing broad, with a pair of very heavily developed thornlike with very heavy ring vein; fore vein fused with spurs on tergite IX arising from chitinous base. costa, one longitudinal vein. Costal margin with- out a fringe of delicate hairs and with an in- dentation about one-third distance from base. Plesiothrips perplexus (Beach) Legs unarmed. Abdominal segment VI1 without a (Pl. 19, fig. 16; pl. 20, fig. 25; pl. 21, fig. 36) comb. Ovipositor downturned. Se~cothrips petplexa Beach, 1896. Proc. Iowa Parthenothrips dracaenae (Heeger) Acad. Sci., 3:216218. (Pl. 20, fig. 30) Thrips perplexus, Hinds, 1902. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26(1310):184. Heliothnps dracaenae Heeger, 1852. Sitzgsb. Plesiothrips perplexus, Hood, 1915. Proc. Ent. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 14:3’65. SOC.Wash., 17(3):12&132. Pnrthenothtips dracaenae, Uzel. 1895. Monogr. Location of type: Cornel1 University. Ord. Thysanop., p. 172. Type locality: Ames, Iowa. The complete synonymy is to be found in Pries- Geographic location: Hawaii, Arizona, California, ner ’s ‘‘Thy s anopteren Europa s, ” pp . 13 2- 1 3 3. District of Columbia, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Location of type: Vienna Museum, Austria. Maryland, New York, Massachusetts, South Type locality: Unknown to me. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas. 190 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Discussion: This thrips has been found in Cali- Geographic location: California, Texas. fornia only recently (Bailey and Cott, 1952) Discussion: The two California species in this and is collected in company with Chirothn'ps genus are extremely close taxonomically, and and Limothn'ps, by sweeping grasses. The both were collected from similar plants in the ovipositor is greatly reduced as in Memthrips. arid areas, The Muulton specimens are much California records: darker than those from Texas. We have searched Inyo Co.: Westgaard Pass, V-18-47, sweeping, many times for this species on Amaranths and (R. M. Bohart). Atriplex in California with no success. Only Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, VIII-2-50, grass. the original specimens are known to us. California record: Genus Psilothips Hood Stanislaus Co.: Modesto, VIII-17-10, weed (A. L. Rutherford, C.A.S.). Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented, very slender forked sensory trichomes on seg- Genus Rbipidothrips Uzel ments I11 and IV. Head wider than long with vertex raised forming a V-shaped ridge. Ocelli on Head longer than wide, slightly produced beyond raised circular part of head as in the helio- eyes. Eyes prolonged ventrally. Ocelli present. thripids. Maxillary palpi two-segmented. Pro- Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Labial palpi thorax wider than long with one small bristle at three-segmented. Labial palpi foursegmented. each outer posterior angle of pronotum. Forewings Antennae ninesegmented, terminal three segments broad, pointed at tip, with two longitudinal veins, fused, I11 and IV with ventral, lense-shaped one cross vein connecting costa near center, and sensory areas near tip, sometimes nearly forming without fringe on fore margin. Tarsi unarmed. a band encircling segment. Pronotum wider than Abdominal segments with microsetae laterally long with lateral suture at each side along the present as in Sericothtips. Ovipositor downtumed. long axis of body. One bristle at each outer Comb absent on segment VIII. posterior angle of pronotum longer than others on posterior margin. Wings broad and rounded, typi- Psilothrips pardalotus Hood cally aeolothripoid. Brachypterous forms with reduced veination. Fore tarsi with hook. Fore Psilothrips paradalotus Hood, 1927d. Proc. Biol. tibiae with broad spur at tip. Abdomen broadly Soc. Wash., 40:198. joined to thorax. Ovipositor upcurved. Male Location of type: Cornel1 University. smaller than female and without dorsal or lateral Type locality: Collection data on holotype un- appendages or chitinous projections. known to me. The original description recorded the species from California, Arizona, and to Rhipidotbrips Texas. Key the Species of Geographic location: Indicated above. Antennal segment I1 yellow; dorsum of Discussion: have studied paratypes both We of head with a distinct of species of the genus taken in this state. The collar polygonal reticulations at posterior (Europe, types of both these Psilothrips need to be No. com- her.) gratiosus Uzel, 1895 pared, redescribed, and illustrated...... Antennal segment brown gray; dorsum California record: II or of head transversely striate. 2 Locality unknown, with the exception of the .... <

Anuphothrips ulbus, Jones, 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Scirtohips Zongipennis (B agnall) Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, pp. 16-17. Scirtothrips albus, Karny, 1912.Zool. Ann., 4:39 Euthrips longipennis Bagnall, 1909. Ann Soc. Location of type: Cornel1 University. Ent. Belg., 53:173. Type locality: San Jose, California. Euthn'ps pantus Moulton, 1911. U.S.D.A., Bur. Geographic location: California. Ent., Tech. Ser., NO. 21, pp. 38-39. Discussion: I find it very difficult to separate Scirtothrips Zongipennis, Hood. 1914. Proc. Ent. this species from citri. We have seen speci- Soc. Wash., 16(1):37, 40. mens other than the type collected by Jones in Location of type: British Museum. 1911 and determined by Moulton as albus but Type locality: Brussels, Belgium (in hothouses in these appear to be citri. the Botanical Gardens). California record: Geographic location: In greenhouses in Europe, Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, VI-610, monkey Puerto Rico, Canada, New York, and California. flower (Mirnulus sp.) (C.A.S.). Discussion: This thrips undoubtedly has a native home in some tropical country and has been introduced. We have records out of doors. Scirto$hrips citri (Moulton) no California records: (PI. 17, fig 3; pl. 23, fig. 49) San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, IX-3-35, CycZmnen, and u(-25-35, begonia (J. B. Stein- Eutbrips Citri Moulton, 1909. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., weden); 1910 various greenhouse plants (D. Tech. Ser. 12, pt. VII, pp. 121-122. on Moulton, C.A.S.). Physothrips citri, Karny, 1912. 2001. Ann., 4:339. Scirtothrips citri, Hood, 1914. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16(1):40. Genus Scolothtips Hinds Location of type: Unknown to me. Type locality: Exeter, Tulare County, California. Head wider than long. Ocelli on circular raised Geographic location: Arida, California. part of vertex. Interocellor bristles very long. Discussion: The biology and control of this well- Postocular bristles small or absent. Maxillary known economic pest of citrus have been worked palpi thret-segmented. Antennae eight-segmented, out in detail (Edeling, 1950). It appears to have style two-segmented, segment III pedicillate, been a native species which adapted itself to III and IV with forked sensory trichomes. Pro- the newly introduced subtropical fruits many thorax wider than long; notum with very long years ago. It is found on native plants many bristles on both anterior and posterior margins 194 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY and with a similar long mid-lateral bristle. Fore- at first crossband48-50p ...... wings broad, pointed; two longitudinal veins more ...... sexmaculatus (Pergande) or less regularly beset with long bristles. Legs (The male of hoodi is unknown.) unarmed. Comb on abdominal segment VIII absent. Male smaller than female and with transverse The first 3 glandular areas 108-125~ sensory areas enlarged at ends on abdominal wide. Width of forewing at first cross- sternites 111-VIII. band 37-42~ .... pallidus (Beach)

Key to the North American Species Scolotbrips longicornis Priesner of S co lo thrips Scolothrips sexmaculatus, Priesner, 1720. Jahres- Females bericht Mus. Francisco Carolinum, No. 78, p. 57. (modified from Priesner, 1950) Scolotbrips longicomis Priesner, 1925. Konowia, 4:146. 1. Base of antennae (segments I and 11) with- Scolotbrips longicornis, Priesner, 1950. Bull. SOC. out coloration. Body and legs pale Fouad lerEnt., 3450-52. yellow. Cross bands on wings short . 2 Location of type: Priesner collection, Cairo, Antennal segment I white, 11-VI11 shaded Egypt. with gray. Body with pigmented areas . Type locality: Linz, Austria...... 3 Geographic location: Europe, Egypt, North Amer- ica (California). Basal crossband on forewing smaller than Discussion: Priesner points out (1950) the un- distal one and not reaching faremargin usual occurence of this species in California of wing, second (apical) band nearly always longer than broad. Secondary based on specimens I collected on corn and oriental plane tree. In both instances it was setae on pronoturn well developed ... feeding on red spiders. We now have a long paIZidus (Beach), 1896 ...... series from an almond orchard where several Basal crossband on forewing smaller than distal one, sometimes not reaching hind Scolotbrips per leaf were found. margin but always reaching fore map California records: gin. Both bands short and spotlike. Contra Costa Co.: Berkeley, VII-17-29, Cestmm, F. Lamiaan). Secondary setae on pronotum wanting . . (J...... longicomis Priesner, 1925 Yo10 Co.: Davis, VIII-18-32, corn; VIII-16-49, Plantanus leaves; Esparto, VU-7-50, almond (F. M. 3( 1>. Prothorax uniformly gray. Setae on body Summers). and wings short. . boodi Priesner, 1950 Prothorax with two spots of gray, some- times fused. Abdominal tergites with Scolothrips pallidus (Beach) pigmented areas but no lateral spots. (Pl. 23, fig. 51) Body andwing bristles longer ...... sexmaculatus (Pergande), 1894 Tbrips pallida Beach. 1896. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 3:226. Scolotbrips Scolotbrips sexmaculatus, Hinds. 1902. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26(1310)157-158. Males Scolotbrips sexmaculatus, Bailey, 1939. Jour. 1. First or median pair of bristles on poste- Econ. Ent., 32(1):43-47. rior margin of tergite M in 1 transverse Scolotbrips pallidus, Priesner, 1950. Bull. Soc. row...... 2 Fouad lerEnt., 34:43-65. Location type: Unknown to me. First pair dorsal bristles tergite of of on M, locality: Iowa Wisconsin. and third pair, situated basad from hind Type or Geographic location: New York, Florida, Iowa, margin; the extreme hind margin bearing Wisconsin, California. 2 bristles instead of 4. Dark crossbands Discussion: This Scolotbrips now appears to be on forewings short. narrow and Wings the principal predaceous species spider short longicomis Priesner on ...... mites in North America. Many of the records in 2. The 3 basal glandular areas on sternites the literature referring. to the Pergande species be referred to ~al1idu.s according to 111-V, 132-153p wide. Width of forewing should- -~ ~~~~ ” THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 195 Priesner. Near the end of the summer this thrips behind fore vein. Fringe normal. Tarsi unarmed. does a great deal of good in reducing spider Abdomen with pair of closely placed bristles in populations. Earlier in the year, however, the center of tergites on segments I-V. Lateral sur- rate of reproduction of the spiders is so much faces of abdominal segments I-VI11 with rows of faster than the thrips that they are of limited microsetae. Comb present on posterior margins of value to the farmer. these segments partially to wholly complete. California records: Ovipositor downturned. Male smaller than female, Kern Co.: Shafter, V-22-41, cotton (R. E. sug- abdomen without sensory areas or secondary gett). sexual appendages. Orange co.: Costa Mesa, v-29-35, beans. Yolo Co.: Davis, VIII-1-36, walnut; VIII-18-32, Key to the California Species of Sericothrips corn; V-20-46, ; IX-1-54, willow; VI-18-34, hops in greenhouse. Mouth cone very long, extending onto mesosternum .. . . albus Jones, 1912 Mouth cone much shorter, not reaching Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) mesosternum ...... 2 Thrips 4-maculata Pergande, 188&1991. Trans. Bristles on posterior margin of pronotum Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 5(34):539 (as footnote in all nearly same length and about -020 mm. article by J. C. Duffey)...... opmtiae Hood,.1936 Scolothips sexmaculatus, Priesner, 1950. Bull. Bristles on posterior margin of pronotum of Soc. Fouad lerEnt., 34:42-43. unequal lengths, the second from each Location of type: United States National Museum. outer angle nearly twice as long as Type locality: Unknown to me. those adjacent ...... 3 Geographic location: California, Arizona, Mis- Color pattern on body and appendages souri (?). variable. Tip of abdomen not uniformly Discussion: Priesner (1950) has recently made a dark brown “vmiabilis” Beach, 1896 careful review of the genus and we are follow- . . Tip of abdomen, segments VII-IX, dark ing his interpretation of the three California brown as are segment I, head and hind species. Pergande’s species appears to be the femora . . 4 less widely distributed and therefore of much ...... less value in controlling red spiders. It occurs Pronotal blotch or saddle solid brown with sparsely among colonies of other species in deep U-shaped indentation at center on California. posterior margin. Antennal segments California records: 111-V together .130 mm. long ...... Placer Co.: Cisco, VII-23-48, cedar...... chrysothamni Hood, 1936 Tulare Co.: VII-17-36, grape (A. D. Rizzi). Fronotal blotch or saddle variable, some- Yolo Co.: Davis, V-20-46, rose; IX-1-54, willow. times nearly absent or represented by small scattered yellowish-brown areas. Antennal segments 111-V together .150 mm. Genus Sericothrips Iialiday long ...... moultoni Jones, 1912 Head wider than long, eyes prominent. Ocelli Sericothrips albus placed on saised part of vertex. Interocular bris- Jones tles we11 developed, postoculars very weak. Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented; Sericothrips albus Jones. 1912. 1J.S.D.A. Bur. segments 111 and IV with forked sensory trichomes, Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, pp. 6-7 VI with linear sensory area. Maxillary palpi three- Seticothrips albus, Hartwig. 1952. So. Afr. Dept. segmented. Prothorax wider than long, notum with Agr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):402-410. transverse striations. Posterior angles of prono- Location of type: Cornell University tum each with one long bristle and with or with- Type locality: Visalia, California. out additional bristles along posterior margin or Geographic location: California. along anterior margin of “saddle” which spans Discussion: This species, having been described center of notum. Bristles along anterior margin early in the race, almost certainly has syno- variable but without a long bristle at the outer nyms. Jones described it from three specimens, angle. Forewings with one longitudinal vein none of which are in the Jones or Moulton col- which is regularly beset with bristles. One or more lections. Additional collections are not recorded accessory bristles are often situated near tip, since a positive identification is impossible. 196 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY California record: Sericothrips opuatiae Hood Tulare Co.: Visalia, elderberry and weeds, V- 1910 (P. R. Jones, C.U.). Sericothrips opuntiae Hood, 1936. Jour. N.Y. Ent. SC.,44~88-91. Sericothrips opuntiae, Hartwig, 1952; So. Afr. Sericothrips chrysothamni Hood Dept. Agr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):402-410. Location of type: Cornell University. Sen’cothrips chrysothamni Hood. 1936. Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc., 44:85-88. Type locality: Papago Indian Reservation, near Comobabi, Arizona. Sericothrips chrysothamni, Hartwig, 1952. So. Afr. Dept. Agr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):403. Geographic location: New Mexico, Arizona, Cali- fornia Location of type: Cornell University, Type locality: Galice, Oregon. Discussion: In California we have found this Geographic location: California, Nevada, Oregon. cactus thrips on the prickly pear cactus. It runs about very rapidly making capture difficult. The Discussion: The species is so close to moultoni adults and nymphs both feed at the base of the that unless a fully pigmented specimen is at young pads. hand, dorsally mounted, it is almost sure to be California records: determined as moultoni. We have collected it Riverside Co.: Riverside, VIII-8-40, cactus from Chrysothamnus nausmsus in Nevada. (Paul de Bach); Sage, Opuntia, IV-27-51. California records: Ventura Co.: Santa Paula, IX-8-38, cactus pads; cb.: Sonora Pass, 9,000: VIII-28-48, Mono Ventura, cactus (collector grass sweepings. unknown). Sierra Co.: Webber Lake, VIII-25-46, grass sweepings, R. M. Bohart. Sericothrips variabilis (Beach)

Thrips variabilis Beach, 1895. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sericothrips moultoni Jones Sci., 3:220-223. (Pl. 23, fig. 48) Sericothrips uariabilis, Hinds, 1902. Proc. U.S. Sen’cothrips moultoni Jones. 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Nat. Mus., 26(1310):143-146. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I. pp. 7-8. Sericothrips uariabilis, Hartwig, 1952. So. Afr. Sericothrips moultoni, Hartwig, 1952. So. Afr. Dept. Afr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):402-410. Dept. Agr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):402-410. Location of type: Hood studied the types in 1927b Location of type: University of California, Davis. and designated “var. d.” of Beach as the type Moulton relabeled the slide, not retaining the which is in Hood’s collection. original Jones label. It carries the number 127 Type locality: Ames, Iowa. and the following collection data: “Blue legume, Geographic location: Maryland, Virginia, Illinois, San Jose, Cal., 16-IV-10, P. R. Jones” (See Iowa, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, Mis- also Bailey, 1937a). sissippi, British Columbia, California. We feel Type locality: San Jose, California. many of the identifications on which these rec- Geographic location: Utah, California. ords are based, are incorrect. Discussion: The bright coloration of this thrips, Discussion: In North America the genus Serico- together with its preference for lupine, makes it thrips is well represented. Much variation occurs easy to recognize. It reaches a seasonal peak of within the species. As is inevitable when abundance in the spring during the blooming of coloration and reticulation are relied on heavily, the native Lupinus. However, small numbers the separation of species is very difficult. As may be found throughout the summer on the new the name uariabilis infers, much variability is leaves. to be seen in this widespread form. In addition, California records: when different hosts are fed upon, individual Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, grass. thrips vary in color. Further, it appears that the Placer Co.: Penryn, 111-4-36, lupine (S. F. degree and extent of pigmentation varies in the Bailey and R. M. Bohart); Applegate and Lake hot weather as compared with cold weather. Tahoe, VI-5-37, lupine. California records: The following are representa- Sacramento Co.: Folsom, IV-12-46, lupine. tive only, even if it is found throughout the Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, IV-16-10, blue leg- state: ume (P. R. Jones); Los Gatos, IV-3-10 (P. R. Amador Co.: Jackson, 111-31-36, Ceanothus. Jones). Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, IV-12-35, Cermo- Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, VI-6-50, perennial thus. 1upine . Glenn Co.: Orland, IV-8-36, orange. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 197 Imperial Co.: Bond's Corner, XI-26-48, Larrea color brown to dark brown with crimson sp. (F. M. Summers). subhypodermal pigment (No. Amer.) . . Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-7-38, Ceanothus. . . . . brunneus J. C. Crawford, 1940 Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-20.36, Antennal segment IV white with black line Ceanothus. 3(1). around tip. Male unknown Amer.) Santa Clara CO.: San Jose, VI-16-10, sage (So. . . (P. R. Jones)...... angustip ennis Hood, 1949 Tulare Co.: Poplar, VI-3-36, cottonwood (J. F. Antennal segment IV blackish-brown . . 4 Lamiman). 4(3). Forewing narrow and not strongly expanded Tuolumne Co.: Hardin Flat, VI-9-38, Ceanothus. in distal third. Ring vein pigmented Yolo Co.: Davis, IX-23-35, grape (R. M. Bohart). along entire costal margin distally. Anterior longitudinal vein of forewing Genus Stomatotbrips Hood with 19-22 setae. Male unknown (Central Amer.) . . . . .septenarius Hood, 1925 Head about as wide as long; eyes not produced Forewing expanded distally, greatest width noticeably on ventral surface. Ocelli present. 1.6 to 1.7 times the least width . . . 5 Antennae ninesegmented, terminal segment very 5(4). Intumediate dark-mlored paa of forewing small and closely attached to VIII, similar in ap- without paler areas. Antennal segments pearance to Erythrothrips. Sensory areas on anten- V and VI each with cuneiform sensory nal segments as follows: on 111, narrow, linear and area; VI1 .041 mm. in length (No. Amer,). ventral, with central row of minute lenslike areas; ...... atrutus Hood, 1939 on IV, narrow, ventral and hooked at tip on under- Intermediate dark-colored part of forewing side, curving inward (as in Desmothrips), also paler in basal third. Antennal segments with central row of minute disklike dots; on V and V and VI each with a linear sensory VI, cuneiform; on VII variable, linear to oval. area; VII .059 mm. in length (So. Amer.). Maxillary palpi geniculate, seven- to eighrseg- ...... rotundus Hood, 1929 mented, segments sometimes fused near tip. Labial palpi five-segmented. Pronotum without strong spines. Fore tarsi with hooklike claw. Fore- Stomatotbrips flavus Hood wings expanded at tip and narrowed in basal third; (Pl. 18. fig. 10) veination typically aeolothripoid. Abdomen broadly expanded in tewaist*s not as nafIOw as in Stomtothn'ps fhvus Hood, 1912. Proc. Bid. SoC. Fmnklinothrips. Ovipositor upturned. Male small Wash., 25:63-66e and slender, first abdominal segment elongated Stomtothn'ps flww Bailey, 19520 Pae-Pac* En'., and divided dorsally into thirds by longitudinal 28(3): 154-162. ridges; secondary sexual appendages absent. Location of type: Cornel1 University. Type locality: Monterey, Mexico. Geographic location: Mexico, Texas, Illinois, Key to the World. Species of Stomatotbrips South Dakota, Tennessee, Louisiana, Utah, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Kentucky, Vir- 1. Maxillary palpi &segmented...... 2 ginia, Georgia. Maxillary palpi 7-segmented ...... 3 Discussion: This representative is the most wide- spread of the genus. It has been collected from Antennal segment IV long and slender (.131-.147 mm. in female), usually pale April to November on many hosts and is doubt- less predaceous. The narrow waist and spatulate yellow with brown ring at tip. Segment wings characterize this insect. I11 yellow. Antennae of male very long California record and slender, all segments smoky brown. Imperial Imperial Valley, data unknown, General body color yellow to light brown Co.: grape (H. J. Quayle). (No. her.) . . . . . ilwus Hood. 1912 Antennal segment IV much shorter (.080- .092 in female), shaded with dark gray or Genus Taeniotbrips Amyot and Serville brown at Up, usually with more pigmenta- tion than narrow ring at tip. Antennae of Antennae eight-segmented, style two-segmented; male bicolorous, segments I1 and 111 sensory trichomes on segments 111 and IV forked. light yellowish-brown, I darker, IV-IX Head usually wider than long. Ocelli present with dark brown and much shorter. General interocellar bristles usually ' well developed. 198 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Mouth cone setae pale yellow ...... sometimes extending onto mesosternum. Prothorax ...... longimstrum (Jones), 1912 wider than long with two well-developed bristles 7(5). Fore vein of forewing with 5-8 distal at outer posterior angles. Forewings with two setae simplex Korison, 1930 longitudinal veins, hind vein regularly beset with ..... vein of forewing with 24 distal bristles. Brachypterous and apterous also Fore forms setae 8 occur. Femora and tibiae without spurs or hooked ...... claws. Abdominal segment VI11 with partial or 8(7). Forewing white or pale yellow ....10 complete comb in majority of species. Ovipositor Forewing brown to grayish-brown ... 9 downcurved. Male smaller than female, usually with sensory areas on abdominal sternites. s8). Forewing, including scde, dusky brown. This genus is a very large one and difficult to Intermediate antennal segments pale characterize simply and in such a manner that all yellowish-brown, segments I and 11 dark species presently thought to belong here can be brown; 111, 0.038 mm. long ...... frki (Uzel), 1895 accurately keyed out...... Forewing brown with lighter area (or band) at base, scale darker at base. Antennae dark brown, segment 111 light- to Key the California Species of Taeniothrips est, sometimes yellowish-brown; I11 0.057 mm. long 1. Fore tarsus with a claw...... lernanis Treherne, 1924 ...... inconsequens (Uzel, 1895 Fore tarsus without a claw ...... 2 lO(8). Interocellar bristles 0.048 mm. long and outer posterior pronotal bristles 0.041 mm. 2(1). Comb or fringe of hairs on posterior mar- in length ...albipennis Moulton, 1929 gin of abdominal tergite VIII absent . Interocellar bristles 0.028 mm. long and ...... xanthius Williams, 1917 outer posterior pronotal bristles 0.032 mm. Comb on abdominal tergite VIII present . 3 in length .... dbus Moulton; 1911

3(2). Cheeks strongly-. arched and idented im- mediately behind eyes ...... 4 Taeniothzips albipennis Moulton Cheeks not strongly arched and not in- dented behind the eyes ' * * . * ' * Taeniothyips albipennis Moulton, 1929. Pan-Pac. 4(3). Interocellar bristles very long (0.083 mm.) Ent.9 5(3):123-130. and placed bemeen posterior ocelli . . Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype orionis Treherne, 1924 andaweus Moulton, %, NO. 2975, California Academy of Science. 1946 Type locality: Eel River, Shasta County, Cali- In terocellar bristles s hotter (0.040 mm.) fornia. and placed at side of and slightly to Geographic location: California. rear of anterior ocellus ...... Discussion: The type locality is not very specific, ...... vulgarissirnus Haliday, 1836 and the Eel River does not pass through Shasta County. It would be difficult therefore to collect 5(3). Mouth cone long, reaching to or beyond toPotypes. In comparing it originally with posterior margin Of prononun Rhopalandrothn'ps comi Moulton erred in refer- Mouth cone short, not reaching to posterior ring to the latter as having only one bristle on margin Of prono- * - * * * the posterior margin of the prothorax. The dis ($5). Antennal segment 1 light, yeuowish-brown; cussion under albus, the following species, 11 brown. Mouth usually indicates the uncertain status of albipennis. posterior margin of pronotum. ~odyCalifornia record: yellowish golden-brown. Forewing Shasta co. (?): Eel River, VIII-17-28, COmUs pale yellowish-brown or smoky, setae SP- (D. Moulton* c*A*S.)* yellowish-brown ...... ehrhornii (Moulton), 1907 Taeniothtips albus (Moulton) Antennal segments uniform brown, 111 the lightest. Mouth cone heavy and long. Euthn'ps albus Moulton, 1911. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Body dark brown. Center of pronotum Tech. Sere, No. 21, pp. 39-40. with distinct irregular suture parallel with long axis of body. Forewings white, 'Synonym: costalis (Jones), 1912. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 19 9 Euthrips costalis Jones, 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Taeniothrips ebrbmii (Moulton) Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, pp. 13-14. Physothrips albus, Hood. 1914. Proc. Ent. SC.Euthrips ehrhornii Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. Wash., 16:37. Ent., Tech. Set., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 54-55. Taeniothrips albus, Steinweden, 1933. Trans. EuthePs dd~~nziiforma brachYPtera, Jones. 1914. Amer. Ent. SOC., 59:269-293.. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, Taeniothdps albus, J. C. Crawford, 1941. Proc. P- 12. Ent. Soc. Wash., 43(6): 143. Physothn'ps ehrhonzii, Hood, 1914. Proc. Ent. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype SOC- Wash., 16:39. 9, No. 111, California Academy of Science. Taeniothrips ehrhornii, Steinweden, 1933. Trans. Type locality: Red Rluff, California. Amer. Ent. SOC.,59:292. Geographic location: California, Oregon. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype $!, Discussion: We have studied the Vpe specimen no number, California Academy of Science. and compared it with the types of Tae. albi- TYPe locality: Alum Rock Canyon, Clara pennis and Rhopalandrothrips comi. In the County, California. Moulton collection some specimens labeled Geographic location: California. alba are R. comi, and others, originally costa- Discussion: We have studied more than fifty spec;- lis (jones), have been relabeled by Modton as mens of this thrips including the material in the alba. Unfortunately no males of or albi- Jones and Moulton collections. It is difficult to pennis are known so that their relationship with separate ehrhornii from lon&stmm (Jones). Rhopalandrothn'ps can be settled definitely. The Both have long mouth cones, and distortion in differences between these two Moulton species mounting causes this character to vary in aP- of Taeniothrips are very minute. The older Pearance- Based on Moulton's type and the species, albus, has slightly longer antennae and series studied, we conclude that typical ehr- segments Iv-vIII =e d&k gray in color. In albi- hornii has a pronounced orange-yellow color, is pennis the interocellar and outer posterior larger than longirostmm. and nearly always has pronotal bristles are slightly longer than in the first antennal segment clear light brown. albus. If a longer series, carefully mounted, The mouth cone on what we consider longiros- was available for study, these small differences tn~mis narrm~~and longer and the body color could be better evaluated. Neither species has is coffee-brown. The variation in the length and a long mouth cone in the sense of Mycterothrips; Pattern of the Setae in these two species is in neither type does the tip reach the posterior extremely small. We have not Seen the male margin of the prothorax. described by Jones. California records: California record: Humboldt Co.: Trinidad, V-13-30, purple Ceano- Tehama Co.: Red Bluff, VI-19-08, peach foliage thus (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, 111-29-06; Alum Rock Canyon, 111-29-06, grass (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). Taeniotbrips aureus Moulton Solano Co.: Mix Canyon, 11-17-39, laurel flowers.

Taeniothrips aureus Moulton, 1946. Pan-Pac. Ent., 22( 2):5 9-60. Tueniothrips frici (Utel) Tamiothnps aureus, Bailey, 1949. Canad. Ent., 8 1(6): 156. Physopus frici Uzel, 1895. Mowgr. Ord. Thys., Taeniothrips uureus, Bailey, 1949c. Florida Ent., p. 126. 32(3): 123. Physothrips blacki Watson, 1919. Fla. Bugg., 3(2): Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 32. 9, California Academy of Science. Taeniothrips blacki, Steinweden, 1933. Trans. Type locality: Echo Lake, California. Amer. Ent. SOC., 59:286. Geographic location: California. The detailed European synonymy is given by Discussion: As I have pointed out (Bailey, 1949 Priesner, Thys. Eur., 1926, p. 288. and 1949~)this species is probably a synonym Location of type: Unknown to me. of Tae. orionis Treherne. The type specimens Type locality: Czechoslovakia. are mounted in such a manner, however, that Geographic location: Europe, Hawaiian Islands, positive identification is most difficult. India, Fashington, Oregon, California. California record: Ciscussion: It has been only in recent years that El Dorado Co.: Echo Lake, grass (C.A.S.). we have realized this well-known European 200 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY thrips is also fairly common in California. Its Taeniothrips lemanis' Treherne hosts are varied. It is recognized from the other dark-brown Taeniothrips by its small dize and Taeniothrips lemanis Treherne, 1924. Canad. Ent., antennal coloration. The basal two segments are 56(4):87-88. concolorous with the body, and the remaining Taeniothn'ps lemanis, Bailey. 1949. Canad. Ent., segments yellow except at tip. In appearance it 81(6): 156-157. is very similar to Thrips physapus Linn6. Location of type: Canadian National Museum, Cat. California records: No. 679. Colusa Co.: Arbuckle, V-7-40, chamise. Type locality: Hatzic, British Columbia. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, VI-24-27, Geographic location, British Columbia, Canada, clover (D. Moulton). and California. Mendocino Co.: Philo, VII-19-49, grass. Discussion: It is a rarely collected species, and San Mateo Co.: Woodside, VIII-25-47, composite little is known about its biology or preferred (H. E. Cott). hosts. Santa Clara Co.: Gilroy, VII-14-36, tomato. California records: Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley, V-30-38, maple and manzanita leaves. Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) (Pl. 23, fig. 57) Taeniothrips (Mycterothtips) longirostrwn (Jones) (PI. 22, fig. 47) Physopus inconsequens Uzel, 1895. Mongr. Ord. Thys., pp. 117-119. Euthrips longimstrum Jones, 1912. U.S.D.A., Bur. Euthrips pyri Paniel, 1904. Ent. News, 15:294. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 23, pt. I, pp. 12-13, pl. Euthrips inconsequens Bagn., 1909. Jour. Econ. 111, figs. 6-9. Bioi., 4:4. Physothrips longimstmm, Hood. 1914. Proc. Ent. Physothrips pyri, Karny. 1912. Zool. Ann., 4:338. Soc. Wash., 16:3f;. Taeniothrips pyri, Hood. 1914. Proc. Ent. SOC. Myctemthrips longimstrum, Karny. 192 1. Treubia, Wash., 16:39. 1(4): 216. Physothrips alpinus Pr., 1914 (nec alpinus Karny). Taeniothrips longimstrum, Steinweden, 1933. Wien. ent. Ztg., 687, 55 pp. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 59:291. Taeniothrips inconsequens, Bailey. 1944, Univ. Location of type: Cornell University. Calif., Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 687, 55 pp. Type locality: Los Gatos, California. Location of type: Unknown to me. Geographic location: California. Type locality: Czechoslovakia. Discussion: Karny placed this species in Myctem- Geographic location: Europe, Central Asia, thrips because it had a long mouth cone but did Cyprus, Japan, South America. In North America not also include ehrhornii which also has elon- it is known from New York, Maryland, Virginia, gated mouth parts. As discussed above, these Ontario, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, two species are very closely related. As is the Utah, California. case with many of the species described in the Discussion: This well-known economic pest of early part of the century, the original descrip- fruit trees, the pear thrips, has had much written tion omitted characters we need to know today about it. The latest complete review of its to accurately place (or synonymize) this thrips. importance, biology, ecology, and control was Our specimens, including one labeled by Jones, published by me in 1944. The Utah record is have one postocular bristle longer than the more recent (Bailey and Knowlton, 1949). It is others which does not agree with the Jones il- interesting to note that this insect is known in lustration which also omitted the interocellars. North America only from orchards or on other The validity of the long mouth cone as a hosts immediately adjacent to them. The male generic character appears to be in doubt as we does not occur in North America. recall other genera in which an increasing California records: The distribution in California number of species are being described with such is limited to the following fruit-growing counties an individually divergent character. This Jones in the northern part of the state: Mendocino, species has a small, irregular longitudinal Lake, Sonoma, Napa, Marin, Solano, Yolo, suture in the center of the pronotum. Sacramento, San Joaquin, Yuba, Nevada, Placer, We have what we believe to be two males of El Dorado, Contra Costa, Alameda, San Mateo, longirostrum. The description of the male of Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Benito, and Santa ehrhornii is inadequate, and the specimen is C1 ara. unavailable for comp arison. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 20 1

Extensive collecting on perennial lupine in Discussion: This insect is a severe pest of the coastal area throughout the year should gladiolus and many reports on its control have produce a series of both sexes from which more been published. The banded wings and its definite conclusions can be reached. preference for gladiolus makes it familiar to California records: most entomologists. Napa Co.: blt. St. Helena, IV-2-36, oak leaves. California records: Statewide in all commercial Santa Barbara Co.: Zaca Mt., IV-24-51, lupine. flower plantings and in nearly every home Santa Clara Co.: XI-17-11, lupine (P. R. Jones); garden growing gladiolus. Specimens in our col- Los Gatos, V-1710, lupine flrs.; San Jose, XI-17- lection are from: 11, lupine (P. R. Jones, C.U.). Los Angeles Co.: IX-27-32, gladiolus (A. T. San Luis Obispo Co.: Oceano, IV-24-51, lupine. McClay). San Diego Co.: Carlsbad, 111-19-34, gladiolus (S. Lockwood). Taeniothrips orionis Treherne Santa Clara Co.: Los Altos, VII-13-34, gladio- Taeniothn'ps orionis Treherne, 1724. Canad. Ent., lus. 56(4):86-87. Sonoma Co.: Petaluma, VIII-24-35, gladiolus. Taeniothrips tahoei Moulton, 1927, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. SOC., 22(4):170-171. Taeniothrip s v ulgatissimus (Haliday) Taeniothn'ps pingreei Moulton, 1727. Bull. Brook- lyn Ent. Soc., 22(4): 191-192. Thrips vulgatissima Haliday, 1836. Ent. Mag., Taeniothrips orionis, Bailey. 1949. Canad. Ent., 3:447. 81( 6): 154-156. Physopus pallipennis Uzel, 1895. h4onogr. Ord. Location of type: Canadian National Museum, No. Thys., p. 110. 678. Taeniothrips vulgatissimus, Priesner, 1920. Type locality: Mt. McLean, Lillooet, British Jahresbereicht Mus. Francisco Carolinum, No. Columbia. 7855, Linz. Geographic location: Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Taeniothrips vulgatissimus amencanus Moulton, Washington, Oregon, California 1929. Pan-Pac. Ent., 5(3): 130-131. Discussion: This Taeniothrips is one of the Taeniothrips vulgatissimus, Bailey. 1949c. Flop largest in North America. It is closely related ida Ent., 32(3):124. to vulgatissimus and can be told from it by the Location of type: Unknown to me, probably British very long, closely placed pair of interocellar Museum. bristles. It is found at high altitudes in wild Type locality: Probably England. flowers. Geographic location: Europe, Quebec, Northwest California records: Territory, Montana, New York, Nevada, Cali- El Dorado Co.: Lake Tahoe, grass (D. Moulton); fornia. Tamarack Lake, VIiI-7-37, Polygonum alpinum Discussion: This thrips is widespread in Europe, (E. 0. Essig). and several subspecies have been established hiariposa Co.: Lukens Lake, VII-8-37, Veratrum for its variations. In this country it has been califomica (M. A. Stewart). found almost entirely at very high elevations. It is a large black species which seems to Taeniothtips simplex Morison prefer lupine. California records: Physothrips simplex Morison, 1930. Bull. Ent. Inyo Co.: Big Pine Creek, V-19-47, grass (R. Res., 21:12. M. Bohart). Taeniothnps gladioli Moulton and Steinweden, Madera Co.: Devils Postpile, VII-30-36, lupine 1931. Canad. Ent., 63:20-21. (R. M. Bohart). Taeniothrips simplex, Steele. 1935. Coun. Sci. & Mariposa Co.: Yosemite Valley (date unknown) Indus. Res., Pam. No. 54, pp. 3336. (D. Moulton). Location of type: British Museum. Type locality: Umbrae, So. Australia. Geographic location: Australia, Europe, North Taeniothrips xant hius (Williams) America. Since its discovery it has spread rapidly throughout North America. Undoubtedly Physothrips xanthius Williams, 1917. Bull. Ent. it now is to be found in many other parts of the Res., 8:57-61. world since it is readily transported OR the Taeniothn'ps xanthius, Priesner. 1930. Bull. SOC. corms of gladiolus. Roy. Ent. Egypt., 14(1):12. 202 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Taeniothrips xanthius, Sakimura. 1955. Proc. 2(1). Forewings dark brown with light-gray band Hawaii. Ent. SOC., 15(3):597. at base, Comb on abdominal segment Location of type: C. B. Williams' collection, VI11 sometimes sparesly present later- Rothamsted Exp. Sta., England. ally. Outer posterior bristles on prono- Type locality: Port of Spain, Trinidad. tum .057 mm. in length ...... Geographic location: Japan, Trinidad, Hawaii, ...... madmnii Moulton, 1907 Maryland, California. Forewings uniform dark brown, large, Discussion: In California this pest of orchids is about 1 mm. in length. Outer posterior known only in greenhouses. The species is bristles on pronotum .067 in length. . . readily identified by its hosts and its yellow ...... magnus Moulton, 1911 color and brown wings. California records: 3(1). Forewings uniformly dark brown . . . . 4 Forewings paleyellow or smoky-gray , 5 Los Angeles Co.: Los Angeles, orchids in . greenhouse (C.A.S.). 4(3). Antennae uniformly dark brvwn . . . . . Sacramento Co. : Sacramento, 1944, orchids in ...... gramineae Moulton, 1936 greenhouse (J. B. Steinweden). Antennal segments I and I1 dark brown, intermediate segments light brown Genus Thrips Linn6 . . .hukkineni Priesner, 1937 and physupus Linn;, 1761 Antennae seven- segmented, style onesegm ented; segments I11 and IV with forked sensory trichomes. 5(3). Outer posterior seta on pronotum .030- Head about as long as wide. Maxillary palpi three- .035 mm. in length. Color of body pale segmented. Ocelli present. Prothorax wider than yellow to brown; major setae on wings long; notum with two major bristles at each outer and pronotum yellow to light brown . . posterior angle. Forewings with two longitudinal ...... tabaci Lindeman, 1888 veins; fringe normal. Ovipositor downcurved. Male Outer posterior seta on pronotum .051- smaller than female without secondary sexual .054 mm. Color of body usually sulfur structures. yellow; major setae on wings and prono- Together with Taeniothrips and Frankliniella, tum dark brown ...... this is one of the largest genera in the order. In . . nigmpilosus Uzel, 1895 and heraclei Moulton, 1926 these large genera, characters used with. generic reliability in smaller groups cannot be utilized Thrips (MicrocephaZothrips)abdominalis Examples are the comb on the posterior margin of (D. Crawford) abdominal tergite VIII, the placement of ocelli on L. (Pl. 22, fig. 41) a circular, raised part of the vertex, presence and position of minor bristles on the pronotun, and the Thrips abdominaIis D. L. Crawford, 1910. Pomona presence of sensory areas on the male abdominal Coll. Jour. Ent., 2( 1):157-159. tergites. Steinweden (1933) has pointed out how Micmcephaiotkrips adbominalis, Bagnall. 1926. some species of Taeniothrips and Thrips inter- Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 18:98, 113-114. grade. If as many specimens of Rhopalandrothrips, The complete synonymy was given by me in 1937 Myctemthrips, and Toxonothrips, for example, (Canad. Ent., 69:121-126). were available for study as there are in Thrips, Location of type: Canadian National Museum, we would probably have reason to question their Cat. No. 328. identity as distinct genera. The seven-segmented Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. antennae and the quite consistent lack of promi- Geographic location: Africa, Australia, Cuba, nent bristles on the anterior outer angles of the China, Egypt, Fiji, Hawaii, India, Japan, Java, pronotum are the most reliable generic characters. Mexico, Palestine, and Sumatra. In the United States it is known from California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Key to the California Species of the Genus Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Thrips Linne Washington. Discussion: The biology and synonymy have been 1. Abdominal segment VI11 without comb on published by me. It is a minor pest of composite posterior dorsal margin ...... 2 flower seeds. Obviously it is a widespread and Abdominal segment VI11 with comb . . . 3 rather common thrips in such flowers. (abdominalis has teeth on I-VIII, see California records: p.150) Colusa Co.: Colusa, VIII-3 1-3 1, zinnia. THE THRIPS OF CALIFORNIA. k TEREBRANTIA 203

Fresno Co.: R eedley, XI-6-36, zinnia. Location of type: Priesner collection. Los Angeles Co.: Puente, X-31-33, Africa Daisy Type locality: Europe, exact location unknown to (A. Toyone). me. Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, X-22-34, zinnia. Geographic location: Europe, Hawaii, British Yolo Co.: Davis, IX-25-36, marigold. Columbia, Ontario, Montana, Washington, Utah, Indiana, California, Wyoming, Kansas, Iowa, New York. Thrips gramineae Moulton Discussion: In dandelion flowers, in areas where the plants are well established, this thrips is Thrips gramineae Moulton, 1936. Pan-Pac. Ent., frequently collected. Its habits and appearance 12(3):106. are similar to the composite thrips, Micro- Location of type: Moulton colle-don. Holotype cephalothrips abdominalis, from which it can be No. 2729, California Academy of Science. 9, easily separated by the longer, lighter-colored Type locality: Calaveras Valley, Alameda County, antennae and the absence of teeth scallops on California. or the posterior margins of the abdominal tergites. Discussion: This species is known only from the It is very closely related to T. physapus Linn;; unique type which we have examined. It is if synonymized in the future, the western popu- close to T. hukkineni Pr., commonly taken on lation perhaps shouId be considered as a dis grasses and dandelion but can be separated by tinct variety. the uniformly brown antennae. California records: California record: Marin Co.: Bolinas, IV-25-47, grass. Alameda Co.: Calaveras Val., V-1-28, grass Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, VI-16-35, wild (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). snapdragon (J.J. duBois). Yolo Co.: Davis, XII-13-35, dandelion (R. M. Thrips heraclei Moulton Bohart and S. F. Bailey).

Thrips heraclei Moulton, 1926. Pan-Pac. Ent., Thrips mdronii Moulton 3( 1):25-26. Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype 9, Thrips madmnii Moulton, 1907. U.S.D.A., Bur. No. 418, allotype, No. 796, Calibrnia Academy Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 57-58. of Science. Thrips sambuci/loris Hood, 1933. Pan-Pac. Ent., Type locality: Vicinity of Spring Valley Lakes, 3(4):177-178, 181-182. near Belmont, California. Thrips madmnii, Bailey. 1949~. Florida Ent., Geographic location: California. 32( 1):25. Discussion: I know of no collections of this thrips Location of type: Moulton collection. Lectotype other than the type series. Specimens collected 9, No. 32, California Academy of Science. by us on this host have proven to be T. tabaci Type locality: Wright's Station, Santa Clara County, or madmnii. The pronotal bristles are slightly California. longer than those in nigmpilusus; otherwise the Geographic location: British Columbia, Utah, two are nearly identical. The type series is Oregon, California. somewhat teneral. Discussion: As collections have accumulated it California record can be seen that this species is rather widely San Mateo Co.: Belmont, VII-24-25, COW pars- distributed on the Pacific Coast. It is found on nip, Heracleum lanatum (D. Moulton, C.A.S.). a variety of hosts and has been observed in- juring apples in Sonoma County. In general ap- pearance it is similar to the pear thrips since it Thrips hukkineni P tie sner is dark brown with a light band at the base of Thrips trehernei Priesner, 1927. Thys. Em., p. the forewings. Since no type specimen was 356. designated we are designating slide No. 32 the Thrips taraxaci Moulton, 1936. Pan-Pac. Ent., lectotype. It is one of the three original slides 12(3):109-110. still left in the Moulton collection. Thrips hukkineni Priesner, 1937. Konowia, 16(2): California records: The following are representa- 107-112, new name for Thrips physapus € magna tive only: Pr., 1902 (nec magnus Mlt., 1711). Alameda Co.: Hayward, V-7-35, cow parsnip; Thrips taraxaci, Bailey. 1949~. Florida Ent., Berkeley, X-6-35, avocado; Berkeley, IV-4-35, 32(3):125. madrone. 204 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY El Dorado Co.: Camino, X-20-50, willow. Mono Co.: Mammoth, VII-1-36, sweeping (R. Humboldt Co.: Korbel, VII-28-27, Sambucus M. Bohart). rucemosa flrs. (J. D. Hood). Nevada Co.: Grass Valley, VI-16-35, snapdragon Kern Co.: Shafter, V-22-41, grape (R. E. Sup (J. J. duBois). gett). Placer Co.: Roseville, VIII-24-35, Mimulus. Lake Co.: Lucerne, V-7-36, elderberry; Cobb Plumas Co.: Meadow Valley, VIII-11-35, Mimulus hit., V-7-36, sweeping. (E. 0. Essig), Marin Co.: Muir Beach, IV-19-36, lupine; Mt. Riverside Co.: Herkey Creek, VI-10-40, Mimulus Tarnalpais, IV-17-35, lupine flrs. (E. G. Linsley). Napa Co.: Napa, 1-29-36, Calif. laurel; Napa, San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, Mimulus. V-6-37, hibiscus. Santa Clara Co.: Coyote. Nevada Co. : Nevada City, VII-26-50, broom flrs. Shasta Co.: Round Mt., V-23-49, sweeping. San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, IV-24-35, Solano Co.: Green Valley Falls. hawthorne (J. €3. Steinweden). Tulare Co.: Visalia, VI-27-09, Mimulus (P. R. San Luis Obispo Co.: Oceano, IV-24-51, sweep- Jones, C.A.S.). ing. Tuolumne Co.: , VII-18-5 1, sweeping. San Mateo Co.: Woodside, VII-24-25, Hetero- meles arbutilolia (D. Moulton); Colma, VIII-5-49, daisies (W. H. Lange). Thrips nigmpilosus Uzel Santa Clara Co.: Santa Clara Valley, madrone blossoms, Calif. laurel, Calif. lilac (D. Moulton); Thrips nigropilosa Uzel, 1895. Monogr. Ord. Thys., Wright's Station, 111-9-06, madrone (D. Moulton, pp. 198-200. C.A.S.). Thrips nigmpilosus, Priesner. 1927. Thys. Eur., Santa Cruz Co.: Mt. Herman, VI-30-37, oak (J. pp. 409-414. J. duBois); Mt. Madrone, IV-22-37, Cennothus (A. Location of type: Unknown to me. T. McClay). Type locality: Czechoslovakia. Sonoma Co.: Sebastopol, V-4-46, apple (A. Geographic location: Europe, California, Washing- Hall); Forestville, V-11-36, sweeping (A. T. ton, Iowa, New York, New Jersey. McClay); Geyserville, 1-29-36, manzanita; Sebasto- Discussion: This thrips has been generally refer- pol, VI-18-36, buckeye (A. T. McClay). red to as the chrysanthemum thrips since it is frequently found damaging this host as well as others. The specific name refers to the dark- Thrips magnus Moulton colored major setae which stand out in sharp contrast to the orange color of the body. Brachyp- Thrips magnus Moulton, 1911. U.S.D.A., Bur. Ent., terous adult forms are found among colonies of Tech. Ser., No. 21, p. 36. nymphs on the infested leaves and in flowers Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype both in the greenhouse and out-of-doors. No. 219, California Academy of Science. California records: Type locality: Visalia, California. Alameda Co.: Berkeley, V-23-35, asters in Geographic location: California. greenhouse (H. Earl Thomas); San Pablo, 1-17-36, Discussion: This is the largest species of the malva (H. Earl Thomas). genus Thrips in the area known to us. It can be San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, greenhouse told from rnadmnii by the uniformly dark-brown plants (J. B. Steinweden). forewings and the lack of scallops on the hind Yo10 Co.: Davis, XI-17-35, dandelion. margins of the abdominal tergites. Almost always it is collected deep in the corolla of Mimulus {lowers growing in meadows and at the margins Lind of streams. (Pl. 22, fig. 42) California records: El Dorado Co.: Riverton, VIII-24-38, Mimulus Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1888. Sh';ldl. Insekten d. flrs. Tabak. in Bessarabien, pp. 15, 61-75. Fresno Co.: Cherry Gap, VIII-3-50, sweeping. Thn'ps bremnen'i Moulton, 1907. U.S.D. A., Bur. Kern Co.: Walker Pass, VI-26-49, Mimulus flrs, Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 12, pt. HI, pp. 59-60. (H. E. Cott). Thrips bremnerii, Bailey, 1949~. Florida Ent., Los Angeles Co.: Tanbark Flat, VII-7-52, 32(3): 124. Mirnulus (R. M. Bohart). The detailed synonymy covering the literature Madera Co.: Bass Lake, VI-7-38, grass. through 1926 is to be found in Priesner's i THE THRIPSOF CALIFORNIA. I: TEREBRANTIA 205

'Thy sanopt eren Europas ,' ' pages 433-434. Meli s Yo10 Co.: Davis, VIII-16-50? dry grass and (1952) presents one of the most recent reviews atriplex; 1-13-36, artichoke (in store); XII-17-35, of the species giving detailed anatomical il- dandelion; VII-25-32, onion; V-3-39, Capri figs (H. lustrations. The bibliography of this species is N. Hansen); Knights Landing, IX-11-36, native probably the largest in the entire order Thysan- sycamore. optera. Location of type: Unknown to me. Genus Toxonothrips Moulton Type locality: Eastern Rumania. Geographic location: World-wide. Antennae seven-segmented, style one-segmented; Discussion: The onion thrips is probably the most segment 111 with pedicel, III and IV with forked common thrips in the state, next to Franklin- sensory trichomes (that on I11 in the male allotype iella occidentalis. It is found everywhere on in- appears to be simple). Head slightly wider than numerable plants. The following records exhibit long, rounded in front, cheeks rounded; all bristles a cross section of its occurrence. reduced. Ocelli present in female. Maxillary palpi Alameda Co.: Berkeley, VII-10-35, Ceanothus. threesegmented. Prothorax wider than long; each Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, X-6-35, wild buck- outer posterior angle with two long bristles, all wheat (R. M. Bohart); Dandle, IV-17-36, wild others minute. Tarsi unarmed. Forewings with two mustard. longitudinal veins, hind vein regularly beset with Glenn Co.: Orland, III-13-36, orange. bristles; general appearance similar to Thrips. Ab- Imperial Co.: Calipatn'a, IV-25-39, grape (M. B. dominal segment VI11 with comb. Male smaller than Dickson); El Centro, 1904, Lepidiw lasiocampum female; ocelli, wings and claspers absent, abdom- (W. T. Clarke). inal sternites I11 and IV with oval sensory area. Kern Co.: Kern Canyon, V-19-37, yucca. Kings Co.: Corcoran, V-20-54, cotton (G. L. Smith). Toxonothrips gramineae Moulton Lake Co.: Kelseydle, IV-24-35, pear. (Pl. 19, fig. 22; pl. 22, fig. 40) Madera Co.: Bass Lake,. VI-7-38, Sambucus flrs. Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, V-22-38, grass. Toxonothips gramineae Moulton, 1927. Pan-Pac. Monterey Co.: Salinas, VIII-2-43, bean (V. H. Ent., 4(1):30-31. Lange); Salinas, XI-24-43, broccoli (W. H. Lange). Location of type: Moulton collection. Holotype $, Placer Co.: Rocklin, VIII-9-38, willow; Lincoln, No. 956, and allotype, No. 956, California Acad- VI-21-37, grass; Penryn, 111-2645, Ceanothus. emy of Science. Plumas Co.: Bucks Lake, VII-6-35, elk grass Type locality: Lake Tahoe, California. (J. J. duBois). Geographic location: California. Sacramento Co.: Sacramento, VIII-9-38, box Discussion: On many occasions we have examined elder; Galt, IV-7-36, grass. the type specimens of this monotypic genus. We San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, VII-24-29, have collected frequently for more than twenty pansy (H. H. Keifer). years in the type locality and failed to find it. San Mateo Co.: Colma, VIII-5-49, daisies (W. H. To our knowledge R. L. Post has the only other Lange). representatives of this genus, which he col- Solano Co.: Green Valley, VI-12-36, En'ogonum; lected in Oregon. This very rare thnps reminds Fairfield, 111-26-34, cherry (C. H. Wren); Fairfield, one of both Limothrips and Thrips but must be VII-8-36, valley oak. retained in this genus until more specimens are Sonoma Co.: Forestville, V-11-36, beating (A. available for study, and perhaps related species T. McClay); VI-18-38, hops (H. A. Weinland). are collected and described. We consider it the Stanislaus Co.: El Solyo, VI-14-35, onion. most rare thrips in the state. Sutter Co.: Meridian, VII-7-36, Sambucus flrs. California record Tuolumne Co.: Tuolumne Meadow, vII-27-26, Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, VII-1926, grass sweep- Artemesia tridentate (D. Moulton). ings (0. Moulton, C.A.S.).

LITERATURE CITED

ANDRE, FLOYD 1749~.An annotated bibliography of North Amer- 1739. A synopsis of the American species of ican Thysanopterists: Part 111. Florida Chirothn'ps Haliday (Thysanoptera). Proc. Ent. 32(3):114-131. Ent. SOC. Wash., 41(6): 192-204. 1951. The genus Aeolothtips Haliday in North America. Hilgardia, 21(2):43-80, pls. BAGNAL-L, R. S. 1-8..A Some considerations in regard to the 1712. 1952. A review of the genus Stomatothrips Hood. classification of the Thysanoptera. Ann. Pan-Pac. Ent., 28(3):154-162. Mag. Nat. Ser. Hist., 8, 10:220-222. 1754a. A review of the Melanthripinae with 1730. Further considerations in regard to the descriptions of two new species. Proc. classification of the order Thysanoptera. Ent. Soc. Wash., 56(2):7%85. Ibid, ser. 10, 5:571-575. 17546. A review of the genus Rhipidothrips On the Aeolothripoid-complex and the 1731. Uzel. Pan-Pac. Ent., 30(3):207-220. classification of the suborder Terebrantia BAILEY, STANLEY F., and H. EDWIN COTT (Thysanoptera). Bull. Mensuels de la SOC. 1952. Thrips new to California. Bull. Dept. des Nat. Luxembourgeois, No. 7, pp. Agr., State of Calif., 41(3):176-177. 115-118. 1954. A review of the Renus- HetemthriPs Hood BAILEY, STANLEY F. (Thysanoptera: Heterothripidae) in North 1935. A list of the Thysanoptera of California. America, with descriptions of two new Pan-Pac. Ent., ll(4): 163-167. species. Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 47(4): 1937~.The Jones' collection of Thysanoptera. 614-635. Pan-Pac. Ent., 13( 1-2):89-73. BAILEY, STANLEY F., and GEORGE F. KNOWL- 1737b. The bean thrips. Univ. Calif. Agr. TON Exp. Sta., Bull., 607:l-36. 1747. The Thysanoptera of Utah. Proc. Ent. 1937~.The genus Dactuliothrips Moulton. Pan- Soc. Wash., 51(5):230-234. Pac. Ent., 13(3):121-126. BRYAN, DOUGLAS J., and RAY F. SMITH 1938. Thrips of economic importance in Cali- 1752. The Fradliniella occidentalis (Pergande) fornia. Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta.Circ., complex in California (Thysanoptera: 346: 1-77. Thripidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., 1739. The Hinds' collection of Thysanoptera. lO(6): 359-410. Pan-Pac. Ent., 15(2):91-93. COTT, H. EDWIN 1940a. The distribution of injurious thrips in the 1956. Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera United States. Jour. Econ., Ent., 33(1): (Thysanoptera) in California. Univ. Calif. 133-136. Publ. Entom., 13:l-216. 1940b. A review of the genus Ankothn'ps D. L. DANIEL, S. M. Crawford. Pan-Pac. Ent., 16(3):77-106. 1704. New California Thysanoptera. Ent. News, 1742. The grape or vine thrips, Drepanothrips 15(7):273-277. reuteri. Jour. Econ. Ent., 35( 3582-386. EBELING, WALTER 1944. A review of D. L. Crawford's species of 1950. Subtropical entomology. 747 pp. San Thysanoptera. Pan-Pac. Ent., 20(3): Francisco: Lithotype Process Co. 8 1-90. HALIDAY, A. H. 19476. The genus Etyththn'ps Moulton. Pan- 1836. An epitome of the British genera in the Pac. Ent., 23(3): 103-109. order Thysanoptera, with indications of a 19476. The works of J. R. Watson on Thysa- few of the species. Ent. Mag., 3439-451. noptera. Florida Ent., 30(3):17, 19-24. HARTWIG, E. K. 1948. An wnotated bibliography of North Ameri- 1752. Taxonomic studies of South African can Thysanopterists: Part I. Florida Ent., Thysanoptera, including genitalia, statis- 3 l(2h35-49. tics and a revision of Trybom's types. U.S. 1949a. An annotated bibliography of North Amer- Afr., Dept. Agr., Ent. Mem., 2(11):340-497. can Thysanopterists: Part 11. 32( 1): 11-36. HINDS, W. E. 19496. The genus Orothn'ps Moulton. Pan-Pac. 1702. Contribution to a monograph of the insects Ent., 25(3):104-112. of the order Thysanoptera inhabiting North [2071 208 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

America. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26(1310): 1929. Contribution to our knowledge of American 79-242. Thysanoptera. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., HOOD, J. D. 24(4): 232-233. 1914. On the proper generic names for certain 1948. The genus Ftankliniella Karny, with keys Thysanoptera of economic importance. for the determipation of species (Thysa- Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16(1):34-44. noptera). Rev. de Ent., 19(1-2):55-114. 1915. An outline of the sub-families and higher POST, RICHARD L. groups of the insect order Thysanoptera. 1947. The Thysanoptera of Oregon. Unpublished Proc. Biol. SOC.Wash., 28:53-60. Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State College. 1925. New species of Ftankliniella (Thysa- PERGANDE, T. noptera). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. SOC., 20(2): 1895. Observations on certain Thripidae. 71-83. U.S.D.A., Div. Ent., “Insect Life,” 1927a. On the synonymy of some Thysanoptera 7(5): 392-95. occurring in California. Pan-Pac. Ent., PRIESNER, H. 3(4): 173-1 74. 1926-28. Thysanopteren Europa+ 755 pages. 19276. New Thysanoptera from the United Wien: Wagner. States. Jour. N.Y. Ent. SOC., 35:128. 1948. Contributions towards a knowledge of the 132-133. Thysanoptera of Egypt, XIV. 38. A review 1927~.New Neotropical Thysanoptera collected of the species of the genus Aeolothrips by C. B. Williams. 11. Psyche, 34(6): Hal., pertaining to the Mediterranean fauna. 233-242. Full. SOC. Fouad lerEnt., 32:317-341. 1927d. New Western Thysanoptera. Proc. Biol. 1949. Genera Thysanopterorum. Keys for the SOC.Wash., 40:197-204. identification of the genera of the order KARNY, H. H. Thysanoptera. Bull. Soc. Fouad lerEnt., 1912. Revision der von Serville aufgestellen 33:31-157. Thysanopterem-Genera. Zool. Ann., 4: SPEYER, E. R. 322-344. 1935. The Genus Aptionothn’ps Haliday (Thysa- MELIS, A. noptera: Terebrantia). Trans. Roy. Ent. 1952. Tisanotteri Italiani. IX. Genus Thrips. SOC.London, 83:483-508. Redia, 37:5-32. STANNARD, L. J. MORGAN, A. C. 1952. Phylogenetic studies of Franklinothn’ps 1713. New genera and species of Thysanoptera (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae). Jour. with notes on distribution and food plants. Wash. Acad. Sci., 42( 1): 14-23. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 46(2008):1-55. STEELE, H. VEVERS 1925~.A new genus, a new subgenus and seven 1935. Thrips investigation: Some common Thy- new species of Thysanoptera from Porto sanoptera in Australia. Coun. Sc. and Rico. Florida Ent., 9(1):4-5. Indus. Res., Pamphlet No. 54, 59 pp. 19256. Six new species of Frankliniella and a STEINWEDEN, J. B. key to the American species. Canad. Ent., 1933. Key to all known species of the genus 57:136-147. Taeniothrips Amyot and Serville (Thy- MOULTON, D. sanoptera: Thripidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. 1907. A contribution to our knowledge of the Soc., 59(978):267-295. Thysanoptera of California. U.S.D.A., Bur. UZEL, H. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 12, pt. 111, pp. 39- 1895. Monographie der Ordnung Thysanoptera. 68. 472 pp. KEniggrk. 1911. Synopsis, catalog, and bibliography of WATSON, J. R. North American Thysanoptera, with 1923. Synopsis and catalog of the Thysanoptera descriptions of new species. U.S.D.A., of North America. Univ. Florida, Agr. Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 21, pp. 1-56. Exp. Sta., Bull. 168, 100 pp. PLATES 1

MAGNIFICATION SCALE

Plate 17: Scale for fig. 4-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Fig. 2-center line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7-upper line equals 0.01 mm. Plate 18: Scale for figs. 8, 9, 11, 13, 14-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 10, 12-upper line equals 0.1 mm. Plate 19: Scale for figs. 21, 22-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20-upper line equals 0.01 rnm. Plate 20: Scale for figs. 23, 26, 27, 28, 29-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Fig. 30-center line equals 0.1 rnm. Figs. 24, 25-upper line equals 0.01 mm. Plate 21: Scale for figs. 31, 32, 34-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39-upper line equals 0.01 mm. Plate 22: Scale for figs. 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 40,44-upper line equals 0.01 mm. Plate 23: Scale for figs. 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57-lower line equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 48, 55-center he equals 0.1 mm. Figs. 49, 56-upper line equals 0.01 mrn. 3 7

5 Plate 17. Fig. 1, Erythrothrips mizonae Moulton, female. Ovipositor, lateral aspect. Fig. 2 , Aeolothrips fasciatus Linn;, female. Forewing. Fig. 3, Scirtothips citri (Moulton), female. Ovipositor, lateral aspect. Fig. 4, Ankothrips robustus D. L. Gawford, female. Head and pronoturn, dorsal aspect. Fig. 5, Rhipidothrips gratiosus Uzel, female. Antenna, segments I-IX. Fig. 6, Melanthrips digitus Bailey, female, holotype. Spur at tip of fore tibia. Fig. 7, Dactuliothrips spinosus Moulton, female. Fore leg showing armature.

[2111 8 v 9

I3

Plate 18. Fig. 8, Orothrips kelloggii Moulton, female. Antenna, segments 111-IX. Fig. 9, Erythrothrips arizonae Moulton, female. Antenna, segments HI-IX. Fig. 10, Stomatotbrips fZm Hood, female, p~~~. Forewing. Fig. 11, Erythrothrips arizoaae Moulton, female. Head, dorsal aspect. Fig. 12, FtankZino- thrips uespiformis @. t. Gawford), female. Antenna, segments I-N. Fig. 13, Rhipidothtips gratiosus Uzel, female. Head and pLonotuIII, dorsal aspect& Fig. 14, Metdhips magani Moulton, female. End of abdomen, dorsal aspect. 18

16 n I5 6

17

19 20 Plate 19. 24

25

W

c--1 29 -

Plate 20. Fig. 23, Limothrips cerealium Haliday, female. Pronotum. Fig. 24, Bregmatothrips uenustus Hod, female. Abdominal segment VIII, left half of tergite. Fig. 25, Plesiothrips perplexus (Beach), female. Antenna, segments 111-VII. Fig. 26, Hercinothrips femoralis (0.M. Reuter), female. Head and ponotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 27, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, female. Forewing, central part. Fig. 28, Kwtomathrips mom'lli Moulton, female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2 9, Anaphothrips reticulatus (Moulton), female. Head, dorsal aspect. Fig. 30, Parthenothrips dracaenae Heeger, female. Forewing . 32

A

34

?l 1 tt I_I3 37 \ 39 36

35

Plate 21. Fig. 31, Monilothrips kempi Moulton, female. Head and pronoturn, dorsal aspect. Fig. 32, Herco- thrips fasciatus (Pergande), female, topotype. Head and pronoturn, dorsal aspect. Fig. 33, Aptino- thrips rufus (Gmelin), female. Antenna, segments I-VI. Fig. 34, Aptinohips rufus (Gmelin), female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 35, Odontothips loti (Haliday), femak. Foreleg, tip of tibia and tarsus. Fig. 36, Plesiotbrips perpZextcs (Beach), male. Antenna, segments 111-VII. Fig. 37, Anuphothzips obscunrs (Miiller), female. Antenna, segments 111-VIII. Fig. 38, Leu cothrips piercei Morgan, female. Forewing. Fig. 39, Zsmeurotbrips wstrulis Bagnall, female. Antenna, segments 111-VII. Plate 22. Fig. 40, Toxonothrips gramineae Moulton, female, holotype. Antenna, segments 1411. F ig. 41, Thrips (Microcephalothrips) abdominalis (D. L. Gawford), female. Abdomen, dorsal aspect of segments VII-X. Fig. 42, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 43. Anapho- thrips longipennis D. L. Gawford, female. Abdominal segment VIII, tergite. Fig. 44, Oxythrips quercicoh Bagnall, male. Abdominal segment VIII, tergite. Fig. 45, Chilothrips pini Hood, female. Head and pronoturn, dorsal aspect. Fig. 46, Aipediothrips mojaue Hood, female, paratype. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 47, Taeniothrips (Mycterothrips) longirosttum (Jones), female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. 48

I \ 5'

56

54

SFB

H

Plate 23. Fig. 48, Sericothrips moultoni Jones, female. Forewing. Fig. 49, Scirtothrips citri Moulton, female, topotype. Abdominal segment VI, left half of tergite. Fig. 50, Psilothrips priesneri (Modton), female, paratype. Forewing, part of basal half. Fig. 51, Scolothips pallidus (Beach), female, Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 52, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), female. Pronotum. Fig. 53, Oxythrips quercicola Ragnall, female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 54, Rhopalandrothrips corni Moulton, female. Head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. Fig. 55, Rhopalandrothips comi Moulton, female. Forewing. Fig. 56, Rhopalandrothrips corni Moulton, male. Antenna, segments 111-VIII. Fig. 57, Taeniothrips inconsequens Uzel, female. Pronotum.

hi71

INDEX TO CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF TWYSANOPTERA PART I: TEREBRANTIA Page Page abdominalis (Microcephalothrips) thrips 202 hartleyi, Aeolothrips 157 aceri, Scirtothrips 192 herac lei, Thrips 203 aculeatus, Chirothrips 168 hukkineni, Thrips 203 aequalis, Ankothrips 164 inconsequens, Taeniothrips 200 albipennis, Taeniothrips 198 insignis, Frankliniella 175 albus, Scirtothrips 193 keeni, Erythrothrips 174 albus, Sericothrips 195 kelloggi, Orothrips 187 albus, Taeniothrips 198 kempi, Monilothrips 186 americanus, Echinothrips 172 kuwanaii, Aeolothrips 157 angulicornis , Limot hr ips 184 lemanis, Taeniothrips 200 arizonae, Erythrothrips 173 longicornis, Scolothrips 194 aureus, Taeniothrips 199 longipennis, Anaphothrips 160 auricestus, Aeolothrips 154 longipennis, Scirtothrips 193 australis, Isoneurothrips 182 longirostrum (Mycterothrips), Taeniothrips 200 boharti, Dactuliothrips 171 loti, Odontothrips 186 brevicauda, Aeolothrips 154 madronii, Thrips 203 bromi, Hercothrips 178 magnus, Thrips 204 brunneipictus, Aeolothrips 155 manicatus, Chirothrips 169 brunneus, Rhipidothrips 191 marginipennis, Hercothrips 179 cerealium, Limothrips 184 melaleucus, Aeolothrips 157 chrysothamni, Sericothrips 196 metacrucifer, Aeolothrips 158 citri, Scirtothrips 193 mexicanus, Chirothrips 170 clarus, Aeolothrips 155 minuta, Frankliniella 175 conspicua, Frankliniella 175 minutus, Anaphothrips 161 corni, Rhopalandrothrips 191 mojave, Arpediothrips 167 crucifer, Aeolothrips 155 montanus, Aeolothrips 158 digit us, Melan thrip s 185 morgani, Merothrips 185 diversus, Dactuliothrips 171 rnorrilli, Kurtomathrips 183 dracaenae, Parthenothrips 189 moultoni, Sericothrips 196 duvali, Aeolothrips 155 nasturtii, Aeolothrips 158 ehrhornii, Taeniothrips 199 nigropilosus, Thrips 204 falsus, Chirothrips 169 nitidus, Aeolothrips 158 fasciatus, Aeolothrips 156 notabilis, Ankothrips 165 fasciatus, Hercothrips 179 obscurus, Anaphothrips 161 fasciculatus, Erythrothrips 173 occidentalis, Aeolothrips 159 femoralis, Hercinothrips 178 occidentalis, Frankliniella 175 flaws, Stomatothrips 197 opuntiae, Sqricothrips 196 frici, Taeniothrips 199 orchidii, Anaphothrips 161 furcatus, Leucothrips 183 oreios, Oligothrips 187 fuscus, Aeolothrips 156 orionis, Taeniothrips 20 1 gracilis, Ankothrips 164 pallidus, Scolothrips 194 gramineae, Thrips 203 pardalotus, Psilothrips 190 gramineae, Toxonothrips 205 pectinifer, Hecerothrips 181 gratiosus, Rhipidothrips 191 perplexus, Plesiothrips 189 haemorrhoidalis, Heliothrips 177 phaseoli, Hercothrips 179 220 INDEX

Page Page piercei, Leucothrips 183 stanfordii, Anaphothrips 162 pini, Chilotkips 168 tabaci, Thrips 204 priesneri, Psilothrips 190 tenuicornis, Frankliniella 176 prosopidis, Heterothrips 181 terrestris, Aeolothrips 159 quercicola, Oxythrips 189 tricolor, Anaphothrips I63 reticulatus, Anaphothrips 162 variabilis, Sericothrips 196 reuteri, Drepanothrips 172 venustus, Bregmatothrips 167 robus tus , Ankot kips 165 vespiformis, Franklinothrips 177 rufus, Aptinothrips 166 vitifloridus, Heterothrips 182 rufus stylifeja, Aptinothrips 166 vittipennis, Aeolothrips 159 salicis, Heterothrips 182 vulgatissimus, Taeniothrips 20 1 secalis, Chirothrips 170 xanthius, Taeniotluips 201 secticornis, Anaphothrips 162 xerophilus, Dactdiothrips 171 sexmaculatus, Scolothrips 195 yosemitii, Orothtips 188 simplex, Taeniothrips 20 1 yuccae, Ankothrips 165 spiniceps, Chirothrips 1 70 yuccae, Frankliniella 176 spinosus, Dactuliothrips 171