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Geology and Wines of Pachino – Portopalo Area. Preliminary Outlines

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Geology and Wines of Pachino – Portopalo Area. Preliminary Outlines Carveni, P., Sibi, P., Torre, A., Torre, F., and Valletta, M. (2016).Xjenza Online, 4:41{43. Xjenza Online - Journal of The Malta Chamber of Scientists www.xjenza.org DOI: 10.7423/XJENZA.2016.1.06 Research Note Geology and wines of Pachino { Portopalo area. Preliminary outlines Pietro Carveni∗1, Patrizia Sibi2, Alessandro Torre3;4, Fabio Torre3;4 and Mario Valletta4;5 1Geologist 2Experimental Pedagogy and Environmental Education { Ecology and Biological Sciences Department of Tuscia University of Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy 3Haliotis, Petralia Sottana, Italy 4IEMEST - Via Enrico Amari, 123 - 90139 Palermo, Italy 5Rocca di Cerere Geopark { Enna, Italy Abstract. This research, still in a developmental 2 Geological { Structural Frame phase, analyses geological peculiarities and the relation- The basic volcanic rocks (Fig. 1: CV), outcropping ships between them and the vineyards typical to the between the cliff in the east of Portopalo and the area Pachino-Portopalo area. northwest of Pachino (Carveni, Romano, Capodicasa & The actual knowledge does not yet allow the draw- Tricomi, 1991; Carveni & Capodicasa, 2011), are the ing of tourist routes from which a geo-tourist would be oldest local rocks. The Cretaceous age has been inferred able to join together Geosites and Oenosites. This will due to the fact they are comprised of a \Globotrun- be one of the main topics of future research, oriented cana calcilutites" layer and a \Rudiste limestones" layer to produce substantial contributions to the sustainable of Maastrichtian age at the top (Fig. 1: Cca). An development of this area. erosional surface, that truncates volcanic sequence, sep- Keywords: Geological Heritage, Geosites, Oenological arates these units. Heritage, Oenogeological zonation, Oenogeological itin- Limestones with Nummulites (Fig. 1: Eca), of Lute- eraries, Sustainable Development tian age, are characterised by a clear unconformity and rest on Cretaceous units. Clayey marls, with a breccias layer at the base, lie unconformably on older units and outcrop extensively in the north and west of Pachino. The age of these deposits are Messinian (Fig. 1: Mm). 1 Introduction Moreover, there are calcareous marls in transgression on some of the older units. These are the classical The southeastern extreme side of Sicily is characterised \Trubi" (Fig. 1: Pm), of Infrapliocenic age, in het- by the coexistence of many peculiarities that are very eropy with a calcarenitic facies. Finally, there are red- interesting, including geological landscape, historic- dish calcarenites, of Thirrenian age, rich in organogenic cultural aspects and eno-gastronomic features. component (Fig. 1: Qca). The authors of this paper have gained experience in Late and actual alluvial deposits outcrop at the bor- the fields of history and geological evolution of this ders of rivers (Fig. 1: a), and active dunes and fossil area of Sicily, particularly in the unique relationships dunes are irregularly present along the coast (Fig. 1: s). between the geological substratum, the chemical and granulometric nature of its soils, and the unique mark 3 Geomorphological Frame that these soils attribute to the vine. The morphological formations are a \consequence" of This preliminary contribution aims to establish long and complicated palaeogeographic evolution; the a geological-oenological zonation of the Pachino- more interesting structures are a product of the effus- Portopalo area to draw geo-tourist routes for the joining ive processes of the Cretaceous age and the erosive ac- of Geological resources with the oenological heritage. tion of the sea. Superficial eruptive structures, lined up *Correspondence to: Pietro Carveni (pietro [email protected]) c 2016 Xjenza Online 42 Geology and wines of Pachino { Portopalo area. Preliminary outlines Figure 1: Schematic geological map (Carveni & Capodicasa, 2011). 10.7423/XJENZA.2016.1.06 www.xjenza.org Geology and wines of Pachino { Portopalo area. Preliminary outlines 43 along directrices of tectonic weakness, and many dykes climate, characterised by alternating short rainy periods with similar orientation, belong to effusive processes. with long periods of insolation. Slopes, flat spaces of sea abrasion, marine terraces, mar- 5 Conclusions ine caves, pot holes and coastal ponds are related to the erosive action of the sea. This study concerns an area whose geological, structural Even karst forms, epygeal and hypogeal, are present. and geomorphological features are well known. At this The rise in sea level during the historical periods is stage of the study we have taken a particular interest shown by the presence of archaeological sites and his- in the Oenological Heritage, especially the type of vine- toric installations, now partially or totally submerged. yards and the connection between substrata and soils. The morphological characteristics may not be related This study is only preliminary research for the most sig- to a unique pattern of evolution due to lithological vari- nificant Geo-Oenological routes. ability of the outcropping rocks and their different ex- Acknowledgements posure to the atmospheric elements during the geolo- gical time frame. We would like to dedicate this article to Lucilia Gregori, The northern sector, dominated by marly rocks, is a dear friend and colleague who died prematurely in marked by a series of little hilly raisings with rounded 2012. outlines, separated by large valleys. The erosional pro- References cesses shown are extremely contained. In the central sector, where outcrops are widely vol- Aquino, S., D’Orefice, M., Esposito, L., Valletta, M. & canic rocks, there are some volcanic deeply eroded struc- Vitale, V. (2011). Geositi ed Enositi: itinerari tra tures. As a whole, the area is a wide valley that, in its il Patrimonio Geologico ed il Patrimonio Enologico terminal part, enlarges to form the coastal salt-marsh dell'Irpinia. Una proposta preliminare. In Atti del of Marghella. The hydrographic net is represented by quinto congresso internazionale i paesaggi del vino short torrents. { cartografia e paesaggi (pp. 31{38). Trevi, Perugia. The southern sector is characterised by typical tabu- Carveni, P. & Capodicasa, A. (2011). Studio delle car- lar morphology of calcareous landscapes. A large plat- atteristiche geologico-geomorfologiche della zona di eau, delimitated at the north and east by fault, descends Portopalo di Capo Passero (Sicilia sud-orientale) gradually and gently towards south. per la sua valorizzazione a scopo turistico. In Asso- The littoral area is characterised by low and rocky ciazione italiana geologia e turismo, atti del quarto coasts, from high cliffs on the sea and creeks, sometimes congresso nazionale (pp. 158{161). Bologna. very narrow and deeply incised, large and occupied by Carveni, P., Romano, R., Capodicasa, A. & Tricomi, sandy deposits. S. (1991). Geologia dell'area vulcanica di Capo The coastal inland is bordered by ponds: they are Passero (Sicilia sud-orientale). Mem. Soc. Geol. It. hollows divided from the sea by sandy borders and/or 47, 431{447. calcarenitic bars. Sibi, P. & Valletta, M. (2013). Geositi ed Enositi: itiner- ari attraverso il Patrimonio Geologico ed Enologico 4 Vineyards and Substrata dell'Irpinia. Spunti di riflessione. In Seminario in- torno a \geologia e vini". Bolognano. The vineyard that is more diffusely cultivated to pro- duce wine grapes, more than Frappato and Pignatello, is the Nero d'Avola. More recently, the Moscato Bianco has also been introduced. The substrata of the soils are prevailingly constituted by Cretaceous volcanic rocks and Messinian marly- clayey sediments. Studies and analyses to map out Geosites, Geo- morphosites, Oenosites and itineraries conjugating Geo- logical and Oenological Heritages are in progress. These surveys are very important for the sustainable develop- ment of such areas (Aquino, D’Orefice, Esposito, Val- letta & Vitale, 2011; Sibi & Valletta, 2013). The climate is Mediterranean arid, with long peri- ods which are almost totally dry (from May to Octo- ber). The arid climate can be sporadically interrupted by storms, precipitation and months with a temperate 10.7423/XJENZA.2016.1.06 www.xjenza.org.
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