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The Essentials for Success in the Post-Cold War Era. Glenn Joseph Antizzo Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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The Essentials for Success in the Post-Cold War Era. Glenn Joseph Antizzo Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1995 Direct United States Military Intervention: the Essentials for Success in the Post-Cold War Era. Glenn Joseph Antizzo Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Antizzo, Glenn Joseph, "Direct United States Military Intervention: the Essentials for Success in the Post-Cold War Era." (1995). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5992. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5992 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DIRECT U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTION: THE ESSENTIALS FOR SUCCESS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Glenn Joseph Antizzo A.B., Cornell University, 1985 M.A., University of Georgia, 1990 August 1995 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9609066 Copyright 1995 by Antizzo, Glenn Joseph All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9609066 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. OCopyright 1995 Glenn Joseph Antizzo All rights reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the assistance, encouragement, love, and support of many people. Therefore, I want to gratefully acknowledge the following for their essential roles in bringing this work to its fruition. I wish to thank and praise my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. It is by His grace that I have been able to come this far in my studies. This work is dedicated to His glory. I wish to give my most heartfelt thanks to my advisor, Dr. Cecil V. Crabb, Jr. I am so very grateful to have had the opportunity to work with such a truly great man and scholar. Although he retired during my tenure at LSU, Dr. Crabb continued to serve as the chair of my dissertation committee. His wisdom and vast knowledge are evident throughout this work. He always believed in me and his encouragement sustained me through the more difficult times. In many respects he was like a father to me during my studies here at Louisiana State University. I will always remember him with, great affection. I wish to express my great love for, and eternal gratitude to, Suzanne Hoke, her mother Mary Jo, and her iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. entire family. Their friendship is of the type that one rarely experiences and, consequently, greatly cherishes. They stood by me and sustained me through all of my difficulties. They never stopped believing in me and always urged me on. For all that they have done for me over these five years, I am in their debt. Suzie is truly my best friend. I wish to thank my father, John Antizzo, for his love and support. His assistance, especially in the later stages of this project, was selfless and was always offered with words of encouragement and praise. I wish to thank my mother, Jeanne Judge. Without her love, faith in my work, and financial sacrifice my graduate education would not have been possible. I also want to gratefully acknowledge my stepfather, George V. Judge III, and my stepmother, Barbara Antizzo. They both sacrificed greatly to make this Ph.D. possible. I love them very much and consider myself blessed to have them in my family. I want to express my appreciation to my minor professor, Dr. Karl A. Roider. His knowledge of Eastern Europe has greatly enriched my graduate education. I am grateful for his careful reading of this dissertation and his constructive criticism, both of which have made this a much better work. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I wish to also express my gratitude to Dr. William A. Clark, who continually challenged me to produce work of only the very highest quality. His knowledge of Eastern European politics has sparked my interest in the foreign and military policies of the states of the former Warsaw Pact. Furthermore, he has always provided me with sound counsel with regard to my academic and professional career. Many thanks to Dr. E. Ramon Arango. His infectious enthusiasm in the classroom has greatly influenced my teaching style. His support and faith in me are greatly appreciated and will always be remembered. Thanks also to Dr. Kevin V. Mulcahy. His careful consideration of my work and his thoughtful insights have helped make this a more complete work. I want to also acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Harry Mokeba. Although not a member of my committee, Dr. Mokeba took an interest in my work and was especially helpful in the development of the chapter on Somalia. I must also thank my close friends Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Keith Gaddie for all their love and support. I wish to extend especially warm thanks to Dr. James Campbell, who always believed in me. His assistance at various key points in my academic career have made this Ph.D. possible. I hope my work will always be a source of pride to him. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I want to thank Dr. James Garand who saw the potential in me. He was instrumental in securing my assistantship and allowing me the opportunity to prove myself here at LSU. I will always be grateful to him. I wish to also thank my grandparents, Joseph and Agnes Antizzo and the late Imogene Lawrence for all their love, understanding, and faith. For her Christian fellowship, I am especially grateful to my aunt, Joyce Donath. She was a pillar of spiritual strength. I also wish to thank Carol Hodges for her meticulous proofreading of this work and her helpful suggestions regarding its format. Finally, I would like to express my thanks to various others who have made my experience at LSU something that I will always cherish: Anthony Vachris, Mr. and Mrs. John Murphy, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Johnson, Dr. Keith A. Boeckelman, Dr. William Arp, Dr. G. Ellis Sandoz, Dr. Thomas Owen, Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Cubbage, and Mr. William Crawford of the Louisiana State Law Institute. Their support and encouragement gave me the determination to see this project through. I will remember them all with great fondness. vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................... iii Abstract.............................................. viii Chapter I Direct U.S. Military Intervention: An Introduction................................. 1 II A Brief History of U.S. Direct Military Intervention................................ 20 III A Typology of Preconditions Favoring the Success of Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era........................... 48 IV Operation Just Cause: The Invasion of Panama...................................... 77 V Iraq: Operation Desert Storm.................. 137 VI Operation Restore Hope: Humanitarian Relief in Somalia................................
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