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Streamflow in the Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut-Statistics and Trends, 1931-2000

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Streamflow in the Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut-Statistics and Trends, 1931-2000 USGS science for a changing world Streamflow in the Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut-Statistics and Trends, 1931-2000 Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4217 Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow in the Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut-Statistics and Trends, 1931-2000 By Elizabeth A. Ahearn Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4217 Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection East Hartford, Connecticut 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 101 Pitkin Street Box 25286, Federal Center East Hartford, CT 06108 Denver, CO 80225 http://ct.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose and scope ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Previous studies ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Description of basin.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Streamflow statistics ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Flow-duration statistics .................................................................................................................................... 5 LO\V-flow frequency statistics . .. .. .. .. ... .. .......................... ... ... ...... ....................... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. ... .. 5 Monthly mean and monthly median streamflow .................................................................. ............................ 12 August median streamflow ............................................................................................................................... 16 Streamflow trend analysis at the Wallingford gaging station ................................................................................... 17 Trend detection methods .................................................................................................................................. 17 Trends in streamflow ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Factors that affect trends in streamflow ........................................................................................................... 23 Precipitation ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Wastewater discharges .. .. .. .. ... ... ....... ..... .. .... .. .. .. ... ... .......... ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .......... ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .................... 25 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 29 References cited ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 Appendix 1. Trend results of selected percentiles of streamflow between the annual minimum and annual maximum, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn., 1931-2000 ....................................................................... 33 Appendix 2. Trend results of annual and monthly precipitation data for selected stations in Connecticut, 1930-2000 ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix 3. Trend results of wastewater-discharge data from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities in Meriden, Cheshire, and Southington, Conn. 1985-2001 .................................................................................... 41 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of the Quinnipiac River Basin, south-central Connecticut, and data-collection points ................................................ ................................................................................. 4 Figures 2. to 19. Graphs showing: 2. Minimum, maximum, and period of record flow-duration curves (A), and monthly flow-duration curves (B) at Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ............................... 8 3. Minimum, maximum, and period of record flow-duration curves (A), and monthly flow-duration curves (B) at Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 ............................... 9 4. Low-flow frequency curves, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 (A) and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 (B) ........................................ 11 5. Monthly median and monthly mean streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 (A) and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 (B) .............. 13 6. Boxplots showing monthly streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 (A) and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 (B) .............. 14 Contents ill FIGURES-Continued 7. Trends in annual August median streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ........................................................................................................................................... 16 8. Annual maximum, mean, median, and minimum streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ...................................................................................................................... 18 9. Trends in annual minimum streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ........................................................................................................................................... 21 10. Trends in annual maximum streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ........................................................................................................................................... 22 11. Trends in annual median streamflow, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 ... 22 12. Annual total precipitation for five rain gages in and near the Quinnipiac River Basin, Conn., and LOWESS smooth line, 1930-2000 ...................................................................................................... 24 13. Annual minimum streamflow at two U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations (Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn.-01196500 and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn.-01195400), 1988-2000 .......................................................................................................... 26 14. Monthly total permitted wastewater discharges into the Quinnipiac River from the wastewater-treatment facility in Meriden, Conn., 1985-2001 ............................................................................................... 26 15. Trends in wastewater discharges into the Quinnipiac River from the wastewater-treatment facility in Meriden, Conn., 1985-2001 ............................................................................................................... 28 TABLES 1. Annual and monthly flow duration, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-00 and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 ..................................................... 6 2. Annual lowest mean flows for indicated periods of consecutive days and indicated recurrence intervals, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 ............................................................................................ 10 3. Monthly streamflow in percentiles, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 ..................................................... 15 4. Monthly median streamflows for August and September, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, Conn. (01196500), 1931-2000 and Quinnipiac River at Southington, Conn. (01195490), 1988-2000 ............. 16 5. Trends for selected percentiles of streamflow between the annual minimum and annual maximum streamflows, Quinnipiac River at Wallingford,
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