Fire Hose Nozzle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

An Internet Book on Fluid Dynamics Example: Fire Hose Nozzle As a common and useful example consider the application of the linear momentun theorem to a simple nozzle as shown in Figure 1. For simplicity, it is assumed that the velocity magnitudes, q1 and q2,are uniform across the inlet area, A1, and the jet area, A2, respectively. The fluid is incompressible with density ρ and viscous losses within the nozzle are negligible as are the effects of gravity. Figure 1: A simple nozzle. It follows from the arbitrary duct analysis that the force that must be applied to the nozzle to hold it in place is ∗ F1 = m(−q1 + q2) − (p1 − pa)A1 +(p2 − pa)A2 (Bec1) in the direction of the flow. In this case the jet pressure, p2, is equal to the atmospheric pressure, pa,and the mass flow rate, m = ρq1A1 = ρq2A2, by continuity and so this expression can be written as ∗ 2 A1 F1 = ρA1q1 − 1 − (p1 − pa)A1 (Bec2) A2 Moreover, since the viscous losses in the nozzle are deemed negligible and gravity is to be neglected we can use Bernoulli’s to relate the pressure difference to the velocities: A2 p − p 1ρ q2 − q2 1ρq2 1 − 1 a = ( 2 1)= 1 2 1 (Bec3) 2 2 A2 and so the force that one must apply to the nozzle to hold it in place becomes 2 ∗ 1 2 A1 F1 = − ρA1q1 − 1 (Bec4) 2 A2 or, in terms of the pressure difference, (p1 − pa), ∗ (A1 − A2) F1 = −(p1 − pa)A1 (Bec5) (A1 + A2) In fact this is the force that the pipe upstream of the nozzle applies to the nozzle. The fact that this force is in the backward direction (opposite to the direction of flow) is somewhat counterintuitive since momentum is being added to the fluid as it passes through the nozzle. But we note that the total force ∗ being applied to the fluid in the nozzle is F1 plus (p1 − pa)A1 or ∗ 2A2 F1 = F1 +(p1 − pa)A1 =(p1 − pa)A1 (Bec6) (A1 + A2) which is in the forward direction. A fireman holding a nozzle with a flexible hose must indeed apply this forward force while holding the nozzle in order to prevent it flying backwards. This is seen more clearly in the next example of a fire hose with an upstream bend..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Parker Legris Technical Tubing & Hose
Parker Legris Technical Tubing & Hose For advice or more information, please do not hesitate to contact us. Visit our website today: www.parkerlegris.com or consult our general Catalogue. Technical Tubing and Hose Overview P. 4-5 Technical Tubing and Hose Range P. 6-7 Packaging for Technical Tubing and Hose P. 8 Product Codes of Parker Legris Tubing and Hose P. 9 Flexible Calibrated Tubing Polyamide Tubing Semi-Rigid PA P. 11 Rigid PA P. 12 Table of Contents Table Fireproof PA P. 15 Anti-Spark with PVC Sheath P. 17 Polyurethane Tubing PU Ester P. 19 PU Ether - PU Ether Food-Grade "Crystal" P. 20 Antistatic PU P. 23 PU Ether, Anti-Spark, Single Layer / PU Ether, Anti-Spark with PVC Sheath P. 25 Polyethylene Tubing Advanced PE P. 27 Low Density PE P. 27 Fluoropolymer Tubing FEP P. 29 PFA P. 31 Antistatic PFA P. 31 Calibrated Multi-Tubing Polyamide Tubing with PVC Sheath Semi-Rigid PA P. 33 Twin Polyurethane Tubing Twin PU Ester P. 33 Calibrated Recoil Tubing Semi-Rigid PA Assembled with Fittings P. 35 PU Ester and Ether Tubing Assembled with Fittings, Metallic Spring Guard P. 37 Assembled with Fittings, Plastic Spring Guard P. 38 Coiled without Fittings P. 37 Braided PU Hose Assembled with Fittings, Plastic Spring Guard P. 41 Calibrated Braided Hose Clear Food-Grade PVC P. 43 Blue PVC P. 43 Self-Fastening NBR P. 45 Accessories P. 46-47 Compatibility Chart P. 48-49 Product Selection Table P. 50 3 Technical Tubing and Hose PA Tubing Fireproof High Resistance PA Tubing Anti-Spark PA or PU Tubing, with (P.
[Show full text]
Barbed Fittings and Clamps for Plastic and Rubber Tubing and Hose
123c Fittings & Clamps Hundreds of types of fittings To complete a tubing or hose and clamps can be used with installation, clamps are typically plastic and rubber tubing. Our necessary. NewAge Industries goal at NewAge® Industries is to offers a selection of quality offer a good cross-section of products to securely finish your fittings to efficiently connect our application. tubing and hose products. We suggest you use the The unique and compact ear- Recommended Fittings & type clamping system developed Clamps section found at by Hans Oetiker is a popular item. each tubing and hose Its simple design provides a product to guide you in strong clamping system that your selection. never needs retightening. The Oetiker name, as well as the You’ll see on the products it represents, is well following pages that known and respected throughout NewAge Industries the world. offers barbed fittings — Stainless steel worm gear clamps Thermobarb® — in are offered in many styles, various plastic materials including lined for use with soft and in brass for use with tubing. They offer a simple screw soft-walled tubing. A wide tightening method of installation. range of standard sizes are available. Many customers, however, do not want to use metal clamps for Heavy duty cam and groove various reasons (weight, couplings in two materials corrosion, conductivity), yet they handle corrosive materials. They still require a reliably strong and provide high impact strength and secure clamp. Kwik Clamp™ gives a much lighter weight than their the advantages of an all-plastic metal counterparts. design that cannot rust or corrode, will not vibrate loose, NewAge also offers push-to- and can be reused.
[Show full text]
Flexible Metal Hose Assemblies
Canada FLEXIBLE METAL HOSE ASSEMBLIES THE ASSOCIATION FOR HOSE AND ACCESSORIES DISTRIBUTION Introduction With origins dating to 1902, Senior Flexonics is today recognized as the leader in the metal hose industry. Our leadership has been earned through consistent Notes application of solid engineering principles, stringent quality standards and product innovation to produce safe and reliable metal hose assemblies for various industrial piping applications. This catalogue contains product performance data and physical descriptions for each of our series of metal hose. In addition, applications engineering information is included to provide guidance in the selection and installation of metal hose assemblies in your piping system . Hopefully, you will find this catalogue to be a useful and informative technical reference manual that assists you in making an educated selection of the most suitable products for your application. Quality Programs and Certifications • ISO Certification: As part of our continual business improvement process, Senior Flexonics quality assurance system is certified to ISO 9001:2000. • Welding: All welding is performed by certified welders to ASME Section IX of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. • Testing: All hose assemblies are 100% tested prior to shipment. Standard tests include hydrostatic and pneumatic. Other tests are available upon request. Test reports are supplied with shipment upon request. • Tagging: All assemblies are tagged with CRN number and any other information required. NOTICE: The information and technical data contained herein is believed to be accurate and the best information available to us at the time of printing this catalogue. All information and data contained herein is subject to change at any time, without notice.
[Show full text]
Divator STEEL Cylinders
DIVATOR STEEL CYLINDERS The DIVATOR steel cylinders all have a very low profile and no protruding parts, which reduces the risk of getting caught in obstacles and ensures less water resistance. The cylinder design is robust and suitable for diving in demanding environments. DIVATOR steel cylinder packs and single cylinders all have an easily accessible cylinder valve and are equipped with a quick connect interface to harness or BC. DIVATOR Steel Cylinders Part No. Description Item Cylinder identification, example: 98412-02 Cylinder pack 324 PED A 324 98411-02 Cylinder pack 326 PED B 98411-03 Cylinder pack 326 with Easy-fill connection C 98445-01 Single cylinder 316 D 300 bar Number of Volume of (Pressure) cylinders each cylinder (in liter) B A D C Easy-fill connection DIVATOR - The Complete Diving System DIVATOR - The Complete Diving System 15 DIVATOR CARRYING SYSTEM DIVATOR BCW DIVATOR Harness • Well integrated interface to the • Super elastic material in the back plate DIVATOR System that makes it virtually unbreakable, even • 20 kg/44 lbs. lift capacity with in low temperatures standard bladder, other bladder • Lockable and adjustable belt buckles capacities available with quick release function • Available in four sizes, and equipped • Ribbed back plate that keeps the diving with fully adjustable shoulder and apparatus close to the diver waist panels • Ergonomic design for best weight • Weight release system distribution of the cylinder pack • Heavily reinforced construction with 1050 denier nylon • Quick cylinder attachment interface 16 DIVATOR - The Complete Diving System DIVATOR - The Complete Diving System DIVATOR BCW The DIVATOR BCW is a buoyancy compensating vest of wing type that combines high quality heavy duty construction, weight integration, and rear wing style buoyancy.
[Show full text]
2 ½” Hose Nozzle Replacement
2 ½” HOSE NOZZLE REPLACEMENT All American-Darling Fire Hydrants Manufactured From 2005 Through 2011 WARNING: EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH PRESSURE CONTAINING DEVICES. POTENTIAL HAZARD - FAILURE TO RELIEVE HYDRANT CAP PRESSURE CAN RESULT IN THE CAP OR NOZZLE BLOWING OFF, CAUSING SERIOUS INJURY. DO NOT STAND IN FRONT OF A HYDRANT NOZZLE WHEN OPERATING A HYDRANT. To ensure the hydrant is not charged with pressure when removing a cap, it is considered safe practice to close the auxiliary gate valve in the lateral water line between the main line and the fire hydrant. Nozzle Verification 1. Take care to follow proper safety procedures. Be sure to wear eye protection and gloves when working on a fire hydrant. DO NOT STAND DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF A FIRE HYDRANT NOZZLE. 2. Verify the hydrant to be remediated is an American- Darling fire hydrant marked with a 2005 to 2011 manufacture date. This date is cast on the top, front of the hydrant upper barrel just above the pumper nozzle. 3. Remove the hose nozzle caps. The inside surface of each nozzle has an as-cast identification mark. In some cases the mark may be in the top of the nozzle, Figure 1- American-Darling Hose Nose Nozzle and it may be necessary to use a mirror, or even Exhibiting "S" Casting Mark remove the nozzle, to more easily see it. The mark is 6. NOTE: Excluded from this service notice are a limited just above the vendor ID “WN25OR”. As detailed in number of American-Darling hydrants produced in Figure 1, the nozzle ID cast marking is an “S”, “L”, or 2006 using the Amlok nozzle system.
[Show full text]
Garden Hose Nozzles B Brass / Rubber Power Flow Water Nozzles
A Nozzles and Accessories Cam & Groove Garden Hose Nozzles B Brass / Rubber Power Flow Water Nozzles Swivel Joints • Heavy duty construction won't break or leak • Use with 5/8" or larger hose for best C • Adjustable spray (cone, sharp stream, full performance action) • Hot water up to 140°F • For hot or cold water use Boss Fittings D Inlet Thread Part # Price/E GHT PNB75GHT $30.75 Air Fittings E Insulated Water Nozzles • Heavy duty brass valve and adjusting nut • Rubber handle guard Shank Fittings • Clip locks any spray pattern • GHT thread on head F • Chrome plated all zinc body • Hot water up to 180°F • Industrial strength nylon handle Brass Fittings Inlet Thread Part # Price/E G GHT SN75 $22.15 NPT SN75NPT 22.15 Plastic Fittings H Pistol-Grip Water Nozzles • Heavy duty all zinc metallized body • Stainless steel spring with lifetime • Clip locks any spray pattern packing Clamps • Easy squeeze on/off lever • Rubber handle guard I • brass valve and adjusting nut Part # Price/E Hydraulic Fittings J CSN75 $12.65 Holedall Fittings Brass Twist Nozzles K • Brass • For use up to 150 PSI (water only) • 500-AN4 and 500-AN7 are imported Sanitary Fittings Thread Size Length Part # Price/E L 3/4" GHT 4" BTN75 $16.50 3/4" GHT 4" 500AN4 10.65 3/4" GHT 7" 500-AN7 27.20 Fire Hose Fittings M Adjust-a-Power Nozzle Valves N • Ideal for patio, auto and boat, driveway and • Leave nozzle in the open position garden when not in use • Produces 50% more power than twist • Brass construction with stainless nozzles steel bearings Pipe & Welding • Does not require a washer • For use up to 100 PSI (water only) O Thread Size Part # Price/E ¾" GHT AAPN75GHT $15.00 Tank Truck Fittings P 246 DPL108 Maintenance & Repair pages237-253.pmd 246 10/5/2007, 10:07 AM.
[Show full text]
Planning a Hose and Nozzle System for Effective Operations by Jay Comella, Lieutenant Oakland Fire Department
By firefighters, for firefighters Firenuggets.com Planning a Hose and Nozzle System for Effective Operations By Jay Comella, Lieutenant Oakland Fire Department The Oakland (Calif.) Fire Department (OFD) convened a Board of Inquiry to investigate the line-of-duty- death of Firefighter Tracy Toomey, who died on January 10, 1999. The fire building at 3052 Broadway was a two-story, balloon-frame building of mixed occupancy, with a residential area over the commercial premises. It was not an unusual building for Oakland. On arrival, the first-alarm companies encountered a heavy fire condition on the first floor with extension up the stairway. They made an aggressive interior attack using multiple 1½-inch handlines. Fire was not extinguished in time to prevent the loss of structural integrity. The resulting collapse of the second floor into the first floor killed one OFD member and left two others with career-ending injuries. One of the three direct causes the Board of Inquiry report cited for the line-of- duty death was the inability of 1½-inch hose to flow sufficient water to extinguish the heavy volume of fire encountered. (1) Left to right: automatic nozzle (50-350 gpm), adjustable-gallonage nozzle (30-60- The report further recommended using 1¾-inch hose to 90-125 gpm @ 100 psi), constant-gallonage remedy insufficient fire flow volume of the 1½-inch hose. nozzle (150 gpm @ 50 psi), and 15/16-inch By simply upgrading from 1½-inch to 1¾-inch hose, the smooth-bore nozzle (180 gpm @ 50 psi). OFD could eliminate fully one-third of the direct causes (Photos by Daryl Liggins.) cited by the Board of Inquiry.
[Show full text]
Marine Plumbing Done Right
Marine Plumbing Done Right Presenter: Devon Norris Marine Mechanical Technician [email protected] Vancouver International Boat Show January 2018 1 We’ll Cover: ■ Standards and Codes ■ Excellent reference material ■ Hose selection ■ Fittings ■ Hose clamps ■ Tanks ■ Vented loops aka “The Anti-Siphon Valve” ■ Thru-hulls ■ Q & A 2 Yes, there are boat building codes 3 This is why we do it the way we do: ■ Transport Canada TP1332e (Federal law, therefore compulsory) ■ American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC, requires paid membership, Certified Technicians) – Most of Transport Canada’s code is based on ABYC ■ Most US Coast Guard codes are law in the US and have been paralleled in Canada. They mainly address vessel stability, fuel tanks and systems. ■ Pollution & Sanitation Regulations are covered in the Canada Shipping Act SOR/2012- 69 “Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regulations” 4 TP1332e ■ Pretty broad and vague, but includes exhaust systems, fuel systems, bilge pump requirements, waste, and more. ABYC ■ These are our “go to” Marine Standards with a searchable online database. Considered to be industry best practices. ■ Technicians can take courses with ABYC and must now re-certify every 5 year ■ Generally each system on a vessel has its own code, but for example “plumbing” is too broad and is broken down into hull penetrations, bilge pumps, water systems, etc. 5 REFERENCE MATERIAL 6 Recommended Books ■ Nigel Calder: Boat Owner’s Mechanical and Electrical Manual ■ Nigel Calder: Marine Diesel Engines (includes DIY Engine Survey)
[Show full text]
The Complete Diving System 2 Divator Product Overview
PRODUCT OVERVIEW DIVATOR THE COMPLETE DIVING SYSTEM 2 DIVATOR PRODUCT OVERVIEW A tragic bus accident in Sweden after the Second World War raised the concern that divers could not be quickly deployed to the crash site. The Swedish government asked Interspiro (“AGA” at that time) if they could provide a rapid deployment diving device for search and rescue operations. Interspiro began an extensive research program and in 1948 the Worlds first underwater breathing apparatus for search and rescue was presented to the Swedish authorities. The device, commonly referred to as the “iron bed” (because of the shape of the carrying frame), featured a breathing valve with inhalation and exhalation in the same diaphragm. The first of many Interspiro innovations in the field of diving. Today, over 60 years later, the latest generation of Interspiro SCUBA – DIVATOR – is still the preferred choice for professional divers around the World. The Interspiro diving philosophy is a system approach. The reason is simple and obvious, to obtain the highest possible safety level for professional divers. © 2015 Interspiro AB, Sweden. This publication contains or refers to proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Interspiro® and DIVATOR® are registered trademarks of Interspiro. This publication may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or con- verted to any electronic or machine-readable form in whole or in part without prior written approval from Interspiro. Changes or updates to this publication may be made
[Show full text]
Hose Care and Testing
http://www.fs.usda.gov/goto/gbea GBEA 2013 HOSE CARE AND TESTING Objective: Upon completion of this unit the student will possess a working knowledge of the NFPA recommended procedures for the care, maintenance and testing of cotton-jacket, lightweight and rubber booster hose. I. Introduction A. The importance of reliable fire hose 1. Essential for the protection of firefighters on the fireline 2. Can mean the difference between controlling or losing the fire if a hose breaks B. Must ensure that all hose on the engine is in good condition 1. The life of the hose is determined by how well it is cared for II. Types of Fire Hose A. Linen or unlined cotton/synthetic 1. Linen hose susceptible to mildew 2. Very porous a. Leaks until saturated then stays wet 3. Used for specialized needs a. Around coals, embers, or flame b. In buildings for standpipe systems B. Cotton/synthetic Jacket rubber lined hose 1. A circular woven jacket of cotton and synthetic fiber a. Single Jacket i. Lighter weight for wildland applications b. Double Jacket i. More durable for non-wildland applications 2. Sizes from 1 inch to 5 inches 3. Factory tested to 450 psi. a. Maximum working pressure C. Booster Hose (Hard Line) 1. Rubber lining with in several layers of fibers with a rubber covering 1 http://www.fs.usda.gov/goto/gbea GBEA 2013 2. Very heavy compared to other types of the same size hose 3. Very durable and resistant to heat, chemical, and mechanical damage 4. High friction loss in the standard 3/4 inch size 5.
[Show full text]
Parflex® Thermoplastic Hose, Tubing, Fittings and Accessories
Parflex® Thermoplastic Hose, FluidConnectors Tubing, Fittings and Accessories Catalog 4660-WEB August 2007 The World Standard Welcome to … The Parflex Division The Parflex Division, part of the Fluid Connectors Group, includes the Ravenna facility in Ohio, a hose assembly facility in Stafford, Texas, a hose manufacturing plant in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and a PTFE hose production plant in Mansfield, Texas. The Parflex Division is responsible for the manufacture of thermoplastic hose, tubing, hose bundles, harnesses, high pressure hose assemblies, fluoropolymer hose and tubing. Mansfield, Texas Stafford, Texas Ravenna, Ohio Manitowoc, Wisconsin The Charter of the Parflex Division is: " To be the global leader in engineered polymer-based products, and to provide system solutions for the conveyance and control of fluids." ® ® Parflex Multitube® Parflex FluidConnectors Instrument and Heat Metal Hose Trace Tubing Products Industrial Markets Catalog 4200-M-1/USA Catalog 4690-MH1/US September 2003 February 2002 *>ÀyÊiÝÉÌ>ÌV &LUOROPOLYMER4UBING0RODUCTS &LUID#ONNECTORS FluidConnectors #ATALOG53! !PRIL The World Standard The World Standard Catalog 4200 Catalog 4690-MH1 Catalog 4150 Catalog 4900 For information on products not contained in this catalog please contact Catalog Services at 440.205.7799 for copies of these additional Parflex products. Parker Hannifin Corporation Parflex Division FluidConnectors Ravenna, Ohio Pneumatic Hose & Fit. Hydraulic & Hydraulic Thermoplastic Hose, Tubing, Fittings and Ac ces so ries Hydraulic & Pneumatic Hose &
[Show full text]
Garden Hose Fittings
Catalog 3501E Garden Hose Fittings MatERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FITTINGS: Brass Washer: RUBBER NOMENCLatURE EXAMPLE: 50GHSV-6-12 ATTRIBUTE: FLARE TO FEMALE 50 HOSE GH GARDEN HOSE SV SWIVEL CONNECTOR 6 3/8" TUBE O.D. 12 3/4" HOSE THREAD SPECIFIcatIONS PRESSURE UP TO 150 PSI RANGE: Temperature +35°F TO +100°F at 75 PSI RANGE: 90GH IS INTENDED FOR USE WITH THE 97HC HOSE CLAMP OR CRIMPED ferrule NOTE: ALL FEMALE CONNECTOR ENDS SHOULD HAVE A rubber washer (901GH-12) Inserted PRIOR TO usaGE. Connect garden hose to other garden hose, to pipe, or to tubing with these solid brass fittings. Hose-end threads are 3/4” garden hose thread. Swivel connectors allow hose to twist without kinking. J15 Parker Hannifin Corporation Fluid System Connectors Otsego, Michigan www.comoso.com Catalog 3501E Garden Hose Fittings L L Swivel Connector SAE D M D Flare to Female Hose Thread 50GHSV Female Hose to Male Pipe 82GH & 83GH C HEX PART TUBE HOSE FLOW L M NO. SIZE THREAD DIA.D PART HOSE PIPE C FLOW L NO. THREAD THREAD HEX DIA.D 50GHSV-6-12 3/8 3/4 1.25 1. 15 .297 82GH-12-8 3/4 1/2 1-3/16 1.20 .562 50GHSV-8-12 1/2 3/4 1.34 1. 15 .406 83GH-12-12 3/4 3/4 1-3/16 1.22 .750 L L Hose Barb to Male D Hose Thread 53GH, D 54GH & 55GH C HEX Special Filter PART I.D. HOSE HOSE C FLOW C HEX L NO.
[Show full text]