Profile of Ahmednagar District Contents
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e H A P T E R THREE Profile of Ahmednagar District Contents 3.1 PHYSICAL SETTING 3.1.1 LOCATION 3.1.2 AREA 3.1.3 BOUNDARIES ( 3.1.4 RIVERS 3.1.5 CLIMATE 3.1.6 RAINFALL 3.2 POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN 3.2.1 POPULATION OF THE AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT. 3.2.2 OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN 3.3 AGRICULTURE 3.3.1 DISTRIBUTION OF LAND HOLDING 3.3.2 LAND USE 3.3.3 CROPPING PATTERN 3.3.4 TALUKAWISE CULTIVABLE LAND AND AREA UNDER IRRIGATION. 3.4 FOREST 3.5 ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORKS UNDER E. G. S. , P.W.D. , &.Z.P. 3 .6 NO. OF CIVIL CONTRACTORS 3.7 MARKET COMMITTEES cxmtCvuyie'.. 3.8 LIVE STOCK 3.8.1 LIVE STOCK POPULATION 3.8.2 VETERINARY FACILITIES 3.9 PUBLIC & GOVT. AIDED FINANCIAL AIDED MEDICAL FACILITIES 3 .1 0 BDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 3.11 CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT 3.12 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT. 3.13 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION 39 CHAPTER III. PROFILE OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT Brief History of Ahmednagar is named after Ahmednagar town. The town is famous since the medieval times. In the year 1490 when Ahmed, Nizam, Shah, the founder of the Nizam dynasty defeated the Bahamani troops under Jahagir Khan near its site. This victory was called the “Victory of the Garden”. Because on that spot Ahmed Shah built a palace and laid out a garden. In the year 1494 he laid the foundation of the city close to the Bag Nizam upon the left bank of the Sina river and called after himself Ahmednagar or the city of Ahmed. Ahmednagar district popularly called Nagar and came into existence in 1818. In 1822 its boundaiies spread between Vani in Dindori sub-division of Nasik and Karmala in Solapur District. In 1830 Solapur Sub-collectorate was inducted in the district and continued as such till it gained the status of an independent collectorate in 1838. During 1837-1838, Nasik sub-collectorate comprising of sub-division of Sinner, Chandor, Dindori, Nasik, Igatpuri and peint taluka was under Ahmednagai- District. Subsequently this sub collectorate of Nasik was abolished in 1856 and the area reverted to Ahmednagar District. The year 1869 witnessed the declaration of Solapur and Nasik as independent district thus leading to the shaping and emergence of present Ahmednagar district. In fact the district has had a chequered history of evolution in as much as in 1891 it included the sub-division of 40 Jamkhed, Newasa, Shrigonda, Shevgaon, Sangamner, Nagar, Kopargaon, Akola, Karjat, Parner and Rahuri. In 1913 Pat±iardi peta was created and the remadning part of Jamkhed taluka was renamed as Jamkhed Mahal. Subsequently: Karjat taluka was down graded as Karjat Peta during 1931-41. The upgrading of Pathardi and Karjat Talukas marked 1941-51. In 1945 Shrirampur taluka came into being Jurisdiction changes of 1950 resulted in the transfer of 21 villages from Beed district to Ahmednagar District on the contrary the district had to lose 26 villages to Beed district and one village to Aurangabad district with the reorganisation of states, the district was incorporated into Bombay state in 1956. However, since 1960 if constitutes a part of Maharashtra State. Th ^S7I 1318 inhabited villages and 5 towns dispersed over 12 talukas and one mahal comprised Ahmednagar district in 1961. During the decades 1961-71 with the upgrading of Jamkhed Mahal. The number of taluka goes to 13 and at the time of 1971 Census there were 1312 inhabited villages, 5 inhabited and 6 towns. The position continued to be the same till 1981 Census. Rahata taluka was created from 26^^ June 1999 on the ceremony of “Shivrajyabhishek” day. In Rahata taluka 60 villages are included some villages from Shrirampur taluka and some from Kopargaon taluka. Up to this stage there is only Panchayat Samiti Offices and Taluka Offices so no classification of agricultural area and population and other information is not mentioned in the socio economic survey of Ahmednagar District in the Year 1999-2000. 41 3.1 PHYSICAL SETTING: The importance of favourable natural circumances to economic development cannot be over emphasised. Hence the presentation of the following resources available in Ahmednagar district will enable us to know the extent of possibility of developing the sugar factory activity bank activity and the dairy activity on co-operative basis. 3.1.1Location Ahmednagar District is located between 18.2 & 19.2 North latitude and 73.9 & 75.5 East longitude and lies in the Central belt of Maharashtra State. 3.1.2 Area: Ahmednagar district covers an area of 6471.90 sq. Miles as per 1991 Census considered as the largest district of the Maharashtra. For Administrative purpose the district is divided into 14 talukas. But one taluka Rahata was created from 26‘h June 1999. So data is not available. The taluka wise statistics of area number of villages is given in the following table.3.1 42 Table No. 3.1 Taluka Wise Area and Villages of Ahrnednagar District Sr. Talukas Area in sq. No. of Villages No. m iles 1. Ahrnednagar 585.20 115 2. Akola 474.60 179 3. Karjat 560.10 117 4. Kopargaon 403.40 103 5. Jamkhed 336.80 87 6. Newasa 480.20 129 7. Parner 690.20 131 8. Pathardi 425.40 130 9. Rahuri 402.20 95 10. Sangamner 648.70 162 11. Shevgaon 436.20 111 12. Shrigonda 617.60 114 13. Shrirampur 311.30 81 Total 6807.90 1602 Source: Census Book Ahrnednagar District 1991 Page No. 55 3.1.3.Boundaries: It is surrounded by Beed surrounded by Beed district in the East Osmanabad and Solapur District to the South, East Pune Districts to the South and Soxith West. Thane and Nasik District to the North and Aurangabad district to the North East. It is located at the Central place in Maharashtra. It is about 260 Kms long and 210 kins broad. 43 3.1.4. RIVERS The Godavari and Bhima are the main rivers of this district, the Godavari in the south. Godavari River: It originates in the Tryambak hills of the Nasik District on the eastern slopes of the Sahyadri and after passing through the town of Nasik enters the district as considerable stream near the village Wadgaon in Kopargaon taluka. Pravara River: The pravara is an important tributary of the Godavari. It rises in the estern slopes of the sahyadri between the high peaks and hill forts of Kulang and Ratangad. It flows through Akola, Sangamner, Raliata and Shrirampur talukas. At Newasa it receives the water of the Mula and united streams then turning to North East falls into Godawari at Toka. The total length of the pravara is 200 kms. The upper of the Pravara in the amphitheater between the Kalsubai ranges have been developed into a huge reservoir lake, the Laske Aurther, behind the Wilson Dam near Bhandardara. The pravara left bank and right bank canal taking off from a pick up v/eir at ozar village 90 km£. downstream of the dam. The system irrigate an area of 39.500 hectares of mixed crop mainly for 44 Rahata, Shrirampur and some part of Newasa Taluka the northern part of the District. Mula River: It rises on the eastern slopes of the Sahyadri between Ratangad. It crosses Akola, Sangamner, Rahata, and Rahuri talukas and joins the Pravara at Newasa. The total length of the river from its source to it confluence with the pravara is 145 kms. Ghod River ; The Ghod River, the main left bank tributary of the Bhima, rises on the slopes of the sahyadri in Junnar taluka of Pune District. It flows in a Southeast early direction for over 80 kms. Bhima River : The Bhima River drains the southern part of Ahmednagar district, comprising the greater part of Karjat and Shrigonda talukas. It enters into the district near the village Sangvi Dumal in the Shrigonda taluka and for some 60 kms. 3.1.5. Climate In Ahmednagar District: The climate for the district is characterised by a hot summer and general dryness during major part of the year except during south West Monsoon Season. 45 3.1.6 Rainfall Of Ahmednagar District: The following Table No. 3.2 shows Rainfall condition of Ahmednagar District from the year 1990-91 to 1999- 2000 TableNo. 3.2 Rainfall Of Ahmednagar District For Period 1990-2000 Sr, No. Year Total Rainfall in M.M. (Average) 1. 1990 - 1991 412 2. 1991 - 1992 400 3. 1992 - 1993 385 4. 1993 - 1994 414 5. 1994 - 1995 402 6 . 1995 - 1996 426 7. 1996 - 1997 445 8 . 1997- 1998 398 9. 1998 - 1999 386 10. 1999-2000 427 Source: Socio £k:onomic Survey of Ahmednagar District from 1990-91 to 99-2000.Page No.25-26-27. Conclusion: Table No.3.2 reveals that the major portion of the district shows in the zone of low rainfall i.e. 3 m.m. annually. Western part of Akola taluka gets the highest annual rainfall. The rains start early in June and last till the end of September. The intensity of rainfall is greatest in second week of July season generally closes with some showers in November and December 46 3.2. POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN: Table No. 3.3 Population Of Ahmednagar District From 1921-2001 Sr. No. Years Total Population (Lacks) 1 1921 7,19,137 1931 9,69,209 1941 11,23,040 1951 14,10,873 1961 17,75,969 1971 22,69,117 1981 27,08,309 8 1991 33,73,000 2001 40,88,077 Source: District Census Handbook of Ahmednagar District Conclusion: The above Table 3.3 reveals that the population of Ahmednagar is continuously increased from 1921 to 2001.