Review of Literature: The researcher is intended to study his select novels and want to focus on socio-cultural issues in his select novels. Indian society is caste and religion based society. Earlier, they were all regarded equal in social status and could take up any profession they liked. There was no restriction in the matter of eating food or marriage with members of other profession. But with the beginning of specializing in hereditary professions and coming with contact with indigenous people situations changed and the birth of people decided their caste. Hence the varna system was developed that time was an outcome of social and economical development. But as time passed it led the divisions of society. He has read some articles on Kiran Nagarkar’s works. 1] Pande Vijay Baburao (Aug. 2011) writes in his research paper ‘Reasons for Cross- Culturalism in the Works of V’ S’ Naipaul,’ he presents Indian Immigrants to retain Indianness. Naipaul’s work reflects Cross-culturalism in Religion, tradition, taboos, orthodoxies, customs, rituals , superstitions, casteisms, marriage sex names education, language, clothes, manners etiquettes and food etc. 2] Suryawanshi Shivaji V and Kharbe Ram P (Nov.. 2011) has worked on ‘Cultural Harmony in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan’. The paper attempts to explore cultural harmony and its milieu with socialization and also how cultural disharmony plays reluctant role to demonstrate menace of social disintegration in the context of partition time of India. The culture of India is one of the oldest cultures in the world. There is cultural diversity through out the country. There is hardly any culture in the world that is as varied as India. It is a social theory that keeps Indian society integrated. 3]. Anjesh Kumar, (Aug. 2012)Cultural Dimensions in Raja Rao’s Novels, Raja Rao points out two complementary to each other Ramaswamy the hero of The Serpent and the of the Rope believes that one can know other’s culture by living together. He realizes it in the company of Madline. In another case Comrade Kirillov and Irene who come closer to each other forget their cultural differences. Kamal, the son by Irene visits India to pay off its cultural depths in both of the novels Raja Rao has tried to find the hidden strands that connect one culture with other. 5] Anjesh Kumar, (Sept. 2012) has also published an article on has written on Colonial Consciousness and Identity Crisis A Note on Arun Joshi’s central Character. It reflects the problem of identity and helpless efforts to explore the possibility of an equation between colonial consciousness and self realization. The parallel cultures of the rich and the poor moves in his mind. He sees corruption on national level therefore he finds no glory in family life, any merits in help and education. Restless, sleepless, he is terrified by uncertainties of life. 4] Mishra Alokkumar (Oct. 2012) presents in his research article ‘Study of Love Sex and Marriage in Anita Desai’s Fiction ; Desai explores the lives of characters in solitary confinements their place in society, social cultural and psychological approach through this article. This article focuses on the relationship of contrast sex. It should not remain up to male and female as other animals found in nature .There must be a bound of love there by the cultural and social issues are becoming fruitful and significant 5] Nagarkar Kiran’s God’s Little Soldier (2012) illuminates Zia’s childhood, his emersion in Islamic doctrine at the urging of his devout aunt Zubeida and Zia’s conviction as he grows up, he is destined to be God’s Little Soldier, a defender of Islamic values in a degenerate and immortal world. This novel shows the glimpses of spiritual quest, display of faith, spiritual zeal, fortitude, conversion of religion, fanatism and religious extremism, hypocrisy passion and love, influence and impact of Hindi cinema, manifestation of knowledge, identity crisis, conflicts, pain and suffering, psycho-analysis, exploration of the heroics and perils of idealism adaptability and adjustment in new Islamic culture and Oedipus complex in God’s Little Soldier. The book describes Kabir’s philosophy about God and his devotees. Sagari is a friend of Amanat who is child actress plays role in films but believes in Christianity Vivian is a girl friend of Zia who laughs at him when Zia was performing a prayer. This is epistolary style novel having digression method in this book. . My research guide 6]Patil Umesh in his research paper Crisis of Identity and Rethinking Feminism in Githa Hariharan’s The Thousand Faces of Night ( Oct. 2014)lights on the dungeon life of women in contemporary India. Githa Hariharan has focused on the life of Indian women. Devi the protagonist of the novel has facing the same problems which the traditional women. 7] Pawar H. D. (March. 2015) writes in his article In ‘Social awakening in R’ K’Narayan’s Novel The Guide’it reflects regional aspects characters, human relations, and myths. Narayan focuses on the credulity of Indian people gives an opportunity to humbugs like Raju to become a Sadhu and later the International Swamy. Lack of education and proper direction blind the people and gives birth to exploitation black magic, and social taboos in the society. 8] Rane S. R. (March. 2015) has written in his research paper on Social panorama of Human Relationship in kamala Markandeya’s Selected Novels that human relations and change of behaviour sharing meaningful and sometimes doubtful relations in domestic life which man and woman can live and work together harmoniously. 9] Pathak Narendra and Shindkhedkar S. D (March, 2015) wrote on Social Obligation and The Protagonist in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesmanshows social obligation means man’s bounded relation with society 10]Gaikwad Kamalakar (May 2015) A Multi dimensional View in Kiran Nagarkar’s Narrativesis also useful article for the researcher. It is about meaningful observation of human behaviour, description of natural phenomenon, god religion, music, political and social morality. In narrative perspective of Kiran Nagarkar uses social , cultural , political and realistic pictures in his works. He has skill full handled use of digression, language epigraph, which provides sound background to his major prospective. It is most beneficial for researcher because it is his core concept to judge such approach. 11] Gaikwad Kamalakar and Songire Vijay D, in their article (May 2015) A Critical Estimate of Gender Discrimination and Domestic Violence in Kiran Nagarkar’s Seven Sixties are Forty Threefocused on the social problem like gender discrimination. Indian women are subordinate to man. She had been always given a subordinate place by male dominating society. Kiran Nagarkar has observed the same in his study.The researcher has shown the cause of humanity, social justice and human welfare. The article linked to power , history, subjectivity , religion , cast and gender oppression operates in social set up as much through institution of culture .The family educational institution and media as though the repressive and violent forces of police and other state agencies. 12] GaikwadKamalakar( Sept. 2015)another article A Female Protagonists in Kiran Nagarkar’s Seven Sixes Are Forty Threealso presents the theme of man –woman relationship as it foregrounds the oppressiveness of Patriarchy and precarious existence of women. The author mainly focuses on female protagonist and her status in society. It reflects husband and wife relationship through their various sufferings, humiliations dependability of male dominated society, inability to resist against men is cleverly described by Kiran Nagarkar. 13] Gaikwad Kamalakar and Songire Vijay D, ( Nov. 2015) in their article Identity Crisis in Kiran Nagarkar’s Seven Sixes Are Forty Three,Kashank is the mouthpiece of the author reveals pain suffering, death, tragic plight, loneliness etc. is prominently revealed through his life. 14] GaikwadKamalakar(Dec, 2015) Kiran Nagarkar: An Emerging Star in Indian English Fiction, Indian Scholar,An International Multidisciplinary e-journal is also very useful article the researcher has studied. Nagarkar depicts effectively traditional themes, their ironic mode of narration and outlines of the plot moving trans-continental territories. He mentions cultural elements and composes his work for Indian ethnic groups. He presents cohesive cultural face to the world at last. Nationalism has been the majopr preoccupation of post-colonial studies. 15] Salunke Khusahba, (Feb, 2016) in her article “Reflection of Culture, Gender and Ethnic Identity in Selvadura’s Funny Boy,”lights on the story of a boy who grows up and brought up in Srilanka. The paper exposes the cultural conflict between Sinhala Tamil has been displayed by Selvadurai. 16] Gangurde U. Y.( March. 2016) wrote an article on Tradition, Religion and Culture Reflected in The Village by the Sea The paper focuses on the culture and Tradition is not just rituals an offering it shapes the lives of people as it has in village narrated the novel. His second article he has presented paper ‘Reflection of Caste System and inferiority Sense in Untouchable’ he emphsises about the caste system deliberately imposed in because of superiority complex and class structure it shows social economical cultural disparity between upper caste Hindu’s and inferior untouchables. 17] Kharba Ambreen S. (March. 2016)has also focused on cultural prejudice among people of different religion and caste in their article History Politics and Cultural Conflict in Shashi Tharoor’s Riot. The article focuses on cultural issues and it will be useful for researcher. 18] Jaybhaye Ramesh B. (April 2016) has also written on Multiculturalism in Kiran Nagarkar’ s Ravan and Eddie. His article focuses on multicultural issues, life style of Chawl and Hinduisms’ as well as Christianity. Ravan and Eddie is one of the waitlist, bawdiest, most perceptive novels in contemporary Indian English Literature. 19] Gaikwad Kamalakar and PatilSmita (May 2016) has published Psycho-analysis and intolerance in Kiran Nagarkar’s God’s Little Soldier The article focuses on human interests like human attitudes experiences and thoughts irrational drives that are rooted in the unconscious mind in early childhoods. 20] Gaikwad Kamalakar and Patil Smita (May 2016) also showed the glimpses of spiritual quest, display of faith, spiritual zeal fortitude conversion of religion, fanatism and religious extremism, hypocrisy, passion and love influence of Hindi cinema in their article Faith, Fealty and Fortitude : A manifestation of Kiran Nagarkar’s God’s Little Soldier They also showed psycho analytical study they presented Zia Khan’s intolerance in their research paper Psycho analysis and Intolerance in Kiran Nagarkar’s God’s Little soldier. 21] Gaikwad Kamalakar and Patil Smita(May 2016) in their research paper Distress and Disorientation in Kiran Nagarkar’s Ravan and Eddie probed the world of protagonists and his deep psychological problems. It reveals the distress and disorientation of his famous novel Ravan and Eddie. 22] Yatnalli Viswanath Y (Sept. 2016) The Struggle of Ravan and Eddie to Become Superstar in Kiran Nagarkar’s Extras’ shows triology of Ravan and Eddie in which two friends Ravan and Eddie belong to different cultures and domestic surroundings. Some research papers like Sociological Perspectives in Toni Morrison’s Beloved by 23] Anuja M. P. (July. 2016) is useful for this study which focuses on sociological perspectives that are broad assumptions about society and social behaviour. 24] Negarkar Kiran’s Jasoda (2017) Jasoda is one of the finest work of Kiran Nagarkar. I read his earlier work Cuckold and Ravan and Eddie. I like Jasoda in it he has increased his skill of writing. Jasoda is set on the life of Rajput family. Jasoda is a story of a woman trapped in circumstances but crawling her way out by any means necessary. Jasoda lives every social evil that urban India would like to forget. She bears three sons and one daughter. She earns food for her children, abusive husband and invalid mother-in-law. She has explained rain to her kids. Nagarkar’s story is told in scenes. Jasoda is a story of Indian woman. Nagasrkar’s book echoes the listing narration of Cuckold. Part I is set in Kantagiri. Jasoda moves to Mumbai. Part III and IV we see her return to home. It is not a heroic return. Jasoda, her eldest son Himmat, and Janhavi are important characters in the novel. Her husband Sangram Sing works in the royal palace of Paar, he is greedy, selfish and cruel. He does not care his family. He knows his rights on woman. Himmat emerges as true victor. He is intellectually genius. He memorizes his father’s treatment to his brothers and mother. He also remembers the repeated murders of his newborn sisters. Jasoda is a story on Indian woman’s life. 25] Negarkar Kiran’s] Ravan and Eddie (2017)is a book on social and cultural issues. The title itself suggests the themes. I observed two heroes Kiran Nagaarkar’s acclaimed novel rocket out of the starting block of their lives. Ravan and Eddie is comic masterpiece about two larger and truer than life characters and their bawdy, Rabelaisian adventures in post colonial India. It is also a timeless journey of self discovery, a quest for meaning of guilt and responsibility sin and sex, crime and punishments. Nagarkar’s novel provides real impression of life and Hindu Christian relationship. This novel Ravan and Eddie exposes identity crisis of Ravan and Eddie at different levels. The protagonist Ravan is innocent but still he is blamed for his inaction. Nagarkar narrates colonial Portuguese history which co-exists with a short history of Hindi films. This novel reflects the real life and daily behavior of the people who lives in CWD chawl. Therefore Ravan and Eddie is realistic representation of Indian life and their minute characteristics depcted systematically in the novel. Thus it is an excellent piece of writing of Kiran Nagarkar. 26] ] Negarkar Kiran’s Seven Sixes Are Forty Three (2017) is in Marathi version. It is one of the best novel in its contents as well as best use of literary language. A remarkable aspect of the book is author’s portrait of India that is uncompromising in its realities. This novel is translated version of the Marathi novel Saat Sakham Trechalis by Subha Slee. The theme of the novel is Kya Farak Padatahai? Means how does it matter? It is the life story of a guy in seventies and quiet a messy life for that matter. This book was first published in 1974 but it was not appreciated in fact it was criticized badly, may that is why Kiran Nagarkar moved to write in English after this book. Kushank is a narrator and protagonist who is window to author’s vision Kushank’s reminiscence of childhood, of lost loves, of incidences that left their mark on their lives. He jumps back and forth in time sometimes, for narration to dreams, from addressing the reader to addressing what one must assume is a lady love without chronology or cohesion or without the skill. He is the witness of human experiences and sufferings. He felt himself aloof and alienated in his loneliness. He tries to console himself but no one try to understand him. The twist and turns in life made him absurd, shameless and hopeless. He died for no reason for being a good for nothing. Kushank represent problem of Indian youth torn between westernized norms and Indian cultural moorings. Thus it is one of the best books to read according to me. 27] Patil Umesh (April, 2017) in his research paper Moral Implications R. K. Narayan’s The Financial Expertshows Margayya’s plight from honesty to deceptive nature. Margayya, the protagonist of the novel finds out various ways to earn money. His moral fall is shown in the novel. He cheats poor farmers with various ideas. Narayan believes in Indian theory of Karma “what we sow as we reap” in this way Margayya starts a new life at the end of the novel. 28] Trupti Biswas and et.al (July, 2017) have published article on ‘Impact of Culture to Development of Personality with Special reference to Urban and Tribal Student of Chhattisgarh.’The paper presents Urban and tribal culture plays its decisive role in determining various aspects of Personality. 29] Patil Umesh( Dec 2017. ) also throws light on his research paper Marital Disharmony in R. K. Narayan’s The Guide that Indian woman has so many problems in India. Rosy the protagonist of novel deceives her husband Marco and marries Raju. Later on Raju deceives Rosy and they live isolated life. 30] ] Negarkar Kiran’s Cuckold (2018) is historical novel by Kiran Nagarkar. The author has set it in Mewar and Chittor. It is the historical narration of late fifteenth and early sixteenth century period. In fact it is a bulky novel which tells story of Maharaj Kumar who is Bhojraj is referred as Maharaj Kumar in the novel Cuckold. The novel is located in Rajasthan where RanaSanga is a Sisodia Rajput, Mewar is constantly at war with its neighbour’s, in this case Gujarat ruled by MuZaffar Shah II, Malwa was ruled by Muhammad Khilaji II and the Sultanate of Delhi was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi, towards the end of the novel. Central Asian upstart Babur makes an appearance. Nagarkar conveys to his reader a feel of that era. Rajput woman seem to have a fair amount of freedom and values were relatively liberal. A man accused by his young wife of impotence is ordered to prove his virility with prostitute. When Maharaj Kumar’s second wife Sugandha sleeps around and gets pregnant with someone else’s child it is treated as a bit of joke. It is always said this book is as a masterpiece. 31] PatilUmeshl( Feb, 2018)has also focused on the Basava’s egalitarian ideas in his article In Times Basava’s Ideas of Peace in GithaHariharan’sof Siege in which Hariharan has focused on the Indian mindset of fundamentalist who always protest against individual. Basava had an egalitarian ideas and he has tried that all human beings are equal. 32] PatilUmesh( Feb, 2019) in his paper Githa Hariharan’s When Dreams Travel: A Subaltern Studies writes about the colonial mindset that rich controls poor. Githahariharan’s Novel When Dreams Travel describes the situation of women in Arabian set up. Women have problems in life. Women are puppets in the hands of men. She also hopes that humanity and culture can develop relations which can form culture. The oppressed life of women is described by the novelist. 33] Babu A.V. Ramesh and Sreeramulu S. (April 2018) published ‘Social Realism’ in the novels of Kamala Markandeya with special reference to Nector in Sieve and possession of a Handfull rice. The researcher focused on social and cultural heritage and old tradition, customs as well. The novel exemplifies a moral ways of life has been in imbibed in this hurly-burly world. This is very fruitful and beneficial article for researcher to indicate social and cultural morals. 34] Patil U. G. and Gangurde Umesh( Jan, . 2019) have written a paper on “Kiran Nagarkar’s Keen Social Observation “In Seven Sixes Are Forty Three”, Ravan And Eddie And Cuckold”. They reflected great concerns for the condition of the people their sufferings, poverty,illness, starvation ,injustice ,alienation, violence and desperation etc. Nagarkar demonstrates the psychological analysis and suffering of female protagonists in an authentic manner. 35] Patil U.G. and Gangurde Umesh( Feb. 2019)wrote Kiran Nagarkar’s Post-Colonial works Ravan and Eddie Cuckold and Seven Sixes Are Forty Three He explores contemporary issues like exile, lost of faith fidelity honour and alienation Author has used combination of tragic and comic incidents in the novel Ravan’s Belief in his own extra-ordinary powers to do black magic. Nagarkar is most unpredictable writer in Post modern period. 36] Patil U.G. and Gangurde Umesh( Feb. 2019) on Predicament of Female Protagonists in Kiran Nagarkar’s Seven Sixes are Forty Three has observed an exposure the social feminine aspects of women protagonists their sufferings, poverty illness, starvation death, hopelessness, alienation depression, injustice violence. The article provides information about his preservation of Indian Culture throughout his novels. His novels serve as homage to Indian traditions, religious, style and issues. His books have great literary taste. The article focuses on Nagarkar’s range of values, studies of cultural milieus and fictional techniques in his novels. The article is very useful for his future study. The researcher will contribute his own ideas with the help of secondary sources available to him. The paper presents that Urban and tribal culture plays its decisive role in determining various aspects of Personality. 37] Patil U.G. and Gangurde Umesh (March. 2019) Research student in their fourth research paper Cuckold the Tale of Scaffolding of the Original Legend reveals a veritable meditation on the human condition It represents fine and rich sensibility and presents an engaging story on many levels. 38] Kiran Nagarkar’s (March. 2019) Keen Social Observation in Seven Sixes Are Forty Three they write that he discovers new facets and insight every time in his novel. Kiran Nagarkar in his interview in The Literary Herald talks about Indian masterpieces like Upnishadas, Vedas and Vatsayan’s Kamsutra. He speaks that Vatsyan sex is only ten percent observed in Indian life. He also exposes the various stages of human and watches it as absurd. He criticizes Indian idealism as hypocrisy. The above research papers and their opinions can help the researcher to interpret analyse and to criticize the work of Kiran Nagarkar as a social and cultural novelist. The modern woman is facing the same problems which traditional woman faced in past. Conclusion:. Kiran Nagarkar is a social and cultural novelist. The researcher is intended to study his select novels and want to focus on socio-cultural issues in his select novels. Indian society is caste and religion based society. Earlier, they were all regarded equal in social status and could take up any profession they liked. There was no restriction in the matter of eating food or marriage with members of other profession. But with the beginning of specializing in hereditary professions and coming with contact with indigenous people situations changed and the birth of people decided their caste. Hence the varna system was developed that time was an outcome of social and economical development. But as time passed it led the divisions of society. The critical review and literature review provides complete ideas of the past research and its importance which helps to understand the tradition of research. In fact it is providing and connecting this topic to both ends of research traditions. The above review of literature makes us to understand its importance.