Alaska Transportation
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DOT Statewide Research, Development, & Technology Transfer Local Technical Assistance Program “Improving Alaska’s quality of transportation through technology application, training, and information exchange.” Summer 2009 Volume 34, Number 2 AKDOT&PF Responds In this issue . to Eagle Disaster • Eagle Flooding by Shannon McCarthy • FMATS and UAF collaborate • Fines Preservation to Manage Gravel Runway Dust • Construction Management Certificate Partnership • Geotechnical Research Update • New Fairbanks International Airport Terminal Opens • Announcing Second Circumpolar Conference • Training and Meeting Calendar • Erosion Control Association Award From Bad to Worse in Less Than 20 Miles Tok District Superintendent Dennis Bishop thought that May AKDOT&PF maintenance and operations crews install DURA-BASE composite 7 was a busy day along the Taylor mats for use as a temporary road after Mission Road in Eagle was covered with Highway. It was bad. A late but ice and debris. sudden thaw was creating havoc along a nine-mile stretch known north to Eagle. The community Bishop should have packed his as American Summit, a 3,400-foot there was suffering serious toothbrush. After arriving in Eagle, mountain pass. About half of that damage after a dramatic ice jam he could see that the damage was stretch was particularly bad, the high and subsequent flooding dur- far worse than he anticipated. He temperatures were rapidly melting ing the first week of May. News stayed on scene for eight days, as- the nearby snowpack, and the re- from the Eagle Department of sessing damage, helping open areas sulting deluge was washing out the Transportation and Public Facilities cut off by the flood, and working ditches and eating into the road. (DOT&PF) maintenance station with Alaska’s Emergency Services After seeing the damage and said roads were clogged with ice interagency response team. working with the crews on the and debris. scene, Bishop pushed 17 miles (continued on page 2) Flooding at Eagle (continued from page 1) Spring 2009 presented unique challenges to Village site while floodwaters were backing up into the the Northern Region Maintenance and Operations city. Few thought it could get worse. On Tuesday, May Division. After a long, cold spring, temperatures 5th, the water began to rise…rapidly. Now 20 feet jumped in interior and northern Alaska for over eight above flood stage, the river easily pushed large chucks days, April 26 to May 3. With three days reaching of ice past the city’s retaining wall and into Eagle, almost 80 degrees, the rivers and snowpack were melt- scouring the landscape as they moved. The boulders ing at a record pace. Road damage from the sudden of ice pushed houses off their foundations. Fuel tanks melt occurred throughout the Northern Region from as were shoved over, powerlines torn down, and vehicles far south as Cordova and as far north as Nome. With were floating away. Then, late Wednesday night the 15 separate areas reporting severe damage, crews were water dropped, more quickly than it had risen. By busy and resources stretched thin. Thursday morning, the word was out—it was time to Ice jams can occur on any Alaska river, and when assess the damage and start rebuilding. they happen on the Yukon, it comes with a lot of hy- Superintendent Bishop was the first to arrive, join- draulic power behind that blockage. In other words, ing the two DOT&PF operators stationed at Eagle. you have a lot of water and it’s moving swiftly; if the Recognizing the magnitude of the situation, Bishop water can’t flow through the channels, it’s going to go conducted his first flyover to assess the damage from around it. Unfortunately, on May 4 Eagle was feel- the air, courtesy of the National Park Service. He ing the brunt of it. The ice was pushing into the Old quickly sent word to DOT&PF management that the Boulders of ice from the Yukon River, some larger than houses, encroach over the city's retaining wall, crushing homes and pushing others off foundations. The speed of the flooding from the ice jam gave residents little warning of the impending destruction and gave them little time to evacuate personal belongings. 2 A sea of ice covers Mission Road, making it impassable and nearly impossible to clear without weeks of work. situation would need additional resources. He also Mission Road was covered with boulders of ice sent word to the crew working on the Taylor Highway and debris. It was so bad that DOT&PF personnel that they would be needed up in Eagle as soon as their couldn’t identify normal roadway landmarks—at its work was done. deepest, the ice field was 30 feet deep and at its wid- However, one of the first items to address was the est over 300 yards wide. To make matters worse, what Taylor Highway. DOT&PF needed to maintain a good had been shoved by the ice and flooding included transportation link to in order to bring in relief. Taylor houses, propane tanks, and other items hidden in the Highway crews led by John Burns kept up their work ice. Without landmarks, it was impossible to identify on the flood-damaged stretch of the Taylor. DOT&PF the exact location of the traditional village cemetery, also immediately lifted weight restrictions to allow re- located alongside Mission Road. Opening Mission sponders to get heavy vehicles up the road to Eagle. Road would have to wait until the ice melted because Another problem that needed to be immediately ad- of the risk of further damage to items trapped in the dressed was opening Mission Road, a 1.6-mile road abandoned ice and the potential to damage a culturally connecting Eagle City with the Old Village. People sensitive site along the roadway. living in the Old Village were safe, having set up a While the state’s emergency services response team tent city on high ground to escape the waters, but they was now assembled, communication on the ground were essentially cut off, without water, electricity, remained difficult. There were no working phone lines communications, or refrigeration. They needed road into the Old Village, but some information was going access and fast. Bishop recognized what other re- back and forth on a rough and already deteriorating sponders saw too—the recovery effort was going to be four-wheeler trail. severely hampered by what the river left behind: ice Jim Fehrenbacher, DOT&PF’s Northern and lots of it. Some chunks were as big as tractor-trail- Region Maintenance and Operations manager, and ers, some as big as houses. And debris—few things Superintendent Bishop conducted a flyover of Mission had stayed in place during the flood, and if they did, the ice had literally scoured them. (continued on next page) 3 Road on Sunday May 10 to see what options were ceived word that a plane was coming in with a state available to reconnect the Old Village to Eagle. What official who needed a tour of the damaged area and a they saw was a survey line; a straight shot from the briefing on the state’s response. Nothing was known airport to the Old Village that was clear of the devas- about who was on the plane, but Bishop showed up tation. Using Google Earth to confirm what they saw at the airport just the same, ready to share informa- from the air, they used plat maps to determine the tion and network for resources. Imagine his surprise surrounding land ownership, which turned out to be a when Governor Sarah Palin walked onto the runway. portion of the state’s airport and Alaska Department The visit was positive, both for the responders and the of Natural Resources (DNR) land. Working closely residents—the state’s full resources were behind the with DNR, they had permission to go forward with a recovery. Spirits were high in Eagle. bypass road. But address- By May 13, the ing the use of the airport Taylor Highway was land proved more compli- repaired and all avail- cated; the Federal Aviation able operators in the Administration (FAA) Tok District were has strict safety require- working in Eagle. The ments. Working closely Eagle emergency re- with the FAA, Bishop and sponse included eight Fehrenbacher were able to DOT&PF operators, design the road outside of two private operators the airport’s safety areas in charge of the rented and were given permission equipment, and three to move forward. brush cutters from Now that DOT&PF Tanana Chiefs. They had a route to focus on, were all dealing with the next hurdle was the immediate needs— surface itself—the ground removing obstacles was vegetated and saturat- from the roads, restor- ed. Borrowing a technol- ing ditches whenever ogy widely used by North possible, and removing Slope oil companies, the jumbled-up nests DOT&PF Maintenance of branches, trunks, and Operations ordered and roots that choke portable tundra mats. The roadways after a flood. technology, developed in Great Northwest con- Fairbanks, allows com- tinued to improve the panies to create temporary roads over sensitive envi- temporary bypass road with their crew, upgrading the ronments. The mats are large but portable, made of a wettest areas, widening the road where needed, and strong composite material, and they interlock to create creating turnouts. a roadway. From bad to worse in less than twenty miles had DOT&PF Construction Project Engineer Artem come from awful to OK in less than two weeks. After Ruppert supervised the contractor placing the mats, dealing with the damage on the Taylor and the Eagle Great Northwest, Inc. In all, 625 mats were placed for flooding for eight days without a trip back home, the main road and 1,200 feet of gravel laid for the ac- Superintendent Bishop took a deserved break.