Your Guide to Recognizing Various Forms of Plagiarism and Gaining Insights from Technology

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2019-04-18 Your guide to recognizing various forms of plagiarism and gaining insights from technology

Singleton, Paige; Ricksen, Mark

Singleton, P., & Ricksen, M. (2019). Your guide to recognizing various forms of plagiarism and gaining insights from technology. 1-34. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110294 other https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Unless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Your Guide to Recognizing Various Forms of Plagiarism and Gaining Insights from Technology

Paige Singleton Mark Ricksen Turnitin Change Management Consultant Principal Product Manager Professional and Education Services Group Authorship Investigate and iThenticate [email protected] [email protected] Academic Integrity Having the courage to uphold honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness and trustworthiness even when it is diﬃcult to do so. ~ International Center for Academic Integrity

Data insights to the right people at the right time

Educate Remediate Adjudicate

Year 1 Module assessment & progress Final assessment

Identify students that need further education, remediation or work Indicators and evidence to help that needs to be escalated for investigation judge whether academic misconduct has occurred IS IT THEIR OWN WORDS?

FORMATIVE FEEDBACK

GRADING & ASSESSMENT

Grademark

IS IT THEIR OWN WORK? Feedback Studio Feedback Studio: Is it in their words? ● View similarities to the world’s largest collection of internet, academic, and student paper content. View Content ● Provide feedback to encourage original writing using drag-and-drop, voice, and text comments. ● Create a common language for student success with institution-wide analytics, rubrics, and private repositories. Gradescope Academic Integrity in Computer science ● Release assignment with instructions ● Collect students’ code (from one line to folders with hundreds of ﬁles) ● Manually provide feedback & score (optional) ● Automation (optional) ● Determine if there are any academic integrity issues

iThenticate Protecting institutional and researcher reputations by making sure that the Publish with manuscripts that are Conﬁdence Academic Gov / Corporate / accepted and published are Institutions NGO free from the damage plagiarism brings.

Connecting Evaluating documents in a researchers to the Publishers scalable and systematic way publishing process so making it easy to they can publish with incorporate plagiarism conﬁdence. checking into every organization. Authorship Investigate Types of Plagiarism Copy & Paste (2005) Collusion (2007) Contract Cheating (2015+)

Ease of detection Severity of penalty 1st year, 1st assignment Final assignment, final year

Is it in their own words? Is it their own work? What is Contract Cheating?

“Contract cheating describes the process through which students can have original work produced for them, which they can then submit as if this were their own work. Often this involves the payment of a fee and this can be facilitated using online auction sites. Thomas Lancaster, Robert Clarke (2006) http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/contract-cheating/

Thomas Lancaster Website Research topic ideas

MyMaster Cheating Scandal How did this impact your university? How would you have dealt with this situation? https://www.smh.com.au/education/students-enlist-mymaster-website-to-write-essays-assignmen ts-20141110-11k0xg.html Sophisticated marketing/advertising How big a problem is contract cheating? Contract cheating is likely under reported. [1] How many students would admit to it in a survey or even answer a survey in the first place? 1,000+ websites selling essays, all around the world

https://cheatingandassessment.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2017-infographic.pdf [1] Newton, PM. (2018). How common is commercial Contract Cheating in Higher Education? Frontiers in Education Essay writing is a big business

Australia, Canada, US, and UK

Domestic INTL Papers/ Contract Cheaters1 Contracted Papers Students Students Students2 Year Revenue DOM INTL Total DOM Total INTL Total DOM INTL DOM INTL Total (3%) (5.5%)

2016/17 24,852,410 2,221,078 745,572 122,159 867,731 1.6 1.6 1,192,915 195,454 1,388,369 $252,683,815

Our estimate for essay writing business in Australia, Canada, US, and UK is ~$253 million dollars in annual revenue.

1Curtis GJ, Vardanega L. Is plagiarism changing over time? A 10-year time-lag study with three points of measurement. High Educ Res Dev 2016;35:1167–1179. 2Curtis, G.J. and Clare, J. (2017) How Prevalent is Contract Cheating and to What Extent are Students Repeat Offenders? Journal of Academic Ethics, 15 (2). pp. 115-124. The challenge of contract cheating

Source: Turnitin. (2017). The Challenge of Contract Cheating. Retrieved from https://go.turnitin.com/auth-inv-infographic on January 31, 2018 Repeat Offenders

“I’ve completed entire semesters, academic years, or courses of study for individual students across periods as long as two and three years.”

- David Tomar, former ghostwriter

https://thebestschools.org/resources/detecting-deterring-ghostwritten-papers-best-practices/ AMA with an essay writing company

https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/3orpjv/i_run_a_company_that_has_helped_hundreds_of/ The challenge of gathering evidence

https://cached.imagescaler.hbpl.co.uk/resize/scaleWidth/815/cached.offlinehbpl.hbpl.co.uk/news/SUC/24-2017010407302028.jpg Most cases reported by a whistleblower

https://cached.imagescaler.hbpl.co.uk/resize/scaleWidth/815/cached.offlinehbpl.hbpl.co.uk/news/SUC/24-2017010407302028.jpg Document properties Interview student about the work Contract cheating sites Authorship Investigate

Build your Spend less time gathering Conﬁrm your investigation with the facts suspicions focus

Enrich your case with Advance your case with Apply your expertise expertise conﬁdence Authorship Investigate in the workflow

Suspicion

Instructor marks student work and notices Formal hearing something suspicious Escalation and penalty Formal hearing Instructor escalates committee determines suspicion to Investigator outcome and (AIO, Course Coordinator, sanction/penalty Dean)

Hearing Authorship scheduled Investigate

Investigator would Investigator uses schedule a formal Authorship Investigation to hearing to judge the case gather additional evidence on the suspicious work Interview

Interview student if signiﬁcant evidence, otherwise closes case How do we partner together to solve the problem? Awareness Technology Deterrence Student Support Holistic Policy Professional Approach Development Development Detection Investigation Adjudication CHEATING AND ASSESSMENT DESIGN

Contract Cheating and Assessment Design

Contract cheating: a survey of Australian university students

Contract cheating: a survey of Australian university staﬀ

https://cheatingandassessment.edu.au/ Academic Integrity Having the courage to uphold honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness and trustworthiness even when it is diﬃcult to do so. ~ International Center for Academic Integrity

34 Fundamental© 2019 ValuesTurnitin, LLC. of All Academicrights reserved. Integrity CLOSING THOUGHTS “Faculty and students who display courage in the pursuit of integrity not only become role models but also increase standards for learning and scholarship. Community is thus forged and becomes a key source for building habits of civility for a lifetime.”

~Pat Drinan, Founding Member, ICAI