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AJST) Science and Engineering Series Vol
African Journal of Science and Technology (AJST) Science and Engineering Series Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 80-89 ISOTOPE AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE WATERS IN THE SEMI-ARID SOKOTO BASIN, NIGERIA S.M.A. Adelana1, P.I. Olasehinde1 and P.Vrbka2 1Department of Geology & Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. 2Kaupstrasse 37, Germany (formerly Geology Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany). ABSTRACT:- Stable isotopes and geochemical studies have been applied in the investigation of groundwater resources in Sokoto Basin, northwestern Nigeria. Generally, the characteristic hydrochemical classification in the study area is calcium-alkali-bicarbonate. Surface waters are characterized by alkali-calcium-bicarbonate while groundwater is of Ca-Mg-HCO3. The plot of δ18O versus δ2H shows that five isotopic groups can be distinguished. Group I-III is of groundwater origin while group IV and V represent surface water. A combination of the hydrochemical and isotope data (14C, 13C and 3H) reveals the Sokoto basin aquifers generally contains good quality groundwater of Holocene age (100 to 10,000 years BP). Keywords: stable isotopes, geochemical characterization, groundwater, Sokoto Basin. INTRODUCTION condition by one kilometre yearly into northern Nigeria threatens agriculture. It is in the light of this that the Northwestern Nigeria is a region with great potential for Federal government of Nigeria under a joint project with future large-scale economic development due to warm the International Atomic and Energy Agency, Vienna has temperatures and bountiful resources; including thermal planned a number of irrigation schemes in order to energy, farmlands and minerals. Water resources data in increase agricultural activities in the area to two planting this area, as far back as the 60s, are available in literature seasons, thereby boosting food production. -
Oblique Rifting of the Equatorial Atlantic: Why There Is No Saharan Atlantic Ocean
Originally published as: Heine, C., Brune, S. (2014 online): Oblique rifting of the Equatorial Atlantic: Why there is no Saharan Atlantic Ocean. – Geology 10.1130/G35082.1. Oblique rifting of the Equatorial Atlantic: Why there is no Saharan Atlantic Ocean 1 2,1 Christian Heine , Sascha Brune 1 EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 2 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 2.5, Geodynamic Modelling, Potsdam, Germany ABSTRACT Rifting between large continental plates results in either continental breakup and the formation of conjugate passive margins or rift abandonment and a set of aborted rift basins. The driving mechanisms behind “successful” or “failed” rifting have so far never been scrutinized by joint kinematic and forward numerical modelling. We analyse the Early Cretaceous extension between Africa and South America which was preceded by about 20-30 Myrs of extensive rifting prior to the final separation between the two plates. While the South and Atlantic conjugate margins continued into seafloor spreading mode, forming the Atlantic ocean basin, Cretaceous-aged African intraplate rifts eventually “failed” soon after South America broke up from Africa. We address the spatio-temporal dynamics of rifting in domains by comparing a new plate kinematic model for the South Atlantic and 3D forward rift models. This joint approach elucidates (1) the dynamic competition of Atlantic and extensional systems, (2) two stage kinematics of the South Atlantic rift system, and (3) the acceleration of the South American plate prior to final break-up. We suggest that obliquity the success of the Equatorial Atlantic rift, ultimately prohibiting the formation of a “Saharan Atlantic Ocean” in the Early Cretaceous, and exerting a primary control on the increase in observed extensional velocities between the South American and African plates. -
Towards Interactive Global Paleogeographic Maps, New Reconstructions at 60, 40 and 20 Ma
Earth-Science Reviews 214 (2021) 103508 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Towards interactive global paleogeographic maps, new reconstructions at 60, 40 and 20 Ma F. Poblete a,b,*, G. Dupont-Nivet a,c, A. Licht d, D.J.J. van Hinsbergen e, P. Roperch a, M. G. Mihalynuk f, S.T. Johnston g, F. Guillocheau a, G. Baby a, F. Fluteau h, C. Robin a, T.J. M. van der Linden e,i, D. Ruiz c, M.L.J. Baatsen j a G´eosciences Rennes, UMR CNRS 6118, Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France b Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matematicas,´ Universidad de Chile, Chile c Universitat¨ Potsdam, Institute of Geoscience, 14476 Potsdam, Germany d Centre Europ´een de Recherche et d’Enseignement des G´eosciences de l’Environnement (Cerege), UMR CNRS 7330, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France e Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands f British Columbia Geological Survey, Vancouver, Canada g Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada h Universit´e de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France i Thomas van der Linden – LinGeo, Berlin, Germany j IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584CC Utrecht, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Paleogeographic maps are essential tools for understanding Earth system dynamics. They provide boundary Paleogeographic maps conditions for climate and geodynamic modelling, for analysing surface processes and biotic interactions. Paleoelevation However, the temporal and spatial distribution of key features such as seaways and mountain belts that govern Cenozoic climate changes and biotic interchange differ between various paleogeographies that require regular updates Eocene-Oligocene transition with new data and models. -
Ijsrp-P8828.Pdf
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2019 183 ISSN 2250-3153 Late Maastrichtian to Paleocene sediments of part of Southwestern Iullemmenden Basin, Rabah Sheet 11, Sokoto State, Northwestern, Nigeria. Sulaiman, Sulaiman Abba1*, Mohammed Rilwan2 1 Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2 Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.04.2019.p8828 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.04.2019.p8828 Abstract- The stratigraphy and sedimentary structures of the area central region of Niger. The term Iullemmenden Basin was first around Gidan Marafa and environs of Late Maastrichtian to proposed by Raider (1957) to describe the sedimentary basin Paleocene in SW Iullemmeden Basin Nigeria. Detailed field work which extends from Mali to western boundary of the Republic of was carried out on a scale of 1:25,000 and two groups were Niger and Northwestern Nigeria into eastern Niger. The encountered. However, three Formations was studied as follows Iullemmenden Basin is a Cratonic Basin created by tectonic starting from younger to older; (2) Rima Group; only Wurno epiorogenic movement within carbonic rocks (Betrand-Safarti, Formation was found at the top of this group and are made up of 1977). Faure (1966), suggested that the emergence of plate friable, yellow-golden brown fine to medium grained sandstones tectonic theory and seafloor spreading to explain the origin of which intercalates with carboniferous mudstones. This Formation Iullemmeden Basin which was affected by series of marine is separated above with Dukanmaje Formation by bone bed with transgressions during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary age distinct boundary, (1) Sokoto Group; two Formations were respectively. -
NARG Newsletter June 2016V3
12 Newsletter June 2016 Fieldwork Conferences New Start PhDs Updates on field studies. Presentations made at Nawwar Al-Sinawi joined Extensive logging and EAGE, IAS, AAPG, in April, to work on sampling of sections in PESG/HGS Africa diagenesis of Jurassic. the Agadir and Tarfaya Conference. Publication New Provenance PhD to start in Sept. Basins update. North Africa Research Group Integrated regional studies focussed New papers on on the North Atlantic margin Illizi Basin 11 PhDs, supported by leading academic staff at Manchester, TuDelft and collaborating institutions • NARG continues to expand the North Cretaceous clastics and extending the Atlantic study, with 11 PhDs in 2016 Jurassic study to include the working on integrated projects along the diagenesis, a key factor in Moroccan margin. determining reservoir • We are refining the biostratigraphy of the characterisation. Early Cretaceous and Jurassic to develop • The Cenomanian-Turonian source type sections and paleoenvironmental rock study aims to better understand models. controls on TOC richness comparing • Seismic and well data supplied by ONHYM Atlantic margin and Tethyan realms. allows extension offshore with the aim of • Research has been presented at developing a fully integrated source to recent conferences at the EAGE, IAS sink study. This includes modelling the and AAPG. English, K.L., Redfern, J., Bertotti, G., English, J., and Yahi Cherif, R., 2016, complex salt tectonics and evaluating the • We continue to strengthen our Intraplate uplift: new constraints on the evolution of the Cretaceous basins. capability, building links with Luc Hoggar dome from the Illizi basin (Algeria): • New PhD projects will commence this Bulot at Marseille and now involving Basin Research, p. -
The Sokoto Basin (Nigerian Sector of the Iullemmeden Basin)
Chapter 6 The Sokoto Basin (Nigerian Sector of the Iullemmeden Basin) The Iullemmeden Basin in north-western Nigeria is known locally as the “Sokoto Basin”. It consists predominantly of a gently undulating plain with an average ele- vation varying from 250 to 400 m above sea-level. This plain is occasionally inter- rupted by low mesas. A low escarpment, known as the “Dange Scarp” is the most prominent feature in the basin and it is closely related to the geology. The sediments of the Iullemmeden Basin were accumulated during four main phases of deposition. Overlying the Pre-Cambrian Basement unconformably, the Illo and Gundumi Formations, made up of grits and clays, constitute the Pre- Maastrichtian “Continental Intercalaire” of West Africa. They are overlain uncon- formably by the Maastrichtian Rima Group, consisting of mudstones and friable sandstones (Taloka and Wurno Formations), separated by the fossiliferous, shelly Dukamaje Formation. The Dange and Gamba Formations (mainly shales) separated by the calcareous Kalambaina Formation constitute the Paleocene Sokoto Group. The overlying continental Gwandu Formation forms the Post-Paleocene Continental Terminal. These sediments dip gently and thicken gradually towards the northwest, with a maximum thickness of over 1,200 m near the frontier with Niger Repub- lic. The geological map of the Sokoto Basin of northwestern Nigeria is shown on Fig. 6.1 while Fig. 6.2 summarizes the geological sequence in the basin. Pre-Maastrichtian Deposits (The Continental Intercalaire) In the Sokoto Basin, the pre-Maastrichtian sediments are of fluviatile and lacustrine origin. They belong to the Illo and Gundumi Formations which extend northwards into Niger Republic. -
Stratigraphy of Chad and Iullemmeden Basins (West Africa)
Stratigraphy of Chad and Iullemmeden basins (West Africa) Autor(en): Petters, Sunday W. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 74 (1981) Heft 1 PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-165095 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch 11 figures geol. Helv. Vol. 74/1 Pages 139-159 Basic. March 1981 Eclogae in ihe text Stratigraphy of Chad and Iullemmeden basins (West Africa) By Sunday W. Petters1) ABSTRACT The origin of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic intracratonic basins in West Africa is related to the geodynam- ic processes of plate tectonics and seafloor spreading. -
Overview of Lullemmeden Basin for Co2 Sequestration Potential in North-Western Nigeria
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2014 ISSN 2277-8616 Overview Of Lullemmeden Basin For Co2 Sequestration Potential In North-Western Nigeria I. Yusuf, N.G Obaje, B.Jibrin, M.T Tsepav, H.M Liman Abstract: Sedimentary basins are suitable to a different degree for CO2 geological sequestration as a result of various intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. This paper screened and ranked the Iullemmeden Basin of Nigeria sector based on Bachu (2003) ranking and screening criteria; evaluating factors such as tectonic setting, basin size and depth, geology, hydrogeology, hydrocarbon potentials, climate, geothermal, existing resources k and industry maturity in respect to these criterion. The results shows to rank the Basin to have R score value of 0.41 against the fi, n = max (fi) value equal to 1 as highest value of the function characterize the best in terms of suitability for the criterion in which this ranking are based upon. The paper also reveals as findings of some intrinsic characteristics such as; poor intercalated geologic formation, shallow aquifer systems within sedimentary pile in the basin which make the basin not suitable CO2 sequestration and when other parameters in future are favoured; it would possess the risk of CO2 leakages and groundwater contaminations in the geological storage media. Regional screening and ranking of the adjoining basins are recommended, while detailed local site characterisation of the basin is needed to assess its overall suitability for CO2 sequestration -
Kinematics of the South Atlantic Rift
Manuscript prepared for Solid Earth with version 4.2 of the LATEX class copernicus.cls. Date: 18 June 2013 Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift Christian Heine1,3, Jasper Zoethout2, and R. Dietmar Muller¨ 1 1EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, Madsen Buildg. F09, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 2Global New Ventures, Statoil ASA, Forus, Stavanger, Norway 3formerly with GET GME TSG, Statoil ASA, Oslo, Norway Abstract. The South Atlantic rift basin evolved as branch of 35 lantic domain, resulting in both progressively increasing ex- a large Jurassic-Cretaceous intraplate rift zone between the tensional velocities as well as a significant rotation of the African and South American plates during the final breakup extension direction to NE–SW. From base Aptian onwards of western Gondwana. While the relative motions between diachronous lithospheric breakup occurred along the central 5 South America and Africa for post-breakup times are well South Atlantic rift, first in the Sergipe-Alagoas/Rio Muni resolved, many issues pertaining to the fit reconstruction and 40 margin segment in the northernmost South Atlantic. Fi- particular the relation between kinematics and lithosphere nal breakup between South America and Africa occurred in dynamics during pre-breakup remain unclear in currently the conjugate Santos–Benguela margin segment at around published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated 113 Ma and in the Equatorial Atlantic domain between the 10 data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised Ghanaian Ridge and the Piau´ı-Ceara´ margin at 103 Ma. We plate kinematic model for the pre-breakup evolution of the 45 conclude that such a multi-velocity, multi-directional rift his- South Atlantic. -
When Rising Temperatures Don't Lead to Rising Tempers
WHEN RISING TEMPERATURES DON’T LEAD TO RISING TEMPERS CLIMATE AND INSECURITY IN NIGER Aoife McCullough, Leigh Mayhew and Sarah Opitz-Stapleton, with Agali Abouka and Djibrilla Mohamed Botto Working paper ABOUT THE AUTHORS Agali Abouka is a researcher based in Agadez, Niger. He was formerly a people smuggler. Alongside, his research, he works to support the return of migrants from Europe, Libya and Algeria. Agali also manages an IT shop and a construction company. Djibrilla Mohamed Botto is a masters student in Food Security and Nutrition at Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey, Niger. His area of specialisation is the socio-economic impacts of irregular flooding in Niger. He holds a BSc in sociology. He is originally from Iferouane, Agadez Department. Leigh Mayhew is a Research Assistant within ODI’s Risk and Resilience programme. His research focuses on climate security, and the complex and contested links between changes in the climate, and conditions of peace, conflict and security. Aoife McCullough is a PhD candidate at the London School of Economics focusing on state legitimacy and securitisation in Niger. Aoife was formerly a Research Fellow with the Politics and Governance team at ODI. Aoife has carried out extensive research in Niger, including on radicalisation, voter engagement and poverty escapes. Dr Sarah Opitz-Stapleton is a Research Associate in the Risk and Resilience programme. She works at the intersection of climate services, social vulnerability and risk analysis for climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction programmes in Asia and Latin America. Sarah has a PhD in Environmental Studies and MS in Hydrology Civil Engineering. -
Intraplate Uplift: New Constraints on the Hoggar Dome from the Illizi Basin (Algeria)
The University of Manchester Research Intraplate uplift: new constraints on the Hoggar dome from the Illizi basin (Algeria) DOI: 10.1111/bre.12182 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): English, K., Redfern, J., Bertotti, G., English, J. M., & Yahia Cherif, R. (2016). Intraplate uplift: new constraints on the Hoggar dome from the Illizi basin (Algeria). Basin Research, 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12182 Published in: Basin Research Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:11. Oct. 2021 Page 1 of 41 Basin Research 1 2 3 4 1 Cenozoic uplift of the Hoggar Region, North Africa: constraints from its 5 6 2 northern flank (Illizi basin, Algeria) 7 8 9 3 Kara L. English 10 4 Petroceltic International Plc, 5th Floor, 3 Grand Canal Plaza, Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 11 12 5 4, Ireland. -
Archives of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology
Archives of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology Ozumba MB, et al. Arch Pet Environ Biotechnol 2017: APEB-124. Review Article DOI: 10.29011/2574-7614. 100124 Attributes of Potential Hydrocarbon Reservoir Sandstones in the Soko- to Sector of the Iullemmeden Basin: An Outcrop Analogue Study Maduka Bertram Ozumba1*, Kevin Ikechukwu Chima1, Cornelius Sunday Nwajide2, Umaru Zaki Farouk3, Abdul Rahman Umar3 1Department of Geology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria 2Geoscan Technical Services Ltd, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria 3Usman Danfodiya University, Sokoto, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Bertram Maduka Ozumba, Department of Geology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Tel: +2348136576861; Email: [email protected] Citation: Ozumba MB, Chima KI, Nwajide CS, Farouk UZ, Umar AR (2017) Attributes of Potential Hydrocarbon Reservoir Sand- stones in the Sokoto Sector of the Iullemmeden Basin: An Outcrop Analogue Study. Arch Pet Environ Biotechnol 2017: APEB-124. DOI: 10.29011/ 2574-7614. 100124 Received Date: 17 December, 2017; Accepted Date: 22 December, 2017; Published Date: 28 December, 2017 Abstract The Sokoto area of Nigeria is the southeastern margin of the very extensive (ca. 1 million km2) Iullemmeden Basin - an intracratonic depression in the Precambrian Basement Complex. The basin fill succession consists of the Late Jurassic conti- nental facies and Cretaceous marine deposits topped by Mid-Paleogene continental facies. Impressive outcrops had spurred the search for petroleum in early colonial time but the poor showing of the earliest boreholes discouraged the efforts. This study is, therefore, aimed at providing more information on one of the prerequisite attributes- reservoir characteristics using outcrop- ping analogues for assessing the lithostratigraphic units that bear the potential reservoirs.