ANNUAL REPORT 2018

Bringing understanding of aquatic issues impacting its member communities by harmonizing the strengths of Mi‘gmaq knowledge with Western scientific approaches.

GMRC.CA ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Our Staff

John Vicaire Craig Isaac Executive Director Aquatic Research Technician John has been working at the For the past 12 years, Craig Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource has been working as an aquatic Council since the organization research technician with was formed in 2006. He has GMRC, working across several lived most of his life in Listuguj different projects and with and currently resides there different species in the river with his wife and two children. systems. Another important John’s educational background task Craig undertakes is includes Social Services, conducting Mi’gmaq Ecological Business Administration and Knowledge (MEK) in our he is currently working on an member communities. “I really Executive Master Business (EMBA). John has a passion enjoy being on the water, that is why I enjoy this job so for photography, hunting and the Mi’gmaq language. much. My whole family has all worked with fisheries, “What I love about working at GMRC is the amazing team there is always that connection to the water.” Craig we have and also being able to conduct research using maintains a strong connection to his culture and is a Two-Eyed Seeing, developed by Dr. Albert Marshall.” grass dancer. He enjoys sharing his knowledge of grass dancing and can be found on the powwow trail with his daughter during the summer months.

Brenda Martin Jessica Gideon Financial Administrator Aquatic Research Technician Brenda Martin is from Eel River Jessica graduated from Saint Bar First Nation. She started Mary’s University with a working in finance at the Bachelor of Science and moved Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource back to Listuguj when she Council in 2009. As the joined the GMRC team as an financial administrator, Brenda Aquatic Research Technician. is responsible for day to day She is a team player and offers financial entry and monitoring, her knowledge, experience and payroll, budget preparation assistance to other members and balancing expenses in our of the GMRC staff. She is keen projects. Prior to working at on learning new skills and has GMRC, Brenda was employed with the Eel River Bar band most recently completed a course in unmanned aerial for over 30 years as the financial administrator. Brenda flying (UAV). Jessica is the proud mother to her boy and is a member of the Horizon Health Network board, she girl twins. sits on the Order of Advisory Council, and the steering committee for New Brunswick Climate Change.

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Board of Directors Everett Martin Darcy Gray David Peter-Paul Chief, Eel River Bar Chief, Listuguj Chief, Pabineau T. (506) 684.5277 T. (418) 788-2136 T. (506) 548-9211 F. (506) 684-6282 F. (418) 788-2058 F. (506) 548-9849

Lloyd Arsenault Dr. Carole-Anne Gillis Project Assistant Research Director Lloyd Arsenault is a carpenter Dr. Gillis brings her passion by trade, but has quickly and expertise in researching grew into his role as project aquatic species and habitats assistant. Lloyd is a hard to the GMRC team. She grew worker and stays focused on his up along the shores of the task. He graduated from NBCC and believes in 2017, and also has some it has inspired her career university experience. Lloyd path. Carole-Anne describes enjoys being physically active her passion to specialize and challenging himself both in science as being, “to be physically and mentally. He useful to my community and describes himself as, “an eager learner, curious about watershed.” Carole-Anne has been actively working in many things, such as the work I am currently a part of. I our membership communities since 2014. She feels a normally work with people, and consider myself a team sense of fulfillment in working at GMRC. player. I am easy to get a long, and open to learning new things from my peers. Personally, I am always Charlene LaBillois looking forward to new opportunities that may present Communications Officer themselves, and also hope to learn as I go through the Charlene brings a wealth process.” of experience to her role as GMRC’s communication officer. After graduating from Pascale Gosselin NBCC Woodstock’s journalism GIS Technician program, Charlene began Pascale joined the GMRC team in working at CBC TV and Radio 2016 as the GIS technician. She as a reporter. She was the graduated from Laval University Yellowknife correspondent with a Bachelor of Science in at the Aboriginal Peoples Geography, and a Master of Television Network (APTN), Science in Physical Geography and also worked at CTV Atlantic as a reporter. During with a major in permafrost and her career, she has worked at the Mi’gmawei Mawiomi hydrology. Between the years of Secretariat (MMS), the North Shore Micmac District 2009 to 2013, Pascale worked Council’s AAROM, and Eel River Bar First Nation before with the Inuit community of joining the dynamic team at GMRC. She believes her Pangnirtung, Nunavut studying role at GMRC is the perfect fit, because she can combine permafrost. She has knowledge her passion for photography along with her knowledge working with ArcGIS, Air of working as a communication officer and her love photographic interpretation, of the river and bay. Charlene can be found outdoors GPS and has a strong ability to communicate science throughout the year enjoying nature with her three orally and in writing. She is excited to bring her dogs. She recently became a proud foster mother to two knowledge and expertise and work with Eel River Bar, boys. Listuguj and Pabineau. Pascale is from Matane and is the proud mother to a daughter and newborn son. GMRC.CA • 3 ANNUAL REPORT 2018

“We believe in a holistic approach to research and natural resource EXECUTIVE management.“ JOHN MURVIN VICAIRE DIRECTOR‘S Executive Director NOTES As a learning organization we feel it’s important to provide strive towards increasing that value. opportunities for staff to engage in continuous learning and We also began working with the ERB habitat team in improvement. In 2018 the organization continued building providing assistance with different activities. A pilot capacity in research, mapping, habitat restoration, and project was established to repopulate eelgrass beds in the personal development. The staff participated in training Eel River estuary. Eelgrass in the estuary provides habitat that covered: river management, advanced drone ground for fish, filters the water, fosters biodiversity, and prevents school, GNSS (global navigation satellite system, first aid & erosion (among other things). The recovery of the eelgrass cpr, graphics design, facilitation skills, conflict resolution, beds are an important step in restoring the estuary to its ESRI story maps, pathways to coping, and eDNA training. former health.

We believe in a holistic approach to research and natural The organization was active in its communication activities resource management. Using the principles of Two-Eyed in 2018. A website refresh brought an updated look and feel Seeing, developed by Dr. Albert Marshall and Murdena to the GMRC website. The new site is optimized for mobile Marshall, we can ensure that we approach issues through a screens and will provide a better platform for delivering unique lens. By merging the latest technology and applied content. The website will host two new key communication research methods with Indigenous ways of knowing, we products that have been developed: GMRC Story Maps and can provide unique solutions to common issues. the Salmon Life Cycle game. The story maps, 3 in total, provide knowledge and insight on: Atlantic salmon biology, The Fish Friends program continues to be successful Mi’gmaq relationship with salmon, and Mi’gmaw territory. in providing knowledge and understanding of wild The salmon life cycle game was developed in partnership Atlantic salmon in the elementary schools of our member with First Mobile Education based in Fredericton. The communities. In 2018 students from Alaqsite’w Gitpu, salmon game, (available in Mi’gmaq, English, and French) Mi’gmaq Immersion (Listuguj Education), L.E.R (Dalhousie), teaches users various aspects of Atlantic salmon biology as and Terry Fox Elementary (Bathurst) came together to well as on Mi’gmaw relationships with salmon. release salmon fry back into the Eel River. Our goal with the program is to enrich students with information about In closing, we look forward to 2019 and all the opportunities the salmon as well as to inspire students to further pursue the year presents. We look forward to training and personal studies in salmon-related fields. development, we look forward to building capacity and acquiring equipment, and we look forward to providing There was an increase in collaboration between GMRC more value to our member communities. and field technicians in its member communities through research and training services. In 2018, GMRC worked closely with the LMG scientific team on its activities and also provided staff to assist with lobster research. It is a goal of GMRC to provide value to its member communities and we are happy, not only to continue doing that, but to

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The aim of this project was ATLAS Project to engage and inspire our communities through an Focuses on interactive platform. Story Maps

The Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council (GMRC) created three interactive story maps highlighting our traditional territory and our relationship with salmon. The maps were constructed using Esri Story Maps software and intertwines a two-eyed seeing approach. Two-eyed seeing shares views from the indigenous perspective along with western science.

The aim of this project was to engage and inspire our communities through an interactive platform. Using narrative, text, images and multimedia content, we shared meaningful stories about our community with story maps. Feedback from community members and various community departments shaped the stories being told in this ATLAS project.

The first map launched is titled “Plamu: Atlantic Salmon Ecology and Research”. This map guides the viewer through the life cycle, migration route, and provides information on the salmon research being conducted by GMRC and Listuguj Fisheries. As we explore the second story map called “Plamu: Salmon and the Listuguj Mi’gmaq”, it examines our unique relationship with this keystone species.

The roll out of the third story map on the “Mi’gmaq Territory”, introduces the audience to the traditional territory of the Mi’gmaq people. This unceeded territory encompasses Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, the Gaspé Peninsula and parts of Québec, New Brunswick (north of the St. John watershed), parts of Newfoundland and Labrador and, part of Maine.

These story maps were launched once a week on our social media platform and website. The story map on salmon was also used in our local schools as part of our Fostering Fish Friends program. GMRC received positive feedback from our membership about these well thought out and thoroughly researched topics. It also enabled our organization to harness the power of maps and geography to tell our story.

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Addressing the issue of low Atlantic Using Scotty Boxes salmon populations in local rivers. in Vacant Rivers To address the issue of low Atlantic salmon populations in local rivers, the Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council Following electrofishing, four sites on the Cyr Brook and (GMRC) partnered together with Listuguj Fisheries, the North Branch Gounamitz River were selected based Department of Energy and Resource Development, on the absence of salmon which will give the new eggs a Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Restigouche better chance of survival. Eyed (fertilized) eggs are placed River Watershed Management Council Inc. (RRWMC), in each cell with a “window” or small hole. As they grow, Management of Salmon on the Restigouche and Tributaries their yolk sacs are absorbed, and the fry are then able to (MSRT), and Boston Brook Lodge to collect broodstock swim out of the windows and into the natural environment from the Little Main Restigouche River, providing eggs of the river. Over a few days, 18 scotty boxes were placed that will be placed further up river in vacant habitats. streamside, totalling almost 18,000 eggs.

In October, four female and four male salmon were seined Finally, to assess survival rates, the GMRC and Listuguj from the river and transported to the fish hatchery in Fisheries returned to Cyr Brook and North Branch Kedgwick. Here, the harvested salmon were monitored Gounamitz River in June to determine the success of the and once ready to spawn, the eggs get slowly pushed from scotty boxes. By assessing those eggs/fish left in the cells, the belly in a downward movement, releasing the eggs into the teams were able to conclude there was an average a bowl. The procedure is also done to the male salmon, 48% survival rate in these areas. The number may seem and its sperm (milt) is mixed together with the eggs and a low, however, survival rates in the wild are estimated to little water, for fertilization. Typically, 1000 eggs can be be between 10 and 24%, with only two salmon potentially harvested per kilogram from each female salmon. returning as adults from 5000 eggs.

The eggs are then transferred into stream-side incubation Based upon the results, other areas of the watershed cases called scotty boxes, units that have five floors with will be examined for future sites of the scotty boxes. 200 cells on each floor (holding a total of 1000 eggs), Electrofishing will be conducted on the to and are anchored in locations determined to be vacant identify vacant habitats. To increase survival rates, scotty habitats. Vacant habitats are determined through the use boxes will be placed within deeper areas, mid channel, to of electrofishing-a water shocking technique that allows reduce the trapped siltation, which may have contributed us to assess fish species presence in the river. to the incurred mortality.

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“Our main goal is to identify the Acoustic Monitoring areas where high mortality rates are occurring, to help us identify to Track Smolt and the specific threats to these at-sea Kelt Migration salmon.“ The Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council (GMRC) has been partnering with the Atlantic Salmon Federation (ASF) and the Restigouche River Watershed Management Council (RRWMC) to conduct acoustic monitoring in the Restigouche River since 2013. Acoustic receivers and uniquely numbered acoustic tags implanted in salmon will allow us to track migration routes and timing.

Following the ice-run in early May, acoustic receivers were installed throughout the Restigouche River, beginning at Larry’s Gulch, Indian House, two at Mann’s Mountain, Listuguj, and near Eel River Bar.

Two different life stages of Atlantic salmon were targeted this year: kelts and smolts. Before the kelts, overwintering (black) salmon, make their way down river to recondition in the bay, they are collected along the Matapedia River, and implanted with acoustic tags. Smolts are collected 30 additional receivers spanning from Gesgepegiag (QC) through the use of a rotary screw trap on the Kedgwick to Grande-Anse (NB). These receivers are known as the, River and are surgically inserted with a tag, before being “ Receiver Line”. released back into the river. The weight, length and sex of the all tagged salmon are recorded. Conducting acoustic monitoring allows researchers to analyze their behavioural patterns and survival rates of As the kelts and smolts migrate out of the river system, smolts and kelts. Our main goal is to identify the areas the receivers record each tagged fish as they swim by. where high mortality rates are occurring, to help us As they continue to migrate eastwards, they swim pass identify the specific threats to these at-sea salmon.

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This research project combined Aboriginal Funds For Western science with Mi’gmaq Species At Risk Ecological Knowledge (MEK), better During the fall of 2018, the Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq known as Two-Eyed Seeing. Resource Council (GMRC) conducted research to determine if Atlantic salmon were rearing and using lakes in the Matapedia Watershed. The project called “Gathering Observations of Species Patterns to Enhance Mi’gmaq Ecological Knowledge (GOSPEM)” was designed to document the presence of three species in lakes: Atlantic salmon, American eel and Gaspereau. This research project combined Western science with Mi’gmaq Ecological Knowledge (MEK), better known as Two-Eyed Seeing.

Samples were collected from both rivers and lakes to get baseline data to determine if salmon were eating in the river or in lake environments. Stable isotopes are a powerful tool to reconstruct food webs and infer prey reliance. Carbon isotopes help infer prey type and source whereas nitrogen isotopes help infer trophic level. Comparisons are analyzed between Atlantic salmon smolt isotopic ratios to lake and river samples.

Baseline prey data began with a collection of benthic macroinvertebrates using a D-net. The bug samples were collected from the Humqui, Causapscal and Matapedia rivers. The bug samples were sorted into family groups, then they were cooked in an oven at 60 degrees Celsius for a period of 24 to 28 hours. Once the bug samples were dried and grinded into a fine, even powder, they were sent to the stable isotopes laboratory (SINLAB) at the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, NB.

Zooplankton was also collected from several lakes in the Matapedia watershed. Zooplankton are small microscopic organisms found in rivers, lakes and oceans. Dr. Carole- Anne Gillis collected these samples in the fall, before the lake turnover. The samples were collected by towing a small mesh net across the lake at different points of interest. The samples were bottled and then frozen shortly after the collection process, before being sent off to the stable isotopes lab.

The research continued with the study of Atlantic Salmon smolts. 120 samples of their muscle tissue were prepared for stable isotope studies. The samples were collected from the rotary screw trap located on the Matapedia River between 2015 and 2017.

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An educational tool aimed at teaching youth about the biology of salmon, cultural relationships, and the threats facing salmon.

GMRC Launching Atlantic Salmon Cycle Game The Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council (GMRC) the Northern Hemisphere.” The Atlantic Salmon Cycle launched an interactive game featuring the life cycle game will allow us to engage youth internationally and of the Atlantic Salmon in an educational format. The will be made available on our website at www.gmrc.ca. “Atlantic Salmon Cycle” game is an educational tool aimed at teaching youth about the biology of salmon, The Atlantic Salmon Cycle game is a trilingual game cultural relationships, and the threats facing salmon. We created in French, English and Mi’gmaq. Having the wanted to increase awareness of the human impact on game in the Mi’gmaw language was important to our salmon throughout their journey. organization because our language is critical to who we are and how we The GMRC partnered with Ingenium interpret the natural environment. (Canada’s Museums of Science and The game is also being launched as Technology), the Gulf Region of the the United Nations (UN) also declared Canadian Department of Fisheries 2019 as the International Year of and Oceans, and the First Nations Indigenous Languages. Education Directorate of New Brunswick (EECD) to develop this According to the UN nearly 40% of educational and outreach tool. The the 6,700 languages are in danger of game was created by First Mobile disappearing and a large percentage of Education and inspired by the “Our these are Indigenous languages. The First Catch” book. “Our First Catch” was designed and UN recently stated, “and yet, they are not only leaders in illustrated by Listuguj community member, Brandon protecting the environment, but their languages represent Mitchell. We wanted to create a platform to connect kids complex systems of knowledge and communication and with the mediums they are using. should be recognized as a strategic national resource for development, peace building and reconciliation.” The Atlantic Salmon Cycle game will be launched during the International Year of the Salmon in 2019. The North The Mi’gmaq people have a strong cultural connection to Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO) salmon and we want to engage our youth to ensure this declared 2019 as the International Year of the Salmon species and their habitats are conserved, restored, and as an “initiative to inform and stimulate outreach and respected so salmon will be around for future generations. research that aspires to establish the conditions necessary to ensure the resilience of salmon and people throughout

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The day community members from Listuguj, Eel River Bar and Pabineau GMRC Hosts Plamu gathered together to celebrate GMRC’s Feast in Eel River Bar annual Plamu Feast. As the sun rose over the Bay of Chaleur, Elder Glenda Wysote-LaBillois conducted a sunrise ceremony along the shores of the Eel River to honor the summer solstice, June 21st. The Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council (GMRC) staff, community members and guests joined together to pay respect to the life of Atlantic salmon. It was an important way to start the day, as it was also the day community members from Listuguj, Eel River Bar and Pabineau gathered together to celebrate GMRC’s annual Plamu Feast.

The Plamu Feast was held at the Aboriginal Heritage Garden in Eel River Bar. The building was active with over 100 community members from our member communities united together by the feast. The smell of salmon filled the building and the sounds of laughter echoed throughout the room. GMRC’s Executive Director, John Murvin Vicaire, welcomed everyone to the event and in his opening remarks spoke of our important relationship with salmon historically and how it continues today.

We would like to take this time to thank everyone for coming to celebrate the annual Plamu Feast. Thank you to Sobeys for donating the cakes for the feast. Thank you to the Aboriginal Heritage Garden crew, the Aquatic and Habitat Recovery team and Linda Simonson for volunteering your time to help us. We would also like to recognize and give great appreciation to our fishers who continue to donate to the feast each year, and make this event possible.

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During the past year, our organization has Strengthening been busy hosting information sessions with our membership communities of Communications Listuguj, Eel River Bar and Pabineau. Keeping our membership informed is a priority for the Gespe’gewaq Mi’gmaq Resource Council (GMRC). During the past year, our organization has been busy hosting information sessions in Listuguj, Eel River Bar and Pabineau which provides us with a great opportunity to strengthen relationships with our membership. We get to share information with those, and listen to the valuable feedback community members share with us.

Throughout the year we have been using social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter to share information with you. We have also launched our new website at www.gmrc.ca. You are invited to browse through our newly launched website to learn about all the exciting research being conducted at GMRC. Access our site and you can view the articles, pictures, videos and story maps that highlight the interesting work we do here at GMRC.

Working as the communication officer at GMRC during the past year has been an incredible experience. I enjoyed being out on the field and learning about the research cleanups in Listuguj and Eel River Bar to prevent any being conducted on the watershed and the about the debris from entering the Restigouche River and Bay of species within our waters. This job helps create a stronger Chaleur. We would like to thank the volunteers for taking connection between me and the environment we live in. I the time to participate in the shoreline cleanups. also enjoy it because of the relationships I build with the people from Pabineau, Listuguj, and Eel River Bar. We have also been collecting household batteries for the “Call 2 Recycle” program. During the last year we have We have also been building stronger relationships with collected over 6 large boxes of batteries, keeping those other organizations. During the summer of 2018 we batteries out of the landfills. A big thank you goes out partnered together with Anquotum, an AAROM based to all of you who have collected your old batteries and in Miramichi, to host a science camps for the youth of brought them to us for recycling. Our office is continuing Pabineau and Eel River Bar. We have also hosted science to collect batteries, and we are aiming to collect even camps for the youth in Listuguj. GMRC organized shoreline more batteries than we did last year.

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Throughout the estuary, a total of Pilot Project 42 sites where replanted with the Launched to eelgrass/shell pairing. Restore Eelgrass in Eel River Bar Eel grass is an important aquatic species in our coastal ecosystems in Eastern Canada, however, it has been on a decline due to a number of factors. GMRC launched a pilot project in the fall of 2018, in Eel River Bar, to restore the eel grass populations within the Eel River estuary.

Eel grass is an aquatic vegetation with long, green blades of sea grass that grows in estuaries and shallow bays. Eel grass is home to a variety of fish species and invertebrates, and it also helps to improve the water quality by filtering and trapping sediment, pollutants and nutrients. through a hole drilled in the center of a clam shell. The Declines in the eelgrass population have been attributed clamshells were used to anchor the eelgrass blades into to increasing water temperatures, excess nutrients, the sediment, at a 45-degree angle, allowing the grass to lack of oxygen, sedimentation and invasive species. One re-root. notable invasive species is the green crab, as they dig up the roots and cut off the blades of grass, effectively killing Throughout the estuary, a total of 42 sites were replanted the plant. The green crab has not been detected in our with the eelgrass/shell pairing. GMRC staff documented area, but its presence has been confirmed just south of these locations with pictures and recorded the GPS Shippagan. coordinates of each location to assess in following years which areas were successful with regrowth. Before the GMRC began work to restore the eel grass population in the Eel River estuary, the staff received The methodologies being used in this pilot project are training to ensure this project, the eel grass harvesting being used around the world and have shown to been and planting, were successful. After acquiring the new successful. GMRC will monitor the sites were the eel grass skill set, the team collected live, but floating, eel grass was planted in the fall of 2019 to determine if the pilot shoots along the shoreline and used these to thread project was a success.

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GMRC staff visit the schools and Fish Friends present information on the life cycle Seven years ago, GMRC launched the Fish Friends program to educate youth about the life cycle of Atlantic of the salmon, threats facing Atlantic salmon and threats facing the species. This year, students salmon, and promote ways they can from the Alaqsitew Gitpu, L.E. Reinsbourough, Terry Fox Elementary and the Mi’gmaq Immersion program in be good stewards for the salmon. Listuguj cared for eyed-eggs in classroom aquariums, for a two-month period. River rocks and fresh water created a habitat for the eyed-eggs and the water temperature When the salmon alevins have absorbed their yolk, they was regulated using a chiller, during the course of the are now considered to be parr and it is time to return program. the salmon into their natal river, the river Each year, broodstock their parent fish came are collected from from. Last year, all different rivers. Eggs the students gathered and sperm are collected along the Eel River in from these fish in late Eel River Crossing to October. Initially called participate in a “Release green eggs, they only Day”, which began with become “eyed eggs” welcoming remarks once they are fertilized and a traditional water with the milt collected ceremony. After the from male salmon. ceremony, the students released their salmon Approximately 300 from glass jars into the eyed eggs are cared for river, a bittersweet in each aquarium. The moment for the children. eggs are monitored by degree-days and as GMRC would like to they hatch, they are thank volunteer Roland called alevin, and are Lavallee for helping characterized by yolk ensure the Fish Friends sacks attached to their program is a success. He bodies that will be used plays a big role in helping as their energy source to engage the youth with during growth. Once the his excitement for the yolk sacks are absorbed, program and helping to the students will begin instill the importance feeding them dried of caring for salmon. A seafood pellets before big thank you goes out they are released. to the teachers from each of the schools, who GMRC staff visit the care for the eyed eggs schools and present throughout the program. information on the life We would also like to thank our sponsor, cycle of the salmon, threats facing Atlantic the New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund for salmon, and promote ways they can be good financially contributing to this program. We stewards for the salmon. They also talk to would also like to thank Eel River Crossing for the youth about the cultural connection and hosting us in their community during the Fish importance the salmon have to the Mi’gmaq Friends Release. people.

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ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 Marshall Way, Listuguj, Qc Tel: 418-788-3017 Fax: 418-788-3192 [email protected] GMRC.CA