DOCSLIB.ORG

Low Interfacial Thermal Resistance Between Crossed Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanothreads

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Low Interfacial Thermal Resistance Between Crossed Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanothreads This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Zhan, Haifei, Zhang, Gang, Zhuang, Xiaoying, Timon, Rabczuk, & Gu, Yuantong (2020) Low interfacial thermal resistance between crossed ultra-thin carbon nan- othreads. Carbon, 165, pp. 216-224. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201860/ c 2020 Elsevier Ltd This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] License: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.065 Low Interfacial Thermal Resistance Between Crossed Ultra-thin Carbon Nanothreads Haifei Zhan1,2, Gang Zhang3,*, Xiaoying Zhuang4, Rabczuk Timon5, and Yuantong Gu1,2,** 1School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia 2Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia 3Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore 4Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, 30157 Hannover, Germany 5Institute of Structural Mech. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Marienstraße 15, 99423 Weimar, Germany Abstract To ensure reliable performance and lifetime of electronics, effective and efficient heat removal is essential, which relies heavily on the high thermal conductivity of the packaging substrates and thermal interface materials (TIMs). Highly conductive fillers have been commonly applied to enhance the thermal conductivity of TIMs, while the enhancement effect has been significantly impeded by the interfacial thermal resistance. This work reveals that the new type of ultra-thin carbon nanomaterial – carbon nanothreads, possess a much smaller interfacial thermal resistance (3.1±0.4´10-9 Km2/W) between each other compared with that of the (4,0) carbon nanotubes (8.8±4.6´10-9 Km2/W). Similar as found for carbon nanotubes, the interfacial thermal resistance decreases when the interfacial crossing angle decreases or the contact area increases. Surprisingly, both compressive and stretching interfacial distance are found to enhance the interfacial thermal conductance. It is found that different carbon nanothreads exhibit an interfacial thermal conductance between 60 and 110 pW/K, which can be remarkably enhanced by introducing interfacial cross-linkers. Combining with the ultra-thin nature of carbon nanothreads, our work suggests that carbon nanothreads can be an excellent alternative nanofillers for polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity. Keywords: carbon nanothread, kapitza resistance, density of states, carbon nanotube, molecular dynamics simulation *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Gang Zhang) **Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Yuantong Gu) 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has continuously minimized the electronic devices/systems, which drastically increases their power density and results in significant heat generation [1]. To ensure reliable performance and lifetime, effective and efficient heat removal is desired, which relies heavily on the high thermal conductivity of the packaging substrates and thermal interface materials (TIMs) [2-4]. Polymer composite is one of the common TIMs in the electronic packing industry, which have received extensive interests from both scientific and engineering communities [5, 6]. They also have broad applications as underfill materials, organic substrate materials, and in flexible electronic devices. The intrinsic thermal conductivity of polymer is very low about 0.2-0.5 Wm-1K-1, due to the strong inherent phonon scattering between chain ends, entanglements and impurities [7]. In this regard, extensive works have been devoted to promote the heat transfer in polymer composites by adding different types fillers with high thermal conductivity. Owing to their high thermal conductivity, carbon-based nanomaterials are one type of the frequently used thermally conductive fillers for polymer composites, such as one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube or nanowire [8-10], two-dimensional (2D) graphene, and three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures like carbon foams. For instance, CNTs are shown with a thermal conductivity as high as ~ 3,000-3,500 W/mK at room temperature [11, 12]. It is believed that to enable an efficient heat transfer while not deteriorating other properties (such as mechanical and electrical insulation characteristics) of the polymer, a percolation network is desired, within which the nanofillers are interconnected with each other. However, studies shown that even at high loading fillers well above the geometric percolation – only a minor enhancement in the overall thermal conductivity is observed for the composite system, which is well below the prediction based on the rule of mixture [13]. For illustration, most of the reported polymer composites with CNT fillers are still well below 5 W/mK [7]. In theory, many factors can constrain the enhancement from the CNT, such as the thermal resistance at the CNT/CNT and CNT/matrix interfaces, the dispersion and alignment of CNTs, and the geometrical parameters of CNTs (e.g., size and shape) [14]. Among these factors, the thermal resistance at the filler/filler and filler/matrix interfaces are the two main constraints that restrict effective heat transfer [15]. Different strategies have been proposed to enhance the heat transfer at the CNT/CNT interface or contacts that is influenced by several factors, including the CNT diameter, aspect ratio, 2 deformation, number of walls, external force, and others [16-22]. The most effective way is to introduce covalent bonds to the interface, which however will remarkably suppress the intrinsic thermal conductivity of CNTs. Recently, a new class of one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanostructure – carbon nanothread, has been reported [23-25], which provides a novel thermally conductive filler for polymer nanocomposites. Unlike the sp2 bonding in CNT, carbon nanothreads have an ultra-thin sp3-bonded carbon structure with a fully hydrogenated surface. Their hydrogenated surface allows for the introduction of covalent bonds between carbon nanothreads, or the attachment of functional groups to the nanothreads, while retaining the threadlike morphology and their excellent mechanical properties [26]. According to our previous work, the nanothread-based bundles exhibit an order of magnitude higher interfacial shear strength than CNT bundles due to the irregular surface-induced stick-slip motion [27], and they also show a good load transfer efficiency with the polymer matrix they are embedded in [28]. Apart from that, preliminary studies have shown that carbon nanothreads possess a tailorable thermal conductivity [8, 29]. Combining its intriguing features (including ultrathin diameter, good thermal conductivity, hydrogenated surface, and high interfacial load transfer efficient), it is expected that the carbon nanothreads can be a new filler for polymer composites with a high mechanical and thermal transport performance. To this end, this work assesses the thermal resistance at the interface of two carbon nanothreads mimicking the nanothread junctions or percolated nanothread networks in the polymer composites. Our results establish for the first time a comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer at the nanothread junction with varying parameters (such as nanothread types, crossing angle, inter-thread distance, interface linkers), which will pave the way for its application in polymer nanocomposites. Methods Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were employed to acquire the thermal resistance between carbon nanothreads at 300 K. Such simulation scheme has been widely utilized to investigate the thermal conductivity of CNTs or interfacial thermal resistance between CNTs [30, 31], which show good agreement with the experimental measurements [32, 33]. The model was configurated by two carbon nanothreads that cross over each other, which was firstly optimized by the conjugate gradient minimization method and then equilibrated using Nosé- 3 Hoover thermostat [34, 35] for 400 ps. During the energy minimization, both nanothreads were not constrained. While, both two ends of the two nanothreads were fixed during the relaxation process and thermal transport simulation. The temperatures of the heat source (320 K) and sink (280 K) were controlled by the Langevin thermostat [36], with a temperature difference of 40 K. The system was firstly simulated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vibration Control of Diamond Nanothreads by Lattice Defect Introduction for Application in Nanomechanical Sensors
    nanomaterials Article Vibration Control of Diamond Nanothreads by Lattice Defect Introduction for Application in Nanomechanical Sensors Xiao-Wen Lei 1,* , Kazuki Bando 1 and Jin-Xing Shi 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; [email protected] 2 Department of Production Systems Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Nu 1-3 Shicyomachi, Komatsu 923-8511, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-776-27-8544 Abstract: Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (GSs), have been adopted as resonators in vibration-based nanomechanical sensors because of their extremely high stiffness and small size. Diamond nanothreads (DNTs) are a new class of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Their structures are similar to that of diamond in that they possess sp3-bonds formed by a covalent interaction between multiple benzene molecules. In this study, we focus on investigating the mechanical properties and vibration behaviors of DNTs with and without lattice defects and examine the influence of density and configuration of lattice defects on the two them in detail, using the molecular dynamics method and a continuum mechanics approach. We find that Young’s modulus and the natural frequency can be controlled by alternating the density of the lattice defects. Furthermore, we investigate and explore the use of DNTs as resonators in nanosensors. It is shown that applying an additional extremely small Citation: Lei, X.-W.; Bando, K.; mass or strain to all types of DNTs significantly changes their resonance frequencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Dissertation Xiang Li 07032018.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Chemistry MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF CARBON AND CARBON NITRIDE NANOTHREAD SINGLE CRYSTALS A Dissertation in Chemistry by Xiang Li 2018 Xiang Li Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 The dissertation of Xiang Li was reviewed and approved* by the following: John V. Badding Professor of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Vincent H. Crespi Professor of Physics, Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemistry Paul S. Cremer Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mauricio Terrones Professor of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Thomas E. Mallouk Professor of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Physics, and Engineering Science and Mechanics Head of the Department of Chemistry *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene have been widely studied in recent decades. Benefitting from their unique bonding, they possess extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Compared with sp2 hybridized carbon allotropes, there are significantly fewer new carbon materials dominated by sp3 bonding that have been developed. Adamantane and graphane represent the smallest unit and thinnest sheet of diamond possible, respectively. One-dimensional, mostly sp3 hybridized nanocarbon, did not yet exist in 2013, when the first synthesis of carbon nanothreads finally filled up the last remaining entry in the matrix of dimensionality and hybridization of carbon nanomaterials that year. Carbon nanothread was first made by compressing benzene to ~25 GPa in a large-volume anvil cell and slowly decompressing back to ambient pressure by an alumnus of the Badding group.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University the Eberly College of Science
    The Pennsylvania State University The Eberly College of Science Department of Chemistry SYNTHESIS OF CARBON MATERIALS VIA THE COLD COMPRESSION OF AROMATIC MOLECULES AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES A Dissertation in Chemistry by Thomas C. Fitzgibbons 2014 Thomas C. Fitzgibbons Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2014 ii The dissertation of Thomas C. Fitzgibbons was reviewed and approved* by the following: John V. Badding Professor of Chemistry Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Ayusman Sen Distinguished Professor of Chemistry A. Welford Castleman, Jr Evan Pugh Professor of Chemistry and Physics William B. White Professor Emeritus of Geosciences Barbara J. Garrison Shapiro Professor of Chemistry Head of the Department of Chemistry *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Carbon’s ability for catenation makes it a remarkable element and allows for many interesting and surprising properties and structures. Carbon can exist in one of its two thermodynamically stable bulk crystals, graphite or diamond, one of its several nanostructures: fullerene, nanotube, or graphene, or as an amorphous material with a mixed bonding pattern. Carbon also has an ability to bond heteroatoms such as hydrogen which can increase its properties and structures even further. Pressure has been shown to be able to drastically change the bonding in and structure of carbon based materials. In this dissertation I will present how pressure can be used to synthesize new amorphous hydrogenated carbons and how a battery of analytical techniques can be used to elicit the microstructure of the carbon networks. This microstructure can then be related back to the reaction conditions and more importantly the starting small molecule.
    [Show full text]
  • ICCM 2019 Conference Handbooksingapore
    4168 ICCM 2019 ICCM2019 Singapore Conference Handbook CONFERENCE HANDBOOK 10th International Conference on Computational Methods DR. FANGSEN CUI CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR Singapore Association for Computational Mechanics, Singapore PROFESSOR GUI-RONG LIU HONORARY CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN University of Cincinnati, USA July 9-13 2019 Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre, Singapore ICCM 2019 CONFERENCE SITE Floor Plan of Level 4 Designation of Rooms Allocated for ICCM 2019 Event. Room A Room B Room C Room D Room E Room F Room G Rooms 4612, 4613, 4712 Room Room Room Room Room Rooms 4211, 4212, and 4713 4411 4412 4511 4512 4611 4311, 4312 2 1. WELCOME MESSAGE Dear Colleagues and Friends On behalf of the organising committees, we are delighted to welcome you to the 10th Conference on Computational Methods (ICCM2019) at Singapore. The ICCM conference series is an international conference that provides an international forum for exchange of ideas on recent advances in areas related to computational methods, including computational mechanics, numerical modelling & simulation of manmade or natural systems, as well as their applications in engineering and sciences. It will accommodate presentations on a wide range of topics to facilitate inter- disciplinary exchange of ideas in science, engineering and related disciplines, and foster various types of academic collaborations in the internationally. All papers accepted for publication in the proceedings have been peer reviewed. Papers may also be selected and invited to be developed into a full journal paper for publication in special issues of some peer-reviewed journals. The ICCM (International Conference on Computational Methods) conference series were originated in Singapore in 2004 by Professor GR Liu, followed by ICCM2007 at Hiroshima, Japan, ICCM2010 at Zhangjiajie, China, ICCM2012 at Gold Coast, Australia, ICCM2014 at Cambridge, England, ICCM2015 at Auckland, New Zealand, ICCM2016 at Berkeley, CA, USA, ICCM2017 at Guilin, Guangxi, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Structures and Strain-Tunable Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanothreads
    Hybrid Structures and Strain-Tunable Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanothreads Weikang Wu,y Bo Tai,y Shan Guan,∗,z,y Shengyuan A. Yang,∗,y and Gang Zhang∗,{ yResearch Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore zBeijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. {Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] arXiv:1803.04694v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 13 Mar 2018 1 Abstract The newly synthesized ultrathin carbon nanothreads have drawn great attention from the carbon community. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic properties of carbon nanothreads under the influence of two important factors: the Stone-Wales (SW) type defect and the lattice strain. The SW defect is intrinsic to the polymer-I structure of the nanothreads and is a building block for the general hybrid structures. We find that the bandgap of the nanothreads can be tuned by the concentration of SW defects in a wide range of 3:92 ∼ 4:82 eV, interpolating between the bandgaps of sp3-(3,0) structure and the polymer-I structure. Under strain, the bandgaps of all the structures, including the hybrid ones, show a nonmonotonic variation: the bandgap first increases with strain, then drops at large strain above 10%. The gap size can be effectively tuned by strain in a wide range (> 0:5 eV). Interestingly, for sp3-(3,0) structure, a switch of band ordering occurs under strain at the valence band maximum, and for the polymer-I structure, an indirect-to-direct-bandgap transition occurs at about 8% strain.
    [Show full text]
  • High Density Mechanical Energy Storage with Carbon Nanothread Bundle ✉ ✉ Haifei Zhan 1,2, Gang Zhang3 , John M
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15807-7 OPEN High density mechanical energy storage with carbon nanothread bundle ✉ ✉ Haifei Zhan 1,2, Gang Zhang3 , John M. Bell4, Vincent B. C. Tan5 & Yuantong Gu 1,2 The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanofibers bring promise for energy-related applications. Through in silico studies and continuum elasticity theory, here we show that the ultra-thin carbon nanothreads-based bundles exhibit a high mechanical energy storage fi 1234567890():,; density. Speci cally, the gravimetric energy density is found to decrease with the number of filaments, with torsion and tension as the two dominant contributors. Due to the coupled stresses, the nanothread bundle experiences fracture before reaching the elastic limit of any individual deformation mode. Our results show that nanothread bundles have similar mechanical energy storage capacity compared to (10,10) carbon nanotube bundles, but possess their own advantages. For instance, the structure of the nanothread allows us to realize the full mechanical energy storage potential of its bundle structure through pure tension, with a gravimetric energy density of up to 1.76 MJ kg−1, which makes them appealing alternative building blocks for energy storage devices. 1 School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. 2 Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QLD), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. 3 Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore. 4 University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia. 5 Deparment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 11576, Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Nitride Nanothread Crystals Derived from Pyridine † ‡ ‡ § ∥ ⊥ ‡ # ¶ † ‡ Xiang Li, , Tao Wang, , Pu Duan, Maria Baldini, Haw-Tyng Huang, , Bo Chen, Stephen J
    Communication Cite This: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 4969−4972 pubs.acs.org/JACS Carbon Nitride Nanothread Crystals Derived from Pyridine † ‡ ‡ § ∥ ⊥ ‡ # ¶ † ‡ Xiang Li, , Tao Wang, , Pu Duan, Maria Baldini, Haw-Tyng Huang, , Bo Chen, Stephen J. Juhl, , † ‡ † ‡ § # ∥ ¶ ‡ # Daniel Koeplinger, , Vincent H. Crespi, , , , Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, Roald Hoffmann, Nasim Alem, , ⊗ † † ‡ § # Malcolm Guthrie, Xin Zhang, and John V. Badding*, , , , † Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States ‡ Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States § Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States ∥ Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States ⊥ Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States # Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States ¶ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States ⊗ European Spallation Source, ESS ERIC, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden *S Supporting Information and product structures for topochemical reactions11 severely ABSTRACT: Carbon nanothreads are a new one-dimen- constrains the number of suitable monomers; freedom from 3 sional sp carbon nanomaterial. They assemble into this requirement could allow for chemical design through solid- hexagonal crystals in a room temperature, nontopochem- state organic synthesis of crystalline extended networks from ical solid-state reaction induced by slow compression of new types of monomers. benzene to 23 GPa. Here we show that pyridine also reacts Here we show that slow compression and decompression of 3 under compression to form a well-ordered sp product: polycrystalline pyridine allows for the formation of single- C5NH5 carbon nitride nanothreads.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Structure and Bonding of Carbon Nanothreads Probed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Stephen J
    Subscriber access provided by Caltech Library Article Local Structure and Bonding of Carbon Nanothreads Probed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Stephen J. Juhl, Tao Wang, Brian Vermilyea, Xiang Li, Vincent H. Crespi, John V. Badding, and Nasim Alem J. Am. Chem. Soc., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13405 • Publication Date (Web): 05 Apr 2019 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on April 8, 2019 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
    [Show full text]
  • APS SCIENCE 2017 August 2018 2018 August APS SCIENCE 2017
    APS SCIENCE 2017 August 2018 Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne, IL 60439 USA www.anl.gov • www.aps.anl.gov APS RESEARCHSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING HIGHLIGHTS FROM2017 THE ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY ANL-18/14 ISSN 1931-5007 August 2018 ANL-18/14 Argonne National Laboratory ANL-18/14 • SSN 1931-5007 • August 2018 The Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. About Argonne National Laboratory Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Laboratory’s main facility is outside Chicago, at 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439. For information about Argonne and its pioneering science and technology programs, see www.anl.gov. DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Online Access: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via DOE's SciTech Connect (http://www.osti.gov/scitech/) Reports not in digital format may be purchased by the public from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS): U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Rd Alexandra, VA 22312 www.ntis.gov Phone: (800) 553-NTIS (6847) or (703) 605-6000 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Email: [email protected] Reports not in digital format are available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI): U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Nanotubes: Exploring Intrinsic Medicinal Activities and Biomedical Applications
    Open Access Journal of Oncology and Medicine DOI: 10.32474/OAJOM.2019.03.000152 ISSN: 2638-5945 Short Communocation Carbon Nanotubes: Exploring Intrinsic Medicinal Activities and Biomedical Applications Surya Prakash Gautam1*, Bhupinder Kaur2 and Tapsya Gautam1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India 2Baba Isher Singh College of Pharmacy, India *Corresponding author: Surya Prakash Gautam, Department of Pharmaceutics, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India Received: June 18, 2019 Published: June 21, 2019 Introduction nanotubes) has thus bloomed over the past decade [4,5]. Increasing Carbon Nano materials the king of nonmaterial’s have fascinating evidence has shown that certain CNT properties such as nano-sized nanofamily including buckyballs or buckminsterfullerenes [1], dimension, high surface energy, and large reactive surface area are multiwalled carbon nanotubes [2], the single-walled carbon directly correlated to their biological activities [6,7]. Great property naotubes(SWCNTs) [3], Carbon Nanohorns(CNHs), Carbon of loading various biomolecules, diagnostic and therapeutic Buckypaper, carbon dots, nanodimons, nanoonions, nanorods, nanocones, Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanothread, nanoribbons. Also called as powerful particles, CNTs (carbon moieties resulting in diversified biomedical applications of CNTs (Figure 1). Figure 1: Intrinsic Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT). Copyright © All rights are reserved by Surya Prakash Gautam. 230 Open Acc J Oncol Med Volume 3 - Issue 1 Copyrights @ Surya Prakash Gautam, et al. I. Diagonsis and Imaging: CNT act as biosensor or Neurons can grow successfully on CNT beds, and modifying the Nanorobots, which helps in diagnosis of disease, their progression surface with 4-hydroxyonoenal, known to be involved with neuron level and their pathological condition in quick and better way.
    [Show full text]
  • Efrc: Energy Frontier Research in Extreme Environments (Efree) Updated: August 2016
    Energy Frontier Research Centers EFRC: ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (EFREE) UPDATED: AUGUST 2016 AWARDS: $15.0M (August 2009 – July 2014); $10.0M (August 2014 – July 2018) WEBSITES: http://science.energy.gov/bes/efrc/centers/efree/; https://efree.carnegiescience.edu TEAM: Carnegie Institution (Lead): Russell Hemley (Director), Timothy Strobel, Stephen Gramsch, Reinhard Boehler, Maria Baldini; California Institute of Technology: Brent Fultz; Colorado School of Mines: P. Craig Taylor, Lakshmi Krishna; Cornell University: Roald Hoffmann, Neil Ashcroft; George Washington University: Tianshu Li, Russell Hemley; Lehigh University: Kai Landskron; Pennsylvania State University: John Badding, Vincent Crespi, Nasim Alem; University of Tennessee: Konstantin Lokshin SCIENTIFIC MISSION AND APPROACH The mission of EFree is to accelerate the discovery and synthesis of new energy materials using extreme conditions. While most materials are created at or near ambient conditions, exploiting extreme environments, notably high pressures and temperatures, has tremendous potential for manipulating matter to synthesize next-generation materials with transformative impacts on energy. Moreover, extreme environments are capable of producing materials with unprecedented mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. The Center's research projects are organized around three Energy Focus Areas: 1) Advanced Structural Materials: Use of extreme environments to develop tailored synthetic routes for the discovery, characterization, and preparation
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Transports of One-Dimensional Ultrathin Carbon Structures
    Thermal transports of one-dimensional ultrathin carbon structures Jing Xue1,2, Yuee Xie1,2*, Qing Peng3 and Yuanping Chen1,2* 1School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China 2 Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China 3Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. Abstract Carbon atomic chain, linear benzene polymers, and carbon nanothreads are all one- dimensional (1D) ultrathin carbon structures. They possess excellent electronic and mechanical properties; however, their thermal transport properties have been rarely explored. Here, we systematically study their thermal conductance by combining the nonequilibrium Green’s function and force field methods. The thermal conductance varies from 0.24 to 1.00 nW/K at 300 K, and phonon transport in the linear benzene polymers and carbon nanothreads is strongly dependent on the connectivity styles between the benzene rings. We propose a simple 1D model, namely force-constant model, that explains the complicated transport processes in these structures. Our study not only reveals intrinsic mechanisms of phonon transport in these carbon structures, but also provides an effective method to analyze thermal properties of other 1D ultrathin structures made of only several atomic chains. Corresponding authors: [email protected]；[email protected]. 1 1. Introduction Graphene is an ideal electronic and thermal transport material because of its superhigh electronic and thermal conductivities [1-3]. However, a standard transport system is a one-dimensional (1D) structure [4,5], in which the carriers (electron or phonon) propagate from one side to another. Moreover, the increasing miniaturization of devices requires thin channels [6-9].
    [Show full text]