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Koreanske Studenters Forhold Til Sjamanisme Og Konfutsianisme

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Koreanske Studenters Forhold Til Sjamanisme Og Konfutsianisme Koreanske studenters forhold til sjamanisme og konfutsianisme Marte Jonassen Veileder Førsteamanuensis i misjonsvitenskap, Roar G. Fotland MF vitenskapelig høyskole for teologi, religion og samfunn, AVH5035: Masteroppgave i Religion, Society and Global Issues (60 ECTS), [Vår 2019] Antall ord: [44 595] 1 2 Sammendrag Denne avhandlingen tar for seg hvordan koreanske studenter forholder seg til de gamle tradisjonene sjamanisme og konfutsianisme. Avhandlingen er en empirisk studie, hvor jeg har benyttet meg av sosialantropologisk tilnærming og teori. Den ser dermed også på religionsbegrepet og forståelse av kultur gjennom et sosialantropologisk perspektiv. I avhandlingen kartlegger jeg hvilke kunnskaper koreanske studenter har om de aktuelle tradisjonene, og hvilken rolle de spiller i deres liv. Forskningsspørsmålet som ble utformet var følgende: Hvilke kunnskaper har koreanske studenter om de gamle tradisjonene sjamanisme og konfutsianisme, og hvilken rolle spiller de i deres liv? I tillegg ble det utformet fem underspørsmål som sikret god innsikt i forskningsspørsmålet, og det ble gjennomført semistrukturerte intervjuer for innsamling av datamaterialet. Dette sikret en god innsikt og forståelse av studentenes tanker, meninger og opplevelser rundt de aktuelle tradisjonene. Funnene av datainnsamlingen blir presentert og drøftet ved hjelp av de transkriberte intervjuene, annen litteratur og forskning. Avhandlingen presenterer dermed funn som konkluderer med at koreanske studenter i dag har lite kunnskap om sjamanismen som tradisjon. I tillegg kommer det frem at den ikke spiller så stor rolle i livene deres, eller er av noe særlig relevans. Deltagerne i studien hadde imidlertid alle kjennskap til, og noe innsikt i, selve tradisjonen og dens praktiske side. De hadde likevel ingen direkte erfaring med sjamanismen. Når det gjelder konfutsianismen var kunnskapen rundt selve tradisjonen begrenset, spesielt rundt det historiske og teoretiske. Deltagerne hadde derimot både god innsikt, og mye erfaring, med dens praktiske side og effekt på landets moral og etikk. Det kom tydelig frem at de var sterkt påvirket av tradisjonen, og hadde mye meninger om dens rolle og påvirkning på samfunnet. Konfutsianismen var dermed fullt tilstedte i deres liv, og kom frem som en sterk motsetning til sjamanismen. 3 Innholdsfortegnelse 1. Innledning ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Motivasjon .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Forskningsspørsmål .................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Avgrensning ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Annen forskning ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Begrepsavklaring ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.6 Aktualitet .................................................................................................................................. 13 1.7 Struktur ..................................................................................................................................... 15 2. Bakgrunn ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Introduksjon av Sør-Korea ....................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Religiøs tro og praksis .............................................................................................................. 19 2.3 Religioner i Sør-Korea.............................................................................................................. 20 2.3.1 Sjamanisme ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Konfutsianisme ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.3 Kristendom ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.3.4 Buddhisme ................................................................................................................................ 33 3. Teori ......................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Sosialantropologisk tilnærming ................................................................................................ 36 3.2 Sosialantropologisk tilnærming til religion .............................................................................. 37 3.3 Primalreligion ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.4 Tradisjon ................................................................................................................................... 41 3.4.1 Hva er tradisjon ........................................................................................................................ 41 3.4.2 Tradisjonsbærer ........................................................................................................................ 41 4. Metode ..................................................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Kvalitativ metode ..................................................................................................................... 43 4.1.1 Semistrukturert intervju ............................................................................................................ 44 4.1.2 Litteratur ................................................................................................................................... 45 4.2 Intervjuguide ............................................................................................................................. 46 4.3 Utvalget .................................................................................................................................... 47 4 4.4 Rekruttering .............................................................................................................................. 48 4.5 Gjennomføring ......................................................................................................................... 49 4.6 Transkribering .......................................................................................................................... 50 4.7 Studiens kvalitet ....................................................................................................................... 51 4.8 Etiske refleksjoner .................................................................................................................... 52 5. Presentasjon og analyse.......................................................................................................... 55 5.1 Presentasjon av studentene ....................................................................................................... 56 5.2 Studentenes kunnskap og forståelse av sjamanisme ................................................................. 57 5.3 Studentenes kunnskap og forståelse av konfutsianisme ........................................................... 59 5.3.1 Studentenes kunnskap rundt konfutsianismen .......................................................................... 60 5.3.2 Konfutsianismens påvirkning ................................................................................................... 61 5.3.2.1 Konfutsianismens påvirkning på landets moral og etikk .......................................................... 62 5.3.2.2 Konfutsianismens påvirkning på landets samfunnsstruktur ..................................................... 63 5.3.2.3 Konfutsianismens påvirkning på landets kjønnsroller .............................................................. 64 5.3.3 Forståelsen av Jesa ................................................................................................................... 65 5.3.4 Studentenes erfaringer med konfutsianismen ........................................................................... 67 5.4 Studentenes oppfatninger om religioner og religiøse praksiser ................................................ 68 5.4.1 Studentenes erfaring med religiøse praksiser ........................................................................... 69 5.4.2 Studentenes oppfatning av det religiøse Sør-Korea .................................................................. 71 5.4.3 Religionene i endring................................................................................................................ 72 6. Drøfting ................................................................................................................................... 75 6.1 Studentenes forhold til sjamanismen ........................................................................................ 75 6.1.1 Sjamanismens rolle og videreføring ........................................................................................
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