William III 1
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William III 20-year truce, 1684, 485–486, 488–490, 492, 506, 541 Luxemburg, blockade of, 451–453, 454–459 military budgets, 507–509 A Monmouth rebellion, 498 Adda, Fernandino d’, Papal nuncio, 554 Orange, seizure of, 467 Admiral-General peace party, growth of, 337–338, 361, 365, 368–369, Stadholdership, relationship with, 126 371 vacancy, 37–39, 42, 66, 69, 93, 125 Scheldt, closure of, 112 Aerson, member of Delegated Council of Holland, 371 Spanish Netherlands, troops for, 479, 480–483, 488– Africa, Anglo-Dutch rivalry, 80, 87 489 Aire, 305, 311, 333, 343–344, 367 Van Beuningen as Burgomaster, 473 siege of, 336 war preparations, 1671, 147 Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 118, 119, 121, 125, 227, war taxation, 247 254–255, 287, 303–304, 311, 343–345 William’s relationship with, 429–430, 433–435, 506– Albemarle, Christopher Monck, Duke of, 415 509 Albert Frederick, Prince of Brandenburg, 560 Anglo-Dutch commercial rivalry, 39–40, 65, 78, 87 Albertina-Agnes, Countess of Nassau, 94, 248, 433 Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1678, 375–376 Albeville, Ignatius White, Marquis d’, 515, 522, 524, Anglo-Dutch wars 529, 531–532, 536, 540 first, 41–44, 78 Almonde, Vice-Admiral Philips van, 561, 565 second, 87–105 Alsace third, 256–257, 266–267, 269–270 in Franco-Dutch war, 221, 258, 283, 299, 321, 325– Anglo-Spanish treaty of 1680, 403–404, 414 326, 335 Anhalt, Amalia van, 507 in Nijmegen peace negotiations, 356 Anhalt-Dessau, Henrietta, Duchess of, 51, 217, 507 réunions, 444 Anhalt-Dessau, Johann Georg, Prince of, 34, 217–218, Amalia von Solms-Braunfels, Princess of Orange 229, 248, 553 Act of Exclusion, 44 Anjou, François, Duke of, 16 Albertina-Agnes, Countess of Nassau, rift with, 94 Anjou, Philippe Duke of, 48, see also Orléans, Philippe, ancestry, 217 Duke of (Monsieur) Anhalt marriage alliance, 51 Anne of Austria, Queen of France, 28, 48, 58, 107 Buat conspiracy, 103–104 Anne Stuart, Princess (later Queen Anne) character of, 34 Anglican upbringing, 424 death of, 327 invasion conspiracy, 525–526, 539 guardianship dispute, 29, 41, 66, 69, 71, 75–81 James II’s catholicising efforts, 529 Het Huis ten Bosch, building of, 426 marriage to George of Denmark, 473–474, 478 income, 30 Prince of Wales, birth of, 537, 540 marriage of, 20 smallpox, recovery from, 385 Mary, Princess Royal, relationship with, 23, 34–36, 46 on the Sunderlands, 523 Nassau-Odijk as muddlehead, 147 Swedish marriage proposal, 375 Orange, guardianship dispute, 57–58 Appelman, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, 548 Orange, restoration of, 83 Apsley, Frances, 424–425, 428–429 Regent counter-coup, 1651, 38–39 Apsley, Sir Allen, 424 second Anglo-Dutch war, 91 Argenteau, French capture of, 287 treaty of Dover, speculations on, 139 Argyll, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, 498, 500, 527 Westphalia, peace of, 24 Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of William as Child of State, 97–98, 100, 102 Buat conspiracy, 103 William as First Noble of Zeeland, 129 Charles II’s commitment to catholicism, 118 William’s coming of age, 131–132 Danby, opposition to, 362 William’s education, 52–53, 57, 81–82 Dover, secret treaty of, 120, 140, 147 Ambon, massacre, 87 Duke of York, opposition to, 309 Amerongen, Godard Adriaan van Reede, Lord of Eminent Embassy of 1672, 180–187 Austro-Brandenburg army, 222, 228–231, 243 family mission of 1674, 311–315 Brandenburg, relations with, 181, 218, 241–242, 436, marriage, 97, 101, 141, 308, 428 438, 509–510 Rhinegrave, negotiations with, 1672, 189 castle, burning of, 236 rise of, 88–89, 94–95, 115–116 Dutch Army, recruitment in Germany, 246 Stuart debt to House of Orange, 137–138 Eminent Embassy of 1672, 187 Sylvius mission, 150–151 Saxony, negotiations with, 1688, 544 third Anglo-Dutch war, 265–266 Utrecht, political power in, 148–149, 263, 279–280 waning power of, 310 Amsterdam William and Mary’s marriage, 356 20-year truce, 1684, 485–486 William’s English visits, 142, 354 Association Treaty, 447–448 William’s relationship with, 131, 192–193, 308, 344 Brandenburg, treaty of, 1686, 510 Arlington, Isabella of Nassau-Beverweert, Lady, 101, on Charles II’s arbitration with Spain, 469–470 137–138, 193 D’Avaux, negotiations with, 483–485 Arminius, Jacobus, 17 France, attitude to, 396, 402 Army (Dutch) French tariff, impact of, 125, 533–534 Anglo-Scottish regiments, 93, 378, 395, 497, 498– French trade war, 1688, 557 499, 515, 531–533, 560 impregnability of, 165 budgets, 507–509 invasion of England, 1688, 547–548, 555–557, 560 discipline, 348 1 William III Army (Dutch) (Continued) Bentinck, Hans Willem England, recruitment in, 307–309 Amsterdam, negotiations with, 1688, 549 German troops for, 1688, 546 background, 82 morale, 165 as Chamberlain to William III, 425–426 neglect of under De Witt regime, 125, 197 on Covell as spy, 502 provisioning of, 230 on De Witt murders, 205 reorganisation of, 221–223, 244–247 German princes, mission to, 1688, 545–546 strength of, 162, 245–246, 366, 434, 453, 480–481 Grave, siege of, 297 Army (Spanish), 222, 228, 230, 264, 283, 322–333, 371 Holland, influence in, 430 Army (English) conspiracy against James II, 525–526 on invasion conspiracy, 540 Arnhem, 166 invasion of England, 1688, 545, 549, 551, 560, 561– Arundell, Henry, Baron Arundell of Wardour, 118, 389 562 Asfelt, Claude François, Baron d’, 479 marriage, 424, 428, 502, 538 Asperen, van, regent of Holland, 371 mission to Berlin, 1688, 544 Assentar, Marquis d’, 287, 291 mission to James II, 498–499 Association Treaty of 1681, 447–448, 449, 454, 460, missions to England, 350–352, 357, 475–476, 477– 462–463, 465, 466, 510 478 Ath, 289–290, 294–295, 311, 325, 343–344, 349, 379, Monmouth, mediation with, 493–494 482 as page to William, 101 Augsburg, League of, 519, 541 secret intelligence network in England, 531 Austro-Brandenburg army, 219–220, 225–227, 228– on Spanish Netherlands muster, 1683, 484 232, 243 uxuriousness, 575 Austro-Brandenburg treaty of 1672, 182–183 William’s English visit, 1670-71, 141, 143 Austro-Brandenburg treaty of 1686, 518 William’s relationship with, 314, 503, 551 Austro-Spanish treaty of 1673, 255 William’s smallpox, 323 Auvergne, Comte d’, 244 William’s wedding negotiations, 385 Avaux, Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, Count d’ Bentinck, Willem, death of, 544 20-year truce, 488 Berkeley, Sir Charles, 88 Amsterdam, negotiations with, 402, 483–485 Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, 518, 529, 561 Association Treaty, intrigues against, 447–448 Beuningen, Coenraad van Franco-Dutch tariff dispute, 534 ambassador to England, 138, 141, 342–343, 448, Franco-Spanish war, 1683, 481–485 451, 455 invasion preparations, 1688, 353, 549–550, 554, Amsterdam, political power in, 132–133, 212, 473, 555–556 484 on Louis XIV’s support for James II, 557 Anglo-Dutch alliance, prospects of, 396 Luxemburg, blockade of, 446, 453, 454, 457 armistice proposal of 1673, 250 on Monmouth at William’s court, 492, 494 Association Treaty, 447–448 on Philippe of Brandenburg as William’s successor, Bentinck mission to England, 350–351 519 Brandenburg treaty of 1686, 510 Republicans, intrigues with, 433–434 Colbert tariff, 125 Sweden, Dutch treaty of 1681, 445 devolution, Louis XIV’s claims, 115 Avignon, 542, 559 on English neutrality, 306 Aylva, Hans Willem van, 243, 248 English peace negotiations, 181, 183–188, 191, 267 Frederick William of Brandenburg, mediation of, 486– B 487 Baden, Louis William, Margrave of, 335 Huguenot revolts, involvement in, 284 Banchem, Johan van, 207–208 madness of, 470 Barillon, Paul negotiating power, restrictions on, 366 Charles II’s accusation of bribery, 362 Spanish alliance, 253–254 Charles II’s mediation efforts, 357 war taxation, 247 Charles II’s secret agreement, 1680, 414–415 William’s relationship with, 208, 451, 469–470, 473, Du Cros scheme, 375–376 481–482, 506 exclusion crisis, 415–416 Beverninck, Hieronymus van James II, accession of, 495, 499–500 Bentinck mission to England, 350 James II, negotiations with Louis XIV, 553–554 character, 95 Luxemburg, blockade of, 459–460 Cologne peace conference, 250 memoir (Luxemburg crisis), 454–455 Cromwell, negotiations with, 43 peace terms, 1678, 364–367, 370 Dutch army, provisioning of, 230, 261 Sunderland, support for, 511 on Dutch determination to continue the war, 339 William and Mary’s marriage, 355 embassy to Charles II, 149 barrier fortresses (Spanish Netherlands), 111–112, 446, English peace negotiations, 1672, 181, 183–185, 187 478, 482, 488 as Field Deputy, 160–166, 222 Bath, John Granville, Earl of, 561, 568 France, threat from, 133 Beaufort, François de Vendôme, Duke of, 113 Gelderland, sovereignty of, 318 Bedford, William Russell, earl of, 526, 535 Maastricht, march on, 1672, 228 Bellefonds, Marshal Bernardin Gigault, Marquis of, 120, mission to Louis XIV, 1678, 370 287 Nijmegen peace conference, 338, 371–372, 373, 374, Bellings, Richard, 389 376 Bennet, Sir Henry, see Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of Spanish alliance, 146–147 2 William III Beverninck, Hieronymus van (Continued) Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury St-Denis, battle of, 377 on Admiral Edward Russell, 355 town councils, reform of, 508 on Admiral Herbert, 565 Treasury General, resignation as, 93 on De Witt murders, 205 Bicker, Wendela, 50 Dijkveldt’s mission to England, 522–524 Binch, capture of, 231 on Downing, 89 Blaspiel, Brandenburg ambassador, 369–370 on English navy, 1688, 567 Bleswijck, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, 371 Fagel’s letter to James Steward, 528–529 Blois, Mademoiselle de, 306 invasion conspiracy, 538 Blydenstein, Charles Henri van den Kerckhoven, Baron on Monmouth, 493 Wotton, Lord of, 54 on Penn, 517 Bodegrave Torbay landing, 1688, 568 French atrocities