Globicephala Macrorhynchus Gray, 1846 DELPH Glob 2 SHW
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SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALE (Globicephala Macrorhynchus): Western North Atlantic Stock
February 2019 SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALE (Globicephala macrorhynchus): Western North Atlantic Stock STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE There are two species of pilot whales in the western North Atlantic - the long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas melas, and the short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus. These species are difficult to differentiate at sea and cannot be reliably visually identified during either abundance surveys or observations of fishery mortality without high-quality photographs (Rone and Pace 2012); therefore, the ability to separately assess the two species in U.S. Atlantic waters is complex and requires additional information on seasonal spatial distribution. Pilot whales (Globicephala sp.) in the western North Atlantic occur primarily along the continental shelf break from Florida to the Nova Scotia Shelf (Mullin and Fulling 2003). Long-finned and short- finned pilot whales overlap spatially along the mid-Atlantic shelf break between Delaware and the southern flank of Georges Bank (Payne and Heinemann 1993; Rone and Pace 2012). Long-finned pilot whales have occasionally been observed stranded as far south as South Carolina, and short- finned pilot whales have occasionally been observed stranded as far north as Massachusetts (Pugliares et al. 2016). The exact latitudinal ranges of the two species remain uncertain. However, south of Cape Hatteras most pilot whale sightings are expected to be short- Figure 1. Distribution of long-finned (open symbols), short-finned finned pilot whales, while north of (black symbols), and possibly mixed (gray symbols; could be ~42°N most pilot whale sightings are either species) pilot whale sightings from NEFSC and SEFSC expected to be long-finned pilot whales shipboard and aerial surveys during the summers of 1998, 1999, (Figure 1; Garrison and Rosel 2017). -
Whale Identification Posters
Whale dorsal fins Humpback whale Sperm whale Photo: Nadine Bott Photo: Whale Watch Kaikoura Blue whale Southern right whale (no dorsal) Photo: Nadine Bott Photo: Nadine Bott False killer whale Pilot whale Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar • Report all marine mammal sightings to DOC via the online sighting form (www.doc.govt.nz/marinemammalsightings) • Email photos of marine mammal sightings to [email protected] Thank you for your help! 24hr emergency hotline Orca Photo: Ailie Suzuki Keep your distance – do not approach closer than 50 m to whales Whale tail flukes Humpback whale Sperm whale Photo: Nadine Bott Photo: Nadine Bott Blue whale Southern right whale Photo: Gregory Smith (CC BY-SA 2.0) Photo: Tui De Roy False killer whale Pilot whale Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar • Report all marine mammal sightings to DOC via the online sighting form (www.doc.govt.nz/marinemammalsightings) • Email photos of marine mammal sightings to [email protected] Thank you for your help! 24hr emergency hotline Orca Photo: Nadine Bott Keep your distance – do not approach closer than 50 m to whales Whale surface behaviour Humpback whale Sperm whale Photo: Nadine Bott Photo: Whale Watch Kaikoura Blue whale Southern right whale Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar Photo: Don Goodhue False killer whale Pilot whale Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar Photo: Jochen Zaeschmar • Report all marine mammal sightings to DOC via the online sighting form (www.doc.govt.nz/marinemammalsightings) • Email photos of marine mammal sightings to [email protected] -
Range-Dependent Flexibility in the Acoustic Field of View Of
RESEARCH ARTICLE elifesciences.org Range-dependent flexibility in the acoustic field of view of echolocating porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Danuta M Wisniewska1,2*, John M Ratcliffe3,4, Kristian Beedholm1, Christian B Christensen1, Mark Johnson5, Jens C Koblitz6, Magnus Wahlberg3,7,8, Peter T Madsen1 1Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; 2Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; 3Sound and Behaviour Group, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 4Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada; 5Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland; 6Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tubingen,¨ Tubingen,¨ Germany; 7Marine Biological Research Centre, University of Southern Denmark, Kerteminde, Denmark; 8Fjord and Belt, Kerteminde, Denmark Abstract Toothed whales use sonar to detect, locate, and track prey. They adjust emitted sound intensity, auditory sensitivity and click rate to target range, and terminate prey pursuits with high- repetition-rate, low-intensity buzzes. However, their narrow acoustic field of view (FOV) is considered stable throughout target approach, which could facilitate prey escape at close-range. Here, we show that, like some bats, harbour porpoises can broaden their biosonar beam during the terminal phase of attack but, unlike bats, maintain the ability to change beamwidth within this phase. Based on video, MRI, and acoustic-tag recordings, we propose this flexibility is modulated by the melon and implemented to accommodate dynamic spatial relationships with prey and acoustic complexity of surroundings. Despite independent evolution and different means of sound generation *For correspondence: danuta. and transmission, whales and bats adaptively change their FOV, suggesting that beamwidth [email protected] flexibility has been an important driver in the evolution of echolocation for prey tracking. -
False Killer Whale and Short-Finned Pilot Whale Acoustic Occurrences
19th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals Tampa, FL, 27 November – 02 December 2011 parasite egg counts (paired t-test: nematodes p=0.736, cestodes Data presented here are the first to document aspects of the life p=0.159, trematodes p=0.146). Retrospective power analyses history of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) examined indicated sample sizes were insufficient. Eight individuals had at least from New Zealand waters. Post-mortem sampling occurred during a 50% reduction in cestode eggs while only three individuals had two mass stranding events at Spirit’s Bay, Northland on 22 September similar decreases in nematode and trematode eggs. There was 2010 and Mason Bay, Stewart Island on 20 February 2011. A total of insufficient evidence to determine if keeping an animal dry for 24 56 (out of 57) and 105 (out of 107) animals were examined, hours increased drug efficacy. Further testing is needed to determine respectively. Sex, total body length (TBL), teeth and reproductive whether Profender® can reduce cestode burdens in pinnipeds. samples were collected from both strandings. The sex ratio in both stranding events was biased towards females (63.5% overall), False killer whale and short-finned pilot whale acoustic although mature males were present in both groups. Body length occurrences around the Hawaiian Islands ranged 207–570cm (mean=418, SD=104, n=58) in males and 201– Baumann-Pickering, Simone 1; Simonis, Anne E. 1; Oleson, Erin M. 2; 485cm (mean=389, SD=64, n=101) in females. Females matured Rankin, Shannon 3; Baird, Robin W. 4; Roch, Marie A. -
The Long-Finned Pilot Whale
Status of Marine Mammals in the North Atlantic THE LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE (Pilot whale drive in the Faroes. Photo: D. Bloch) This series of reports is intended to provide information on North Atlantic marine mammals suitable for the general reader. Reports are produced on species that have been considered by the NAMMCO Scientific Committee, and therefore reflect the views of the Council and Scientific Committee of NAMMCO. North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission Polar Environmental Centre N-9296 Tromsø, Norway Tel.: +47 77 75 01 80, Fax: +47 77 75 01 81 Email: [email protected], Web site: www.nammco.no LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE (Globicephala melas) The long-finned pilot whale is a medium-sized toothed whale that is found in the North Atlantic and in mid-latitudes throughout the northern and southern hemisphere. Males are larger than females, reaching a length of 6.3 m and a weight of 2.5 tonnes, compared to 5.5 m and 1.5 tonnes for females (Bloch et al. 1993b). They are dark brown to black in colour, with a light anchor-shaped pattern on the belly, and on some a whitish stripe extending towards the tail along the back and sometimes also behind dorsal fin. The pilot whale is a very social species, and is invariably found in groups of 10’s to 100's of animals. Distribution and Stock Definition The pilot whale is an oceanic species and occurs far offshore as well as in coastal areas (Buckland et al. 1993, NAMMCO 1998a). They are very widely distributed in the North Atlantic, from about 35o - 65o N in the west and from about 40o - 75o N in the east (ICES 1996; NAMMCO 1998a,b) (Fig.1). -
Pilot Whale-Dillon
The pilot Whale The Melon Head Whale By: Dillon Burke What Do They Eat ? • Pilot Whales favorite food is squid. • Short Finned pilot whales can have 36 to 48 pounds of fish. • A pilot whales only predator is a big shark and a killer whale. • Pilot whales also eat cuttle fish, octopus, herring, dog fish, and other small fish if they can’t find any squid. What Is Its Adaptations • Pilot whales bite their prey and swallows it whole. • Pilot whales can swim up 8 miles per hour. • Pilot whales sing, click, and many more. • Short finned pilot whales and long finned pilot whales make different noises. • A pilot whales echo can tell it were food is were land is and to warn him if a predator is near. Where Do They Live • Pilot whales live in the Northern and southern hemispheres. Pilot whales live in three different oceans Atlantic, Pacific, and the Indian ocean. A short finned pilot whale likes warm places and the long finned pilot whale likes cold places • fun fact but you never see a pilot whale in the Arctic ocean or the southern ocean. How Big Is It • A short finned pilot whale female can grow up to be 16 feet tall. • But a male can be 20 feet tall. • A male long finned pilot whale can grow up to 25 feet and a female can grow to 19 feet. • A pilot whale is the second largest in the Delphinidae family. Fun fact Both pilot whales have new borns that are 6 feet tall. Special Body Features • The Navy taught the pilot whale to put devices on stray torpedoes under the water. -
Marine Mammal Taxonomy
Marine Mammal Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) Family: Balaenidae (Right Whales) Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale Eubalaena australis Southern right whale Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Family: Neobalaenidae (Pygmy Right Whale) Caperea marginata Pygmy right whale Family: Eschrichtiidae (Grey Whale) Eschrichtius robustus Grey whale Family: Balaenopteridae (Rorquals) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Arctic Minke whale Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale Balaenoptera edeni Byrde’s whale Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Order: Cetacea (Cetaceans) Suborder: Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) Family: Physeteridae (Sperm Whale) Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Family: Kogiidae (Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales) Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Kogia sima Dwarf sperm whale DOLPHIN R ESEARCH C ENTER , 58901 Overseas Hwy, Grassy Key, FL 33050 (305) 289 -1121 www.dolphins.org Family: Platanistidae (South Asian River Dolphin) Platanista gangetica gangetica South Asian river dolphin (also known as Ganges and Indus river dolphins) Family: Iniidae (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis Amazon river dolphin (boto) Family: Lipotidae (Chinese River Dolphin) Lipotes vexillifer Chinese river dolphin (baiji) Family: Pontoporiidae (Franciscana) -
Diving and Night-Time Behavior of Long-Finned Pilot Whales in the Ligurian Sea
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 237: 301–305, 2002 Published July 18 Mar Ecol Prog Ser NOTE Diving and night-time behavior of long-finned pilot whales in the Ligurian Sea Robin W. Baird1,*, J. Fabrizio Borsani2, M. Bradley Hanson3, Peter L. Tyack4 1Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada 2Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Applicata al Mare, via di Casalotti 300, 00166 Roma, Italy 3National Marine Mammal Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98250, USA 4Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA ABSTRACT: Pilot whales Globicephala spp. have long been Mouritsen (1993) suggested that around the Faroe thought to be deep divers, yet little information is available on Islands this species fed at depths between 100 and dive depths. During August 1999 we obtained detailed dive 500 m. Like many cetaceans, however, dive depths of data from suction-cup-attached time-depth recorder/VHF radio tags deployed on 5 long-finned pilot whales G. melas. wild long-finned pilot whales have not previously been Pilot whales were tagged for short periods (average 5 h ind.–1) reported (Hooker & Baird 2001). Here, we present the in deep (>2000 m) waters of the Ligurian Sea, off the NW first dive data of long-finned pilot whales, obtained coast of Italy. During the day all 5 whales spent their time in using suction-cup-attached time-depth recorders de- the top 16 m of the water column, and visible surface activities ployed on whales in the Ligurian Sea (approximate consisted primarily of rest and social behaviors. -
Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats
Review of Small Cetaceans Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats by Boris M. Culik Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Published by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats. 2004. Compiled for CMS by Boris M. Culik. Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 343 pages. Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Produced by CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany in collaboration with UNEP Coordination team Marco Barbieri, Veronika Lenarz, Laura Meszaros, Hanneke Van Lavieren Editing Rüdiger Strempel Design Karina Waedt The author Boris M. Culik is associate Professor The drawings stem from Prof. Maurizio of Marine Zoology at the Leibnitz Institute of Wurtz, Dept. of Biology at Genova Univer- Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR) sity and illustrator/artist at Artescienza. and works free-lance as a marine biologist. Contact address: Contact address: Prof. Dr. Boris Culik Prof. Maurizio Wurtz F3: Forschung / Fakten / Fantasie Dept. of Biology, Genova University Am Reff 1 Viale Benedetto XV, 5 24226 Heikendorf, Germany 16132 Genova, Italy Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.fh3.de www.artescienza.org © 2004 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. -
First Sightings of the Pygmy Killer Whale, Feresa Attenuata, for The
JMBA2 - Biodiversity Records Published on-line First sightings of the pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata, for the Brazilian coast Marcos Rossi-Santos*, Clarêncio Baracho, Elitieri Santos Neto and Enrico Marcovaldi Humpback Whale Institute, Brazil/Instituto Baleia Jubarte, Caixa Postal 92, Praia do Forte, Mata de São João, Bahia, 48280-000, Brazil. *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Pygmy killer whales, Feresa attenuata (Gray, 1874), have been recorded in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate waters of all major oceans (Donahue & Perryman, 2002), but this species still remains one of the least known of the small cetaceans. Most of the available information comes from stranded animals (e.g. Lichter et al., 1990; Zerbini & Santos, 1997). This note reports on the first sighting of wild F. attenuata for the Brazilian coast, and perhaps to the south-western Atlantic Ocean. The Humpback Whale Institute (IBJ) develops cetacean research and conservation activities in the coast of Bahia State. The IBJ was initiated in 1988 to study the humpback whales (Megaptera novaengliae) at the Abrolhos Bank, considered as the main breeding area for the species (Engel, 1996; Martins et al., 2001; Morete et al., 2003), and in 2000 was enlarged to study the humpbacks at Praia do Forte, North Bahian coast (Mas-Rosa et al., 2002). Field surveys were conducted aboard a 15 m wooden schooner with a 250 hp diesel engine. Three observers scanned an angle of 180° from both sides to the bow of the boat. When a group of cetacean was sighted we approached, following the limits imposed by the national legislation (Edict no. -
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats John Ford and Linda Nichol Cetacean Research Program Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, BC Outline • Brief (very) introduction to marine mammals of BC • Historical occurrence of whales in BC • Recent efforts to determine current status of cetacean species • Recent attempts to identify Critical Habitat for Threatened & Endangered species • Overview of pinnipeds in BC Marine Mammals of British Columbia - 25 Cetaceans, 5 Pinnipeds, 1 Mustelid Baleen Whales of British Columbia Family Balaenopteridae – Rorquals (5 spp) Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus SARA Status = Endangered Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus = Threatened = Spec. Concern Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis Family Balaenidae – Right Whales (1 sp) Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata North Pacific Right Whale Eubalaena japonica Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Family Eschrichtiidae– Grey Whales (1 sp) Grey Whale Eschrichtius robustus Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Physeteridae – Sperm Whales (3 spp) Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima Family Ziphiidae – Beaked Whales (4 spp) Hubbs’ Beaked Whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsii Stejneger’s Beaked Whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri Baird’s Beaked Whale Berardius bairdii Cuvier’s Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Delphinidae – Dolphins (9 spp) Pacific White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Killer Whale Orcinus orca Striped Dolphin Stenella -
Humpback Whales 101
G3 U5 OVR GRADE 3 UNIT 5 OVERVIEW Humpback Whales 101 Introduction Humpback whales are highly intelligent marine mammals that depend on specifi c environmental conditions to survive. They migrate north to nutrient-rich waters of Alaska to feed during the summer, and south to tropical, but nutrient-poor, warm waters in winter to give birth and mate. Humpback whales feed on huge amounts of small fi sh and plankton that are abundant in northern marine environments in spring and summer. Adult whales maintain a thick layer of insulating blubber under their skin that keeps internal body temperatures constant. Whales are not born with insulating blubber and would freeze in cold Alaskan waters, which may explain whale migration to tropical environments in winter to give birth, and thus perpetuate survival of the species. Brainstorming the amazing adaptations these marine mammals have undergone over millions of years to survive in ocean environments, brings this unit to life for the students. They then imagine body feature changes that would be required for humans to adapt to similar environments. Students also learn that humpback whales, like humans, are warm-blooded, give birth, engage in courtships, mate, nurse their young, and protect them from predators. Students study whale body features and crucial roles they play during migration, feeding, and mating. The unit’s main focus is on whale behavior while in the mating and nursing grounds in Hawai‘i. Like researchers, students follow the scientifi c inquiry process to answer questions. Through hands-on lab activities and fun games that complement lessons, students replicate the feeding behaviors of whales, and create bar graphs comparing the feeding styles of baleen and toothed whales.