(Rubiaceae): Psychotria Goyazensis Müll. Arg. S T O

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(Rubiaceae): Psychotria Goyazensis Müll. Arg. S T O UFG UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS IQ INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA M A R C E L O A U Contribuição do estudo fitoquímico de espécies de Psychotria L. G U (Rubiaceae): Psychotria goyazensis Müll. Arg. S T O P E R E MARCELO AUGUSTO PEREIRA JANUÁRIO I a a R ORIENTADORA: PROF . Dr . LUCÍLIA KATO A a a CO-ORIENTAÇÃO: PROF Dr . CECÍLIA MARIA ALVES DE J OLIVEIRA A N U Á R I O DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO 2015 GOIÂNIA- 2015 Universidade Federal de Goiás Instituto de Química Contribuição do estudo fitoquímico de espécies de Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae): Psychotria goyazensis Müll. Arg. MARCELO AUGUSTO PEREIRA JANUÁRIO Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Química. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Lucília Kato. Co-orientadora: Profa. Dra. Cecília Maria Alves de Oliveira. GOIÂNIA, 2015 À minha mãe Alexina, razão deste trabalho, pelo apoio ilimitado ao longo de toda minha vida. Te amo! AGRADECIMENTOS Nossa vida é feita de desafios, uns grandes, outros pequenos. Para mim, este trabalho foi um grande desafio, que trouxe momentos de desânimo, outros de euforia, e em todos eles, uma lição. É assim que chego ao fim desta etapa de vida, feliz por vencer mais uma vez e eternamente agradecido: À Deus, pela vida, saúde e forças diárias, o maior contribuinte para a concretização desta etapa. À Profa Dra. Lucília Kato, pela orientação e principalmente pela compreensão e humanidade nos momentos difíceis que surgiram ao longo deste trabalho. À Profa Dra. Cecília Maria Alves de Oliveira, pela visão, pela sinceridade, pela disponibilidade e paciência! Nos dois sabemos o quanto ela (a paciência) se fez necessária, não é Professora? Rsrs... À colega de laboratório Aline P. Moraes, que me acolheu logo que cheguei, quando não sabia nem mesmo o que era uma placa de CCD! Também pela presença constante ao meu lado, com paciência, explicando e auxiliando em tudo! Abraço, minha amiga! Se fosse descrever a imensa ajuda que você me deu ao longo destes dois anos, eu precisaria de muito mais espaço! À colega e grande amiga Geralda Lemes, pela paciência ao me ensinar a técnica de CLAE e pelas inúmeras dicas de coluna! Abraço grande, minha amiga! Aos colegas de laboratório e amigos queridos Vinícius G. Wakui e Raquel F. Naves, Celice Novaes, que também me ajudaram DEMAIS! Só Deus para recompensá-los! Aos irmãos em Cristo Dionari e Eliúde, pela calorosa recepção quando cheguei a esta cidade e pelos constantes auxílios ao longo desta jornada! Deus os abençoe e os recompense! SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO 1 1.1. Família Rubiaceae. 1 1.2. A família Rubiaceae e substâncias bioativas 1 1.3. Alcaloides 2 1.4. Gênero Psychotria L. 4 1.5. Alcaloides de Psychotria L. 5 1.6. Descrição da espécie Psychotria goiazensis Mull. Arg. 10 2 OBJETIVOS 11 3 PARTE EXPERIMENTAL 13 3.1. Procedimentos gerais 14 3.2. Fracionamento fitoquímico de folhas, galhos e frutos de P. goyazensis. 15 3.2.1 1ª coleta, identificação e estudo das folhas. 15 3.2.2. Estudo dos frutos. 19 3.2.3. Estudo dos galhos. 21 3.2.4. 2ª Coleta das folhas. 22 4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO 24 4.1 Compostos isolados e/ou identificados nas folhas, galhos e frutos de P. 25 goiazenses. 4.2 Elucidação estrutural dos compostos isolados 26 4.2.1. Composto Pgfr 1 26 4.2.2. Composto Pgfr 2a 31 4.2.3. Composto Pgf 1 39 4.2.4. Mistura Pgf 7 (Identificação do harmano) 45 4.2.5. Composto Pgg 1 46 4.2.6. Mistura de compostos Pgf 2 48 4.2.7 Mistura de compostos Pgf 3 50 4.2.8. Mistura de compostos Pgf 5 51 5 Biossíntese de alcaloides de P goyazensis 52 6 CONCLUSÃO 55 7 REFERÊNCIAS 56 8 ANEXOS 68 8.1 TABELAS Tabela 1 Variedade de alcaloides isolados de Psychotria L. 6 Tabela 2 Dados espectroscópicos de 1H (ppm) e RMN 13C (via HSQC e HMBC) e 30 COSY para o composto Pgfr 1 e calicantina. Tabela 3 Dados espectroscópicos de 1H (ppm) e RMN 13C (via HSQC e HMBC) e 38 COSY para o composto Pgfr 2ª. Tabela 4 Dados espectroscópicos de 1H (ppm) e RMN 13C (via HSQC e HMBC) 44 para o composto Pgf 1 e ácido estrictosidínico. Tabela 5 Dados espectroscópicos de 1H (ppm) e RMN 13C (via HSQC e HMBC) 46 para Pgf 7 (identificação do harmano) e harmano. Tabela 6 Dados espectroscópicos de 1H (ppm) e RMN 13C (via HSQC e HMBC) e 48 para o composto Pgg 1 e isoescopoletina. Tabela 7 Tratamento cromatográfico da fração hexânica das folhas (1,5 g). 68 Tabela 8 Tratamento cromatográfico da fração diclorometânica das folhas (1,5 g). 69 Tabela 9 Tratamento cromatográfico das subfrações reunidas 53-74 (303,6 mg) 70 provenientes da fração diclorometância das folhas (1,5 g). Tabela 10 Tratamento cromatográfico da fração acetato de etila das folhas (1,95 g) 71 Tabela 11 Tratamento cromatográfico da fração n-butanólica das folhas (1,04 g). 72 Tabela 12 Massas e rendimentos obtidos na extração ácido-base do extrato etanólico 73 bruto dos frutos (8,3 g) Tabela 13 Purificação da fração CHCl3 neutra dos frutos (161 mg) 73 Tabela 14 Purificação das frações reunidas acetato de etila básica (19 mg) e CHCl3 74 básica (13 mg) dos frutos. Tabela 15 Massas e rendimentos obtidos na extração ácido-base do extrato etanólico 74 bruto dos galhos (5,3 g) Tabela 16 Purificação da fração CHCl3 ácida dos galhos (50 mg) 75 Tabela 17 Massas e rendimentos obtidos na extração ácido-base do extrato etanólico 75 bruto das folhas, 2ª Coleta. (15,3 g). Tabela 18 Purificação da fração CHCl3 neutra das folhas, 2ª coleta (94,8 mg). 76 7.2 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Metabólitos secundários bioativos isolados de espécies da família Rubiaceae. 2 Figura 2 Alcaloides naturais bioativos. 4 Figura 3 Cromatograma da injeção das subfrações reunidas na faixa de polaridade 17 CHCl3/MeOH 60-70% da fração acetato de etila. Figura 4 Obtenção e fracionamento do extrato etanólico bruto das folhas. 18 Figura 5 Obtenção e fracionamento do extrato etanólico bruto dos frutos. 20 Figura 6 Obtenção e fracionamento do extrato etanólico bruto dos galhos 22 Figura 7 Obtenção e fracionamento do extrato etanólico bruto das folhas, 2ª coleta 23 Figura 8 Compostos isolados e/ou identificados em P. goyazensis. 26 Figura 9 Cone deblindagem dos elétrons π do anel aromático sobre os hidrogênios 28 metilênicos do anel da calicantina. Figura 10 Proposta de fragmentação para calicantina 29 Figura 11 Correlações de HMBC ( ) para Pgfr 2a. 32 Figura 12 Estruturas usadas como modelo para elucidação de Pgfr 2a. 33 Figura 13 Estruturas usadas como modelo para elucidação de Pgfr 2a. 33 Figura 14 Sobreposição da região expandida entre 7,0-6,0 ppm dos espectros de RMN de 34 1H da calicantina (A) e de Pgfr 2a (B). Figura 15 Sobreposição da região expandida entre 3,0-1,5 ppm dos espectros de RMN de 34 1H da calicantina (A) e de Pgfr 2a (B). Figura 16 Expansão da região entre 7,0-6,0 ppm do espectro de RMN de 1H de Pgfr 2a. 35 Figura 17 Simulação de espectro ABX em programa WINDNMR-Pro. para Pgfr 2a; 35 Constantes de acoplamento: JAB=5,8; JAX=0.8; JBX=6.1 Hz. Figura 18 Proposta de fragmentação para Pgfr 2a. 36 Figura 19 Correlações de HMBC ( ) para a unidade A de Pgf 1. 40 Figura 20 Correlações de HMBC ( ) para a unidade B de Pgf 1. 41 Figura 21 Correlações de HMBC ( ) que sustentam a conexão entre as unidades A, B 41 e C de Pgf 1. Figura 22 Configuração relativa do composto Pgf 1. Adaptado de NAVES, 2014. 41 Figura 23 Cromatograma da injeção da solução padrão de ácido estrictosidínico (0,01 43 mg/mL), com absorção máxima em 222,8 nm. Figura 24 Cromatograma da co-injeção da solução padrão de ácido estrictosidínico com 43 a solução da subfração Fr 5 proveniente de FnBuOH, mostrando aumento da área e altura do pico correspondente a este composto, com absorção máxima em 222,7 nm. Figura 25 Biossíntese dos alcaloides ácido estictosidinico e harmano (Adaptado de 53 BRUNETON, 1991 & DEWICK, 2000). Figura 26 Biossíntese da calicantina (MAY & STOLTZ, 2006). 54 1 Figura 27 Espectro de RMN H (CD3OD, 500 MHz) para o composto Pgfr 1. 77 Figura 28 Expansão da região entre 7,3-6,0 ppm do espectro de RMN de 1H de Pgfr 1. 78 Figura 29 Expansão da região entre 3,0-1,3 ppm do espectro de RMN de 1H de Pgfr 1. 79 Figura 30 Mapa de correlações de HSQC de Pgfr 1. 80 Figura 31 Expansão da região entre 7,3-6,1 ppm do mapa de correlações de HSQC de 81 Pgfr 1. Figura 32 Expansão da região entre 5,6-4,0 ppm do mapa de correlações de HSQC de 82 Pgfr 1. Figura 33 Expansão da região entre 3,0-1,4 ppm do mapa de correlações de HSQC de 83 Pgfr 1. Figura 34 Mapa de correlações de HMBC de Pgfr 1. 84 Figura 34 Expansão da região entre 7,2-6,3 ppm do mapa de correlações de HMBC de 85 Pgfr 1. Figura 36 Expansão da região entre 5,3-4,4 ppm do mapa de correlações de HMBC de 88 Pgfr 1. Figura 37 Expansão da região entre 3,0-1,5 ppm do mapa de correlações de HMBC de 87 Pgfr 1. Figura 38 Mapa de correlações de COSY de Pgfr 1.
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